useful nouns
TRANSCRIPT
List 1 - Forming NounsNOUN VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN
absent absent absenceact active actionadd additionagree agreement
anger angry angerarrive arrivalattend attention
bad badnessbeautify beautiful beautybegin beginning
behave behaviorbrave bravery
breathe breathbrighten bright brightness
broaden broad breadthbrother brotherhood
busy busy businesschild childhood
choose choiceclean cleanliness
collect collection
correct correction
cruel crueltydark darknessdeep depth
describe description
die deathdivide divisiondo deeddraw drawing
dry dryness
enjoy enjoyable enjoyment
enter entranceexplain explanation
fail failurefatten fat fatnessfeed food
fit fitnessfool foolish foolishness
free free freedomfriend befriend friendly friendship
give giftgladden glad gladness
good goodness
great greatness
grow growthhappy happiness
hate hateful hatredheal health
high heighthonest honestyhungry hunger
imagine imaginative imagination
instruct instructive instruction
invent inventive invention
invite invitation
judge judgement
kind kindnessking
know knowledge
laugh laughterlaze lazy laziness
leader lead leadership
kingdom, kingship
lend loanlike likenesslive lifelengthen long lengthlose lossmadden mad madness
man manhood
marry marriagemember membership
mix mixturemother motherhood
move movement
multiply multiplication
neighbor neighborly neighborhood
new newnessobey abedient obedience
occupy occupation
permit permission
please pleasant pleasurepoet poetic poetry
proud prideprove proofpunish punishment
ready ready readiness
remember remembrance
sadden sad sadnesssafe safety
scholar scholarly scholarship
see sightsell salesharpen sharp sharpness
sicken sick sicknesssit seatslow slow slowness
soften soft softnessspeak speechstrengthen strong strength
succeed successful success
sweeten sweet sweetness
teach teachingtell talethicken thick thickness
think thoughtthirsty thirst
tighten tight tightness1 truth
value valuable valuewarm warm warmthweaken weak weakness
wed weddingweigh weightwiden wide width
wise wisdomyoung youth
List 2 - Forming AdjectivesNOUNS ADJECTIVES NOUNS ADJECTIVES
accident accidental mountain mountainous
adventure adventurous music musical
anger angry nation nationalbeauty beautiful nature naturalboy boyish noise noisycare careful/careless north northern
caution cautious parent parentalcentre central peace peacefulchild childish/childlike person personal
China Chinese pity pitifulcircle circular poison poisonous
comfort comfortable poverty poor
comic comical pride proudcoward cowardly quarrel quarrelsome
cruelty cruel responsibility responsible
culture cultural science scientificdanger dangerous sense sensible
day daily silk silkydisaster disastrous skill skilful
distance distant smoke smokyduty dutiful, dutiable sorrow sorrowful
east eastern south southernEurope European speed speedy
fact factual star starryfaith faithful stone stonyfame famous storm stormyfather fatherly strength strongfear fearful success successful
fever feverish sun sunnyfool foolish tail taillessfortune fortunate talent talented
France French terror terriblefriend friendly thirst thirstyfury furious thought thoughtful
girl girlish thought thoughtless
glory glorious topic topicalgod godly/godless tropic tropical
gold golden trouble troublesome
harm harmful truth truthfulheight high value valuablehero heroic victory victorious
hunger hungry war warlikeIndia Indian water wateryjoy joyful wave wavylaw lawful west westernlength long wind windylife live, lively winter wintry
love lovely wisdom wiseman manly wood woodenmercy merciful wool woollenmine my year yearlymischief mischievous youth young/youthful
VERBS ADJECTIVES VERBS ADJECTIVES
break breakable imagine imaginary
break broken instruct instructive
choose choosy love lovableclose close need needful, needy
collect collective obey obedient
construct constructive play playful
continue continuous please pleasant
continue continual prevent preventive
correct corrective prosper prosperous
describe descriptive quarrel quarrelsome
destroy destructive run running
enjoy enjoyable speak spoken
forget forgetful steal stolenharm harmful study studioushate hateful talk talkativehelp helpful think thoughtful
hope hopeful work workable
hurt hurtful write written
ADJECTIVES ADJECTIVES ADJECTIVES ADJECTIVES
big biggish elder elderlyclean cleanly good goodlycomic comical red reddishcorrect corrective sick sickly
List 3 - Forming VerbsADJECTIVES NOUNS VERBS
broad broadenclean cleanse
cloth clothecourage encourage
dark darkendeep deepenequal equalizefast fastenfat fattenfertile fertilize
friend befriendfull fillglad gladden
government govern
joy enjoyknee kneel
large enlargeless lessenlight lightenlong lengthenloose loosen
product producepure purifyquick quickenrich enrichsad saddensafe savesharp sharpenshort shorten
sight seeslave enslave
smooth smoothen
soft softenspark sparkle
tight tightentrial tryunity unite
wide widen
List 4 - Forming Adverbs from AdjectivesADJECTIVES ADVERBS ADJECTIVES
abrupt abruptly lawfulabsolute absolutely lazy
accidental accidentally light
active actively loneactual actually loudadamant adamantly lucky
additional additionally mad
affectionate affectionately main
angry angrily mannish
annual annually magic
anxious anxiously mental
apparent apparently merciful
appreciative appreciatively mere
apprehensive apprehensively merry
appropriate appropriately momentary
approving approvingly monthly
approximate approximately narrow
apt aptly naturalardent ardently neararduous arduously neat
arguable arguably nebulous
attentive attentively necessary
audible audibly needless
awkward awkwardly nervous
bad badly newbeautiful beautifully nice
bitter bitterly nightlyboastful boastfully noisy
bold boldly obedient
brave bravely occasional
brief briefly openbright brightly oppressive
brutal brutally optimistic
busy busily oralcalm calmly outward
careful carefully painfulcareless carelessly partial
casual casually particular
cautious cautiously passionate
certain certainly patentcheap cheaply patientcheerful cheerfully peaceful
clean cleanly perfectclear clearly permanent
clever cleverly personal
close closely pessimistic
comfortable comfortably physical
complete completely pious
conclusive conclusively playful
conscious consciously pleasant
constant constantly polite
continual continually poor
continuous continuously popular
copious copiously possible
correct correctly posthumous
courteous courteously pretty
crooked crookedly previous
cruel cruelly primarycunning cunningly private
curious curiously probabledangerous dangerously problematic
daring daringly promiscuous
dear dearly properdeep deeply prouddefinite definitely punctual
deliberate deliberately pure
delightful delightfully puritanical
dim dimly purposeless
dirty dirtily quickdouble doubly quietdull dully rapideager eagerly rareeasy easily rational
economic economically ready
efficient efficiently real
enjoyable enjoyably recent
enormous enormously regular
entire entirely ridiculous
essential essentially rough
eternal eternally rudeethical ethically sadethnic ethnically safe
etymological etymologically satisfactory
euphemistic euphemistically savage
evasive evasively secret
even evenly seeming
eventual eventually sentimental
evident evidently separate
exorbitant exorbitantly serene
extreme extremely serial
faithful faithfully seriousfastidious fastidiously severe
fatal fatally shakyfearful fearfully shameful
fierce fiercely shameless
final finally sheepish
financial financially shy
first firstly significant
foolish foolishly silentforgetful forgetfully simple
fortunate fortunately sincere
free freely single-handed
frequent frequently skilful
friendly friendily sleepy
frightful frightfully slight
full fully slowgeneral generally soft
generous generously sole
gentle gently soundgentleman gentlemanly special
genuine genuinely steadfast
glad gladly steadygraceful gracefully stealthy
gradual gradually strangegrim grimly stronggrudging grudgingly stupid
gruelling gruellingly subtle
gruesome gruesomely successful
half-yearly half-yearly sudden
haphazard haphazardly sure
happy happily surprising
hard hardly sweetharsh harshly swifthasty hastily tacticalhateful hatefully tactless
heavy heavily terriblehelpful helpfully terrifying
helpless helplessly terse
high highly thankful
holistic holistically thorough
honest honestly thoughtful
honourable honourably thoughtless
hopeful hopefully total
horrible horribly tremendous
hourly hourly tremulous
hungry hungrily 1hypothetical hypothetically truthful
hysterical hysterically unacceptable
immaculate immaculately unarguable
immediate immediately understandable
impatient impatiently undoubted
individual individually unexpected
inescapable inescapably untruthful
inestimable inestimably unusual
inevitable inevitably urbane
inexorable inexorably urgent
infallible infallibly usualinstant instantly vastinstantaneous instantaneously verbal
instinctive instinctively veritable
jealous jealously wearyjoint jointly weeklyjoyful joyfully whole-hearted
justifiable justifiably wide
keen keenly wildkind kindly willingknowing knowingly wise
knowledgeable knowledgeably wrong
last lastly yearly
late lately youthful
ADVERBS
lawfullylazily
lightly
lonelyloudlyluckily
madly
mainly
mannishly
magically
mentally
mercifully
merely
merrily
momentarily
monthly
narrowly
naturallynearlyneatly
nebulously
necessarily
needlessly
nervously
newlynicely
nightlynoisily
obediently
occasionally
openlyoppressively
optimistically
orallyoutwardly
painfullypartially
particularly
passionately
patentlypatientlypeacefully
perfectlypermanently
personally
pessimistically
physically
piously
playfully
pleasantly
politely
poorly
popularly
possibly
posthumously
prettily
previously
primarilyprivately
probablyproblematically
promiscuously
properlyproudlypunctually
purely
puritanically
purposelessly
quicklyquietlyrapidlyrarelyrationally
readily
really
recently
regularly
ridiculously
roughly
rudelysadlysafely
satisfactorily
savagely
secretly
seemingly
sentimentally
separately
serenely
serially
seriouslyseverely
shakilyshamefully
shamelessly
sheepishly
shyly
significantly
silentlysimply
sincerely
single-handedly
skillfully
sleepily
slightly
slowlysoftly
solely
soundlyspecially
steadfastly
steadilystealthily
strangelystronglystupidly
subtly
successfully
suddenly
surely
surprisingly
sweetlyswiftlytacticallytactlessly
terriblyterrifyingly
tersely
thankfully
thorougly
thoughtfully
thoughtlessly
totally
tremendously
tremulously
trulytruthfully
unacceptably
unarguably
understandably
undoubtedly
unexpectedly
untruthfully
unusually
urbanely
urgently
usuallyvastlyverbally
veritably
wearilyweeklywhole-heartedly
widely
wildlywillinglywisely
wrongly
yearly
youthfully
List 5 - Collective NounsPEOPLE
an army of soldiers a gang of thieves
a bevy of beauties/girls a group of dancers
a band of musicians a group of singers
a band of robbers a horde of savages
a board of directors a host of angels
a body of men a line of kings/rulers
a bunch of crooks a mob of rioters
a caravan of gypsies a pack of rascals
a choir of singers a pack of thieves
a class of pupils a party of friends
a class of students a patrol of policemen
a company of actors a posse of policemen
a company of soldiers a regiment of soldiers
a congregation of worshippers a staff of employees
a crew of sailors a staff of servants
a crowd of spectators a staff of teachers
a crowd of people a team of players
a dynasty of kings a tribe of natives
a galaxy of beautiful women a troop of scouts
a galaxy of film stars a troupe of artistes
a gang of crooks a troupe of dancers
a gang of labourers a troupe of performers
a gang of prisoners a party of friends
a gang of robbers
THINGS
an album of autographs a hail of bullets
an album of photographs a hand of bananas (each a finger)
an album of stamps a harvest of wheat/corn
an anthology of poems a heap of rubbish
an archipelago of islands a heap of ruins
a bale of cotton a hedge of bushes
a bale of wool a heap of stones
a basket of fruit a layer of soil/dirt
a batch of bread a library of books
a battery of guns a line of cars
a block of flats a list of names
a book of exercises a mass of ruins/hair
a book of notes a necklace of pearls
a bouquet of flowers an outfit of clothes
a bowl of rice an orchard of fruit trees
a bunch of bananas a pack of cards
a bunch of flowers a pack of lies
a bunch of grapes a packet of cigarettes
a bunch of keys a packet of letters
a bundle of rags/old clothes a pair of shoes
a bundle of firewood/sticks a pencil of rays
a bundle of hay a quiver of arrows
a catalogue of prices/goods a range of hills
a chain of events a range of mountains
a chain of mountains a ream of paper
a chest of drawers a reel of thread/film
a cloud of dust a roll of film/cloth
a clump of bushes a rope of pearls
a clump of trees a row of houses
a cluster of coconuts a series of events
a cluster of diamonds a set of china
a cluster of grapes a set of clubs
a cluster of stars a set of tools
a clutch of eggs a sheaf of arrows
a collection of coins a sheaf of corn
a collection of curiosities a sheaf of grain
a collection of pictures a sheaf of papers
a collection of relics a sheaf of wheat
a collection of stamps a shower of blows
a column of smoke a shower of rain
a comb of bananas a stack of arms
a compendium of games a stack of corn
a constellation of stars a stack of hay
a cluster of diamonds a stack of timber
a cluster of stars a stack of wood
a clutch of eggs a stock of goods
a crate of fruit a stock of wood
a crop of apples a string of beads
a fall of rain a string of pearls
a fall of snow a suit of clothes
a fleet of motor-cars/taxis a suite of furniture
a fleet of ships a suite of rooms
a flight of aeroplanes a tuft of grass
a flight of steps a tuft of hair
a forest of trees a wad of currency/notes
a galaxy of stars a wreath of flowers
a garland of flowers
a glossary of difficult words/phrases
a group of islands
a grove of trees
CREATURES
an army of ants a litter of kittens
a bevy of quail a litter of puppies
a brood/flock of chicks/chickens a menagerie of wild animals
a catch of fish a muster of peacocks
a cloud of flies a nest of ants
a cloud of insects a nest of mice
a cloud of locusts a nest of rabbits
a colony of gulls a pack of hounds
a drove of cattle a pack of wolves
a drove of horses a plague of insects
a flight of birds a plague of locusts
a flight of doves a pride of lions
a flight of locusts a school of herrings/other small fish
a flight of swallows a school of porpoises
a flock of birds a school of whales
a flock of geese a shoal of fish
a flock of sheep a skein of wild geese in flight
a flock of chickens a string of horses
a gaggle of geese a stud of horses
a haul of fish a swarm of ants
a herd of buffaloes a swarm of bees
a herd of cattle a swarm of insects
a herd of deer a swarm of locusts
a herd of elephants a team of horses
a herd of goats a team of oxen
a herd of swine a train of camels
a hive of bees a tribe of goats
a host of sparrows a troop of lions
a kindle of kittens a troop of monkeys
a litter of cubs a zoo of wild animals
a litter of piglets
List 6 - GenderPEOPLE
MASCULINE FEMININE
actor actress
author authoress
bachelor spinster
boy girl
Boy Scout Girl Guide
brave Squaw
bridegroom bride
brother sister
conductor conductress
count countess
czar czarina
dad mum
daddy mummy
duke duchess
emperor empress
father mother
father-in-law mother-in-law
fiance fiancee
gentleman lady
giant giantess
god goddess
governor matron
grandfather grandmother
headmaster headmistress
heir heiress
hero heroine
host hostess
hunter huntress
husband wife
king queen
lad lass
landlord landlady
lord lady
man woman
manager manageress
manservant maidservant
master mistress
mayor mayoress
milkman milkmaid
millionaire millionairess
monitor monitress
monk nun
Mr. Mrs.
murderer murderess
negro negress
nephew niece
papa mama
poet poetess
policeman policewoman
postman postwoman
postmaster postmistress
priest prietess
prince princess
prophet prophetess
proprietor proprietress
protector protectress
shepherd shepherdess
sir madam
son daughter
son-in-law daughter-in-law
step-father step-mother
step-son step-daughter
steward stewardess
sultan sultana
tailor tailoress
uncle aunt
waiter waitress
washerman washerwoman
widower widow
wizard witch
CREATURES
MASCULINE FEMININE
billy-goat nanny-goat
boar (pig) sow
buck (deer, hare) doe
buck-rabbit doe-rabbit
bull cow
bull-elephant cow-elephant
bull-seal cow-seal
bullock heifer
bull-seal cow-seal
bull-whale cow-whale
cob (swan) pen
cock (rooster) hen
cockerel pullet
cock-pigeon hen-pigeon
cock-sparrow hen-sparrow
colt (young horse) filly
dog bitch
drake duck
drone bee
eagle eagle
fox vixen
gander goose
hawk bowess
he-bear she-bear
he-goat she-goat
he-wolf she-wolf
jack-ass jenny-ass, she-ass
leopard leopardess
lion lioness
peacock peahen
ram (sheep) ewe
stag hind
stallion mare
tiger tigress
tom-cat tabby-cat
turkey-cock turkey-hen
wolf she-wolf
List 7 - Forms of the VerbPRESENT TENSE PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE
arise arising arose arisenawake awaking awoke awokenbe being was/were been
bear bearing bore born, borne
beat beating beat beatenbecome becoming became become
begin beginning began begun
bend bending bent bentbet betting bet betbid bidding bid, bade bid, bade
bind binding bound boundbite biting bit bittenbleed bleeding bled bledblow blowing blew blownbreak breaking broke brokenbreed breeding bred bredbring bringing brought broughtbroadcast broadcasting broadcast broadcast
build building built builtburn burning burned, burnt burned, burnt
burst bursting burst burstbuy buying bought boughtcast casting cast castcatch catching caught caughtchoose choosing chose chosencling clinging clung clungcome coming came comecost costing cost costcreep creeping crept creptcut cutting cut cutdeal dealing dealt dealtdig digging dug dug
dive diving dived, dove dived
do doing did donedraw drawing drew drawndream dreaming dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt
drink drinking drank drunkdrive driving drove drivendwell dwelling dwelt dwelteat eating ate eatenfall falling fell fallenfeed feeding fed fedfeel feeling felt feltfight fighting fought foughtfind finding found foundfit fitting fitted, fit fitflee fleeing fled fledfling flinging flung flungflow flowing flowed flowedfly flying flew flownforbid forbidding forbade forbidden
forecast forecasting forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted
forget forgetting forgot forgotten
forgive forgiving forgave forgivenforego, forgo forgoing forewent foregone
forsake forsaking forsook forsakenfreeze freezing froze frozenget getting got gotgive giving gave givengo going went gonegrab grabbing grabbed grabbedgrind grinding ground groundgrow growing grew grownhang hanging hung hunghang (kill) hanging hanged hanged
have having had hadhear hearing heard heardhide hiding hid hiddenhit hitting hit hithold holding held heldhurt hurting hurt hurtkeep keeping kept kept
kneel kneeling knelt kneltknit knitting knitted knittedknow knowing knew knownlay laying laid laidlead leading led ledlean leaning leaned, leant lean, leant
leap leaping leapt leaptlearn learning learned, learnt learned, learnt
leave leaving left leftlend lending lent lentlet letting let letlie lying lay lainlight lighting lighted, lit lighted, lit
lose losing lost lostmake making made mademean meaning meant meantmeet meeting met metmisspell misspelling misspelled, misspelt
mistake mistaking mistook mistaken
mow mowing mowed mowed, mown
overcome overcoming overcame overcome
overdo overdoing overdid overdone
overtake overtaking overtook overtaken
overthrow overthrowing overthrew overthrown
pay paying paid paidplead pleading pleaded, pled pleaded, pled
prove proving proved proved, proven
put putting put putquit quitting quit, quitted quit, quitted
read reading read readrid ridding rid, ridded rid
ride riding rode riddenring ringing rang rung
misspelled, misspelt
rise rising rose risenrun running ran runsaw sawing sawed sawnsay saying said saidsee seeing saw seenseek seeking sought soughtsell selling sold soldsend sending sent sentset setting set setsew sewing sewed sewed/sewn
shake shaking shook shakenshave shaving shaved shaved, shaven
shear shearing sheared sheared, shorn
shed shedding shed shedshine shining shone shoneshoe shoeing shod shodshoot shooting shot shotshow showing showed shownshrink shrinking shrank shrunkshut shutting shut shutsing singing sang sungsink sinking sank sunksit sitting sat satsleep sleeping slept sleptslay slaying slew slainslide sliding slid slidsling slinging slung slungslit slitting slit slitsmell smelling smelled, smelt smelled, smelt
smite smitting smote smittensow sowing sowed Sownspeak speaking spoke spokenspeed speeding speeded, sped speeded, sped
spell spelling spelled, spelt spelled, spelt
spend spending spent spentspill spilling spilled, spilt spilled, spilt
spin spinning spun spunspit spitting spat spatsplit splitting split splitspoil spoiling spoiled, spoilt spoiled, spoilt
spread spreading spread spread
spring springing sprang sprungstand standing stood stoodsteal stealing stole stolenstick sticking stuck stucksting stinging stung stungstink stinking stank stunkstride striding strode striddenstrike striking struck struckstring stringing strung strungstrive striving strove strivenswear swearing swore swornsweep sweeping swept swept
swell swelling swelled swollenswim swimming swam swum
swing swinging swung swungtake taking took takenteach teaching taught taughttear tearing tore torntell telling told toldthink thinking thought thoughtthrive thriving thrived, throve thrived
throw throwing threw thrownthrust thrusting thrust thrusttread treading trod troddenunderstand understanding understood understood
uphold upholding upheld upheld
upset upsetting upset upset
wake waking woke woken, waked
wear wearing wore wornweave weaving wove wovenwed wedding wed, wedded wed, wedded
weep weeping wept weptwin winning won wonwind winding wound woundwithhold withholding withheld withheld
withstand withstanding withstood withstood
wring wringing wrung wrungwrite writing wrote written
PRESENT TENSE PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE
add adding added addedadvise advising advised advisedagree agreeing agreed agreedallow allowing allowed allowedappear appearing appeared appeared
arrange arranging arranged arranged
arrive arriving arrived arrivedbehave behaving behaved behavedbreathe breathing breathed breathed
care caring cared caredcarry carrying carried carriedcause causing caused causedchange changing changed changedclose closing closed closedcompare comparing compared compared
complete completing completed completed
continue continuing continued continued
copy copying copied copiedcry crying cried crieddance dancing danced danceddie dying died dieddivide dividing divided divideddrop dropping dropped droppedescape escaping escaped escapedfit fitting fitted fittedhand handing handed handedhang (person) hanging hanged hanged
hope hoping hoped hopedhurry hurrying hurried hurriedjoin joining joined joinedjump jumping jumped jumped
laugh laughing laughed laughedlive living lived livedmarry marrying married marriedreply replying replied repliedshow showing showed showedstop stopping stopped stoppedstudy studying studied studiedtalk talking talked talkedtie tying tied tiedtry trying tried trieduse using used usedwait waiting waited waited
PRESENT TENSE PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE
burst bursting burst burstcost costing cost costcut cutting cut cuthit hitting hit hithurt hurting hurt hurtlet letting let letput putting put putread reading read readset setting set setshut shutting shut shutsplit splitting split splitspread spreading spread spread
List 8 - Objects and SoundsOBJECTS SOUNDSaeroplanes/airplanes zoom
bells ring; peal
brakes Screechbugles callbullets pingcanes swishchains clank; rattle
clocks tick; chime
coins clink; jingle
corks popdishes rattle; clatter
doors bang; slam
drums beatfeet tramp; shuffle
fire crackleglass tinkleguns boomheart throb; beat
hinges creakhoofs thunderhorns toot; hoot
kettles singleaves rustlepaper crinkle; rustle
raindrops patter
saws buzzsirens wailsteam hissstreams murmur
telephones buzz
thunder clap; peal; rumble
trains rumbletrumpets blarewatch tickwater bubble; lap; drip
whips crack; lash
wind howl; sigh
wings whir
List 9 - Antonymsabove below hillabroad home humbleabsent present husbandabsent present inaccept refuse includeactive passive increaseadd subtract increaseadmit deny indifferent
adult child inneralive dead insideall none insultallow refuse interested
always never interesting
arrive depart joyasleep awake juniorback front kindbackwards forward kind
bad good knowledge
barren fertile lazy
beautiful ugly leadbefore after leastbegin end leavebent straight lendbest worst levelbetter worse lifebig small liquidblack white longblameless guilty loss
bless curse loudblunt sharp lovebold timid majoritybold timid manyboss employee masculine
bravery cowardice master
break repair mean
bridge tunnel miser
bright dull modernbroad narrow mostbusy idle motorist
buy sell mountain
capture release naturalcatch throw nearcheap dear nevercity country niececlean dirty noiseclever foolish noisycloudy clear normal
clumsy graceful northcoarse fine noticecold hot obey
come go obtaincomedy tragedy oftencomfort disturb oldcommon rare omitcommon unusual open
contract expand ordercool warm overlookcoward hero pardoncowardly bold partcreate destroy pastcry laugh peacedaily nightly pluraldanger safety politedark bright politedawn dusk poorday night powerfuldeep shallow praisedepth height publicdie live publicdifficult easy punishdim bright pupildiscourteous polite purchase
divide multiply pushdoctor patient questiondrunk sober quickdry wet raw
dwarf giant rawearly late real
east west righteasy difficult riseebb flow roughempty full sadenemy friend safe
enjoy dislike safe
entrance exit sameevening morning separateever never severaleverybody nobody silly
everywhere nowhere similar
exit entrance slimfact fiction smilefailure success smilefair dark straightfamous unknown straight
fancy plain strangefar near strongfat thin summerfat skinny sweetfew many sweetfind lose talkfinish start tallfirst last tameflatter insult teachfoe friend teacherfoolish wise theseforeign local thickforget remember this
found lost tightfreeze thaw tinyfresh stale topfresh stale 1friend enemy trustfull vacant truthfuture past undergenerous selfish unusual
give receive up
give take upsetgraceful awkward vacantguilty innocent vacantguilty innocent valuable
happy sad victoryhappy sad villainhard easy warhard soft widehead tail winheavy light wisehell heaven withinhelp hinder workhere there wronghide show yeshigh low young
List 9 – Antonyms (un-)
arm unarm likecertain uncertain lock
comfortable uncomfortable necessary
common uncommon popular
conscious unconscious safe
dress undress screwequal unequal seenfair unfair selfishfold unfold steadyfriendly unfriendly suitable
happy unhappy tidyhealthy unhealthy tie
just unjust 1kind unkind willing
known unknown wise
List 9 – Antonyms (dis-)
agree disagree continue
allow disallow honest
appear disappear like
arm disarm loyalarrange disarrange obey
believe disbelieve order
connect disconnect trust
List 9 – Antonyms (in-)
accurate inaccurate
active inactiveadequate inadequate
admissible inadmissible
attentive inattentive
correct incorrect
List 9 – Antonyms (im-)
mature immature
mobile immobile
moral immoralmortal immortalmovable immovable
patient impatient
perfect imperfect
polite impolite
possible impossible
probable improbable
proper improper
pure impure
List 9 – Antonyms (mis-)
handle mishandle
judge misjudgespell misspellunderstand misunderstand
use misuse
List 9 – Antonyms (-less)
careful carelessharmful harmlesshelpful helplesshopeful hopelesspainful painlesspitiful pitilesspowerful powerless
shameful shameless
useful useless
valleyproudwifeoutexcludedecreasedecreaseinterested
outeroutsidepraisebored
dull
sorrowseniorcruelcruel
ignorance
industrious
followgreatestarriveborrowsteepdeathsolidshortgain
softhateminorityfewfeminine
servant
kind
spendthrift
ancientleastpedestrian
valley
artificialfaralwaysnephewsilencequietabnormal
southignorecommand
giveseldomnewincludeshut/close
chaosnoticepunishwholefuturewarsingularruderuderichweakblameprivateprivaterewardteachersell
pullanswerslowcooked
cookedimaginary
leftfallsmoothcheerfuldangerous
dangerous
differentjoinfewserious
different
fatfrownfrowncrookedcrooked
familiarweakwintersoursourlistenshortwildlearnstudentthosethinthat
loosehugebottom
FALSEdoubtlieoverordinary
down
comfortoccupiedoccupiedworthless
defeatheropeacenarrowlosefoolishwithoutrestrightnoold
List 9 – Antonyms (un-)
unlikeunlock
unnecessary
unpopular
unsafe
unscrewunseenunselfishunsteadyunsuitable
untidyuntie
untrueunwilling
unwise
List 9 – Antonyms (dis-)
discontinue
dishonest
dislike
disloyaldisobey
disorder
distrust
List 9 – Antonyms (in-)
List 9 – Antonyms (im-)
List 9 – Antonyms (mis-)
List 9 – Antonyms (-less)
abduct kidnap leery
abhor detest legacy
above over legible
abridge shorten licentious
abroad overseas listen
abrogate cancel lithe
abstain refrain little
accord agreement livid
admit confess loathe
adversary opponent lofty
affable friendly logo
aggravate worsen look
agree consent loquacious
air discuss lost
akin related loving
alive lively loyal
allocate distribute lucrative
allow permit ludicrous
also too luminous
ameliorate improve lure
amount quantity luster
annul cancel luxuriant
answer response macabre
appease pacify mad
arraign indict maelstrom
LIST 10 – SYNONYMS
ask Inquire, request magnitude
assembly gathering malice
assent agree margin
attire dress meager
avarice greed mean
baby infant messy
bad evil middle
badger pester misshapen
beg implore moral
begin commence morsel
behaviour conduct mundane
belief opinion name
benevolent kind narrate
berate scold near
big large nefarious
bilk swindle negate
blamed accused negligible
blank empty nepotism
bliss happiness new
bottom foot noisy
brave daring, bold noted
brawn strength obey
bright shinning obstinate
broad wide odyssey
brook tolerate often
bucolic rustic old
build construct omen
busy active omnipotent
buy purchase omniscient
calamity disaster oppress
canon rule opulence
capitulate surrender oral
careen swerve orator
careful cautious outset
careful cautious outside
castigate criticize ovation
catastrophic disastrous pacify
catch capture paltry
caucus meeting pandemic
cavort frolic paranormal
cede Relinquish parcel
celestial heavenly part
centre middle patent
champion winner paucity
change alter peddle
cheat deceive pen
chide scold perhaps
choose select perilous
chubby plump perish
circumspect cautious persevere
clemency forgiveness pertinent
clergyman minister pick
close near pious
clothes dress placate
clout influence plentiful
coagulate thicken policeman
coddle pamper polite
coercion force poor
collusion conspiracy port
commend praise portion
commodity product praise
compulsory obligatory prank
concise brief pretty
concur agree protect
confer bestow pull
conversant familiar purloin
converse opposite push
copy imitate putrefy
cordial friendly quack
correct accurate qualms
courtesan prostitute quay
covert secret queen
crave desire queue
culvert drain quick
cunning sly quiet
cure remedy quill
curtail shorten quip
damp moist rare
dangerous risky rarely
deadly fatal rash
dear expensive read
dearth scarcity ready
debilitate weaken real
deceive trick reap
decimate destroy rebuke
decipher decode receptacle
decrease reduce reckless
deduce conclude recollect
deleterious harmful rectify
delude deceive recur
demeanour behaviour red
demise death reek
demobilize disband regal
demoralize dishearten rein
denigrate defame rejoice
denounce condemn relic
depart leave remain
deplete exhaust remedial
deride ridicule remember
desecrate profane remnant
desiccate dehydrate remorse
despot tyrant renown
destitute poor replenish
detain confine retain
detrimental harmful revenue
devise plan rich
devout pious rift
diabolical devilish riot
diffident shy roam
discernible visible robust
discreet prudent rostrum
disease sickness rough
disfigure mar round
dismal gloomy rude
disorder chaos rue
dispatch send rule
disperse scatter ruse
disseminate distribute rustic
distend swell sack
distract divert sad
diversity variety safe
divulge disclose saga
dodder tremble sanction
dull gloomy saturate
dumb mute savour
duress coercion scant
eatable edible scared
ebb recede scatter
eccentric odd, weird schism
edifice building scion
efficacious effective scorn
egocentric self-centered sear
electorate voters secede
elucidate explain seclusion
elude evade seduce
empty vacant seldom
end conclusion semblance
enemy foe separate
enough sufficient serene
ensnare trap, lure sham
enterprise undertaking sheen
entice lure short
entreat plead shorten
envoy messenger show
ephemeral short-lived shun
epoch era sibling
equitable fair sick
error mistake siege
escape elude silent
exorbitant expensive silly
exorcise expel simple
fable myth sinister
fall drop site
0 untrue, wrong skeptical
fantasy daydream slay
far distant sleepy
feather plume slim
feign pretend sloth
fertile fruitful smart
fidelity loyalty smell
fierce ferocious smite
fight battle snare
filch steal snub
find discover sovereign
first initial specimen
fiscal monetary squalid
flagellate whip squander
float drift static
force compel steed
foretell predict stern
free release stick
friend companion, ally stifle
friend ally stimulate
funny amusing stingy
furtive stealthy stop
gain profit strange
game recreation strife
gargantuan large strive
garrulous talkative strong
gather collect student
gay cheerful studious
general common style
genesis beginning subdue
ghastly horrible submit
give donate subside
glad happy succulent
glaring dazzling superb
gnarl deform surmount
gory bloody surprise
guest visitor surrender
guffaw laughter surround
habit custom susceptible
habituate accustom sustenance
hale healthy swamp
hallucination delusion taint
hamper obstruct talk
hapless unlucky talon
harangue tirade tangible
hard difficult tarnish
hate detest taut
haven refuge teach
height altitude teacher
help assist tedious
herald harbinger tempest
hew cut tempo
hide conceal tempt
hideous horrible tenet
high tall tepid
home residence terse
hone sharpen tested
horde group thief
hue colour thin
hug embrace thrive
huge enormous throng
humane compassionate titillate
hygienic sanitary titular
hyperbole exaggeration toil
idiosyncrasy peculiarity top
illicit unlawful trail
illimitable limitless tranquilize
illustrious famous transient
imbibe drink transitory
imitate copy traverse
immaterial irrelevant trek
immense huge trick
impale pierce trite
impasse deadlock trust
impassive calm try
impeccable faultless twain
impede hinder tyrannical
impending imminent ubiquitous
imperil endanger ulterior
implicate incriminate unassuming
implore entreat uncanny
inculcate instill under
incursion raid undermine
indelible permanent underscore
indigent poor understand
indiscriminate random unduly
indolent lazy unison
industrious hardworking usually
inexorable relentless utter
infamous notorious vacant
infamy shame vacillate
infer conclude vain
infirmity ailment valiant
influx inflow value
infraction violation vanish
infuriate enrage vanquish
inhibit restrain vehement
iniquitous unjust vendetta
initiate begin venom
inkling hint venue
innate inborn verbose
innocuous harmless verdict
innuendo insinuation veto
inordinate excessive vex
inquisitive curious vicious
inscribe engrave victory
inside interior vie
insignia emblems vilify
insolvent bankrupt virile
instigate incite vital
inter bury vocation
interesting fascinating vogue
intrepid fearless volatile
intricate complex vulgarity
intrigue plot vulnerable
intrinsic inherent wager
inundate flood wages
involve implicate waive
irate angry wallow
irrational illogical want
jeer mock watch
jest joke weak
jocular humorous wet
join connect whet
jostle push whole
judicious prudent wither
jump leap wonder
just fair woo
kudos acclaim wrath
last final wrest
lazy indolent writ
least minimum yearly
leave abandon young
cautious
bequest
readable
lewd
hear
supple
small
enraged
abhor
high
symbol
see
talkative
misplaced
fond
TRUE
profitable
absurd
bright
entice
gloss
lush
gruesome
insane
whirlpool
size
spite
edge
scanty
cruel
untidy
center
deformed
ethical
piece
ordinary
title
tell
close
evil
cancel
insignificant
favouritism
unused, modern
rowdy
well-known
submit
stubborn
journey
frequently
ancient
sign
all-powerful
all-knowing
persecute
wealth
verbal
speaker
beginning
exterior
applause
appease
scarce
widespread
supernatural
package
portion
obvious
scarcity
sell
write
maybe
dangerous
die
persist
relevant
choose
devout
appease
abundant
constable
courteous
destitute
harbour
piece
compliment
joke
beautiful,
attractive
guard
drag
steal
thrust
decay
charlatan
misgivings
wharf
empress
line
rapid
peaceful
feather
joke
scarce
seldom
hasty
peruse
alert
genuine
harvest
reprimand
container
rash
remember
correct
repeat
ruddy
smell
royal
curb
celebrate
antique
stay
corrective
recollect
residue
guilt
fame
refill
keep
income
wealthy
split
revolt
wander
vigorous
podium
coarse
circular
impolite
regret
govern
trick
rural
pillage
unhappy
secure
story
approval
soak
relish
inadequate
frightened
disperse
rift
offspring
disdain
burn
withdraw
solitude
lure
rarely
likeness
sever
peaceful
pretense
luster
brief
abbreviate
exhibit
avoid
brother/sister
ill
blockage
quiet
foolish
easy
evil
location
doubtful
kill
drowsy
slender
laziness
intelligent
scent
strike
trap
ignore
monarch
sample
filthy
waste
inactive
horse
strict
adhere
suppress
excite
miserly
halt
odd
conflict
endeavour
powerful
pupil
diligent
fashion
conquer
yield
diminish
juicy
excellent
overcome
astonishment
yield
encircle
vulnerable
food
marsh
pollute
conversation
claw
touchable
taint
tight
educate
instructor
boring
storm
speed
entice
doctrine
lukewarm
concise
tried
burglar
lean
prosper
crowd
arouse
figurehead
drudgery
summit
path
calm, anesthetize
temporary
fleeting
cross
journey
hoax
commonplace
believe
attempt
two
dictatorial
omnipresent
hidden, covert
modest
mysterious
beneath
weaken
emphasize
comprehend
excessive
together
generally
complete
empty
waver
unsuccessful
brave
worth
disappear
conquer
adamant
feud
poison
location
wordy
decision
reject
annoy
evil, cruel
triumph
compete
defame
manly, strong
necessary
occupation
fashion
unstable
obscenity
susceptible
bet
salary
forgo
indulge
need
look
feeble
damp
stimulate
entire
shrivel
amazement
court
anger, fury
snatch
summons
annually
youthful
air heir loan lone
ail ale made maid
allowed aloud mail male
arc ark main mane
ate eight meat meet
bad bade medal meddle
bail bale missed mist
bald bawled muscle mussel
ball bawl none nun
bare bear oar ore
beach beech one won
bean been pail pale
bear bare pain pane
beat beet pair pear
bee be patience patients
beet beat peace piece
bell belle peal peel
berry bury plain plane
birth berth plane plain
blue blew pore pour
boar bore practice practise
board bored praise prays
bough bow pray prey
bow bough principal principle
boy buoy profit prophet
brake break rain reign
buy by/bye rap wrap
ceiling sealing read reed
cell sell read red
cent sent right write
cheap cheep ring wring
check cheque road rode
coarse course role roll
cord chord root route
dear deer rose rows
die dye sale sail
dun done scene seen
LIST 11 – HOMONYMS
Dye die sea see
ewe you seam seem
eye I sew sow
fair fare sight site
feat feet soar sore
find fined sole soul
flea flee son sun
flew flu soot suit
flour flower stair stare
flower flour stake steak
fool full steal steel
fore four stile style
forth fourth suite sweet
foul fowl tail tale
fur fir tear tier
gait gate their there
grate great threw through
groan grown throne thrown
hair hare tide tied
hall haul to two
heal heel told tolled
hear here too to, two
heard herd towed toad
here hear urn earn
higher hire vain vein
him hymn vale veil
hole whole vein vane, vain
hour our waist waste
idle idol wait weight
key quay way weigh
knew new weak week
knight night wear where
knot not whole hole
know no witch which
lain lane wood would
lead led write right
leak leek yoke yolk
lessen lesson yore your
ADULT (ANIMALS) YOUNG
bear cubboar piglet, pigling
buck (rabbit) rack
buffalo calfbull (cattle) calf
bull (elephant) calf
camel calfcat kittencow calfdeer fawndog puppyelephant calffox cubgiraffe calfgoat kidhippopotamus calf
horse foalkangaroo joeyleopard cublion cubpig pigletpossum joeyrat puprhinoceros calf
seal pupsheep lambstallion foaltiger cubwallaby joeywolf cubzebra foal
LIST 12 – PARENT AND YOUNG
ADULT (BIRD) YOUNG
bird fledgling, nestling
cock chickencock (pigeon) squab
drake ducklingeagle eagletgander goslinggoose goslinggrouse poult, cheeper
ostrich chickowl owletpartridge poultpheasant poultpigeon squabswan cygnetturkey poult
ADULT (INSECTS) YOUNG
ant grubbee grubbeetle grubbutterfly caterpillar
cockroach nymph
dragonfly nymph
grasshopper nymph
housefly maggotmosquito wriggler
moth caterpillar
ADULT (FISH) YOUNG
eel elveroyster spatshark cubtrout frywhale calf
ADULT (AMPHIBIAN) YOUNG
frog tadpoletoad tadpoleturtle hatchling
HOMES OF PEOPLE
People Home
boarder boarding houseconvict prisonEskimo igloogypsy caravanking palace
lodger lodging house
lumberman/jack log cabinlunatic asylumman house
monk monasterynoble castlenomad tent
nun convent/nunnery
parson parsonagepatient hospitalpeasant cottagepioneer wagonpriest templeprisoner cell
Red Indian wigwam, tepee
soldier barracks, campstudent hostel
traveller hotel, inn, rest-house
List 13 - Homes of People & Creatures
HOMES OF CREATURES
Creature Home
ant nest, ant-hill
ape tree-nestbear denbeaver lodgebee hivebird nestchicken coop
cow byre, pendog kennel
eagle eyrie/aerie
earthworm soilfish waterfowl coopfox lairhare formhorse stablelion lair, denmole fortress
mouse hole, nestotter lodge
owl barn, nestpig sty
pigeon dovecote
rabbit (tame) hutch
rabbit (wild) burrow, warrensheep pensnail shellspider websquirrel dreytiger lairtortoise shellturtle shellwasp nest
List 15 - Forming Abstract NounsCommon Noun Abstract Noun Common Noun
brother brotherhood man
child childhood member
friend friendship mother
king kingship neighbor
leader leadership scholar
Verb Abstract Noun Verb
behave behavior losedie death marryfree freedom pleasegrow growth sellknow knowledge speak
laugh laughter think
Adjective Abstract Noun Adjective
angry anger newbeautiful beauty strongbrave bravery thirstygreat greatness 1
happy happiness unique
hungry hunger weak
king kindness wide
long length wise
Abstract Noun
manhood
membership
motherhood
neighborhood
scholarship
Abstract Noun
lossmarriagepleasuresalespeech
thought
Abstract Noun
newnessstrengththirsttruth
uniqueness
weakness
width
wisdom
List 16 - The Plurals of NounsBy adding -sSingular Plural Singularant ants lockbicycle bicycles magazine
cow cows nosedaughter daughters orange
egg eggs pictureflower flowers rosegrape grapes spoonful
house houses toyjug jugs vaseking kings well
By adding -es to nouns ending in –ch, -s, -sh, -ss, and -x
Singular Plural Singularbeach beaches dishinch inches thrushmatch matches bosswatch watches dressbus buses glassoctopus octopuses kiss
syllabus syllabuses box
virus viruses foxbrush brushes sixbush bushes tax
By adding –s to nouns ending in -oSingular Plural Singular
dynamo dynamos studiophoto photos tattoopiano pianos torsoradio radios triosolo solos zero
By adding -–es to nouns ending in -oSingular Plural Singularbuffalo buffaloes potato
echo echoes tomato
hero heroes tornado
mosquito mosquitoes veto
negro negroes
By adding –s or –es to nouns ending in -oSingular Plural Singularbanjo banjos/banjoes memento
archipelago archipelagos/es peccadillo
cargo cargos/cargoes lasso
mango mango/mangoes indigo
motto mottos/mottoes volcano
By changing –y into –ies if a noun ends in a consonant before the -y
Singular Plural Singular
beauty beauties fairycherry cherries familycurry curries nappydiary diaries spyduty duties theory
By adding –s if there is a vowel before the -y
Singular Plural Singularchimney chimneys kidney
donkey donkeys monkeyguy guys toyjersey jerseys trolleykey keys valley
By changing –f or –fe into –vesSingular Plural Singularcalf calves lifeelf elves loafhalf halves sheafknife knives thiefleaf leaves wife
By adding –s to nouns ending in –f or –feSingular Plural Singularchef chef handcuff
chief chiefs reefcliff cliffs roofgiraffe giraffes safegulf gulfs sheriff
By adding –s or changing –f into –ves
Singular Pluraldwarf dwarf/dwarves
handkerchief Handkerchiefs/ves
hoof hoof/hooves
scarf scarfs/scarves
turf turfs/turves
wharf wharfs/wharves
By changing the vowelsSingular Plural Singularaxis axes goosecactus cacti lousecrisis crises mouseemporium emporia/emporiums oasis
fungus fungus/funguses tooth
By adding –en or –renSingular Plural Singularox oxen child
By changing the vowelsSingular Plural Singular
axis axes goosecactus cacti lousecrisis crises mouseemporium emporia/emporiums oasis
fungus fungi/funguses tooth
* For computer mouse, the plural is mice or mouses.
The plural and singular forms of some nouns are the same
advice advice knowledge
aircraft aircraft musicbaggage baggage newscattle cattle offspringcod cod scenerydeer deer seriesfish fish** sheepfurniture furniture speciesinformation information
By adding -sPlurallocksmagazines
nosesoranges
picturesrosesspoonfuls
toysvaseswells
By adding -es to nouns ending in –ch, -s, -sh, -ss, and -x
Pluraldishesthrushesbossesdressesglasseskisses
boxes
foxessixestaxes
By adding –s to nouns ending in -oPlural
studiostattoostorsostrioszeros
By adding -–es to nouns ending in -oPluralpotatoes
tomatoes
tornadoes
vetoes
By adding –s or –es to nouns ending in -oPluralmementos/mementoes
peccadillos/es
lassos/lassoes
Indigos/indigoes
volcanos/volcanoes
By changing –y into –ies if a noun ends in a consonant before the -y
Plural
fairiesfamiliesnappiesspiestheories
By adding –s if there is a vowel before the -y
Pluralkidneys
monkeystoystrolleysvalleys
By changing –f or –fe into –vesPlurallivesloavessheavesthieveswives
By adding –s to nouns ending in –f or –fePluralhandcuffs
reefsroofssafessheriffs
By changing the vowelsPluralgeeselicemiceoases
teeth
By adding –en or –renPluralchildren
By changing the vowelsPlural
geeselicemice*oases
teeth
* For computer mouse, the plural is mice or mouses.
The plural and singular forms of some nouns are the same
knowledge
musicnewsoffspringsceneryseriessheepspecies
List 17 - The Comparison of AdjectivesPositive Comparative Superlative
big bigger biggestblack blacker blackestbold bolder boldestbrave braver bravestbright brighter brightestbusy busier busiestclean cleaner cleanestclear clearer clearestclever cleverer cleverestcold colder coldestcool cooler coolestdark darker darkestdear dearer dearestdeep deeper deepestdirty dirtier dirtiestdry drier driesteasy easier easiestfair fairer fairestfast faster fastestfat fatter fattestfine finer finestfunny funnier funniestgreat greater greatestgreen greener greenesthappy happier happiesthard harder hardesthealthy healthier healthiest
heavy heavier heaviesthigh higher highesthot hotter hottestkind kinder kindestlarge larger largestlate later latestlazy lazier laziestlight lighter lightestlong longer longestlow lower lowestlucky luckier luckiest
mad madder maddestmerry merrier merriestnarrow narrower narrowest
naughty naughtier naughtiest
near nearer nearestnew newer newestnoisy noisier noisiestold older oldestpale paler palestpoor poorer poorestpretty prettier prettiestproud prouder proudestquick quicker quickestred redder reddestrich richer richestsad sadder saddestsafe safer safestshallow shallower shallowest
sharp sharper sharpestshort shorter shortestslow slower slowestsmall smaller smallestsmooth smoother smoothest
strong stronger strongest
sweet sweeter sweetesttall taller tallestthick thicker thickestthin thinner thinnesttiny tinier tiniestugly uglier ugliestwarm warmer warmestwealthy wealthier wealthiest
wet wetter wettestwhite whiter whitestwide wider widestwild wilder wildestwise wiser wisestyoung younger youngest
Positive Comparative Superlative
ancient more ancient most ancient
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
brilliant more brilliant most brilliant
careful more careful most careful
careless more careless most careless
cheerful more cheerful most cheerful
comfortable more comfortable most comfortable
dangerous more dangerous most dangerous
delightful more delightful most delightful
difficult more difficult most difficult
enjoyable more enjoyable most enjoyable
foolish more foolish most foolish
forgetful more forgetful most forgetful
frightening more frightening most frightening
generous more generous most generous
handsome more handsome most handsome
helpful more helpful most helpful
ignorant more ignorant most ignorant
important more important most important
intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
interesting more interesting most interesting
pleasant more pleasant most pleasant
powerful more powerful most powerful
prosperous more prosperous most prosperous
sensible more sensible most sensible
terrible more terrible most terrible
thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful
unusual more unusual most unusual
useful more useful most useful
valuable more valuable most valuable
wonderful more wonderful most wonderful
Positive Comparative Superlative
bad worse worstfar farther farthestfar further furthestgood better bestlittle less leastmany more mostmuch more most