BADAN TENAGA NUKLIR NASIONAL / National Nuclear Energy Agency JL. KUNINGAN BARAT, MAMPANG PRAPATAN, JAKARTA 12710, TELPON: 5255213

Presented at INPRO Dialogue Forum on Nuclear Energy Innovative

10 – 14 October 2011, IAEA, Vienna, Austria

User Consideration on SMRs Regarding Nuclear

Power Plants Deployment in Indonesia

Adiwardojo

1. Introduction of Nuclear Power

• Indonesia has for a long period planned for the introduction of nuclear power.

• Act No 10 of 1997 on Nuclear Energy. This is the primary legislation in Indonesia

• Act No. 17 of 2007 on Long-Term National Development Plan of Indonesia for 2005 to 2025. This is the basis act of establishing long term commitment for the use of nuclear energy to meet national energy demand.

• Indonesia performed self-assessment on National Nuclear Infrastructure prior to Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review and IAEA-INIR mission was held in November 2009

• Action Plan Phase 2 status IFR have been prepared

Nuclear Infrastructure

Development Program (Nov 2009)

Phase 1

Consideration

before a decision to

launch a nuclear

power programme

is taken

Phase 2

Preparatory work

for the construction

of a NPP after a

policy decision has

been taken

Phase 3

Activities to

implement a first

NPP

Maintenance and

continuous

infrastructure

improvement

Pre Project Project Decision

Making Construction Operation/

decommissioning

Nulear power

option included

within the

national energy

strategy

Milestone 1

Ready to make a

knowledgeable

commitment to a nuclear

programme

Milestone 2

Ready to invite bids

for the first NPP

Milestone 3

Ready to commission and

operate the first NPP

10-15 years

Pres.Reg. 5/2006

Act. 17/2007

Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning

Infr

astr

uctu

re

De

ve

lop

me

nt

Pro

gra

m

1st N

PP

Pro

ject

Status

NPP Dev

FOUNDATION PHYLOSOPHY

• APPLICATION AND

DEVELOPMENT IN

NUCLEAR SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY IS FOR

PEACEFUL USES ONLY

• SAFETY & SECURITY IS

THE PRIME

CONSIDERATION

• DEMAND DRIVEN AND

STAKEHOLDER

SATISFACTION

Energy Diversification

– Diversity primary energy use for power generation and reduce fossil fuel dependency (esp. Oil)

Energy Conservation

– Energy efficiency to reduce total domestic energy and electricity demand and increase added value

Environmental Protection

– Reduce SOx, NOx and Green-House-Gases emission to support sustainable development and minimize externalities

Energy Security and Climate Change Mitigation

THE NECESSITY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

Electricity Production Cost

– Economically competitive and stabilize electricity tariff.

Acquiring of High-Tech Power Generation

– High Technology utilization will increase national industrial capacity

Note : Optimum Energy Mix with non-discriminative

and non-depletion to realize security of energy supply

and to mitigate climate change in order to support

national sustainable development

2. National Energy Policy

19

NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYNATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

SUPPLY SIDE

POLICY

SUPPLY SIDE

POLICY

DEMAND SIDE

POLICY

DEMAND SIDE

POLICY

SECURITY OF

SUPPLY

SECURITY OF

SUPPLY

SOCIETY

AWARENESS

SOCIETY

AWARENESS

ENERGY PRICEENERGY PRICE

PRODUCTION

EXPLORATION

PRODUCTION

EXPLORATION

CONSERVATION

(PRODUCTION

OPTIMIZING)

CONSERVATION

(PRODUCTION

OPTIMIZING)

DIRECT SUBSIDYDIRECT SUBSIDY

DIVERSIFICATIONDIVERSIFICATION

CONSERVATION

(EFFICIENCY)

CONSERVATION

(EFFICIENCY)

20

Natural Gas, 28.57%

Coal, 15.34%

Oil51.66%

Geothermal Power, 1.32%

Hydro Power, 3.11%

ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025

OPTIMIZING

ENERGY

MANAGEMENT

National (Primary) Energy Mix

National (Primary) Energy Mix of 2025

(BaU Scenario)

PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO. 5 YEAR 2006PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO. 5 YEAR 2006

NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYNATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

Coal, 34.6%

Oil, 41.7%

Geothermal Power, 1.1%

Mini/micro Hydro Power, 0.1%

Power Plant, 1.9%

National Energy Mix 2025

(Presidential Regulation Scenario)

Coal, 33%

Natural Gas, 20.6%

Natural Gas,

30%

Geothermal Power, 5%

Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro

Solar Power, Wind Power,

5%

Oil, 20%

Biofuel, 5%

Coal Liquefaction, 2%

NRE,17%

22

Wind

New and Renewable

Energy

17%5%

5%

2%

5%

Biofuel

Geothermal

Other New and

Renewable Energy NuclearHydroSolar

CBM

Biomass

NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTNEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT(In accordance with the Presidential Regulation No. 5/2006)

Coal Liquefaction

3. Summary of Tentative UC

Objective :

1. To Improve understanding between technology users

and holder by conveying users’ common needs to

technology holders and subsequently to consider

necessary actions together to fulfill the need.

2. To define common characteristics needed by

Indonesia for large and Medium as well as Small Scale

Nuclear Power Plants.

3. To develop group of User Criteria

Fulfilment of

hierarchy

Hierarchy of demands on innovative designs

In INPRO methodology

Group of User Criteria :

1. High Level requirements According to National

Criteria for NPP.

2. Requirements Related to Fuel Cycle Options.

3. Requirements Related to Safety and Regulatory.

4. Requirements Related to Technology Transfers and

Human Resources Development.

5. Requirements for Small and Medium Scale of NPP.

3. Requirement and Concern

3.1. Requirements According to National Criteria for NPP.

1. Nuclear option is consider important from energy

security, environmental sustainability, diversification point of view and economically competitive.

2. Meet the best safety standards at time of deployment.

3. NPP system must be proven.

4. Electricity generation cost from NPP must be lower than that from other energy sources in the same region.

5. Improve national capability in technology know-how, gradually increase in national participation on step by step basis.

3.2. Requirements Related to Fuel Cycle

Options.

1. Assurance of fuel supply at reasonable cost is very

much concern. In general all fuel cycle options (except

for closed fuel cycles) are open for consideration at

this time.

2. Strong commitment to IAEA’s guideline on safeguard.

3. 1st core fuel provided by vendor and reloads possibly

provided by domestic supplier.

4. Management of spent fuel needs to be handled

carefully based on best international practice.

3.3. Requirements Related to Safety & Regulatory

1. Design of NPP satisfies the design proveness requirement.

2. Meet the best safety standards and should follow the best safety analysis approach / method at time deployment.

3. Must comply with national regulation, country of origin and IAEA safety standards.

4. Passive safety system are believed to provide better safety without increase in cost. Passive safety system are therefore preferred but only proven ones can be incorporated.

3.4. Requirement Related to Technology

Transfer & HRD

1. Technology transfer/training is required to achieve

understanding in design, manufacturing, operation,

maintenance, safety analysis, licensing etc.

2. Participation by domestic company in civil work to start

from the 1st unit. local participation for subsequent

units will increase gradually.

Note :

25 % local participation in 1st two units.

40 % local participation in next 4 units.

• Power ranging from Small to Medium (should not exceed 5-10% of the grid capacity) especially for outside Java Island

• Meet legal requirement (National and International)

• Simple and proven technology.

• Significant participation of the local industry during construction and assured local technology and supply for operation and maintenance.

• Small number of qualified manpower for operation and maintenance.

• SMR for coogeneration.

General User Requirement

3.5. Requirements for Small and Medium

Sized NPP

• Use low enrichment uranium and open fuel cycle

• Defence in Depth and multi barriers approach for safety, security and safeguards.

• Inherent and passive safety feature and passive systems incorporated in the design

• Assurance of reliable fuel supply

• Financial support ( Non conventional Financial Scheme ).

• Etc .

Integrated R&D activities on Advanced Reactor : To

master of the reactor technology in line with the

development of advaced reactor in the world.

UNIVERSITIES :

- ITB : Pb-Bi Cooled Reactor

- UGM : Molten Salt Reactor

BATAN : High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor.

4. Nuclear Energy Innovations

Development in Indonesia

• IFAR will promote national and international cooperation

for Innovative Nuclear Energy System (INS)

development and deployment ( Universities, BATAN,

IAEA ).

• IFAR will also provide a forum where experts and policy

makers can discuss technical and social aspect of

nuclear energy as well as the development and

deployment of INS in the future

• Indonesia as one of International Project on Innovative

Nuclear Reactor and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) Members,

continue to support the IAEA’s INPRO activities to meet

the global energy demand and promote sustainable

economic and social development.

Small & Medium-Sized NPP in Indonesia

Nuclear option is consider importance from energy security, environment sustainability, diversification point of view and economically competitive.

Meet the legal requirements ( national & international ) and technical requirements ( meet the best safety, security and safeguards standards at time of deployment ).

5. General Conclusion

It will be utilized not only for electricity generation but also for the following application : Sea water desalination, Coal Liquefaction, Hydrogen production and Steam for enhanced oil recovery.

It must be proven and meet local grid size and economic requirement ( electricity generation cost from NPP must be lower than that from other energy sources in the same region ).

Easy to construct, operate, maintenance and improve national capability in technology know how, gradually increase in national participation on step by step basis.

Flexible financing arrangement ( soft loan and vendor participation in the investment ).

Requirements for Small NPP in Smaller Grid.

30

MAJOR POWER PLANTS AND ELECTRICITY GRIDSMAJOR POWER PLANTS AND ELECTRICITY GRIDS

Existing Transmission

Planned Transmission

Power Plant

Grissik Palembang

Semarang

Pacific Ocean

AUSTRALIA

Indian Ocean

Bangkok

Phnom

Penh

Ban Mabtapud

Ho Chi

Minh City

CAMBODIA

VIETNAM

THAILAND LAOS

Khanon

Songkhla

Erawan

Bangkot

LawitJerneh

WEST

MALAYSIA

Penang

Kerteh

Kuala

Lumpur

Manila

Philipines

South

China

Sea

NatunaAlpha

Kota KinibaluBRUNEI

Bandara Seri

Begawan

Bintulu

EASTMALAYSIA

Kuching

Banda Aceh

Lhokseumawe

Medan

Duri

Padang

S U M

A T

R A Jambi

BintanSINGAPORE

Samarinda

Balikpapan

Bontang

Attaka

TunuBekapai

KALIMANTAN

Banjarmasin

Manado

SULAWESI

UjungPandang

BURU SERAM

Ternate HALMAHERA

Sorong

PAPUA

JakartaJ A V A

Surabaya

Bangkalan

BALI SUMBAWA

Pagerungan

LOMBOK

FLORES

SUMBATIMOR

I N D O N E S I A

Duyong

West Natuna

Port Dickson

Port Klang

Mogpu

Dumai

Batam

Guntong

MADURA

TOTALCAPACITY

24,000 MW

Total Java-Bali : 18,500 MW

Total Sumatera : 3,200 MW

Total Kalimantan : 800 MW

Total Sulawesi : 650 MWJayapura

Merauke

THANK YOU