user requirements for gnss interoperability at global, regional, national and local scales matt...
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User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability
at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales
Matt HigginsCo-Chair of Working Group D of theInternational Committee on GNSS
andPresident IGNSS Society of Australia
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User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability
at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales
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National PerspectiveGlobal PerspectiveRegional PerspectiveLocal Perspective
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User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability
at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales
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User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability
at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales
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• Interoperability refers to the ability of open global and regional satellite navigation and timing services to be used together to provide better capabilities at the user level than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal. • Ideal interoperability allows navigation with signals from at least four different
systems with no additional receiver cost or complexity. • Common centre frequencies are essential to interoperability, and commonality of
other signal characteristics is desirable. • Multiple constellations broadcasting interoperable open signals will result in
improved observed geometry, increasing end user accuracy everywhere and improving service availability in environments where satellite visibility is often obscured.
• Geodetic reference frames and system time standards should also be considered. • Any additional solutions to improve interoperability are encouraged.
UN ICG Definition: Interoperability
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User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability
at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales
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• Can be classified in terms of Accuracy and ReliabilityUser Requirements
Accu
racy
Req
uire
men
t
L
ow
Med
ium
Hig
h
Low Medium High
Reliability Requirement
MassMarket
Surveying
Aviation
Surveying and Machine Guidance
…or more generically…Precise Positioning
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User RequirementsMeeting this huge demand requires
GNSS EnabledAutomation
GDP Growth vs Steel DemandMultiply per capita by Population and China already consumes 8 times more steel than South Korea!
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User RequirementsAc
cura
cy R
equi
rem
ent
Low
M
ediu
m
H
igh
Low Medium High
Reliability Requirement
SBAS, GBAS,
RAIM
More Signals
Better InfrastructurePrecise Positioning
Aviation
GLONASS Arriving,
Dual Frequency?
What will theNext Wave of
Demanding Users Require?
MassMarket
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• Accuracy• Reliability
Requirements from Interoperability
• Availability
Constellations GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Compass, QZSS, WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN, IRNSS (Source Rizos, 2009)
GPS satellite GPS satellite
GPS users (car navigation etc.)
Comparable signal with GPS
satellite
Quasi-Zenith Satellite
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• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability
Requirements from Interoperability
• Performance
Signal Strength Multipath
Mitigation Robustness to
Jamming
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• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability• Performance
Requirements from Interoperability
• Functionality
Don’t just need copies of GPS; New functionality will bring
new innovations; Galileo - Search and Rescue
Service; QZSS – downlink capability.
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• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability• Performance
Requirements from Interoperability
• Functionality
Beidou - SMS capability is a simple but powerful enhancement (740,000 messages in the wake of the Sichuan Earthquake).
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So what are the “Enablers”
for these improvements promised by
Interoperability?
• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability• Performance• Functionality
Requirements from Interoperability
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Global EnablersRegional EnablersNational EnablersLocal Enablers
• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability• Performance• Functionality
Requirements from Interoperability
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Systems/Infrastructure: GNSS Space Segments; GNSS Control Segments; GNSS Ground Segments;
User Access: Signal characteristics such as
common centre frequencies; Affordable user equipment;
Institutional Arrangements: Bi-Lateral Agreements; Multi-Lateral Agreements;
Global Enablers Capacity Development:
International Conferences; R&D Cooperation; Assisting Developing Countries;
Standards: Data Formats; Global Scientific Services
(GGOS); Consistent System Times or at
least published offsets; Consistent Geodetic Reference
Frames or at least published alignments.
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Regional Enablers Systems/Infrastructure:
RNSS ~ all three segments; Space Based Augmentation
Systems; Regional Reference Stations;
User Access: RNSS signals that are
interoperable with GNSS; Institutional Arrangements:
Capacity Development: Regional Conferences and cross
fertilisation between National Conferences;
R&D Cooperation; Assisting Developing Countries;
Standards: Regional Geodetic Reference
Frames such as APREF in the Asia Pacific and the supporting infrastructure;
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National Enablers Systems/Infrastructure:
Hosting of GNSS, RNSS or SBAS Monitoring Stations;
National components of regional Augmentation Systems;
National Networks of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS);
User Access: GNSS Augmentation Users
require Communications coverage;
Institutional Arrangements: Legislation and Policies; National Space Agencies; GNSS Coordination Activities;
Capacity Development: National Conferences; GNSS R&D Funding and
Cooperation; Industry Development; Innovation competitions;
Standards: Legislation and Policies; “GNSS Ready” Geodetic
Reference Frame.
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Local Enablers Systems/Infrastructure:
Local Augmentation Systems (GNSS and non-GNSS);
Real Time Positioning Services based on dense CORS Networks;
User Access: Local Communication
Solutions to support GNSS and non-GNSS Augmentation;
Local equipment supply and support;
Institutional Arrangements: Industry Clusters for local
niche applications; Local User Groups;
Capacity Development: Schools; Universities ~ GNSS Courses plus
R&D for local niche industries; In-House Training; Local Workshops;
Standards: Legislation and Policies; Project Specifications;
Positioning Infrastructure is based on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems…
Telstra NextG Queensland Coverage
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Achieving Full Interoperability
Glo
bal
Loca
l
Nati
onal
Regi
onal
Enablers Infrastructure User Access Institutional Arrangements Capacity Development Standards
Requirements
Accuracy
Reliability
Availability
Performance
Functionality
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IGNSS 2011Incorporating the
International Symposium on GPS & GNSS
15 – 17 November 2011Sydney, Australia
www.ignss.org
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Thanks for your attention.Matt Higgins