user subroutines - asimptote€¦ · when you compiled your own fortran source files, the batch...

User Subroutines

A program for thermodynamic modeling

and optimization of energy conversion systems

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

ii

Table of Contents

iii

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.2 Hardware and software requirements ............................................................................ 1-2

1.3 Installation.......................................................................................................................... 1-2

Chapter 2 Working with User Subroutines

2.1 Creat ing user subroutines ................................................................................................ 2-3

2.2 Compiling and linking ..................................................................................................... 2-3

2.3 Input for user subroutines in Cycle-Tempo .................................................................. 2-4

2.4 Performing calculations using user subroutines .......................................................... 2-5

Chapter 3 Geneal Observations

3.1 Available user subroutines .............................................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Calculation procedure ...................................................................................................... 3-2

3.3 FORTRAN ............................................................................................................................. 3-3

3.4 Input and output ................................................................................................................ 3-5

Chapter 4 User Subroutines in Detail

4.1 Memory capacity to be stated by the user (CTMAIN) .................................................. 4-1

4.2 APSUB subroutine ........................................................................................................... 4-3

4.2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 4-3

4.2.2 Argument list and declarations of variables ................................................. 4-4

4.2.3 Classification and overview of the argument list ........................................ 4-4

4.2.4 Explanation of the variables in the argument list ........................................ 4-6

4.2.5 Examples .......................................................................................................... 4-11

4.3 PIPSUB subroutine......................................................................................................... 4-13

4.3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 4-13

4.3.2 Argument list and declarations of variables ............................................... 4-14

4.3.3 Classification and overview of the argument list ...................................... 4-14

4.3.4 Explanation of the variables in the argument list ...................................... 4-15

4.3.5 Example ............................................................................................................ 4-18

4.4 USREAC subroutine ...................................................................................................... 4-19

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

iv

4.4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 4-19


4.4.3 Explanation of the variables.......................................................................... 4-20

4.4.4 The operation of USREAC ........................................................................... 4-20

4.4.5 Example: COS conversion ............................................................................ 4-21

4.5 FUNCOP user function.................................................................................................. 4-22

4.5.1 Application....................................................................................................... 4-22



4.6 EPILOG subroutine ........................................................................................................ 4-26

4.6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 4-26

4.6.2 Argument list and declaration of variab les ................................................. 4-26

4.6.3 Classification and overview of the argument list ...................................... 4-27


Chapter 5 Available Functions

5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 5-1

5.2 Useful functions for working with apparatuses ........................................................... 5-2

5.3 Useful functions for working with pipes ...................................................................... 5-5

5.4 Functions for thermodynamic properties ...................................................................... 5-7

Appendix A Apparatus Variables

Working with User Subroutines

1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction

In process calculations, it is possible to characterize variables of apparatuses that depend on

calculated mass flows or compositions. We will explain this with the following examples:

The isentropic efficiency of a turbine can depend on the mass flow through the turbine.

The condenser outlet pressure can depend on the quantity of heat transferred.

The pressure drop in a pipe can depend on the mass flow through the pipe.

A valve joining two flows can be controlled so as to produce a desired outlet

composition.

For a separation apparatus, for example a cyclone that can be modeled using a valve, the

outlet compositions depend, among other things, on inlet composition and volume flow.

All these dependencies differ per system. Besides that, we would like the user to be able to

add his own relations to the program in a simple manner; this is possible with a “user

subroutine”. The program has six user subroutines. The examples referred to above can be

performed using the APSUB and PIPSUB user subroutines. The other four user subroutines are:

EPILOG for post-processing facilities, USREAC for defining chemical reactions, FUNCOP for

defining an optimization function, and CTMAIN for modifying the memory required for the

calculations.

The calculation procedure for Cycle-Tempo is a closed module in which openings have been

created at some places. User subroutines can be linked to these openings. The user

subroutines are bits of FORTRAN code in which the user himself programs the desired

behavior. If no user subroutines are applied, dummy user subroutines have been lin ked to the

openings in the module.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

1-2

1.2 Hardware and software requirements

In order to use user subroutines, the user should have a FORTRAN compiler, i.e. at least:

Intel® Visual Fortran Compiler 9.0, Standard Edition, for Windows

The hardware requirements for using user subroutines are the same as for Cycle-Tempo

itself (see the “Introduction” part). Note, however, that additional disk space is required for

the above compiler.

1.3 Installation

During the installation of Cycle-Tempo, the user is free to determine in which directory the

program is selected. This manual assumes C:\Program Files\Cycle-Tempo as default

directory.

During the Cycle-Tempo installation, the object files of the Cycle-Tempo calculation

module are saved in the directory C:\Program Files\Cycle-Tempo\System. The object files

are clustered in the files WinTempo.lib and WinTempo.res. Furthermore, the source code

(extension .FOR) of the following files is available:

CTMAIN

APSUB

PIPSUB

USREAC

FUNCOP

EPILOG

In the file CTMAIN.FOR, the user can modify, if necessary, the memory space reserved for

Cycle-Tempo, in connection with array sizes. The user himself can modify the APSUB.FOR,

PIPSUB.FOR, USREAC.FOR, FUNCOP.FOR and EPILOG.FOR files so as to create user subroutines

himself.

The file COMPILE.BAT is used to compile and link user subroutines with the Cycle-Tempo

object files.


2-3

Chapter 2


2.1 Creating user subroutines

You can create a user subroutine using any text editor. This may be either the editor supplied

with the compiler or any other editor.

The easiest way is to copy a supplied template (for example C:\Program Files\Cycle-

Tempo\System) directory to the desired work directory and then add your own code to it.

2.2 Compiling and linking

Subroutines created by you should be compiled and linked with the Cycle-Tempo object

files.

Although other ways are possible the user is advised to make use of the files COMPILE.BAT,

WINTEMPO.LIB and WINTEMPO.RES supplied with the program, and present in the Cycle-

Tempo subdirectory SYSTEM after installation. You can copy the APSUB.FOR, PIPSUB.FOR,

USREAC.FOR, FUNCOP .FOR and EPILOG.FOR files from the system directory (default:

C:\Program Files\Cycle-Tempo\System) to your work directory under the same or other

names. The names of the files do not matter; however, it is required that the names of the

subroutines remain the same, i.e., APSUB, PIPSUB, USREAC, FUNCOP and EPILOG, respectively.

You can create your own versions of the APSUB, PIPSUB, USREAC, FUNCOP and EPILOG

subroutines. The files in which these subroutines are found, as well as files that contain

subroutines opened from APSUB, PIPSUB, USREAC, FUNCOP and EPILOG, respectively, should

also be compiled.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

2-4

To compile a Fortran source file, for example APSUB.FOR, use the Windows command

interpreter (open Run in the Windows Start Menu and type cmd) and go to directory where

the user subroutine resides, for example:

cd C:\My Documents\MyUserSubs

Next use the COMPILE.BAT file in the Windows command interpreter by giving the

command:

compile apsub

Then the batch file will ensure that the file APSUB.FOR is compiled using the correct compiler

switches. Note that the COMPILE.BAT file assumes that the Fortran compiler has been

installed in the C:\PROGRAM FILES\INTEL\COMPILER\FORTRAN\9.1 directory. If the compiler is

present in a different directory or you have a different version of the compiler, you should

change the data in the COMPILE.BAT file accordingly. Usually you can find this data in the

file IFORTVARS.BAT, which is in one of the subdirectories where the compiler has been

installed.

When you compiled your own Fortran source files, the batch file creates an executable file

named USERSUB.EXE. The executable USERSUB.EXE is placed in the directory where the

compile command is issued. You can refer to this executable in the input window for user

subroutines (see next chapter).

2.3 Input for user subroutines in Cycle-Tempo

In the input window for user subroutines, you can state what apparatuses and pipes must be

controlled by user subroutines.

To open the input window for user subroutines:

Select: Calculation | User Subroutines


2-5

Figure 2-1: input window for user subroutines

As an illustration, several apparatus and pipe numbers have been entered in Figure 2-1. Enter

the name of the user executable into the lower text box made during the compiling and

linking of the user subroutine itself.

If you use the user subroutine APSUB, the row with apparatus numbers (maximally 50) has to

be filled in. Commas must separate the apparatus numbers.

The order in which the apparatus numbers are listed in the input window determines the

order in which they can be opened from APSUB. This can be important if, for example, data

need to be transferred from one apparatus to another. The apparatus supplying data must be

listed in front of (the number of) the apparatus receiving data.

If you use the PIPSUB subroutine, the row with pipe numbers (maximally 100) should be

entered. Commas must separate the pipe numbers.

Just as with the apparatus numbers, the order of the pipe numbers is important if data from

the one pipe need to be passed to another.

If only user subroutines other than APSUB and PIPSUB are used, it is sufficient to enter the

name of the user executable.

2.4 Performing calculations using user subroutines

You can perform calculations using user subroutines simply by entering the name of the user

executable in the input window for user subroutines (see also section 2.3). You can then

make the calculation in exactly the same manner as a calculation without user subroutines:

Select: Calculation | Run!

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

2-6

General Observations

3-1

Chapter 3


3.1 Available user subroutines

The program has six user subroutines available. The overview below states the available

subroutines and their objectives.

Name of user subroutine Description of objective

CTMAIN Modification of required memory allocation

APSUB Modification of the behavior of an apparatus

PIPSUB Modification of the behavior of a pipe

USREAC Input of a user-defined reaction

FUNCOP Input of a user-defined optimization function

EPILOG Input of a user-defined ‘post processing’ procedure

The routines are found in the files that have the same name as the routine name, only with

the extension “.FOR”.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

3-2

3.2 Calculation procedure

The PROGRAM CTMAIN routine is the first routine to be activated for calculations and

also the place to reserve memory for the calculations.

In the main iterations, the apparatus subroutines of the apparatuses in the process diagram

are activated again and again. If in a chemical reactor (type 27) the TRUSER parameter has

been entered, the apparatus subroutine of the chemical reactor will load the USREAC user

subroutine, in which you can define the desired chemical reaction yourself.

Figure 3-1: place of user subroutines in the calculation procedure

After each main iteration in the calculation, the actual mass flows, compositions, pressures,

temperatures and enthalpies are available for the APSUB and PIPSUB user subroutines.


3-3

When an optimization calculation has been performed, the system efficiency is calculated

every time after convergence has been reached for the compositions and the mass flows. If

the efficiency differs from previous optimization iterations, the parameters to be optimized

are modified and a series of main iterations is started again. Using the FUNCOP user

subroutine, with the data available in FUNCOP, you can establish an optimization function

yourself, the function value of which should be optimized.

The sixth user subroutine, the EPILOG subroutine, is not activated during the main

iterations. This subroutine serves for ‘post-processing’ the results and is activated at the very

end of the program.

Figure 3-1 gives a graphical presentation of the places of the user subroutines in the

program.

3.3 FORTRAN

The Cycle-Tempo calculation procedure has been written in standard FORTRAN 90, meaning

that user subroutines must also be written in this language. The templates of user subroutines

supplied with the program have been designed accordingly. Although various tricks with

Argument lists and declarations are possible in FORTRAN, it is recommended not to make

changes in the Argument lists and declaration parts (which together form the subroutine

specification). Changes in these parts may disrupt the operation of the entire calculation

procedure. The code fragment on the next page states in which part of the user subroutine

code can be added ‘safely’.

Finally, it should be stated that the user should be reasonably familiar with FORTRAN in order

to successfully apply user subroutines.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

3-4

SUBROUTINE APSUB ( NLIN,ILIN,IAP,ITY P,ITM,DATA,NP,IPIPE,FM,H,

* P,T,X,W,C,RESULT,COMP,CONC,AVERG,IDX,NCOMP,

* APNAME, NUMGEN,RDATGE)

Do

no

t ch

an

ge t

his

part

IMPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION (A-H,O-Z)

DOUBLE PRECISION DATA(50),FM(NP),H(NP,3),P(NP,3),T(NP,2),

* X(NP,2),W(NP),C(NP),CONC(NLIN+7,NCOMP),

* AVERG(NLIN+7),RDATGE(NUMGEN,6)

INTEGER IPIPE(NP),ILIN(NLIN),IDX(NCOMP)

CHARACTER COMP(NCOMP)*8,APNAME*12

Th

is p

art

can

be

used

to

ad

d c

od

e

END

Do

no

t

ch

an

ge

this

pa

rt

Figure 3-2: place where code can be added to a user subroutine


3-5

3.4 Input and output

In making user subroutines, you should bear in mind that, earlier in the program, files have

been opened for reading and writing data. In Cycle-Tempo, the following unit numbers are

used for these files:

4: gas data input file (TEMPOGAS)

7: standard output file of the calculation (Text output)

9: standard input file for the calculation

12: output file for off-design data, only used in design calculations

13: output file for showing internal iteration processes and error messages (Message

window)

Note! Unit numbers associated with standard input and output devices (unit numbers 5 and 6) are

not allowed. This means that statements like READ(5,…), WRITE(6,…) are not allowed, nor

usage of PRINT and PAUSE statements. Usage of these statements will lead to a premature

termination of the calculation process.

Furthermore, the unit numbers 1, 10 and 22 are reserved for internal use and may not be used

in user subroutines.

In a user subroutine, these unit numbers can not be used for matters other than those stated

above. However, you can make use of the fact that these files are already open.

For example, by including the following statement:

WRITE(13,*) ’This text will appear in the message window…’

in a user subroutine, the text “This text will appear in the message window…” will be

written in the message window after completion of the calculation. With WRITE(7,*), you

can cause text to appear in the Text output.

Design data for off-design calculations are written in unit number 12. These are files with a

“.PLD”. extension. It is not advisable to save data in these files. This could also cause

problems in pasting design data into the input of off-design calculations.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

3-6

User Defined Loading data from the standard input file, unit number 9, can be handy if extra data

Input need to be loaded in a user subroutine. Using the General Data | User Defined Input, you can

enter extra data. These data are pasted behind the other data in the input file. Subsequently,

these data can be read with READ(9,…).

An example of this construction can be found in the “Examples” part. In example 5 (EX5,

EX5A, EX5B en EX5C) of this part, extra data that have been entered with General Data | User

Defined Input are read via the APSUB user subroutine.

If you want to open a file yourself for reading or writing, you can use a unit number not yet

in use. You can open the file using an OPEN statement. If, for example, you want to write

data to a file with the name MYFILE, you can do this as follows:

OPEN( UNIT=14, FILE='MYFILE', STATUS='UNKNOWN')

Then you can write everything to this file, using WRITE(14,…). The file is closed again

using the CLOSE(14) statement.

Comment:

Note! In a user subroutine, it is not allowed to re-open or close the files with the reserved unit

numbers stated in this section.

User Subroutines in Detail

4-1

Chapter 4


4.1 Memory capacity to be stated by the user (CTMAIN)

The memory capacity, required not only for drafting the system matrix but also for internal

bookkeeping of apparatuses, pipes, working fluids, and cycles, strongly depends on the

relative process diagram. It is not practical to work with fixed upper limits for the number of

apparatuses, pipes, etc., since this would lead to limitations in the program’s application or

to over-use of memory capacity. In standard FORTRAN it is not possible to reserve dynamic

memory. Therefore, you can modify the required memory capacity in Cycle-Tempo’s main

program.

PROGRAM CTMAIN

* User supplied storage reservation.

* | Increase this number if you

* v don’t have enough storage

PARAMETER (LCSIZE = 500000)

COMMON Z (LCSIZE)

REAL Z

* Character variables are stored in a separate area

CHARACTER C(20000)

COMMON /CARR/ C

* Start main control subroutine of Cycle-Tempo

CALL TEMPO (LCSIZE)

END

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-2

The exact memory capacity required by the program is printed in a number of 4-byte words,

folllowing the output on system capacity (see “CONFIGURATION OF THE

INSTALLATION” in the Text Output). If the required memory capacity is larger than the

reserved memory capacity, the program will say so in the Message window by way of an

error message and terminate the calculation.

You can specify the required memory capacity in Cycle-Tempo’s main program, the

CTMAIN.FOR. file, by changing the number stated with LCSIZE in the line:

PARAMETER (LCSIZE = 300000)

according to your wishes. By default, the reserved memory capacity is 300000 words of 4

bytes. An example of a main program is presented on the previous page.

Comment

Note! Any other change in the program text of the main program may lead to the program not

working properly.

Although CTMAIN is not a real user subroutine, the file CTMAIN.FOR should be treated like

a user subroutine in order to activate a change in the reserved memory capacity.


4-3

4.2 APSUB subroutine

4.2.1 Introduction

After each main iteration, the APSUB subroutine calculates values to be modified for the

apparatus data (saved in DATA array, see Appendix A).

The argument list of this subroutine contains all thermodynamic and characteristic apparatus

data, calculated by Cycle-Tempo or stated for the relevant apparatus. The argument list also

contains the real gas composition of each pipe.

To activate APSUB for specific apparatuses, the apparatus numbers should be entered into

the input window for user subroutines (Calculation | User Subroutines) (see also section 2.3).

The order in which the apparatus numbers are listed in the input window determines the

order in which they can be opened from APSUB. This can be important if, for example, data

need to be transferred from one apparatus to another. The apparatus supplying data must b e

listed in front of (the number of) the apparatus receiving data.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-4

4.2.2 Argument list and declarations of variables


* P,T,X,W, C,RESULT,COMP,CONC,AVERG,IDX,NCOMP,

* APNAME,NUMGEN,RDATGE)







Warning

The above program text is the subroutine specification. It is recommended that you do not

make changes in it. A change in the above program text may lead to the program not

working properly.

4.2.3 Classification and overview of the argument list

The variables in the argument list can be classified as follows:

Input variables

NLIN : number of pipes

ILIN : pipe numbers

IAP : apparatus number

ITYP : type of apparatus

ITM : iteration number

NP : number of pipes connected with IAP

IPIPE : pipes connected with IAP


4-5

FM : mass flows in the connected pipes

H : enthalpies in the connected pipes

P : pressures in the connected pipes

T : temperatures in the connected pipes

X : vapor quality in the connected pipes

W : mass fraction in the connected pipes

C : medium type in the connected pipes

APNAME : apparatus name

NUMGEN : number of generators in the system

RDATGE : generator data

Input variables in the form of composition data of working fluids for the types FUEL

and GASMIX:

AVERG : average mole mass in the pipes

COMP : components in the system

CONC : concentrations of components in the pipes

IDX : identification number of the components

NCOMP : number of different components in the system

Input and output variables

DATA : apparatus input data

RESULT : apparatus input data for certain types of apparatuses

Although all relevant thermodynamic data of the apparatus are offered, not all changes are

transferred to the program from which you are operating (see statements made at input

description of the relative apparatus in the “Reference” part).

Modifications entered via RESULT have a higher priority than modifications entered in the

DATA data.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-6

4.2.4 Explanation of the variables in the argument list

The overview below describes the meaning of the variables in the argument list, in

alphabetical order.

APNAME = name of apparatus IAP (maximum of 12 positions)

AVERG = double precision array with NLIN+7 elements

Contains the average mole mass of the working fluid in a pipe in the

process diagram (kg/mole).

The element number of the array is an identification number of a pipe in

the process diagram. See also under CONC for more information about

identification numbers.

C = double precision array with NP elements

Contains the medium types of the medium in the pipes connected with

apparatus IAP (-). Table 4-1 presents the meaning of the value of C in

relation to the medium type.

The sequence of saving is the same as that of the pipe identification

numbers in IPIPE.

Table 4-1: meaning of the contents of the C array

C Medium type

2 FUEL

1 GASMIX

-1 WATERSTM

-2 POTASIUM

-4<C<-3 DUPONT-database

-5<C<-4 REFPROP-database

-5 NH3-H2O

-8<C<-7 LIQUIDS-database

COMP = character*8 array with NCOMP elements

Contains the names of all components of GASMIX and FUEL medium

type used in a process diagram.


4-7

CONC = double precision array with (NLIN+7)*NCOMP elements divided over

NLIN+7 rows and NCOMP columns .

Each row contains the concentrations of components in a pipe of the

process diagram (mole component / mole mixture).

The 7 extra rows can be used for virtual pipes (dummy pipes for

calculation purposes).

The row number in the array is the pipe identification number in the

process diagram. The third row, for example, refers to the pipe whose pipe

number is identical to ILIN(3). Obviously, the virtual pipe identification

numbers do not refer to a pipe in the process diagram.

The column number is the identification number of a component in a

process diagram. The name of the component to which, for example, the

first column refers, is identical to COMP(1).

DATA = array with the input data (maximally 50) of apparatus IAP.

If input data have been stated with “Normal Input” for apparatus IAP in the

input window for apparatus data, you can modify these data here.

Appendix A states which input data are entered at which places in the

DATA array for apparatus type ITYP.

FM = double precision array with NP elements .

Contains the mass flows in the pipes that are connected with apparatus IAP

(kg/s).

The order of storage is the same as that of the pipe identification numbers

in IPIPE.

H = double precision array with NP*3 elements divided over NP rows and 3

columns.

Contains the specific enthalpies in the pipes connected with apparatus IAP

(kJ/kg).

Each row i (where i = 1,2,...,NP) contains the following pipe data:

H (i,1): enthalpy at pipe inlet;

H (i,2): enthalpy at pipe outlet;

H (i,3): enthalpy drop in the pipe.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-8

The order of the stored pipes (rows) is the same as that of the row

identification numbers in IPIPE.

IAP = the apparatus number for which the APSUB subroutine is opened.

IAP is one of the apparatus numbers stated in the input window for user

subroutines (Calculation | User Subroutines).

IDX = integer array with NCOMP elements

Contains identification numbers of the components in a process diagram in

relation to the gas library, i.e. the places of the components in the gas

library.

The element numbers themselves are identification numbers of the

components in the process diagram. This variable is used to open other

subroutines and subfunctions.

ILIN = integer array with NLIN elements

Contains the pipe numbers of a process diagram as stated by the user in the

order of increasing pipe number.

IPIPE = integer array with NP elements

Contains the identification numbers of the pipes in ILIN connected with

apparatus IAP. The sequence of storage is as follows:

IPIPE(1........ni): identification numbers of the inlet pipes of the primary

(heated) medium;

IPIPE(ni+1...nj): identification numbers of the outlet pipes of the primary

(heated) medium;

IPIPE(nj+1...nk): identification numbers of the inlet pipes of the secondary

(cooled) medium;

IPIPE(nk+1...NP): identification number of the outlet pipes of the

secondary (cooled) medium.

If only one medium is involved, IPIPE(n j+1...nk) and IPIPE(nk+1...NP) are

not applicable, and n j = NP.

If more inlet or outlet pipes are connected to one medium of an apparatus,

they are stored in numerical order.


4-9

The identification number of a pipe number in ILIN (also called internal

pipe number) indicates where the relative pipe number has been saved in

the ILIN array. The actual pipe number (also called external pipe number)

of, for example, the first primary outlet pipe is identical to

ILIN(IPIPE(ni+1)).

ITM = number of the main iteration in which the APSUB subroutine is opened by

the program.

Usually, ITM is applied to perform certain operations either exclusively in

the zeroth and/or first main iteration, or in all iterations except the zeroth

and/or first. The zeroth iteration is the very first calculation round; the first

iteration is the second calculation round, etc.

ITYP = type number of apparatus IAP

NCOMP = the total number of different components in a process diagram

NLIN = the total number of pipes in a process diagram

NP = the total number of pipes connected with apparatus IAP

P = double precision array with NP*3 elements divided over NP rows and 3

columns.

Contains the pressures in the pipes connected with apparatus IAP (bar).

Each row i (where i = 1,2,...,NP) contains the following pipe data:

P (i,1): pressure at pipe inlet

P (i,2): pressure at pipe outlet

P (i,3): pressure drop in the pipe

The sequence of the stored pipes (rows) is the same as that of the

identification numbers of the pipes in IPIPE.

RESULT = FACUA, U*A value for apparatus type = 5, 6 or 12 (kW/K)

ETHAI, isentropic efficiency for apparatus type = 3 (turbines)

DELTAP pressure drop for apparatus type = 8; this value must be negative

in order to achieve a pressure rise (bar)

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-10

T = double precision array with NP*2 elements divided over NP rows and 2

columns.

Contains the temperatures in the pipes connected with apparatus IAP (°C).

Each row i (with i = 1,2,...,NP) contains the following pipe data:

T (i,1): temperature at pipe inlet

T (i,2): temperature at pipe outlet



W = double precision array with NP elements.

Contains the mass fractions in the pipes connected with apparatus IAP (-).

Only relevant for certain mixtures (ammonia-water, solutions). The

sequence of the stored pipes is the same as that of the identification

numbers of the pipes in IPIPE.

X = double precision array with NP*2 elements divided over NP rows and 2

columns.

Contains the vapor fractions in the pipes connected with apparatus IAP

(-).

Each row i (with i = 1,2,...,NP) contains the following pipe data:

X (i, 1): vapor fraction at pipe inlet

X (i, 2): vapor fraction at pipe outlet



Comment: the elements in X have the value 0 for the FUEL and GASMIX

medium types.


4-11

4.2.5 Examples

Exampe 1

In this example, the value of the RESULT variable is calculated as a function of the mass

flow.










IF (ITM.LT.2) RETURN

IF (IAP.EQ.k) RESULT = f1(FM)

IF (IAP.EQ.m) RESULT = f2(FM)

END

The ’k’ and ’m’ variables are the numbers of the apparatuses stated in the row with

apparatus numbers in the input window for user subroutines (Calculation | User

Subroutines). For initialization, estimates must be entered into the input for the

accompanying apparatus with respect to the isentropic efficiency and the pressure increase

of the relative apparatuses. The estimate for the U*A value should be stated in the off-design

input data of the relative apparatus.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-12

Example 2

Another construction that is used quite often is transferring a variable from one apparatus to

another, without the apparatuses being directly connected with a pipe. For this, the apparatus

number (supplying the variable) must first be entered into the row with apparatus numbers in

the input window for user subroutines (Calculation | User Subroutines). Then the apparatus

number (receiving the variable) must be entered. In the following example a variable

prop(ip,a) of apparatus ‘k’ is transferred to variable number ‘j’ of apparatus ‘m’. The latter

must have been entered in the input window for apparatus data of apparatus ‘m’. In it,

prop(ip), for example, is a mass flow (FM), pressure (P), temperature (T) or an enthalpy (H)

in the connected pipe ‘ip’.

If, for example, you would transfer the temperature at the end of a pipe connected with

apparatus ‘k’, prop(ip) is identical to T(ip,2).










SAVE PROPTY

IF (IAP.EQ.k) PROPTY = prop(ip)

IF (IAP.EQ.m) DATA(j) = PROPTY

END

Note: Usually, this manoeuvre is easier to perform with the PIPSUB user subroutine.


4-13

4.3 PIPSUB subroutine

4.3.1 Introduction

In this subroutine, after each main iteration, you can modify characteristic pipe data (such as

pressure drop and specific enthalpy drop) that have been entered into the input. Furthermore,

you can use this subroutine to calculate or modify thermodynamic variables such as

pressure, temperature, and specific enthalpy in a pipe.

The argument list of this subroutine contains all relevant pipe data, as well as the real gas

composition of each pipe.

To activate PIPSUB for specific pipes, enter the pipe numbers in the input window for user

subroutines (Calculation | User Subroutines) (see also section 2.3).

The order in which the pipe numbers are listed in the input window determines the order in

which they can be opened in PIPSUB. This can be important if data from one pipe need to be

transferred to another pipe. The number of the pipe supplying data should be listed in front

of the number of the pipe receiving data.

The variables to be modified in each pipe should be stated in the input as “extra condition”

of the relative pipe. The modifications to be made in PIPSUB are not performed when the

variables have also been entered with the apparatus input.

Compositions in the pipes can only be modified if the composition of the relative pipes is

explicitly stated in the input (and not as an estimate).

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-14


SUBROUTINE PIPSUB (IPIPE,ITM,VOLFLO,FM,H,DH,P,DP,T,X,W,C,

* COMP,CONC,AVERG,IDX,NCOMP,NLIN,ILIN)


DOUBLE PRECISION CONC(NLIN+7,NCOMP),AVERG(NLIN+7)

INTEGER ILIN(NLIN),IDX(NCOMP)

CHARACTER COMP(NCOMP)*8

Warning

The above program text is the subroutine specification. It is recommended not to make

changes in it. A change in the above program text may lead to the program not working

properly.



Input variables

IPIPE : pipe number

ITM : iteration number

VOLFLO : volume flow

FM : mass flow

W : mass fraction

C : type of medium

NLIN : number of pipes in the system

ILIN : pipe numbers in the system


4-15

Input variables in the form of composition data of media for the FUEL and GASMIX

medium types:

AVERG : average mole flow in the pipes


CONC : concentrations of components in the pipes

IDX : identification numbers of the components


Input and output variables

H : enthalpy

DH : enthalpy difference

P : pressure

DP : pressure drop

T : temperature

X : vapor quality


The overview below describes the meaning of the variables in the argument list, in

alphabetical order.

AVERG = double precision array with NLIN+7 elements

Contains the average mole mass of the medium in a pipe in the process

diagram (kg/mole).

The element number of the array is an identification number of a pipe in

the process diagram. See also under CONC for more information about the


C = Medium type of the medium in pipe IPIPE

Table 4-2 presents the meaning of the value of C in relation to the medium

type.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-16

Table 4-2: meaning of the contents of the C array

C Medium type

2 FUEL

1 GASMIX

-1 WATERSTM

-2 POTASIUM

-4<C<-3 DUPONT-database

-5<C<-4 REFPROP-database

-5 NH3-H2O

-8<C<-7 LIQUIDS-database

COMP = character*8 array with NCOMP elements

Contains the names of all components of GASMIX and FUEL medium

types used in a process diagram.

CONC = double precision array with (NLIN+7)*NCOMP elements divided over

NLIN+7 rows and NCOMP columns.





The row number in the array is the identification number of a pipe in the

process diagram. For example, the third row refers to the pipe whose pipe

number is identical to ILIN(3). The virtual pipe identification numbers

naturally do not refer to a pipe in the process diagram.


process diagram. The name of the component to which, for example, the

first column refers, is identical to COMP(1).

DH = specific enthalpy drop in pipe IPIPE (kJ/kg)

DP = pressure drop in pipe IPIPE (bar) or (-)

If DP is larger than or identical to 500, the pressure drop is an absolute

pressure drop and the actual pressure drop is

= DP 1000.

If DP is smaller than 500, the pressure drop is the relative pressure drop.


4-17

This is defined as (pin pout)/pin.

A correct value for a relative pressure drop is then between 0 and 1.

FM = mass flow in pipe IPIPE (kg/s)

H = specific enthalpy at the inlet of pipe IPIPE (kJ/kg)

IDX = integer array with NCOMP elements


relation to the gas library, or the places of the components in the gas

library.


components in the process diagram.

This variable is used in calling other subroutines and subfunctions.

ILIN = integer array with NLIN elements.

Contains the pipe numbers of a process diagram stated by the user, in the

sequence of increasing pipe number.

IPIPE = the pipe number for which the PIPSUB subroutine is called.

IPIPE is one of the pipe numbers stated in the input window for user

subroutines (Calculation | User Subroutines).

ITM = number of the main iteration in which the APSUB subroutine is opened by

the program.

Usually, ITM is applied to perform certain operations either exclusively in

the zeroth and/or first main iteration, or in all iterations except the zeroth

and/or first. The zeroth iteration is the very first calculation round; the first

iteration is the second calculation round, etc.

NCOMP = the total number of different components in a process diagram.

NLIN = the total number of pipes in a process diagram.

P = pressure at the inlet of pipe IPIPE (bar)

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-18

T = temperature at the inlet of pipe IPIPE (°C)

VOLFLO = volume flow at the inlet of pipe IPIPE (m3/s)

W = mass fraction in pipe IPIPE (-)

Only relevant for certain mixtures (ammonia-water, solutions)

X = vapor fraction at the inlet of pipe IPIPE (-)

Note: the elements in X have the value 0 for the FUEL and GASMIX

medium types.

4.3.5 Example

For pipe k, the pressure drop is a function of the mass flow: p = f1 ( m).

For pipe m, the enthalpy drop is a function of the mass flow: h = f2 ( m). This leads to the

following PIPSUB subroutine:

SUBROUTINE PIPSUB (IPIPE,ITM,VOLFLO,FM,H,DH,P,DP,T,X,W,C,

* COMP,CONC,AVERG,IDX,NCOMP,NLIN,ILIN)


DOUBLE PRECISION CONC(NLIN+7,NCOMP),AVERG(NLIN+7)

INTEGER ILIN(NLIN),IDX(NCOMP)

CHARACTER COMP(NCOMP)*8

IF (ITM.LT.2) RETURN

IF (L.EQ.k) DP = f1(FM)

IF (L.EQ.m) DH = f2(FM)

END


4-19

4.4 USREAC subroutine

4.4.1 Introduction

In the chemical reactor (type 27), you can calculate a new equilibrium for a chemical

reaction based on an equilibrium temperature, using the equilibrium constants. Several

reactions can also be brought to equilibrium simultaneously, at different equilibrium

temperatures.

The available reactions are:

Water gas shift reaction: CO + H2O CO2 + H2

CH4-reforming reaction: CH4 + H2O CO + 3 H2

User-programmed reactions

The USREAC subroutine is used for entering the user-programmed reactions.


SUBROUTINE USREAC (IAP, TRUSER, PPART)


DOUBLE PRECISION PPART(100)

CHARACTER NAME*8

COMMON /GASDAT/ COEF(2,7,100),WMOL(100),SIGMA(100),EPSS(100),NAME(100)

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-20

4.4.3 Explanation of the variables

The meaning of the variables in the argument list is as follows:

IAP = apparatus number of the reactor

TRUSER = reaction temperature stated by the user (°C)

PPART = array with concentrations of ambient partial pressures in the reactor of all

components available in the Cycle-Tempo gas library [bar]

The COMMON-area GASDAT is stated here only for the purpose of having the NAME

array available. The meaning of the other variables is not important here.

NAME = character*8 array with the names of the components in the gas library

4.4.4 The operation of USREAC

The intention is that you modify the PPART array in such a way that equilibrium is reached

for the reaction(s). In this array, you will find the partial pressures of all substances available

in Cycle-Tempo’s gas library, as they are found in the reactor (total pres sure is PREACT, or

if this pressure is not stated, the outlet pressure). If a substance does not occur in the reactor,

its partial pressure is zero. In the NAME array you can look up where substances can be

found.

The programmed reaction may also be a terminating reaction.

For further information about calculating equilibrium, see the “Technical Notes” part.


4-21

4.4.5 Example: COS conversion

In this example, all COS of a gas mixture is converted in conformity with the following

reaction:

COS + H2O CO2 + H2S

The USREAC subroutine looks as follows:

SUBROUTINE USREAC (IAP, TRUSER, PPART)


DOUBLE PRECISION PPART(100)

CHARACTER NAME*8

COMMON /GASDAT/ COEF(2,7,100),WMOL(100),SIGMA(100),EPSS(100),NAME(100)

* Select species concerning the reaction

DO 10 I=1,100

IF (NAME(I).EQ.'COS') ISPEC1=I

IF (NAME(I).EQ.'H2O') ISPEC2=I

IF (NAME(I).EQ.'H2S') ISPEC3=I

IF (NAME(I).EQ.'CO2') ISPEC4=I

10 CONTINUE

* Get reaction coordinate (all COS is converted)

X=PPART(ISPEC1)

* Calculate new partial pressures

PPART(ISPEC1) = PPART(ISPEC1) – X

PPART(ISPEC2) = PPART(ISPEC2) – X

PPART(ISPEC3) = PPART(ISPEC3) + X

PPART(ISPEC4) = PPART(ISPEC4) + X

END

In the user subroutine, the numbers of the components are first looked up using the NAME

array, and saved in ISPEC1, ISPEC2, ISPEC3 and ISPEC4, respectively. Subsequently, the

reaction coordinate X is determined. Finally, the new partial pressures are determined.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-22

4.5 FUNCOP user function

4.5.1 Application

In this user subroutine, you can define a function. An optimization is made according to the

function value produced by this function, if the “Use user-defined optimization function” is

selected in the input window for optimization data.


The first statements should look like this:

FUNCTION FUNCOP ( NLIN,NAPP,DATAP,PH,MKGS,HKJK,PBAR,TCEL,XFAC,

& IAPP,ILIN)


DOUBLE PRECISION DATAP(NAPP,50), PH(NAPP), MKGS(NLIN),

* HKJK(NLIN,3), PBAR(NLIN,3), TCEL(NLIN,2),

* XFAC(NLIN,2)

INTEGER IAPP(NAPP),ILIN(NLIN)


The overview below describes the meaning of the variables in the argument list in

alphabetical order.

DATAP = double precision array with NAPP*50 elements divided among NAPP

rows 50 columns.

Contains the input data of all apparatuses entered into the window for

apparatus input data at "Normal Input". Appendix A states at which places


4-23

in the DATAP array which input data are found for a specific type of

apparatus.

Each row contains the data of an apparatus. The row number is the

identification number of the apparatus in IAPP. The data of the first row

number, for example, belong to apparatus number IAPP(1).

HKJK = double precision array with NLIN*3 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 3 columns.

Contains the specific enthalpies in the pipes in the process diagram (kJ/kg).

Each row i (with i = 1,2,...,NLIN) contains the following data about the

pipe:

HKJK (i, 1): enthalpy at the pipe inlet

HKJK (i, 2): enthalpy at the pipe outlet

HKJK (i, 3): enthalpy drop in a pipe.

The row number is the identification number of a pipe in ILIN.

IAPP = integer array with NAPP elements

Contains the user-stated apparatus numbers of a process diagram in the

following sequence:

1. Turbines (type 3) in numerical order

2. Condensers (type 4) in numerical order

3. Feedwater pre-heaters (type 5) in numerical order

4. Heat exchangers (EEQCOD = 2, type 6) in numerical order


6. Moisture separators (type 22) in numerical order

7. Other types of apparatus, in numerical order

ILIN = integer array with NLIN elements

Contains the user-stated pipe numbers of a process diagram in numerical

order

MKGS = double precision array with NLIN elements

Contains the mass flows in the pipes in the process diagram (kg/s).

The element number is the identification number of a pipe in ILIN.

NAPP = the total number of apparatuses in a process diagram

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-24


PBAR = double precision array with NLIN*3 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 3 columns.

Contains the pressures in the pipes in the process diagram (bar).

Each row i (where i = 1,2,...,NLIN) contains the following data about the

pipe:

PBAR (i,1): pressure at the pipe inlet

PBAR (i,2): pressure at the pipe outlet;

PBAR (i,3): pressure drop in the pipe


PH = double precision array with NAPP elements

Contains the energy exchange of the apparatuses with the surrounding

area, as a result of the calculations (kW).

The element number is the identification number of an apparatus in IAPP.

TCEL = double precision array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 2 columns.

Contains the temperatures in the pipes in the process diagram (°C).


pipe:

TCEL (i,1): temperature at the pipe inlet

TCEL (i,2): temperature at the pipe outlet


XFAC = double precision array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 2 columns.

Contains the vapor fractions in the pipes in the process diagram (-).


pipe:

XFAC (i,1): vapor fraction at the pipe inlet

XFAC (i,2): vapor fraction at the pipe outlet.



4-25

Comment: the elements in XFAC have the value 0 for the FUEL and

GASMIX types of working fluid.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-26

4.6 EPILOG subroutine

4.6.1 Introduction

The last program statement to be performed concerns the EPILOG. subroutine. With the

argument list all available data are passed on. This produces the possibility of “post

processing" such as printing tables or plotting graphs. After this routine, no other operations

are performed so that you are completely free in using the data.

4.6.2 Argument list and declaration of variables

The first statements should look as follows:

SUBROUTINE EPILOG ( NAPP,NLIN,NCYCLE,NTURB,NTDP,NUMGEN,NCOMP,

* IAPP,ILIN,DATAP,MED,PBAR,HKJK,TCEL,XFAC,

* XGAS,MKGS,PH,PTTT,FACUA,DELTDF,RDATGE,

* ITYPE,NAMAP,NLIK,M,COMP,CONC,AVERG,IDX,

* NUMGEO,EXKJKG,WMAS,HENV,HUC,IGEO,IDATGM,

* RDATGM,EXDIFA,EXDIFP,HUCH,PPEXCH)


DOUBLE PRECISION DATAP(NAPP,50),PBAR(NLIN,3),

* HKJK(NLIN,3),TCEL(NLIN,2),XFAC(NLIN,2),

* XGAS(NLIN),MKGS(NLIN),PH(NAPP),

* PTTT(NAPP),FACUA(3,*),DELTDF(2,*),

* RDATGE(NUMGEN,6),CONC(NLIN+7,NCOMP),

* AVERG(NLIN+7),RDATGM(NUMGEO,10),

* EXKJKG(NLIN,2),WMAS(NLIN),HENV(NLIN,2),

* HUC(NLIN),EXDIFA(NAPP,2),EXDIFP(NLIN,2),

* HUCH(NLIN),PPEXCH(NLIN)

INTEGER IAPP(NAPP),ILIN(NLIN),MED(NLIN),

* ITYPE(NAPP),NLIK(NAPP,2),M(NLIN,2),

* IDX(NCOMP),IGEO(NUMGEO),IDATGM(NUMGEO,5)

CHARACTER COMP(NCOMP)*8,NAMAP(NAPP)*12


4-27

Warning

The above program text is the subroutine specification. It is recommended that no changes

be made in it. A change in the above program text may lead to the program not working

properly.



Apparatus data

DATAP : apparatus input data

DELTDF : temperature differences at apparatus inlet and outlet

FACUA : off-design data of heat exchangers

IAPP : apparatus numbers

ITYPE : apparatus types

NAPP : number of apparatuses in the system

NAMAP : apparatus names

NTURB : number of turbines in the system

NUMGEN : number of generators in the system

PH : energy exchange with environment

PTTT : transmitted heat

RDATGE : generator data

Exergy data in the system

EXKJKG : total exergy of the working fluids in the pipes

EXDIFA : exergy difference of apparatuses

EXDIFP : exergy difference of pipes

PPEXCH : chemical exergy of the working fluids in the pipes

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-28

Geometry data of apparatuses

IGEO : numbers of apparatuses with geometry data

IDATGM : integer input data for geometry

NUMGEO : number of apparatuses with geometry data

RDATGM : double precision input data for geometry

Pipe data

HKJK : specific enthalpy

HENV : specific enthalpy with respect to the environment

HUC : lower heating value

HUCH : higher heating value

ILIN : pipe numbers

MED : cycle numbers

MKGS : mass flow

NLIN : number of pipes

NTDP : number of mechanical axes

PBAR : pressure

TCEL : temperature

WMAS : mass fraction

XFAC : vapor fraction

XGAS : type of working fluid

Composition data of working fluids for the medium types FUEL and GASMIX:

AVERG : average mole mass in the pipes


CONC : concentration of components in the pipes

IDX : identification numbers of the components



4-29

Other data

M : apparatuses at inlet and outlet of pipes

NLIK : pipes at the primary medium of apparatuses

NCYCLE : number of cycles within the system


The overview below describes the meaning of the variables in the argument list in

alphabetical order.

AVERG = double precision array with NLIN+7 elements.

Contains the average mole mass of the working fluid in a pipe in the

process diagram (kg/mole).

The element number of the array is the identification number of a pipe in

the process diagram. See also under CONC for more information about


Note After completing the calculation and thus loading the EPILOG

routine, the average mole masses of all pipes are stored in

AVERG array, i.e., not only those of the pipes with medium type

FUEL and GASMIX.

COMP = character*8 array with NCOMP elements.

Contains the names of all used components of the medium type GASMIX

and FUEL in a process diagram.

CONC = double precision array with (NLIN+7)*NCOMP elements divided among

NLIN+7 rows and NCOMP columns.





The row number in the array is the identification number of a pipe in the

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-30

process diagram. For example, the third row refers to the pipe whose pipe

number is identical to ILIN(3). The virtual pipe identification numbers

naturally do not refer to a pipe in the process diagram.


process diagram. The name of the component to which for example the

first column refers is identical to COMP(1).

DATAP = double precision array with NAPP*50 elements divided among NAPP

rows 50 columns.

Contains the input data of all apparatuses entered into the window for

apparatus input data with "Normal Input". Appendix A states which data of

a specific apparatus type are found at which places in the DATAP array.

Each row contains the data of an apparatus. The row number is the

identification number of the apparatus in IAPP. The data of the first row

number, for example, belong to the apparatus number IAPP(1).

DELTDF = double precision array with 2*k elements divided among 2 rows and "k"

columns. The number of “k” columns is identical to the number of heat

exchangers present (types 4, 5, 6, 12 and 22). Contains the inlet and outlet

temperature differences for the heat exchangers in the process diagram.

The rows contain the following data in case of counter-flow:

DELTDF (1, *): temperature difference between the secondary inlet

and the primary outlet side ( Th);

DELTDF (2, *): temperature difference between the secondary outlet

and the primary inlet side ( Tl).

The rows contain the following data in case of co-flow (only for types 6

and 12):

DELTDF (1, *): temperature difference between the secondary inlet

and the primary inlet side ( Th);

DELTDF (2, *): temperature difference between the secondary outlet

and the primary outlet side ( Tl).

See FACUA above, for how to store.


4-31

EXDIFA = double precision array with NAPP*2 elements divided among NAPP rows

and 2 columns.

Contains the exergy differences between all ingoing and all outgoing

process flows of an apparatus (kJ/s).

Each row i (where i = 1,2,...,NAPP) contains the following data about the

apparatus:

EXDIFA (i, 1): exergy difference over apparatus calculated using

ingoing and outgoing exergy flows;

EXDIFA (i, 2): same, now calculated via enthalpy and entropy values

of the ingoing and outgoing process flows.

The row number is the identification number of an apparatus in IAPP.

EXDIFP = double precision array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 2 columns.

Contains the exergy differences between the inlet and the outlet of the

pipes in the process diagram (kW).


pipe:

EXDIFP (i, 1): exergy difference over pipe calculated using ingoing

and outgoing exergy flows;

EXDIFP (i,2): same, now calculated via enthalpy and entropy values

at the inlet and outlet of the pipe.


EXKJKG = double precision array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 2 columns.

Contains the total (= chemical + thermomechanical) exergy of the working

fluids in the pipes of the process diagram (kJ/kg).


pipe:

EXKJKG (i, 1): total exergy at the inlet of a pipe;

EXKJKG (i, 2): total exergy at the outlet of a pipe.


Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-32

FACUA = double precision array with 3*k elements divided among 3 rows and "k"

columns. The number of "k" columns is identical to the number of heat

exchangers present (types 4, 5, 6, 12 and 22).

The order of storage the heat exchangers is:






The rows contain the following data about condensers (type = 4):

FACUA (1, *): heat-exchanging surface A (m2);

The second and third rows are not used with condensers.

The rows contain the following data about feedwater pre-heaters (type =

5):

FACUA (2, *): design mass flow (kg/s);

The first and third rows are not used with feedwater pre-heaters.

The rows contain the following data about heat exchangers (type = 6:

EEQCOD = 2, or type = 12: EEQCOD = 1):

FACUA (1, *): U A value (kW/K);

FACUA (2, *): design mass flow (kg/s);

FACUA (3, *): exponent ETHA for U * A correction.

HENV = double precision array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 2 columns.

Contains the specific enthalpy values with respect to the environment in

the pipes in the process diagram (kJ/kg).


pipe:

HENV (i, 1): enthalpy with respect to the environment at the inlet of a

pipe;


4-33

HENV (i, 2): enthalpy with respect to the environment at the outlet of

a pipe.


HKJK = double precision array with NLIN*3 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 3 columns.

Contains the specific enthalpies in the pipes in the process diagram (kJ/kg).


pipe:

HKJK (i, 1): enthalpy at the inlet of a pipe;

HKJK (i, 2): enthalpy at the outlet of a pipe;

HKJK (i, 3): enthalpy drop in a pipe.


HUC = double precision array with NLIN elements.

Contains the lower heating value of the working fluids in the pipes in the

process diagram (kJ/kg). The element number is the identification number

of a pipe in ILIN.

HUCH = double precision array with NLIN elements.

Contains the higher heating value of the working fluids in the pipes in the


of a pipe in ILIN.

IAPP = integer array with NAPP elements.

Contains the user-stated apparatus numbers of a process diagram in the

following order:







7. Other apparatus types, in numerical order

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-34

IDATGM = integer array with NUMGEO*5 elements divided among NUMGEO rows

and 5 columns.

Contains the integer geometry data entered with the apparatuses. Table 4-3

presents the contents of this array.

Table 4-3: the contents of the "IDATGM" array for the relevant apparatus types

Type Name 1 2 3 4 5

4 condenser NPIPES NEDGE PRISEC

21 fuel cell FLOW NITER NCELL PGFC

IDX = integer array with NCOMP elements.


relation to the gas library, or the places of the components in the gas

library.


components in the process diagram.

IGEO = integer array with NUMGEO elements.

Contains the numbers of the apparatuses for which geometry data have

been entered in numerical order.



order.

ITYPE = integer array with NAPP elements.

Contains the type numbers of the apparatuses in the process diagram.


M = integer array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows and 2

columns.

This array is the connection matrix of the process diagram.


pipe:


4-35

M (i,1) = element number of the apparatus in IAPP at the pipe inlet

ILIN(i);

M (i,2) = element number of the apparatus in IAPP at the pipe outlet

ILIN(i);

The row number is therefore the identification number of a pipe in ILIN.

If, for example, M(5,2) = 3, this means that the apparatus number at the

pipe outlet with pipe number ILIN(5) is identical to IAPP(3).

MED = integer array with NLIN elements.

Contains the numbers of the cycles of which the pipes are part.

The element number is the identification number of the pipe in ILIN.

MKGS = double precision array with NLIN elements.

Contains the mass flows in the pipes in the process diagram (kg/s).


NAMAP = character*12 array with NAPP elements.

Contains the names of the apparatuses in the process diagram.



NCOMP = total number of different components in the process diagram

NCYCLE = the total number of independent cycles in a process diagram

NLIK = integer array with NAPP*2 elements divided among NAPP rows and 2

columns.

Contains the pipe identification numbers of the pipes that are connected to

the primary working fluid of an apparatus.

Each row i (where i = 1,2,...,NAPP) contains the following data:

NLIK (i, 1): pipe number of the outgoing pipe;

NLIK (i, 2): pipe number of the ingoing pipe.

The row number is the identification number of an apparatus in IAPP.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-36


NTDP = the total number of turbine / pump or compressor combinations in the

process diagram, i.e. the number of mechanical axes

NTURB = the total number of turbines in the process diagram, or the number of

apparatuses for which it applies type = 3.

NUMGEN = the total number of generators in the process diagram

NUMGEO = the number of apparatuses for which geometry data have been entered

(only possible with condenser, type = 4 and fuel cell, type = 21)

PBAR = double precision array with NLIN*3 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 3 columns.

Contains the pressures in the pipes in the process diagram (bar).


pipe:

PBAR (i,1): pressure at the inlet of the pipe;

PBAR (i,2): pressure at the outlet of the pipe;

PBAR (i,3): pressure drop in the pipe.



4-37

PH = double precision array with NAPP elements.

Contains the energy exchange with the environment apparatuses, as a

result of the calculations (kJ/s).


PPEXCH = double precision array with NLIN elements.

Contains the chemical exergy of the working fluids in the pipes in the


of a pipe in ILIN.

PTTT = double precision array with NAPP elements.

Contains the heat transferred in the apparatuses in the process diagram

(kW).


RDATGE = double precision array with NUMGEN*6 elements divided among

NUMGEN rows and 6 columns.

Contains the data of the generators in the process diagram.

Each row i (where i = 1,2,...,NUMGEN) contains the following data about

the genereator:

RDATGE (i,1): efficiency (ETAGEN)

RDATGE (i,2): cosinus (COSPHI)

RDATGE (i,3): capacity (GENMVA)

RDATGE (i,4): capacity / power ratio (CPRATI)

RDATGE (i,5): mechanical losses (calculated)

RDATGE (i,6): electrical losses (calculated)

The order of saving generators (rows) is identical to the order of decreasing

generator number.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-38

RDATGM = double precision array with NUMGEO*10 elements divided among

NUMGEO rows and 10 columns. The columns 9 and 10 are not used at the

moment.

Contains the double precision geometry input data entered with the

apparatuses. Table 4-4 contains the contents of this array.

Table 4-4: the contents of the "RDATGM" array for the relevant types of apparatuses

Type Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4 condenser DIAIN DIAOUT PITCH LAMBDW AIRFAC RFOUL

21 fuel cell RCELL VCELL DELU CDENS ACELL ESTVLT ESTCDN

TCEL = double precision array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 2 columns.

Contains the temperatures in the pipes in the process diagram (°C).


pipe:

TCEL (i,1): temperature at the inlet of a pipe;

TCEL (i,2): temperature at the outlet of a pipe.


WMAS = double precision array with NLIN elements.

Contains the mass fractions in the pipes in the process diagram (-).

Only relevant for certain mixtures (ammonia-water, solutions).


XFAC = double precision array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows

and 2 columns.

Contains the vapor fractions in the pipes in the process diagram (-).


pipe:

XFAC (i,1): vapor fraction at the inlet of the pipe;

XFAC (i,2): vapor fraction at the outlet of the pipe.



4-39

Comment: the elements in XFAC have the value 0 for the medium types

FUEL and GASMIX.

XGAS = double precision array with NLIN elements.

Contains the medium types of the working fluid in the pipes in the process

diagram. Table 4-5 gives the meaning of the value of XGAS in relation to

the medium type.


Table 4-5: meaning of the contents of the XGAS array

XGAS Medium type

2 FUEL

1 GASMIX

-1 WATERSTM

-2 POTASIUM

-4<XGAS<-3 DUPONT-database

-5<XGAS<-4 REFPROP-database

-5 NH3-H2O

-8<XGAS<-7 LIQUID-database

If the user adds no EPILOG routine, an internal dummy routine is activated.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

4-40

Available Functions

5-1

Chapter 5

Available Functions

5.1 Introduction

This chapter contains an overview of a number of functions that can be applied from a user

subroutine:

1. Useful functions for working with apparatuses

2. Useful functions for working with pipes

3. Functions for calculating thermodynamic properties

All variables stated meet the default FORTRAN convention, unless stated otherwise. This

means that variables starting with the letters I through N are variables of the INTEGER type.

The others are floating point variables. Since Cycle-Tempo fully calculates in double

precision, these are of the DOUBLE PRECISION type.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

5-2

5.2 Useful functions for working with apparatuses

When working with user subroutines, you often need the serial number of an apparatus in the

IAPP array. With this serial number, you can, for example, use data from the DATAP array.

The first possibility to determine the serial number is to write a DO loop in which IAPP(I) is

compared with the relative apparatus number. If the condition is true, I is the required serial

number. This is displayed in the code fragment below.

SUBROUTINE … (…, IAPP, NAPP, …)

INTEGER IAPP(NAPP) ………

* Find apparatus number 25 IAPNO = 0 DO 10 I = 1, NAPP

IF ( IAPP(I).EQ.25) THEN IAPNO = I GO TO 20

ENDIF 10 CONTINUE 20 ………

END

The second method is to use the INAPNO function:

INTEGER FUNCTION INAPNO (IAPP,NAPP,IAPNO)

This directly produces the serial number of apparatus with IAPNO number. Instead of a DO

loop, the internal INAPNO function is used in the code fragment below.

SUBROUTINE … (…, IAPP, NAPP, …)

INTEGER IAPP(NAPP)

……… * Find apparatus number 25 IAPNO =INAPNO( IAPP, NAPP, 25)

……… END

Available Functions

5-3

If the apparatus involved does not exist, the INAPNO function will return the zero value.

Overview of the available useful functions for working with apparatuses:

INTEGER FUNCTION INAPNO (IAPP,NAPP,IAPNO)

If IAPNO exists in the process diagram, INAPNO will return the serial number of

IAPNO in IAPP. If IAPNO does not exist, INAPNO will return the value 0.

LOGICAL FUNCTION ISAPNO (IAPP,NAPP,IAPNO)

If IAPNO exists in the process diagram, ISAPNO will return the value.TRUE.;

otherwise,.FALSE.

CHARACTER*12 FUNCTION APNAME (NAMAP,IAPP,NAPP,IAPNO)

If IAPNO exists in the process diagram, APNAME will return the name of IAPNO. If

IAPNO does not exist, APNAME will return the value ‘?’.

INTEGER FUNCTION APTYPE (ITYPE,IAPP,NAPP,IAPNO)

If IAPNO exists in the process diagram, APTYPE will give the apparatus type of

IAPNO. If IAPNO does not exist, APTYPE will return the value 0.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

5-4

In the functions stated above, IAPNO is always the number of the apparatus in the diagram.

The meaning of the other variables is:


Contains the apparatus numbers of a process diagram in the following

order:







7. Other types of apparatuses in numerical order

ITYPE = integer array with NAPP elements.

Contains the type numbers of the apparatuses in the process diagram.


NAMAP = character*12 array with NAPP elements.

Contains the names of the apparatuses in the process diagram.


NAPP = the total number of apparatus in a process diagram

Available Functions

5-5

5.3 Useful functions for working with pipes

When working with user subroutines, you often need the serial number of a pipe in the ILIN

array. The first possibility to determine the serial number is to write a DO loop in which

ILIN(L) is compared with the relevant pipe number, as is displayed in the first code

fragment on page 5-2. The second method is to use the INPINO function:

INTEGER FUNCTION INPINO (ILIN,NLIN,IPINO)

This directly produces the serial number of the pipe with IPINO number. The code fragment

below contains an example of the use of INPINO.

SUBROUTINE … (…, ILIN, NLIN, …, PBAR, …) DOUBLE PRECISION PBAR(NLIN,3) INTEGER ILIN(NLIN)

……… * Find pipe number 19

L = INPINO( ILIN, NLIN, 19) * Get pressure at entrance of pipe L

P = PBAR(L,1) ………

END

If the relevant pipe does not exist, the INPINO function will return the value zero.

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

5-6

Overview of the available useful functions for working with pipes:

INTEGER FUNCTION INPINO (ILIN,NLIN,IPINO)

If IPINO exists in the process diagram, INPINO will return the serail number of IPINO

in ILIN. If IPINO does not exist, INPINO will return the value 0.

LOGICAL FUNCTION ISPINO (ILIN,NLIN,IPINO)

If IPINO exists in the process diagram, ISPINO will return the value .TRUE.,

otherwise .FALSE.

LOGICAL FUNCTION ISAPPI( IAPP, ILIN, NAPP, NLIN, IAPNO, IPINO, M)

If apparatus IAPNO and pipe IPINO are connected with each other, ISAPPI will return

the value .TRUE., otherwise .FALSE..

If IAPNO or IPINO do not exist, ISAPPI will also return .FALSE..

In the above functions, IPINO is always the number of the pipe in the diagram and IAPNO is

always the number of the apparatus in the diagram. The meaning of the other variables is:


Contains the apparatus numbers of a process diagram in the following

order:







7. Other types of apparatuses in numerical order

Available Functions

5-7



order.

M = integer array with NLIN*2 elements divided among NLIN rows and 2

columns.

This array is the connection matrix of the process diagram.


pipe:

M (i,1) = element number of the apparatus in IAPP at the pipe inlet (i);

M (i,2) = element number of the apparatus in IAPP at the pipe outlet

ILIN(i);

Thus, the row number is the identification number of a pipe in ILIN.

If, for example, M(5,2) = 3, this means that the apparatus number at the

pipe outlet with pipe number ILIN(5) is identical to IAPP(3).



5.4 Functions for thermodynamic properties

This section contains an overview of functions that can be called to calculate thermodynamic

properties. The meaning of the variables used in the argument lists in the column ‘way of

utilization’ is as follows:

H = enthalpy [kJ/kg]

P = pressure [bar]

S = entropy [kJ/kg K]

T = temperature [°C]

W = mass fraction [-]

X = vapor fraction [-]

XGAS = medium type (see Table 5-1)

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

5-8

Table 5-1: meaning of the contents of the XGAS variable

XGAS Medium type

2 FUEL

1 GASMIX

-1 WATERSTM

-2 POTASIUM

-4<XGAS<-3 DUPONT-database

-5<XGAS<-4 REFPROP-database

-5 NH3-H2O

-8<XGAS<-7 LIQUID-database

See section 4.6 “EPILOG” for the meaning of COMP, CONC, AVERG, IDX, NCOMP,

NLIN and HUC. These variables are used to transfer the composition of a gas mixture

(GASMIX or FUEL) to the relevant function. The same applies to W. This is also a

composition parameter, but for certain mixtures (NH3-H2O, solutions). The L variable is the

serial number of a pipe in ILIN (see also section 4.6 “EPILOG”). L is used for error

messages and also to transfer the composition of a gas mixture (GASMIX or FUEL).

If a specific function is applied to a non-valid medium type, the program will generate an

error message and the calculation is terminated.

Function Description Usage Valid medium

types

cp = f(p,t,comp.) cp value as a function of

pressure, temperature,

and composition

CP = Cp_PT(P, T, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

dv = f(p,t,comp.) dynamic viscosity as a

function of pressure,

temperature and

composition

DV = DV_PT(P ,T, W, XGAS, L)

WATERSTM

Refrigerants 1)

NH3-H2O

dv = f(t,x,comp.) dynamic viscosity as a

function of temperature,

vapor fraction and

composition

DV = DV_TX (T, X, W, XGAS, L)

WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants 1)

NH3-H2O

h = f(p,s,comp.) enthalpy as a function of

pressure, entropy and

composition

H = HPSW( P, S ,W, XGAS, L,

COMP, CONC,

AVERG, IDX,

NCOMP, NLIN)

WATERSTM

GASMIX

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

1) Only REFDROP

Available Functions

5-9


types

h = f(p,x,comp.) enthalpy as a function of

pressure, vapor fraction

and composition

H = HPXW( P, X, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

h = f(p,t,comp.) enthalpy as a function of

pressure, temperature

and composition

H = HPTW( P, T, W, XGAS,

L,COMP, CONC,

AVERG, IDX,

NCOMP, NLIN,

HUC)

WATERSTM

GASMIX

FUEL

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

h = f(t,x,comp.) enthalpy as a function of

temperature, vapor

fraction and composition

H = HTXW( T, X, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

p = f(t,x,comp.) saturation pressure as a


vapor fraction and

composition

P = PTXW( T, X, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

= f(p,t,comp.) Specif ic mass a a


temperature and

composition

SM = SMPTW( P, T, W, XGAS, L) Refrigerants 1)

NH3-H2O

s = f(p,h,comp.) Entropy as a function as

a function of pressure,

enthalpy and

composition

S = SPHW( P, H, W, XGAS, L,

COMP, CONC,

AVERG, IDX,

NCOMP, NLIN,

HUC)

WATERSTM

GASMIX

FUEL

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

s = f(p,t,comp.) Entropy as a function of

pressure, temperature

and composition

S = SPTW( P, T, W, XGAS, L,

COMP, CONC,

AVERG, IDX,

NCOMP, NLIN,

HUC)

WATERSTM

GASMIX

FUEL

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

tc = f(p,t,comp.) Thermal conductivity as

a function of pressure,

temperature, and

composition

TC = TC_PT( P, T, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

Refrigerants1)

NH3-H2O

1) Only REFDROP

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

5-10


types

tc = f(t,x,comp.) Thermal conductivity as

a function of

temperature, vapor

fraction and composition

TC = TC_TX( T, X, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants 1)

t = f(p,h,comp.) Temperature as a


enthalpy and

composition

T = TPHW( P, H, W, XGAS, L,

COMP, CONC,

AVERG, IDX,

NCOMP, NLIN,

HUC)

WATERSTM

GASMIX

FUEL

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

t = f(p,x,comp.) Saturation temperature

as a function of pressure,

vapor fraction and

composition

T = TPXW( P, X, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

v = f(p,h,comp.) Specif ic volume as a


enthalpy and

composition

V = VPHW( P, H, W, XGAS, L,

COMP, CONC,

AVERG, IDX,

NCOMP, NLIN)

WATERSTM

GASMIX

FUEL

Refrigerants

POTASIUM

NH3-H2O

v = f(p,t,comp.) Specif ic volume as a


temperature, and

composition

V = VPTW( P, T, W, XGAS, L,

COMP, CONC,

AVERG, IDX,

NCOMP, NLIN)

WATERSTM

GASMIX

FUEL

Refrigerants

POTASIUM

NH3-H2O

v = f(p,x,comp.) Specif ic volume as a


vapor fraction and

composition

V = VPXW( P, X, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

v = f(t,x,comp.) Specif ic volume as a


vapor fraction and

composition

V = VTXW( T, X, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

x = f(p,h,comp.) Vapor fraction as a


enthalpy and

composition

X = XPHW( P, H, W, XGAS, L) WATERSTM

POTASIUM

Refrigerants

NH3-H2O

1) Only REFPROP

Appendix A: Apparatus Variables

A-1

Appendix A

Apparatus Variables

Contents of the DATA(P) array for all apparatus types (elements 1 through 6)

Type

no.

Name 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 boiler PIN POUT DELP TIN TOUT DELT

2 reheater PIN POUT DELP TIN TOUT DELT

3 turbine PIN PINCND TIN TOUT DELT

4 condenser PIN1 POUT1 DELP1 TIN1 TOUT1 DELT1

5 f lash. heat. PIN1 POUT1 DELP1 TIN1 TOUT1 DELT1

6 heatexchng. PIN1 POUT1 DELP1 TIN1 TOUT1 DELT1

7 deaerator PIN POUT DELP TIN TOUT DELT

8 pump PIN POUT DELP TIN TOUT DELT

9 node DELP

10 sink/source PIN POUT DELP TIN TOUT DELT

11 node+e DELP

12 evaporator PIN1 POUT1 DELP1 TIN1 TOUT1 DELT1

13 combustor PIN POUT DELP TIN TOUT

14 valve DELP

15 drum PIN POUT

20 reformer PIN1 POUT1 DELP1 TIN1 TOUT1 DELT1

21 fuel cell PIN1 POUT1 DELP1 TIN1 TOUT1 DELT1

22 moist. sep. PIN1 POUT1 DELP1 TIN1 TOUT1 DELT1

23 gasif ier PIN1 POUT1 DELP1 TIN1 TOUT1 DELT1

25 scrubber PING POUT DELPG TING

26 separator PIN POUT5 DELP5 TIN TOUT5 DELT5

27 ch. reactor PIN POUT DELP TIN TOUT

28 saturator PING POUTG DELPG TING TOUTG DELTG

29 compressor PIN POUT DELP TIN TOUT DELT

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

A-2

Contents of the DATA(P) array for all apparatus types (elements 7 through 12) (continued)

Type

no.

Name 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 boiler DELE (DELM) ETHAB

2 reheater DELE (DELM) ETHAB

3 turbine ETHAI ETHAM TUCODE DIAIN DIAOUT POUTDS

4 condenser DELE RPSM PIN2 POUT2 DELP2 TIN2

5 f lash. heat. DELE PIN2 POUT2 DELP2 TIN2

6 heat exchng. DELE RPSM PIN2 POUT2 DELP2 TIN2

7 deaerator DELE

8 pump ETHAI ETHAM ETHAE

9 node RMASS(1) RMASS(2) RMASS(3)

10 sink/source DELE DELM HIN HOUT DELH XIN

11 node+e DELE

12 evaporator RPSM PIN2 POUT2 DELP2 TIN2

13 combustor DELE ESTPOU DPREAC

14 valve RMASS(1) RMASS(2) RMASS(3)

15 drum DELE CRATIO

20 reformer DELE RPSM PIN2 POUT2 DELP2 TIN2

21 fuel cell DELE PINCA POUTCA DELPCA TINCA

22 moist. sep. DELE RPSM PIN2 POUT2 DELP2 TIN2

23 gasif ier DELE PIN2 POUT2 DPREAC TIN2

25 scrubber DELE MAXIT PINW DELPW TINW

26 separator DELE POUT6 DELP6

27 ch. reactor DELE MAXIT RMASS(1) RMASS(2) RMASS(3)

28 saturator DELE DELMW PINW POUTW DELPW TINW

29 compressor ETHAI ETHAM PRATI ETHAE

Appendix A: Apparatus Variables

A-3


Type

no.

Name 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 boiler EXFUEL ESTMAS LHV

2 reheater EXFUEL ESTMAS LHV

3 turbine DESMAS POUTRT ETHAID GDCODE

4 condenser TOUT2 DELT2 DELTH DELTL/SATCOD

5 f lash. heat. TOUT2 DELT2 DELTH DELTL/SATCOD

6 heatexchng. TOUT2 DELT2 DELTH DELTL

7 deaerator

8 pump (ETHAIC) (ETHATT)

9 node RMASS(4) RMASS(5) RMASS(6)

10 sink/source XOUT PIPE (IMEQ) ESTMAS LHV SUBTYP

11 node+e

12 evaporator TOUT2 DELT2 DELTH DELTL PRISEC

13 combustor DTREAC (IMEQ1) (IMEQ2) PREACT TREACT

14 valve RMASS(4) PIPE (IMEQ) RVOL(1) RVOL(2) RVOL(3)

15 drum

20 reformer TOUT2 DELT2 PREACT TREACT

21 fuelcell TOUTPS DELTCA (IMEQ) (IEEQ) PREACT TREACT

22 moist. sep. TOUT2 DELT2 (IMEQ) DELTL ESTTGS

23 gasif ier TOUT2 DTREAC (IMEQ) SFRATI PREACT TREACT

25 scrubber RELHUM ESTTEM

26 separator TOUT6 DELT6 (IMEQ) TEMDIF

27 ch. reactor RMASS(4) RMASS(5) ESTMAS PREACT

28 saturator TOUTW PIPE (IMEQ) DELTL RELHUM ESTTEM

29 compressor (COCODE) (ETHAIC) (ETHATT)) ETHAID (VOLFLD)

Cycle-Tempo Manual

User Subroutines

A-4


Type

no.

Name 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 boiler

2 reheater

3 turbine (POWER)

4 condenser DTSUBC

5 f lash. heat.

6 heatexchng.

7 deaerator

8 pump (POWER)

9 node

10 sink/source DTSUBC DTSUPH WFOT ESTTIN ESTTOU DELV DELVN

11 node+e

12 evaporator

13 combustor ESTOFR LAMBDA PASH DPASH TASH DTASH

14 valve RVOL(4) RVOLN(1) RVOLN(2) RVOLN(3) RVOLN(4)

15 drum

20 reformer SFRATI SFMOL

21 fuelcell UFL UOX IPUFL IPUOX DELEP DCAC POWER

22 moist. sep. CGRATI DELTH ESTPGS

23 gasif ier ESTOFR OFRATI PASH DPASH TASH DTASH AFRATI

25 scrubber ESTMLF ESTPGS DSPLIT

26 separator

27 ch. reactor ESTPGS TWGS TCH4R TRUSER

28 saturator ESTMLF DELTH WFOTEB DELTW MLFH2O

29 compressor PRATID PCTRPM (POWER)

The elements 26 through 50 are used only for the fuel cell (type 21), and are currently not

being used for any other apparatus type.

Contents of the DATA(P) array for apparatus type 21 (elements 26 through 50)

element Element element

26 PFCELL 35 (RMK) 43

27 TFCELL 36 (OFRAT) 44 (UC)

28 ICCUFL 37 (UFL) 45 ESTMFL

29 (URATIO) 38 (UOX) 46 ESTMOX

30 TH2OOS 39 PINAN 47 ESTUFL

31 40 POUTAN 48 ESTUOX

32 41 DELPAN 49 DELTAN

33 (RMA1) 42 TINAN 50 XSHIFT

34 (RMA2)