usfws’ arctic focal area: conserving fish and wildlife populations in a changing landscape philip...
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USFWS’ Arctic Focal Area:USFWS’ Arctic Focal Area:
Conserving Fish and Wildlife Conserving Fish and Wildlife Populations in a Changing LandscapePopulations in a Changing Landscape
Philip Martin and Jim ZelenakPhilip Martin and Jim Zelenak
November 2007November 2007
U.S. Fish and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceService
U.S. Fish and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Trust Service Trust
ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities• NationalNational Wildlife RefugesWildlife Refuges
U.S. Fish and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Trust Service Trust
ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities
• NationalNational Wildlife Wildlife RefugesRefuges
• Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species
U.S. Fish and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Trust Service Trust
ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities• NationalNational Wildlife Wildlife RefugesRefuges
• Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species
• Marine MammalsMarine Mammals
U.S. Fish and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Trust Service Trust
ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities• NationalNational Wildlife Wildlife RefugesRefuges
• Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species
• Marine MammalsMarine Mammals
• Migratory BirdsMigratory Birds
U.S. Fish and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Trust Service Trust
ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities• NationalNational Wildlife Wildlife RefugesRefuges
• Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species
• Marine MammalsMarine Mammals
• Migratory BirdsMigratory Birds
• Inter-jurisdictional FishInter-jurisdictional Fish
U.S. Fish and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Trust ResourcesService Trust Resources
• NationalNational Wildlife Wildlife RefugesRefuges
• Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species
• Marine MammalsMarine Mammals
• Migratory BirdsMigratory Birds
• Inter-jurisdictional FishInter-jurisdictional Fish
• Subsistence Subsistence ResourcesResources
Heightened Concern forHeightened Concern forArctic Fish and WildlifeArctic Fish and Wildlife
• Climate Change Forum (February 2007)
• Recent Climate Data
• Sea-ice Observations and Models
• Observed and Predicted Impacts to Ice-dependent Species
Predicting Habitat ChangePredicting Habitat Change
Thermokarst Pits and Polygons, NPR-AMost of the troughs and pits developed since 1989
October 2002
Storm at Barrow
Salt-killed Tundra Resulting From Storm Surges, Fish Creek Delta, Alaska.
(Mars and Houseknecht 2007)
1949 2001
Migratory Birds
WetlandHabitat Structure/Composition
WetnessVegetation
Migratory Birds
WetlandHabitat Structure/Composition
WetnessVegetation
Temperature
Permafrost Degradation
Precipitation-Evaporation Ratio
Salinization
What changes in populations, What changes in populations, biodiversity, key species, and living biodiversity, key species, and living resources are associated with Arctic resources are associated with Arctic
Change?Change?
• WhatWhat impact does Arctic Change have on living resources impact does Arctic Change have on living resources (biomass, diversity, distribution, health, physiological status, and (biomass, diversity, distribution, health, physiological status, and annual biological phenomena [phenology])? annual biological phenomena [phenology])?
• How does Arctic Change, as reflected in populations, biodiversity, How does Arctic Change, as reflected in populations, biodiversity, key species, and ecosystems, interact with driving forces such as key species, and ecosystems, interact with driving forces such as harvesting and cumulative impacts of regional development? harvesting and cumulative impacts of regional development?
• How do changes in species composition and trophic dynamics How do changes in species composition and trophic dynamics associated with Arctic Change affect ecosystem structure and associated with Arctic Change affect ecosystem structure and function, including biogeochemical cycles? function, including biogeochemical cycles?
• What are the most sensitive biotic indicators of Unaami (e.g., What are the most sensitive biotic indicators of Unaami (e.g., indicator species, genetic change, demography, and recruitment, indicator species, genetic change, demography, and recruitment, abundance.)? abundance.)?
Fish and Wildlife Service Trust Resources
Habitat Change
Responding to Change:Responding to Change:Partners in ManagementPartners in Management
Ecosystem Processes
Resource Management Agencies: BLM, NMFS, MMS, ADFG, NSB
Research Community: USGS, NOAA, SEARCH, NSSI,
NSF, NGOs