usgs scientific investigations map 2932-b sheet 1 · 11 11 11 100 1 0 0 1 00 5 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 1 0...
TRANSCRIPT
11
11
11
100
100
100
500
500
1000
1000
2000
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300 0
3000
3000
4000
5000
60007000
8000
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1000
0
30 0 0
Volcano
Glenwood
Hawaiian VolcanoObservatory
Punalu‘u
Pāhala
Puʻuʻeleʻele f low
Kauh iuh i f l ow
Keakapulu Flat f low
Pahuamimi f low
Ki lohana f low
Puʻu ʻe le ʻe le f l ow
Waim
uku flow
Kapāpala Ranch flow
Keʻāmuku Kīpukakulal io east f low
Puʻuwahi flow
Kīpukamaunaʻiu flow
Kapāpala flow
Kaʻiliʻula flow
Flow 393
Puʻuʻulaʻula f low
Palakea Flat flow
Kaʻū High School flow
Flow 890
Moaʻula flow
Red Cone flow
Flow 350
Flow 983
West W
ood Valley flow
Kaʻalaʻala Gulch flow
ʻŌhaikea flow
Flow 348
Laeʻopuhili flow
Flow 296
Kīpukakēkake flow
Kilohana flow
Flow 884
Ke ʻāmuku K īpukakēkake f low
AD 1880-81
ʻlliokōloa flow
Flow 841Upper Strip Road flow
Kīpukamaunaʻiu flow
Keʻām
uku
Kīpuk
akul
alio
eas
t flo
w
Cow Pasture picrite flow
Flow 989
East Wood Valley flow
ʻlliokōloa flow
Upper Strip Road flow
Kaʻū High School flow
Flow 891
Cow Pasture flow
Flow NE of 1880
Keauhou Ranch flow
Kauhiuhi Maluikeao flow
Keakapulu Flat flow
Flow 884
Kīpukalōʻihi flow
Nīnole Basalt
Flow 899
Flow NE of 1880
Flow 989
Flow 882
Palakea Flat flow
Cow Pas
ture
flow
Pāʻauʻau flow
ʻUaʻu flow
Kauhuhuʻula flow
Flow 882
Flow 884Nīnole Basalt
Flow 392
Flow 884
Upper Strip Road flow
Kīpukamauna ʻ iu f l ow
Ke A Po ʻomuku Lava F low
Keʻāmuku Kīpukakulalio east flow
Flow 890
Uēwale Gulch flow
ʻAhulili flow
KUMU
KA
PĀ
PA
LA
Kālu‘e
Ka‘ahaKA‘ALA‘ALA
Pu‘ukou
PU‘UKOA
Pālima Point
PĀLIMA
K E A Ī W A
PuhimauCrater
Halema‘uma‘u
Pu‘upiliKamehame
Hill
‘Āinapō
‘Āinapō
WAIMUKU
Pu‘ukoa‘e
Pu‘umo‘o
KīlaueaKīlaueaMilitary Camp
HALELUA
‘AHULILI
Pu‘ukaone
Pu‘upili
K A P Ā P A L A
MAKAKUPU
‘ILIOKŌLOA
Kauhiuhi
WAILOA
KA‘ILI‘ULA
Pu‘uKolekole
Pu‘u‘ula‘ula
RedCones
K īpukakula l io
Pu‘u
nāhā
hā
Pahuamimi
Maluikeao
‘ILIOKŌLOA
Ka‘ōiki
P
ali
Pu‘ukuanēnē
Nāpu‘ukū lua
Kū‘ē‘ēRuins
Kīpukanēnē
K īpuka‘āh iu
KA
UH
UH
U‘ U
LA
Ka‘ ū
Des e
r t
YellowCone
‘ Ō L A ‘ A
F O R E S T R E S E R V E
MO
HO
KE
AN
UI
Keanabihopa
Kamakai‘a Uka
Kakiiwai
Keaoi
KapaooPoint
Makahanu PaliK īpukakula l io
Kamakai‘a Waena
K A ‘ A L A ‘ A L A M A K A I
HalfwayHouse
LuamanuCrater
K ī lauea Crater
Keakapulu Flat
KAUHUHU‘ULA IKI
Kapāpala Ranch
Kamakai‘a Hills
Kōko‘olauCrater
Keal
aale
a Hi
lls
CHAIN OF CRATERS
Kīlauea IkiCrater Thurston
Lava Tube
Keanakāko‘iCrater
MaunaikiLava Shield
KanenuiohamoLava Shield
Ulekuwale
KĪLAUEA IKI TRAIL
Halema‘uma‘u Parking Area
Ke‘āmuku Lava
Flow
Park House
Lava Flow of 1880
Ka‘ōi
ki
Pali
HA
WA
I‘I
VO
LC
AN
OE
S N
AT
ION
AL
PA
RK
Grea
t
Crac
k
Uēwale Gu lch
Wai ‘ akaloa
Gulch
WOOD VALLEY
HOMESTEADSPeleli‘ili‘i Gulch
Ipu‘u Ridge
MakakupuGulch
Ka‘ala‘ala Gulch
Keāīwa Gulch
PĀLIM
A
PĀ‘AU‘AU 1
PĀ‘AU‘AU 1
HI‘O
NAMO
A
PĀ ‘AU‘AU 2
Kīpu
kape
peia
o H i l i n a
P a l i
Kīpukamauna‘iuPu‘ukapukapu
Spring
W a i h a k a G u l c h
K A P Ā P A L A
Anipe‘ahi
H A WA I ‘ I V O L C A N O E S N AT I O N A L PA R K
KĪ L
AU
EA
F O
RE
S T
RE
S ER
VE
UPPER ‘ŌLA‘A
FOREST RESERVE
HAWAI‘I
VOLCANOES
NATIONAL PARK ‘ŌLA‘A
RESERVATION
LOTS
K A H A U A L E ‘ A
NāpauCrater
Pu‘u Huluhulu
Hi‘iakaCrater
HAWAI‘I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK
JEEP TRAIL
WaiapeleBay
MahukaBay
Waioala Spring
Waterholes
290
640
350
340
230
720
540
300
780
340
300
760
300
570
530
8720
1585
9300
1810
14701400
1290
8550
1700
9680
2000
2950
1830
9960
8955
1465
1310
1510
1910
3630
8740
2270
21902340
1270
1510
1360
1505
2890
1480
1460
1435
1550
1640
13302880
1360
4400
25000
26450
1060010030
10010
3102025790
26630
290
9500
1285
83708550
4030 4340
961
1840
1820
1510
4340
15611586
1560
ts
p2e8
p2a4
p2i3
p2c6
p2i5
a1g1
a4j8
p2b10
p1k5
p2e8
p2f7
p2e14
a1a3
p1k2
p1e8
p1a3
n
p9g2
p5a5
a0b2
p8e1
a4j8
m10b1
a1k5
p9b4
a1k2
p2b2
ts
p2g22
ts
p2b16
p2c6
n
p3e4
p2b15
p4a1
p2e14
p1g4
p2j17
m8k3
p1l6
p3e4
p2a4
a2a4
a3a2
m10k4
a2a12
p1b7
a4a10
a5b7
a3l5
m1k2
m1k2
p3b10
p2g22
a2k13
p8e1
ts
ts
p3e4
a3i8
p1k5
a3i8
p2a19
p2b15
p2g22
a2k21
p3e4
a2e8
a3a2
p4g2
m1l6
p2b10
p2e8a4l7
a2k20
p2e8
ts
m1k5
p9g2
ts
p5f6
a3l5
a2a18
a2e8
K
p2g22 a4l7 p3i8
p8e5
a5b3
a2g1
a6c3
p1k2
p1a3
K
p9h1
p2b24
p10a3
p8e5
p2c6
p2a4
a2k20
ts
a2e8
K
p9g2
a2a18
ts
p1e8
ts
tsts
a9k3
s5a8
p2g22
p1i9p2a18
p11a1
a2a19
a2k21
p3a9
m3i8
p5h4
p2e8
p9g2
p1l6
p10a3
p2b23
p3e4
p3e4
a5b7
p3b10
a3l5
p3e4
p1k2
p1e8
a11a4
a4a9
p2b15
p2i3
p3e4
a5b7
a4l7
p4a3
p2a19
p2i3
p9g2
a2e8
a6k2
p8e5
a2a18
p9h1
a8i4
ts
ts
p5a2
p3e4
a5b7a1k2a1k2
a2k20
p1a3
a2k13
p2i3
ts
m10b1
p1l6
p10k4
p2e8
p11b3
a6d1
p1l6
p2i5
p2g22
p2g22
p8e5
p1k5
p4c6
p11a1
p2k20
p3b10
p2e14
p4k4
a0a1
p4a11
a1e8
p2e8
p9h1
p1l6
p1l6
p10b1
a3a2
p8e5
p2i3
p1k5
a6a4
a2k20
p1a3
p1k5
p2g22
p9g2
p2k11
a2k20
p2g22
a3a2p2g22
p2e14 p2a19
a1k5
a1l6
a6k2
a6d1
p2k20
p1l6
p1k2
m3e4
a4l7
p2g22
K
p2j17
a3a2
p3e4
a10i5
p1k5
p8e5
p2a19
a9b5
p10g6
p9b5
p1i9
p2b2
p5a2a1a3
p1k2
a3a1
p10b1
p10c2
m10k4
a3a1
a3i3
m3a7
a3l5 m1a3
m10k4
p13f3
a13f2a13f3
a13f2
a13f3
p11a2
m13b1
a3a1
p11b3
a10k4
a11a4
p10k4
p13f3
p4l5p2c6
p2f7
p2b10
p2b10
p2c25
p9b4
p2e8
p9h1
p8b2
a4a3
p9b4
p5h4
p2e8
a5h4p2e8
ts p2e14
m5a1
p2e14
p2i3
p3e4
a2a18
a2k13a2k13
p2a18a2a18
p5a2p4a12
a1k2p1e8
a4g2a1k2
p1b7
p1e8
a4j8
a4j8
p2g22
p1g4
p2c6
p2i5
p2i5
p2a4
p2a4
p1a3a1e8
a2k20
a0b2
a1k2
p1k2
a11a2
a1g1
p8e1
ts
a1l6
p2f9
a2a18
a2k11
m5b7
a1g1
p3e4
p2g22
p3b10
p2f7
p3b10
p2b2
p2b9
p9g2
p3e4
p2g22
pa
pa
a5b7
p2g22
K
K
K
K
–155°30'19°30'
19°15'
19°07'30"
19°22'30"
–155°22'30"–155°15'
–155°07'30"19°30'
–155°07'30"19°22'30"
–155°15'19°15'
–155°22'30"19°07'30"–155°30'
EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS
Contact—Approximately located. Internal contact defines flows
Fault—Ball and bar on downthrown block. Dotted where concealed
Fissure—Trace of fissure
Ground-crack zone
‘A‘ā and mixed flows
Spatter
Ash—Ash (unit ts) covering flows
Kīlauea Volcano deposits—Exposed in southern part of map area
Radiocarbon-dated sample locality—Age shown in yr B.P. See table 2 (pamphlet) for analytical data; note that not all age localities are in map area
Sample from surface flow—CharcoalSample from measured section—Does not date surface
flow
K
4790
8730
Figure 1. Map showing subaerial volcanoes (green boundary) forming Island of Hawai‘i, main rift zones (orange) and fissures (red lines) on Mauna Loa, and 7.5-minute topographic quadrangles (shaded) in and adjacent to map area.
–156°
20°
19°30'
19°
–155°30' –155°
P A C I F I C
O C E A N
Kīlauea
Hualālai
Mauna Kea
Kohala
Mauna Loa
Northeast Rift Zone
Sout
hwes
t Rift
Zone
MaunaLoa
PuuMakaalaKulani
KokoolauPuu Ulaula
Pahala
VolcanoKilaueaCrater
KauDesert
KipukaPakekake
WoodValley
KeaiwaReservoir
Punaluu
Moku‘āweoweoCaldera
0
2
3
1
5
4
6
8
9
10
11
13
15
Table 3. Explanation of map unit labels, colors, and patterns for lava flows and vent deposits on Mauna Loa, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii. [Map unit labels for lava flows and vent deposits consist of four parts that identify flow morphology, flow age group, phenocryst mineralogy, and flow number in an age group. For example, unit p10e1 is a pāhoehoe flow (p) dated 9,000 to 10,000 radiocarbon yr B.P. (10) that contains >15% olivine phenocrysts (e) and is the youngest flow in Age Group 10 (1). Materials dated include charcoal, roots, twigs, vegetative litter, or unaltered wood (rarely). All ages are reported in radiocarbon yr B.P. (before the calendar year datum of A.D. 1950). Pyroxene is not an abundant phenocryst in Mauna Loa lava flows and, therefore, is not included in phenocryst mineralogy]
Flow morphology (letter; for example p10e1)
Spatter, tephra, and cinder-fall deposits
Pāhoehoe
‘A‘ā
Mixed ‘a‘ā and pāhoehoe
Littoral
Ash deposits
Flow age group (number; for example p10e1)
A.D. 1843 and younger
A.D. 1984 flow
A.D. 1880–81 flow
Pre-A.D. 1832 to 1,000 yr B.P.
1,000–2,000 yr B.P.
2,000–3,000 yr B.P.
3,000–4,000 yr B.P.
4,000–5,000 yr B.P.
5,000–6,000 yr B.P.
7,000–8,000 yr B.P.
8,000–9,000 yr B.P.
9,000–10,000 yr B.P.
10,000–15,000 yr B.P.
Flow age group (number; for example p10e1)—Continued
20,000–30,000 yr B.P.
>100,000 yr B.P.
Phenocryst mineralogy (letter; for example p10e1)
Aphanitic (<1% of any mineral)
1–5% olivine
5–10% olivine
10–15% olivine
>15% olivine
Variable amounts of olivine (2–30%)
1–5% plagioclase
5–10% plagioclase
Mixed, 1–5% olivine + 1–5% plagioclase
Mixed, >5% olivine + 1–5% plagioclase
Mixed, 1–5% olivine + >5% plagioclase
Mixed, >5% olivine + >5% plagioclase
Flow number in age group (number; for example p10e1)
Youngest flow in any age group
Next youngest flow in any age group
Number increases as age increases
s
p
a
m
l
z
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
1
2
3
P A C I F I C O C E A N
P A C I F I C O C E A N
Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government
This map also is offered in an online, digital version. Users should be aware that, because of differences in rendering processes and pixel resolution, some slight distortion of scale may occur when viewing the online version on a computer screen or when printing it on an electronic plotter, even when it is viewed or printed at its intended publication scale
For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, 1–888–ASK–USGS
Digital files available at https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B
Suggested citation: Trusdell, F.A., and Lockwood, J.P., 2019, Geologic map of the central-southeast flank of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii: Scientific Investigations Map 2932–B, pamphlet 23 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:50,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B.
Original U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps:1:24,000: Kau, 1981; Kilauea Crater, 1981; Kipuka Pakekake, 1981; Pahala, 1981; Volcano, 1981; Wood Valley, 1981; 1:100,000: Hawaii County, Hawaii, 1980
U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000, digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital line graphs (DLGs) (https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#9/19.3228/-155.3865):Contours (100 ft) interpolated from DEMsRoads from DLGs, combined with TIGER/line data. Roads updated 2001 by Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources and Division of Forestry and WildlifeAdministrative boundaries (historic land divisions, ca. 1850 ahupua‘a boundaries and ca. 1900 coastlines) from DLGsHydrology polyline geodatabase extracted from DLGs
U.S. Geological Survey, 1:100,000, Historical Map of Hawaii, GEOPDF (https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#10/19.4167/-155.51495):Geographic names verified August 2017 (https://geonames.usgs.gov/)
Universal Transverse Mercator projection
THIS MAP IS NOT INTENDED FOR NAVIGATION
Geology mapped by J.P. Lockwood (1975–1995) and F.A. Trusdell (1987–1995)GIS database by F.A. TrusdellEdited by J.L. Zigler; digital cartographic production by Donna L. Knifong and Katie SullivanManuscript approved for publication February 5, 2009
ISSN 2329-1311 (print)ISSN 2329-132X (online)
https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B
Geologic Map of the Central-Southeast Flank of Mauna Loa Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, HawaiiBy
Frank A. Trusdell and John P. Lockwood2019
CONTOUR INTERVAL 100 FEETDATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL
APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION AT CENTER OF MAP, 2018
9 / °14
MA
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ETIC
NO
RTH
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U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
Scientific Investigations Map 2932–BSheet 1 of 2
Pamphlet accompanies map
Photograph showing a 1984 fissure that began erupting at the 3,409 m (11,185 ft) elevation, sending a flow southeast towards Kīlauea Volcano. Photograph by John P. Lockwood, U.S. Geological Survey.
Photograph showing a 1984 fissure at 3,409 m (11,185 ft) elevation that is sending a flow southeast towards Kīlauea Volcano; the tip of the 1984 flow is found in the north-central portion of the map sheet. Photograph by Robert Decker, U.S. Geological Survey.