using and configuring storage devices guide to operating systems third edition

Using and Configuring Storage Devices

Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition 2

Objectives

After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to:

• Understand basic disk drive interface technologies

• Compare the different types of CD-ROM and DVD storage

• Explain the differences between a storage area network (SAN) and network attached storage (NAS)


Objectives (continued)

• Discuss various removable storage options

• Describe tape drive options and their advantages and disadvantages

• Briefly discuss storage management options in different operating systems


Disk Storage Options

• Briefly discuss various storage technologies

• Most computers arrive with;

– 3.5-inch floppy drive

– high-density floppy or Zip disk

– hard drive

– CD-ROM or DVD drive


Hard Drive Interfaces

• Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)

– most popular hard drive interface


Hard Drive Interfaces (continued)

• Master

– the first or main drive

• Slave

– secondary storage device



• Three 40-pin header connectors

• Enhanced IDE (EIDE)

– transfer speeds as high as 22 megabits per second

• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

– fast interface

– 8 to 16 devices



• Platters, heads, tracks, and sectors per track vary widely from hard disk to hard disk

• EIDE and SCSI provide ways for the controllers to communicate with the disk



• Disk geometry

– information about the hard disk

– configuration

• Storage capacity

– few megabytes to several gigabytes


Basic and Dynamic Disks

• Basic disk

– physical hard drive

– primary partitions, extended partitions, or logical drives

• Dynamic Disks

– volumes that span multiple disks

– fault tolerant disks


RAID Arrays

• Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives (RAID)

• RAID arrays

– increased reliability

– increased storage capacity

– increased speed


RAID Arrays (continued)

• Different levels of RAID focus on different purposes

• RAID is implemented as a combination of hardware and software


CD-ROM and DVD

• Optical rather than magnetic technology

– compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM)

– digital versatile disc (DVD)


Compact Disk (CD) Technology

• Use a big “spiral” that starts at the inside of the disk and winds itself to the outside of the disc


Compact Disk (CD) Technology (continued)

• Rotated by a precision motor that keeps the disc speed constant

• Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

– bits encoded in it as other disks do

– error correction bits encoded on the disc


Digital Video Disc (DVD) Technology

• Works like the CD-ROM

• Two sides with up to two layers per side

• Laser light is reflected

• DVD has a spiral that moves from the middle of the disk to the outside like a conventional CD-ROM, but also has a second layer


Recordable and Rewritable CD and DVD

• CD-R and DVD-R

– record data once on the media, and then it can be read many times

– R stands for recordable

• CD-RW and DVD-RW can

– write on the media thousands of times

– RW stands for rewritable


Recordable and Rewritable CD and DVD

(continued)


CD-ROM and DVD-ROM Interfaces

• Connected using a hard disk interface

• EIDE interface with SCSI as a close second

• Drivers for CD-ROM and DVD-ROM built in


Connecting Drives

• Connect as hard disks

– EIDE or SCSI

– USB

– FireWire

• Make sure you have the drivers


Network Storage

• Storage Area Networks (SANs) for– backups

– disaster recovery

– availability of data

• SANs connect servers and storage systems without sending data over the corporate network

• Use Fibre Channel fabric


Network Storage (continued)



• Network Attached Storage (NAS) for– directly attach to a local area network

– work with multiple operating systems

– use LAN rather than a Fibre Channel


Removable Disks and Mobile Storage

• Removable disks are hard disks with a twist

• The first group of drives are those that use flexible magnetic disks such as Zip disks

• The second group consists of drives that use hard platters such as Castlewood’s ORB drives


Removable Large-Capacity Floppy

Drives

• The Zip drive is addressed like a hard disk

– storage capacity of 100 or 750 MB

– external and internal varieties with printer port, SCSI, EIDE, or USB connections


Removable Rigid Cartridges

• Castlewood Systems, Inc. makes the ORB 2.2 GB and the ORB 5.7 GB drives

• The ORB drives come in

– EIDE, SCSI, USB, and FireWire models


Mini USB Drives

• Mini or thumb drives

– use USB port

– Plug and Play

– 64 MB to 1 GB

• Table 6-2 shows storage devices and capacities


Mini USB Drives (continued)


Tape drives

• Used to back up large volumes of data

• Popular for long term storage

• Tape media capacities:


DAT Drives

• Digital Audio Tape drives

– use 4-mm tapes

– digital data storage (DDS) tapes

– DDS-4 capacity 20 Gb (40 Gb compressed)

– backward compatible with other DDS tapes


DLT and SDLT Drives

• Digital Linear Tape drives

– use half-inch wide tapes

– 128 to 208 tracks

– DLT-III tapes are 10 GB (20 GB compressed)

– used in automated tape backup systems


DLT and SDLT Drives (continued)

• Super Digital Linear Tape drives

– magnetic and optical recording methods

– 160 Gb (320 Gb compressed)

– up to 640 Mb (1.28 Tb compressed)

– 1.2 Tb (2.4 Tb compressed) to be released in 2006 or 2007


AIT and S-AIT Drives

• Advanced Intelligent Tape or Super Advanced Intelligent Tape drives

• erasable memory chip in cartridge

• 35/90 Gb to 500 Gb/1.3 TB

• good for 500,000 hours of operation


LTO Drives

• Linear Tape Open drives

• high-end server market

• 100 Gb cartridge with 16 Mbps transfer rate

• 1.6 Tb with 320 Mbps transfer rate planned for future


Windows Removable Storage Options

• Introduced in Windows 2000

• Tracks tapes, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, optical

disks

• Figure 6-6 shows the Removable Storage

section under Computer Management in

Windows 2000


Windows Removable Storage Options (continued)


Storage Management Tools

• OS tools and commands to manage storage

devices

• See the Hands-on Projects for step-by-step

instructions


Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003

• Use Windows Disk Management snap-in tool

– view and manage hard disks

– see Figure 6-7


Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 (continued)


UNIX/Linux

• Managing, formatting, and partitioning disks

– fdisk

– format

– sfdisk

– cfdisk


UNIX/Linux (continued)

• Mount a file system

– mount

– User Mount Tool


UNIX/Linux (continued)

• GNOME-based Hardware Browser


NetWare 6.x

• Novell Storage Services (NSS)


Mac OS X

• Disk Utility

– repair the disk using the First Aid option

– erase the contents

– partition and format the disk

– set up RAID

– restore a disk image or volume


Mac OS X (continued)


Summary

• Conceptual overview of how operating systems interface with storage devices

• Storage technologies such as hard disk drives, RAID arrays, CD-ROMs, and DVD drives

• Removable storage devices such as Zip disk and ORB drivers


Summary (continued)

• Storage are networks (SANS) and network attached storage (NAS)

• Tape drive options such as DAT, DLT SDLT AIT, S-AIT, and LTO drives


Summary (continued)

• Storage management tools

– disk management

– disk defragmenter

– event viewer

– Performance Logs and Alerts

using and configuring storage devices guide to operating systems third edition

Documents

disk slide

different operating

dvd drive slide

disc slide

storage devices guide

storage nas slide

edition slide

software slide