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USING EMBODIED CONTEMPLATIVE PRACTICES IN THE TREATMENT OF
DISORDERED EATING
LAURA BIRON, MBA, RDN, CD, CEDRD, KYT
Continuum of Eating Behaviors
Normal Worried Disordered Eating (Intuitive) Eating Eating Disorder Eating
Emotional Health
Social Connection
Exercise Sleep
Contemplative Practices
EMBODIED CONTEMPLATIVE PRACTICES
• Paying attention • On purpose • Non-judgementally • To the present moment direct experience or sensory
awareness in the body
EMBODIED CHECK-IN
! Energy in the body as a whole ! Speed of thoughts ! Depth of breathe ! Emotional tone ! Sensation in the body ! Am I in my body?
INTEROCEPTION
INTEROCEPTION
Process of
• Receiving
• Assessing
• Appraising
Response
Environment
Goals
History
Bodily Signals
DISCONNECTION
Foot Ball Connective Tissue Release for the Plantar Fascia
INTEROCEPTIVE DEFICITS
Its not that I can’t tell when I’m hungry or
full, I can’t tolerate the sensation of fullness or the feeling of guilt for
having eaten.
PRACTICE: EMBODIED SELF –COMPASSION BREAK
1. Acknowledge that you are struggling
2. Acknowledge that all human beings have times when they struggle
3. Locate the area of struggle in your body and offer yourself compassion • A caring touch • Kind words • Breathe • Stop when you have had a digestible dose of self-compassion
NEUROSCIENCE DISCOVERIES
Insula • Altered insular activity in individuals with AN may result in a “fundamentally
and physiologically altered sense of self” (Kaye, Fudge & Paulus, 2009)
• Interoception increases plasticity in medial and anterior insula and activates mindfulness centers of the brain (Farb, 2010)
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) • rCBF appears relateed to the AN recovery process and might be associatied
with improvement of interoceptive awareness following treatment (Matsumoto, et al, 2006)
Brain-derived neurotophic factor • Blood levels negatively correlated with interoceptive awareness scores in
both AN and BN (Mercder et al 2010)
NEUROSCIENCE DISCOVERIES
Default Mode Network (DMN)
• Meditative practices have also been found to be typically associated with altered activation of the so-called default mode network (DMN) (Raichle et
al., 2001)
Cortical Areas
• Meditative practices have been found to enhance connectivity between cortical regions implicated in self-monitoring and cognitive control (Brewer et al., 2011).
HOT SPOTS FOR MINDFULNESS
BENEFITS
• Reduce eating disorder symptoms and food preoccupation (Carei, Fyfe-Johnson, Breuner & Brown, 2010)
• Greater body awareness, acceptance and satisfaction; and less self-objectification. Less self-objectification is correlated with fewer disordered eating attitudes and greater interoceptive awareness. (Daubenmier, 2005; Impett, Daubenmier & Hirschman. 2000)
• Mind body approach is more effective in improving body image than one that focuses solely on the body and more frequent practice produces better results (Delaney & Anthis, 2010)
TAKE AWAYS
Used skillfully, embodied contemplative practices can help patients reconnect with their bodies by:
• Increasing window of tolerance for negatively conditioned sensations, like hunger and fullness.
• Restoring adaptive appraisal processes.
• Allowing for a return to eating in attunement.
RESOURCES AND REFERENCES
• International Association of Eating Disorders http://www.iaedp.com
• Mehler P, Andersen, A 2010. Eating Disorders, A Guide to Medical Care and Complications. Maryland, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
• National Eating Disorder Association https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org
• Raun, T., Siegel, T., Lazaar, S (2016). “Yoga and Eating Disorders: What the Research Does and Doesn’t Say”. Yoga and Eating Disorders, Ancient Healing for Modern Illness Edited by Costin, C, Kelly, J., New York, NY: Routledge
• Farb N. , et al., (2015). Interoception, contemplative practice, and health. Frontiers in Psychology, 6:763.
