using humor and metaphorical thinking in your work

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Using Humor & Metaphors in Your Work CPAD Darren Kaltved, M.Ed. Vic Massaglia, M.A.

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Page 1: Using Humor And Metaphorical Thinking In Your Work

Using Humor & Metaphors in Your Work

CPAD

Darren Kaltved, M.Ed.

Vic Massaglia, M.A.

Page 2: Using Humor And Metaphorical Thinking In Your Work

"He who laughs; lasts." ~ Anonymous

"Laughter is the shortest

distance between two people." ~ Victor Borge

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How Many Times A Day Do Adults Laugh?

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Laughs per Day90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

ChildrenGrown ups

150-400

Fake Graph, Smith 2004 ;43 (2), Imaginary Journal

15

Page 5: Using Humor And Metaphorical Thinking In Your Work

Kids

Adults

Laughs per Day

Another Fake Graph, Smith 2005 ;43 (2), Imaginary Journal

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Benefits of Humor Holistic Treatment of the critically ill &

terminally ill Adds in defending against infections Good for respiratory and cardio

vascular system – stimulates immune system

Reduces stress One of the best devices to combat

burn-outNevo & Foster

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(if you agree it does)

 How Does Humor Help the Counseling

Relationship?

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 How Does Humor Help the Counseling Relationship?

Building the relationship:  it produces a bond between the therapist and the client.  It also facilitates rapport and self-disclosure (Golding & Bordan, 1999).  According to Maples et al. (2001)  it helps establish a more collaborative and friendly relation. 

Increasing Communication and Attending:  through humor, messages can be expressed in an indirect and less threatening way, allowing the client to attend and understand what is being said. 

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 How Does Humor Help the Counseling Relationship?

Changing Feelings:  humor allows people to experience for a period of time a relief from their depressive or anxious mood. 

Changing Thoughts:  humor allows clients to change the way they perceive different situations  by  giving a new perspective or through incongruity. 

Changing Behavior:  when people are in a better mood they become more active, may try out new activities.

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HUMOR’S EFFECTIVENESS:A “CLEESIAN” PERSPECTIVE

I. Humor facilitates learning.

II. Humor helps change people’s behavior.

III. Humor promotes an increase in creativity.

IV. Humor reduces stress.

From the videotape “Humor Is Not A Luxury”

by John Cleese, available from Video Arts

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Five Things Humor Will Do For You:

1. Releases negative emotions such as anger & guilt

2. Improves enthusiasm for work

3. Reduces inhibitions & increases self-confidence

4. Humorous people face life's problems better

5. Sense of humor is the #1 romantically attractive trait Kevin Lee Smith

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KEYS TO THE SUCCESSFUL USE OF HUMOR

I. Relationship

II. Rapport

III. Setting

IV. Timing

Jim Winter - www.wavelength.biz

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I. RELATIONSHIP

Know your audience

Make your intentions clear

Tell stories with a purpose

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II. RAPPORT

Understand your audience’s feelings

Should be laughing with, not at someone

Obtain permission to tease

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Funniest Resume Mistakes, Bloopers and Blunders Ever

“2001 summer Voluntary work for taking care of the elderly and vegetable people”

Candidate wrote resume as a play – Act 1, Act 2, etc.

Under “job related skills” – for a web designer – “can function without additional oxygen at 24,000 feet”.

One applicant for a nursing position noted that she didn’t like dealing with blood or needles.

“Seeking a party-time position with potential for advancement.”

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Funniest Resume Mistakes, Bloopers and Blunders Ever

“Able to say the ABCs backward in under five seconds.”

“Personal interests: donating blood. Fourteen gallons so far.”

“Instrumental in ruining entire operation for a Midwest chain store.”

Skills: “I have integrity so I will not steal office supplies and take them home.”

Objective: “I would like to work for a company that is very lax when it comes to tardiness.”

References: “Bill, Tom, Eric. But I don’t know their phone numbers.”

Awards: “National record for eating 45 eggs in two minutes.”

Education: “I have a bachelorette degree in computers.”

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III. SETTING

Make sure the humor is appropriate for the space

Respect everyone within earshot

Humor should enhance, not distract

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IV. TIMING

Allow time for the imagination to work

Never rush a punch line

Remember the non-verbal pathway to humor

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KEYS TO THE SUCCESSFUL USE OF HUMOR

I. Relationship

II. Rapport

III. Setting

IV. Timing

V. Areas of Humor to Avoid

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AREAS OF HUMOR TO LIKELY AVOID

Politics

Sexual

Ethnic\Racial

Religious \ Political

Hostile \ Sick

Demeaning to Men \ Women

Graveyard

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How Can Humor Be Destructive?

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Guidelines for the proper use of humor in counseling

There are certain considerations that the counselor must think of before applying humor in the counseling process.  Some of these are:     

     Observe the client student's mood to determine

if the humor will be appreciated or not (Tichacek, n.d.)

 Start slowly (Tichacek, n.d.)

 Make it relevant to the student's situation (Tichacek, n.d.)

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Guidelines for the proper use of humor in counseling

Do not use humor as a put-down  (Gladdin, 1995)

 Do not use it too frequently because it becomes boring (Gladdin, 1995)

 Use it in an appropriated time (Gladdin, 1995)

 Consider the student's sense of humor (Gladdin, 1995) 

  

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HOW TO DEVELOP YOUR PERSONAL SENSE OF

HUMOR Look for humor in everything

Collect humor

Smile more

Participate in humorous

activities

Hang out with funny people –

try the humor buddy system

• Use humor in your correspondence \

surveys \ tests

• Try out other styles \ forms of humor

• Tell stories on yourself

• Have some sort of humor always at

the ready

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HOW TO DEVELOP YOUR PERSONAL SENSE OF

HUMOR

Collect Humor

Keep a journal \ file \ bulletin board \ library of:

Books Magazines Cartoons Headlines

Jokes Stories Excuses Oxymoron's

Signs Anecdotes Videos \ Audio Tapes

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What Are the Multicultural Implications?

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Prayer: God Grant Me the Senility to

Forget the People I Never Liked Anyway, the Good

Fortune to Run Into the Ones I Do, and the Eyesight to Tell the

Difference.

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Take your work seriously--and yourself

lightly"From there to here, from here to there, funny things are

everywhere." ~ Dr. Seuss

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“Key metaphors help determine what and how we perceive and how we think about our perceptions.”       

~M. H. Abrams

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“Time is Money”What do you think of when you hear this?

What images come to mind?

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Metaphorical Thinking

Metaphorical Thinking: A direct comparison between two unrelated or

indirectly linked things. (a bridge between the new and the familiar)

Can be used to improve communications: They can add impact or can help you explain a difficult concept by association with a more familiar one.

It can be a good way to build connections because the human mind tends to look for similarities (Making Truth: Metaphor in Science, T.L. Brown, 2003).  – For instance, scientists will describe the distribution of

mass in the universe as foam-like or that the earth is like a living organism.

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As for career counselors, we also have the opportunity to describe career development concepts using metaphors – especially new concepts or ideas– such as the relationship between dating and

interviewing.– Branding – branding products or services– The world is your canvas, what picture do you want to

paint?

What other metaphors do you use?

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How do we make this work? They key to instituting this methodology is to get

students or clients to awaken their image-thinking part of their brain. – Ever wonder why the word “Image” is the root word for

“Imagination?”– A word is worth a thousand pictures!

Create a whole new world of perception, understanding and experience – a clearer meaning– Einstein once said “I rarely think in words at all”

Use physical drawings or pictures to create visualization– Wikipedia or Google Images

Don’t just stick with one metaphor…have alternates

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ExamplesSoftware Development at Microsoft: Microsoft builds its software in conditions of considerable security. The software

developers are large groups of skilled professionals who are kept separate from other employees under the authority of a senior project manager.

HERE IS WHAT THEY ACTUALLY SAID… Microsoft…(builds its) software like cathedrals, in that a cloistered team of

software developers work…much as medieval cathedrals were built by vast armies of craftsmen under the authority of a bishop or high cleric.

WHAT NEW IMAGERY WAS CREATED IN THE ACTUAL STATEMENT?

Images: Messages:Cathedral More PhysicalCloister More VisualArmies More RomanticCraftsmen Less Bald

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ExamplesAsked to use a metaphor to describe their careers, over

50% used the word “Journey”

Words: Career Path Career Exploration Career Ladder or Career Plateau Progress, Climb, Destination, Map, Track, Journey, Path Fit, Match (Assessment-oriented)

Phrases: Your career is a journey not a destination I want my career to be on the fast-track Interviewing is like going on a first date… It’s a roller-coaster ride It is like fitting a square peg into a round hole

What about descriptors – the more the better. Remember your goal - to create understanding!

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ResourcesNevo, O. (1996). Uses of humor in career counseling. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, March, 188-196.

Bordan, T. & Goldin, E. (1999). The use of humor in counseling: The laughing cure. Journal of Counseling and Development, Fall (77), 405-410.

Metaphorical Thinking: Using comparisons to express ideas and solve problemshttp://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCT_93.htm Unlock the Power of Metaphorical Thinkinghttp://www.innovationtools.com/Articles/ArticleDetails.asp?a=188

Promoting Metaphorical Thinking Through Synectics: Developing deep thinking utilizing abstractionshttp://facstaff.bloomu.edu/dwalker/Conference%20Information/IUT/Synectics.pdf

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Resources to Get Your Started

Article from Monster.com about Workplace humor:http://career-advice.monster.com/in-the-office/Work-Life-Balance/Workplace-Humor-Guide/article.aspx

Career Counseling "spoof" from GW Law School:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsnZQik4-Ys&feature=player_embedded#

Silly Job Interview - Monty Python:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zP0sqRMzkwo

Career Metaphors and Their Application to Theory and Counseling Practicehttp://www.virtualhabitats.com/Students/CareerCounselorWebquest/Career%20Metaphors.pdf

Metaphor: A new way of thinking about careers (NCDA)http://www.associationdatabase.com/aws/NCDA/pt/sd/news_article/5132/_PARENT/layout_details_cc/false

ThinkBlocks Tutorial: Metaphors and Similieshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tr0-kMlWJgw&feature=related

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Questions?

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Fun Videos/Resources

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asxUtX8Hyd4&feature=related

http://www.laughterremedy.com/

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Ever wonder what an interview at IKEA is like?

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