using hysplit to understand source-receptor relationships: some examples hysplit training noaa air...
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Using HYSPLIT to Understand Source-Receptor Relationships:
Some Examples
HYSPLIT TrainingNOAA Air Resources Laboratory
Jun 2-4, 2009Silver Spring, MD, USA
Mark CohenNOAA Air Resources Laboratory
1315 East West Highway, R/ARL, Room 3316
Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, [email protected]
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/Mercury_modeling.php
We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships.
A few examples will be shown in this presentation:
1. Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes”
2. Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements
We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships.
A few examples will be shown in this presentation:
1. Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes”
2. Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements
Atmospheric mercury episode at the Beltsville Maryland measurement site on January 7, 2007
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January 7, 2007
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RG
M (
pg
/m3
)Principal Investigator for measurements:
Winston Luke, NOAA ARLBeltsville MD mercury site is
a collaboration between USEPA, NOAA, others
Back trajectories simulated with the NOAA HYSPLIT model using meteorological on a 12 km grid
Trajectories started from the Beltsville site (marked with a star on the map) at 5 different heights representing different positions in the mixed layer (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9)
Note that the times are represented in UTC (Universal Time Coordinate) which is 5 hours later than Eastern Standard Time, e.g., 17 UTC = 12:00 Eastern Standard Time
Large mercury emissions sources are indicated on the map, including:
Dick = Dickerson facilities (coal-fired power plant and municipal waste incinerator)
Harf = Harford County municipal waste incinerator PhRe = Phoenix Services medical waste and
Baltimore Resco municipal waste incinerators BS_W = Brandon Shores and H.A. Wagner coal fired
power plants CkPt = Chalk Point coal fired power plant Mrgt = Morgantown coal fired power plant PsPt = Possum Point coal fired power plant Ptmc = Potamac River coal fired power plant Arlg = Arlington/Pentagon waste incinerator Brun = Brunner Island coal fired power plant
100 km
100 km
display HYSPLIT-generated trajectory shapefiles in GIS program (ArcView) along with emissions
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
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RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
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RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
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RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
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RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
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RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
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20
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RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
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RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
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20
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100
RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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:30
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(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
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:30
08
:30
09
:30
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:30
11
:30
12
:30
13
:30
14
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15
:30
16
:30
(Eastern Standard Time)
January 7, 2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
RG
M (
pg
/m3
)
We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships.
A few examples will be shown in this presentation:
1. Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes”
2. Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements
Piney Measurement SitePiney Measurement Site and Surrounding Region
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement SitePiney Measurement Site and Surrounding Regionwith estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury
Hgo (
ng m
-3)
0
1
2
3
4
Par
ticul
ate
Mer
cury
(pg
m-3
)
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10
20
30
40
6/1/
05
7/1/
05
8/1/
05
9/1/
05
10/1
/05
11/1
/05
12/1
/05
1/1/
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2/1/
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3/1/
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4/1/
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5/1/
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6/1/
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7/1/
06
8/1/
06
9/1/
06
Rea
ctiv
e G
eseo
us M
ercu
ry (
pg m
-3)
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
From Mark Castro, Univ. of Maryland, Frostburg
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
EDAS 40km meteorologicaldata grid used for back-trajectory analysis
Piney Measurement Site and Surrounding Regionwith estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury and
EDAS 40km meteorological data grid used for back-trajectory analysis
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
EDAS 40km meteorologicaldata grid used for back-trajectory analysis
Piney Measurement Site and Surrounding Regionwith estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury and
EDAS 40km meteorological data grid used for back-trajectory analysis
The mercury monitor is about 5 meters above the ground and the actual elevation
of site is 769 m above sea level
The mercury monitor is about 5 meters above the ground and the actual elevation
of site is 769 m above sea level
But the EDAS 40km meteorological data “Terrain Height” for this location is about 600 m
But the EDAS 40km meteorological data “Terrain Height” for this location is about 600 m
What starting height should be used for back-trajectories?
What starting height should be used for back-trajectories?
In this study we used a starting height of ½ of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)
as represented in the meteorological data set
In this study we used a starting height of ½ of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)
as represented in the meteorological data set
Top Daytime RGM
• Up to 6 clusters, we see an improvement,
• With more than 6 clusters, little improvement
• So, 6 clusters may be optimal
Cluster means – Top Daytime RGM (regional view)
20%
28%
5%
15%9%23%
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics
0.5 degree lat/long grid
Starting height for all trajectories in this group= ½ planetary boundary layer height
Decided to try a different approach --
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesEntire year, Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
0 - 1
1- 5
5 - 10
10 - 25
25 - 100
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
0.5 degree lat/long grid
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
0 - 1
1- 5
5 - 10
10 - 25
25 - 100
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
RGM Top 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
0.5 degree lat/long grid
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
0 - 1
1- 5
5 - 10
10 - 25
25 - 100
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
RGM Bottom 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
0.5 degree lat/long grid
Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics
0.1 degree lat/long regional grid
Starting height for all trajectories in this group= ½ planetary boundary layer height
Same analysis, but now with 0.1 degree grid…
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesEntire year, Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
0 - 1
1- 3
3 - 6
6 – 10
10 - 100
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
0.1 degree lat/long regional grid
Cluster means – Top Daytime RGM (regional view)
20%
28%
5%
15%9%23%
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesRGM Top 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
0 - 1
1- 3
3 - 6
6 – 10
10 - 100
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
0.1 degree lat/long regional grid
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesRGM Bottom 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
0 - 1
1- 3
3 - 6
6 – 10
10 - 100
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
0.1 degree lat/long regional grid
Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics showing the difference in grid frequencies between the trajectories corresponding
to a given set of measurements and those for the entire year
0.5 degree lat/long regional grid
Starting height for all trajectories in this group= ½ planetary boundary layer height
Back to 0.5 degree grid, but now look at differences…
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciestop 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Difference between two cases in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
-13 to -4
-4 to -1
-1 to 1
1 to 4
4 to 7
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
0.5 degree lat/long regional grid
7 to 22The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year
The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesbottom 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Difference between two cases in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
-13 to -4
-4 to -1
-1 to 1
1 to 4
4 to 7
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
0.5 degree lat/long regional grid
7 to 22The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year
The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year
Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics showing the difference in grid frequencies between the trajectories corresponding
to a given set of measurements and those for the entire year
0.1 degree lat/long regional grid
Starting height for all trajectories in this group= ½ planetary boundary layer height
Finally, differences with 0.1 degree grid…
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciestop 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year
with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
0.1 degree lat/long regional grid
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Difference between selected case and total year in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
< -2.5
-2.5 to -2
-2 to -1.5
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
-1.5 to -1
-1 to -0.5
-0.5 to 0
> 2.5
2 – 2.5
1.5 - 2
1 to 1.5
0.5 - 1
0 to 0.5
The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year
The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year
Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesbottom 10% of daytime RGM vs. total yearwith estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury
0.1 degree lat/long regional grid
color of symbol denotes type of mercury source
coal-fired power plants
other fuel combustion
waste incineration
metallurgical
manufacturing & other
size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)
10 - 50
50 - 100100 – 300
300 - 500
5 - 10
500 - 1000
1000 - 3500
Difference between selected case and total year in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square
< -2.5
-2.5 to -2
-2 to -1.5
Air Emissions
Piney Measurement Site
-1.5 to -1
-1 to -0.5
-0.5 to 0
> 2.5
2 – 2.5
1.5 - 2
1 to 1.5
0.5 - 1
0 to 0.5
The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year
The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year
Thanks!