using in-network adaptation to tackle inefficiencies caused by dash in information-centric networks
TRANSCRIPT
USING IN-NETWORK ADAPTATION
TO TACKLE INEFFICIENCIES
CAUSED BY DASH IN
INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKS
Posch et al. 1In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking
D. Posch, C. Kreuzberger, B. Rainer and H. HellwagnerAlpen-Adria University Klagenfurt (AAU) ♦ Faculty of Technical Sciences (TEWI)
Institute of Information Technology (ITEC) ♦ Multimedia Communication (MMC)
e-mail: [email protected]
INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKING
Posch et al. In-Network Adaptation in Information-centric Networking 2
A
BC
get object B
A
C
BB
D
C
D
B
untrusted
connection
trustable
copy of B
untrusted host
ICN communication model
D
IMPORTANT ICN CHARACTERISTICS
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named objects
location independence
content-based security
network inherent caching
scalable content distribution
traffic engineering based on context- and
content-awareness (name resolution)
…
overall increase of efficiency/performance
enables
requires
MPEG-DASH + ICN ?
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Time Network Time
Time
Ban
dw
idth
...
...
...
Segmentson Server
Buffer-Levelon Client
Qu
alit
y
high
fair
low
Consumer Demands MPEG-DASH
Transport Efficiency ICN
Flexibility MPEG-DASH
PROBLEMS OF MPEG-DASH IN ICN
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Pure client-driven adaptation based on
local parameters leads to problems in ICN:
Oscillation effects
Client Starvation
…
ICN characteristics need to be considered
Inherent network caching
Multipath delivery
SCENARIO: CLIENT STARVATION
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100
Mbit/s
{20,25,30}
Mbit/s
100
Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s0
33
66
34
67
99
Core
ICN Router
ICN
Router
Server
ICN
Router
ICN
Router
Network Topology Content Popularity
RESULTS: MPEG-DASH
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DASH: Clients consuming unpopular content starve
PURE CLIENT-DRIVEN ADAPTATION
IS NOT SUFFICIENT IN ICN
ICN nodes have additional knowledge
Transmitted data (video, VoIP, etc.)
Content dissemination
Network load (local view)
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Adapt the content during its journey
through the network based on a node’s
context- and content-awareness.
nodes are
context- and
content-aware
Approach: In-Network Adaptation (INA)
IN-NETWORK ADAPTATION IN ICN
Manipulation of data was not envisaged during the
development of ICN’s communication paradigm
Content-based security couples a packet’s name and
its data inextricably with a digital signature
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/user/music
user
private key
/user/ music
Signatur e
name
public-key
cryptography
data
self-identifying
authenticated packet
linked via a
hash function
ADAPTATION THROUGH TRANSCODING
Develop protocols to enable other users to modify published
data under certain circumstances
Disadvantages: trustful relationship, management overhead
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/user/ music
Signatur e
producerconsumercontext- and content-
aware network element
/user/ music
Signatur e
transfer of trust
remote signing
SCALABLE CONTENT
Encode each layer of scalable content in a different set of
“ICN packets”. Layers can be omitted from transmission.
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Raw
Content
Layered
Encoding
Segments
for each Layer
1
BL
EL 1
EL 2
2 3 n...
FIRST APPROACH OF INA
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Hybrid: client-driven + network-guided adaptation
Data
Consumer 1
Adapting
Entity
Consumer 100
Content 1:
Content 10:
RR
RR
R
C C C
C C C
Content
Provider
...
... !
FIRST APPROACH OF INA
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Hybrid: client-driven + network-guided adaptation
Data
Consumer 1
Adapting
Entity
discarded due
to congestionConsumer 100
NACK
Content 1:
Content 10:
R C C C
C C C
Content
Provider
...
... RR
R R
FIRST APPROACH OF INA
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Clients use the BIEB adaptation logic [1]
Adaptation policy Interests are classified on a per layer basis
Drop interests interests according to importance• Lower layers are more important than higher layers
Adaptation entities keep track of Number of interests received for a specific layer (time
window)
Recalculate dropping probabilities (pre-defined periods)
Sends NACK if interests are dropped[1] C. Sieber, T. Hoßfeld, T. Zinner, P. Tran-Gia, and C. Timmerer. “Implementation and User-centric Comparison of a Novel Adaptation Logic for DASH with SVC. In Proceedings of IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Experience Centric Management, 2013.
RESULTS: INA + MPEG-DASH
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CONCLUSION
There are obstacles for MPEG-DASH in ICN
Pure client-driven adaptation is not sufficient
INA based on scalable content provides further
adaptation opportunities
Network nodes can monitor traffic and guide
the adaptation process
First (hybrid) approach presented providing
acceptable video quality for all consumers
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THANK YOU!
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