using packet tracer 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Using Packet Tracer
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What is Packet Tracer?
Packet Tracer is a protocol simulator developed by DennisFrezzo and his team at Cisco Systems
Packet Tracer !PT" is a po#er$ul and dynamic tool thatdisplays the various protocols used in net#orking% in
either◦ &eal Time or
◦ Simulation mode
This includes
◦ 'ayer ( protocols such as% )thernet and PPP% l
◦ 'ayer * protocols such as +P% +C,P% and -&P% and l
◦ 'ayer . protocols such as TCP and UDP
◦ &outing protocols can also be traced
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Introduction to the
Packet TracerInterface using a Hub
Topology
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Step 1: Start Packet Tracer and Entering Simulation Mode
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Some important modules
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Some important modules
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Some important modules
/ ,enu 0ar1( ,ain Tool 0ar1
* Common Tools 0ar
. 'ogical2Physical Workspace and 3avigation 0ar1
4 Workspace1
5 &ealtime2Simulation 0ar1
6 3et#ork Component 0o71
8 Device9Type Selection 0o71
: Device9Speci;c Selection 0o71
/
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Creating a simple topology
/ From the net#ork component bo7% click on )nd Devicesand drag9and9drop a =eneric PC icon and a =enericlaptop icon into the Workspace
( Click on Connections% then click on Copper Cross9>ver%then on PC
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Creating a simple topology
* Click on the PC% go to the Desktop tab% click on +P
Con;guration% and enter an +P address and subnetmask +n this topology% the de$ault gate#ay and D3Sserver in$ormation is not needed as there are only t#oend devices in the net#ork
. Close the #indo#% open the laptop% and assign an +P
address to it in the same #ay ,ake sure that both o$the +P addresses are in the same subnet
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Creating a simple topology
/ Close the +P Con;guration bo7% open the command
prompt% and ping the +P address o$ the device at theend to check connectivity
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-dd an )thernet s#itch to this topology so that more than t#o end devices can be connected
/ Click on S#itches $rom the device9type selection bo7and insert any s#itch !e7cept S#itch9PT9)mpty" into the#orkspace
( &emove the link bet#een the PC and the laptop using
the delete tool $rom the common tools bar* Choose the Copper Straight9Through cable and connect
the PC and laptop #ith the s#itch -t this point% the linkindicators on the s#itch are orange in color because thes#itchports are undergoing the listening and learning
states o$ the Spanning Tree Protocol !STP"
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-dd an )thernet s#itch to this topology so that more than t#o end devices can be connected
. >nce the link turns green% as sho#n in the previousscreenshot% ping again to check the connectivity Thene7t chapter% Chapter (% 3et#ork Devices% #ill deal #ith
the con;guration o$ net#ork devices
4 4 To save this topology% navigate to File Save -s andchoose a location The topology #ill be saved #ith apkt e7tension% #ith the devices in the same state
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- router provides connectivity bet#een t#o logicalnet#orks )very router in Packet Tracer can be
s#itched on or o@ by using the provided po#er button
The po#er s#itch is reAuired to make a device simulateits real counterpart ,odules can be added orremoved only a$ter po#ering o@ the device +$ the
running con;guration is not saved% po#er cycling adevice #ill make it lose its con;guration
Cisco devices and Packet Tracer devices
Routers
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Cisco /5
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Cisco 1841 series router
Cisco 1841 router is designed for medium size branch office. It provides secure data connectivity and significant additional features. can install any supported interface based on your reuirement.
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Cisco !"## series router
!"## series of router are specially made to connect $thernet or token ring
net%orks via I&'( or serial connections.
This series of router had ) interface slots available* ! synchronous serial
interface and 1 I&'( port.
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Cisco !+## series router
!+## series is a modular router that e,tend performance by providing
fle,ible -( and /( configurations* multiple security options* voice anddata integration.
This series of router delivers high density* enhanced security performance*
and concurrent application support.
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&%itch
&%itch is a device that connects devices together on a computer net%ork.
/hen it receives a frame* it checks its destination address and for%ard the
frame from matching port.
!0+# &%itch provides cost effective net%ork connectivity solution for branch
office and medium size business.
It has ! uplink ports of 1 bps. It is available in t%o variant !4 and 48 fast$thernet ports.
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Cisco /8./1 This is an +ntegrated Service &outer !+S&" having t#oFast )thernet ports% t#o slots $or Bigh Speed W-3 +nter$ace Cards!BW+Cs"% and one slot $or -dvanced +ntegration ,odule !-+,"
Cisco /:./1 This is similar to the previous model but runs on Cisco+>S ersion /4 +t has t#o ports that operate at =igabit )thernetspeeds
Cisco (5(
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Cisco (8//1 This +S& comes #ith t#o Fast )thernet ports% $our W+Cslots% and a dual slot $or -+,
Cisco (:
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Cisco (:4
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Cisco *45S This is the only customizable s#itch #ith /< slots and several modules
Cisco devices and Packet Tracer devices
Switches
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Cisco devices and Packet Tracer devices
Other devices
Bub PT1 This net#ork hub #as the oldest #ay to connectmultiple end devices together +t still e7ists in Packet Tracer sothat you can simulate and learn about net#ork storms andbroadcasts This Packet Tracer device has /< slots
&epeater PT1 This device is used to boost the signal on a #ire#hen the distance bet#een t#o points is high WeGll be using itin Chapter 5, Navigating and Modifying the Physical Workspace;this device has two slots.
Coa7ial Splitter PT1 This is used to split a single coa7ialconnector into t#o +t has three coa7ial ports and cannot becustomized in any #ay
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Customizing devices witmodules- device module is a piece o$ hard#are containingseveral device inter$aces For e7ample% a BW+C9.)SWmodule contains $our )thernet !/< ,0ps" ports Similarto a real router2s#itch% the device has to be po#eredo@ in order to add or remove modules
The po#er s#itch is on the right9hand side o$ each
device% #ith a green ')D indicating that the po#er ison
Click on this s#itch to turn it o@
To add a module% drag one $rom the modules list anddrop it onto an empty slot
To remove a module% po#er o@ the device and drag it$rom the slot back to the module list
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3aming Convention
BW+C9.)SW !$our )thernet s#itching ports"W+C9/)3)T !single )thernet port"3,9/) !single )thernet port"
3,9/F)9T !single Fast )thernet port"3,9.) !$our )thernet ports"3,9)SW9/5/ !/5 )thernet s#itching ports"PT9&>UT)&93,9/C)% PT9&>UT)&93,9/CF)% PT9&>UT)& 93,9/C=) !Packet Tracer custommodules"
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!ccessing te C"I
The Command2line Interface of a device in Packet Tracer can be
accessed in t%o %ays3
The CI tab
Console port
lthough it is possible to access a device through && or Telnet*
these are Cisco methods and are not e,clusive to Packet Tracer.
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!ccessing te C"IThe CI tab
This is the simplest %ay of accessing the Command2line Interface of
a device5 click on a net%ork device* navigate to the CI tab! and
booting process will be seen"
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!ccessing te C"IThe Console port
There is no difference bet%een %hat is seen and controlled in this
method and the previous one* but the Console Port can be used to
make the topology look similar to the real %orld. 6ollo% the steps to
configure the console port3
1. dd a PC or a laptop to the %orkspace.
!. Choose connections* and then click on the console cable.
). Connect the console cable of the net%ork device to the 7&2!)!
port of the PClaptop.
4. 9pen the PClaptop* navigate to the 'esktop tab* open Terminal*
and then %ith the default settings* click on 9: to vie% the console.The follo%ing screenshot displays a router;s console through its
terminal3
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Con#guring network devices
- device modulePacket Tracer provides a Con;g tabthat contains =U+ options $or the most commoncon;gurations WhatGs more% as you tinker #ith the=U+% its eAuivalent Cisco +>S command is alsodisplayed
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Creating a 3et#ork Topology
Console1 This is a console cable that is used to vie# thenet#ork deviceGs console $rom a PC2laptop >ne end o$the cable connects to the console port o$ a net#orkdevice #hile the other one connects to the &S9(*( porton a PC2laptop
Copper straight9through1 This is a standard )thernetcable that is used to connect t#o devices that operate indi@erent layers o$ the >S+ model !suc as u$ torouter and switc to PC" +t can be used #ith )thernet%Fast )thernet and =igabit )thernet port types
Copper cross9over1 This )thernet cable connects devicesoperating in the same >S+ layer !suc as u$ to u$%
PC to PC% PC to router% and PC to printer&' This cable
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Testing connectivity wit P()s
>nce a topology has been created% connectivity can betested bet#een devices by using either simple orcomple7 PDUs -lthough it is possible to do the same bypinging devices $rom their command9line inter$ace% usingthe PDU option is Auicker $or large topologies
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&outing #ith >SPF
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Cisco +>S ,ode
Cisco I9& supports various command modes* among those follo%ing
are the main command modes.
ode Privileged $=$C >ode lobal Configuration >ode Interface Configuration >ode
&ub Interface Configuration >ode &etup >ode 79> >onitor >ode
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Mode Purpose PromptCommandto enter
Command toe*it
User))C
-llo# you toconnect #ith
remote devices%per$orm basictests%temporarychangeterminal
setting% listsystemin$ormation
&outer H
De$aultmode a$terbooting'ogin #ithpass#ord% i$
con;gured
Use e7itcommand
Privileged ))C
-llo# you to setoperating
parameters +talso includeshigh leveltesting and listcommands likesho#% copy%
debug
&outer I
Use enablecommand$rom usere7ec mode
Use e7itcommand
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Mode Purpose PromptCommandto enter
Command toe*it
+nter$aceCon;guration
Containcommandsthose modi$ythe operation o$an inter$ace
&outer!con;g9i$"I
Useinter$ace
typenumbercommand$rom globalcon;guration mode
Use e7itcommand toreturn in globalcon;gurationmode
Sub9
+nter$aceCon;guration
Con;gure ormodi$y the
virtual inter$acecreated $romphysicalinter$ace
&outer!con;g9subi$"
Useinter$acetype subinter$acenumber
command$rom globalcon;guration mode orinter$acecon;gure
mode
Use e7it toreturn previousmode Use endcommand toreturn inprivileged e7ecmode
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Con;guring &outing #ith the C'+
>nce a topology has been created% connectivity can be
tested bet#een devices by using either simple orcomple7 PDUs -lthough it is possible to do the same bypinging devices $rom their command9line inter$ace% usingthe PDU option is Auicker $or large topologies
Static routingStatic routing with #$I
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0asic &outing
(evice + Interface Connected To IP !ddress
PC<&outer
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0asic &outing
I9& commands are not case sensitive5 you can enter them inuppercase* lo%ercase* or mi,ed case.
Pass%ord is case sensitive. >ake sure you type it in correct
case. In any mode* you can obtain a list of commands available on
that mode by entering a uestion mark ?@A. &tandard order of accessing mode is
>9( mode only if it fails to load a
valid I9& image file. Dou can manually enter in 79>>9( mode for diagnostics
purpose.
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%ccess CI pro&pt of router
Cisco I9& supports various command modes* among those follo%ings are
the main command modes.
ode
Privileged $=$C >ode lobal Configuration >ode Interface Configuration >ode &ub Interface Configuration >ode &etup >ode 79> >onitor >ode
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Mode PromptCommand toenter
Command toe*it
User ))C &outer H
De$ault modea$ter booting
'ogin #ithpass#ord% i$con;gured
Use e*it command
Privileged ))C &outer IUse ena$le command $rom usere7ec mode
Use e*it command
=lobalCon;guration
&outer!con;g"I
Use con#gureterminal command $romprivileged e7ecmode
Use e*it command
+nter$aceCon;guration
&outer!con;g9i$"I
Use interfacetype number command $romglobalcon;gurationmode
Use e*it command to return inglobalcon;gurationmode
Use interfacet e sub Use e*it to return
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Mode PromptCommand to
enter
Command to
e*it
Setup ParameterKParameter valueL1
&outer #illautomatically
insert in thismode i$ runningcon;guration isnot present
Press CT-".C to abort
Type yes tosave
con;guration%or no to e7it#ithout saving#hen asked inthe end o$setup
&>,,>3 &>,,>3 H
)nter reload command $romprivileged e7ecmodePressCT-" .
C key
Use e*it comm
and
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I9& commands are not case sensitive5 you can enter them inuppercase* lo%ercase* or mi,ed case. Pass%ord is case sensitive. >ake sure you type it in correct
case. In any mode* you can obtain a list of commands available on
that mode by entering a uestion mark ?@A. &tandard order of accessing mode is
>9( mode only if it fails to load a valid
I9& image file. Dou can manually enter in 79>>9( mode for diagnostics
purpose.
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7outer
7outer7outerenable
7outerEconfig t
$nter configuration commands* one per line.
$nd %ith C(T-F.
7outer?configAE
$nter in global configuration mode
Change default router name
7outer?configAEhostname 71
71?configAE
71?configAEline console #
71?config2lineAEpass%ord pass
71?config2lineAElogin
Gy default Router name is configured on routers. /e can configure
any desired name on router. hostname command %ill change the
name of router.
&etting pass%ord
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71?config2lineAEe,it
71?configAEe,it
71E
H&D&2"2C9(6II3 Configured from
console by console
71Ee,it
71 con# is no% available
Press 7$T
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&ecure au,iliary port
u,iliary port provides remote access to router. Dou can attach modem in
this port. (ot all devices support this port. If your router supports this port
use follo%ing commands to secure it.
same
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$nable telnet access on cisco router
'epending on the model number and I9& soft%are version router may
supports various number of JTD connections range from " to 1###.
JTD is the standard name for telnet and && connection.
Gy default only first five JTDs connections are enabled.
Pass%ord reuired but none set
/ithout configuring* %hen you try to connect them remotely you %ill
get follo%ing message
71enable71Econfig t
$nter configuration commands* one per
line. $nd %ith C(T-F.
71?configAEline vty # 4
71?config2lineAEpass%ord telpass
71?config2lineAElogin
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Command (escription
&outer!con;g"Iline vty < . ,ove into all ;ve TMs line
&outer!con;g9line"Ipass#ord T)'C33
Set pass#ord to telpass on all;ve lines
&outer!con;g9line"IloginCon;gure TMs to accept
telnet connection
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&ecure privilege e,ec mode %ith pass%ord
long %ith access lines %e can also secure privilege e,ec mode %ithpass%ord. /e have t%o commands to configure the pass%ord.
'"Switch(config)* enable password Privilege_EXEC_password
+"Switch(config)* enable secret Privilege_EXEC_password
Goth commands %ill set the pass%ord on privilege e,ec mode. 'ifference
bet%een these commands is the method of pass%ord storage. enable
password command %ill store pass%ord in plain te,t %hile enable
secret command %ill store pass%ord in encryption format.
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ssign hostname to IP ddress
ostname are easy to remember. /e can use host
name instead of their IP address %hile connecting %ith
remote address. 7outer resolves IP address to
hostname in t%o %ays3 static and dynamic.
In static method %e have to assign hostname to IP
address.
In dynamic method %e have to configure an e,ternal
'(& server and need to configure its IP address onrouter.
show hosts command %ill display the currently
configured hosts %ith their IP addresses.
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Configure 6ast$thernet Interface in router
71?configAEinterface fastethernet##
71?config2ifAEip address 1#.#.#.1 !"".#.#.#
71?config2ifAEno shutdo%n
Configure serial interface in router 71?configAEinterface &erial###
71?config2ifAEip address 10!.1+8.#.!")
!"".!"".!"".!"!
71?config2ifAEclock rate +4###
This command applies only to 'C$
interfaces71?config2ifAEband%idth +4
71?config2ifAEno shutdo%n
71?config2ifAEe,it
71?configAE
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Command (escription
&outer!con;g"Iinter$ace serial
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Command (escription
&outer!con;g"Iline console < ,ove in console line mode
&outer!con;g9line"Ipass#ordconsole
Set console line pass#ord topass
&outer!con;g9line"Ilogin)nable pass#ordauthentication $or console line
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&aving running configuration in cisco router
71Ecopy running2config startup2config'estination filename Kstartup2configL@
Guilding configuration...
K9:L
71E
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7outer is a critical device of net%ork. It supports multiple lines for
connection. /e need to secure each line KportL.