Tara Carlisle, Julie Leuzinger, and Suzanne Sears University of North Texas Libraries Texas Library Association Annual Conference 2014 Government Documents Round Table Friday, April 11, 2014

Using Primary Sources to Enrich Class Research

Using Primary Sources to Enrich Class Research

• Introduction of Primary and Secondary Sources • American Memory • Suzanne’s Top Picks From the Government

Documents Collection • Portal to Texas History • How teachers are using primary sources • Oklahoma Gateway

Primary and Secondary Sources Simple Definition

• Primary Source: Firsthand evidence of historical events or periods.

• Secondary Source: A later interpretation of historical events or periods (Johnson 2003, 2).

Primary and Secondary Sources Library of Congress Definition

Primary sources are original items or records that have survived from the past, such as clothing, letters, photographs, and manuscripts. They were part of a direct personal experience of a time or event.

Primary Source Examples

(Johnson 2003, 14)

Primary VS Secondary

http://www.lefthandedtoons.com/toons/drew_telephonegame.gif

Primary VS Secondary (the serious version)

• Researcher dependent • Author dependent • Scholarship dependent • Classroom dependent

Primary OR Secondary?

• Who made or wrote each item? • When was it made? • Why was it made? • Was it made at the same or nearly the same time that

it happened? • Is it somebody else’s idea of what happened? • Is it an eyewitness account? • Could the item belong to both the primary and

secondary source groups? Why or why not?” (Johnson 2003, 18-19)

Why Primary Sources?

http://www.savagechickens.com/images/chickentruthisoutthere.jpg

Information Literacy

Information literacy is a non-linear process…. (Johnson 2003, 39)

Critical Thinking (Primary Source Analysis Template, Steps 1, 2, & 3)

(Johnson 2003, 43)

Critical Thinking (Primary Source Analysis Template, Steps 4 & 5)

http://www.criticalthinking.org/ (Johnson 2003, 44)

American Memory

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html

American Memory-Browse

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/index.html

American Memory-Browse by Topic

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListSome.php?category=Immigration,+American%20Expansion

American Memory-Browse by Collection

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListAll.php

American Memory-Browse by Time Period

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListSome.php?timePeriod=1800-1849

American Memory- Browse by Collections Containing

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListSome.php?format=Motion+Picture

American Memory-Browse Collections by Place

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListSome.php?region=West+U.S.

American Memory-The Dust Bowl

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tshome.html

American Memory- South Texas

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/runyon/

American Memory- Shaker religious greeting, watercolor, January 1853 (Shaker Collection)

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mcc:@sum(@field(OTHER+@band(Shakers))+@field(SUBJ+@band(Shakers)))

Top Picks from the Government Documents Collection

• Serial Set • War of the Rebellion • Foreign Relations of the United States • Public Papers of the Presidents • FDsys—Federal Digital System • How to Find Your Local Depository

Serial Set

• Began in 1817 – American State Papers 1-14th Congress

• House and Senate Documents

Serial Set Online

• Library of Congress – http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwss.html

• Many libraries subscribe to commercial digitized collections of the Serial Set

http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/TitanicReport.pdf

War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies

War of the Rebellion

• Compilation of official reports, correspondence, military operations, orders, and trials

• Copied without editing for accuracy or retrospection

• Produced over a period of 63 years

• The most significant primary source of information about the American Civil War

War of the Rebellion Online

• University of North Texas – http://texashistory.unt.edu/

• Cornell University

– http://digital.library.cornell.edu/m/moawar/waro.html

• Baylor University – http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/landingpage/colle

ction/tx-wotr – Atlas only

Foreign Relations of the United States

Foreign Relations of the United States

• Official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity

Foreign Relations of the United States Online

• U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian – http://history.state.gov/ – 1945-1980 – Browse by Administration

• University of Wisconsin Digital Collections

– http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/FRUS – Incomplete 1861-1960 – Full-text searchable

Public Papers of the Presidents

Public Papers of the Presidents

• The Office of the Federal Register began publishing the Public Papers of the Presidents series in 1957 as an official publication of United States Presidents’ public writings, addresses, and remarks

• President Hoover to President Obama • President Franklin Roosevelt and others

published privately

Public Papers of the Presidents Online

• National Archives – http://www.archives.gov/federal-

register/publications/presidential-papers.html

• American Presidency Project – http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php

FDsys—Federal Digital System

• http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/

• FDsys provides no-fee online access to official information and publications from all three branches of the Federal Government

Federal Depository Libraries

• http://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/FDLPdir.jsp • Over 50 depositories in Texas

The Portal to Texas History

http://texashistory.unt.edu/

http://texashistory.unt.edu/

The Portal’s Resources 4 Educators

The Portal’s Resources 4 Educators

Texas in the Civil War through song, images, & text

63 By Dawn Bishop

The Civil War in Texas: through song,

images & text

Reference: Civil War photographs, 1861-1865 Compiled by Hirst D. Milhollen and Donald H. Mugridge, Washington, D.C. :Library of Congress, 1977. No. 0142

64

Newspaper Preview: Identify articles in your newspaper that have to deal with any of the following topics: Political: Having to do with the government Economic: Dealing with money and business Social: Having to do with people living in a community and how their lives are impacted by each other and events

The True Issue (La Grange, Tex.), Vol. 14, No. 5, Ed. 1, Saturday, November 12, 1864

65

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjOIFGrYtaE

The Bonnie Blue Flag

Click on picture to view video

View the video to listen to the song

What names or places appear in the lyrics ?

What is the mood of the music?

(click on the picture)

66

Rebel attack on Union gunboats in Galveston Bay. From Harper's Weekly. Prints and Photographs Collection, 1965/36-7.

What do you see in this image?

67

Newspaper Analysis:

The True Issue (La Grange, Tex.), Vol. 14, No. 5, Ed. 1, Saturday, November 12, 1864

Read the article with your group. Write a brief summary. What does this article reveal about life in Texas?

Consider the political, social, and economic impact!

68

Gallery Walk:

Newspaper Source

Date of Article Summary of Article

Details from Article

Political Social or Economic Impact

69

Texas in the Civil War Create a song, image, or article about the impact of the Civil War on Texas. An example is given below:

Lincoln wanted us to be free That’s why he wrote that proclamation

For you and me, But as you can clearly see, I’m still in slavery.

70

http://education.texashistory.unt.edu

72

Media: Past & Present Understanding Persuasive Writing

Click on the picture

http://education.texashistory.unt.edu

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Which Is The Best?

Whole class activity: Students look at each ad, read the descriptions, and discuss which

one they would buy. Then explain why.

Click on the pictures

http://education.texashistory.unt.edu

74

Vocabulary

• make • get • give • have

• know

• look

Verbs

• need

• buy

• keep

• use • feel • like

• choose • take

Adjectives

• extra

• great • bright

• delicious • fresh • free • quality • new

• fresh • safe • wonderful • special

• real • clean

Language has a powerful influence over people and their behavior. It helps us to identify and remember things.

When reporting news items, the media uses language that is positive and emphasizes why the product stands out. Listed are commonly used adjectives & verbs used in newspaper ads. Click on the pictures on slide #5 & #6 to locate them in the newspaper ads.

Most used: good, better, best, save, now, full • go

http://education.texashistory.unt.edu 75

Use the “Media Analysis” worksheet to analyze one ad of your choice

Ads from the Past

Click on the pictures

http://education.texashistory.unt.edu

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Present Day Ads

Click on picture

Use the embedded links to locate an online newspaper ad of today.

Note the similarities and differences between your choice (past & present news ad), use the “Compare & Contrast”

worksheet to record your responses.

Click on the pictures

Oklahoma Gateway

http://gateway.okhistory.org/

Works Cited

• Johnson, Mary. (2003). Primary Sources in the Library: A collaboration guide for library media specialists. Linwood Publishing, Inc. Worthington, Ohio.

• _____. (2009). Primary Source Teaching the Web 2.0 Way. Linwood Publishing, Inc. Worthington, Ohio.

• Lombard, Emmett. (2010). Primary and Secondary Sources. Journal of Academic Librarianship, May :250-253.

Works Consulted • Anderson, Mary Alice. (2010). The Power of Primary Sources, Part 2: Build your

own professional development. MultiMedia & Internet@Schools, 17 (1): 35-38. • Brown, Carol and Kaye Dotson. (2007). Using Digital Primary Sources: A success

story in collaboration. Teacher Librarian, 35 (2): 29-33. • Ireland, Bobbi. (2010). Abraham Lincoln and His Era: Using the American Memory

Project to Teach with Primary Sources. Libraries Unlimited, Santa Barbara, California.

• Johnson, Mary. (2010). Getting Started with Primary Source Teaching. School Library Monthly, 27 (2):32-33.

• _____. (2010). Primary Sources in Your Back Pocket. School Library Monthly, 27 (1): 30-31.

• Johnston, Melissa P. (2009). A Historical Partnership: Teaching with Primary Sources (TPS) Direct. School Library Monthly, 26 (4): 50-52.

• Lehman, Kathy. (2010). Bring History Alive with Primary Sources. Library Media Connection, March/April: 30-31.

Tara Carlisle, Project Development Librarian Tara.Carlisle@unt.edu Julie Leuzinger, Head of Eagle Commons Library Julie.Leuzinger@unt.edu Suzanne Sears, Assistant Dean of Public Services Suzanne.Sears@unt.edu

Questions?