using science & technology to help the poor: research and the christian college calvin college...
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Using Science & Technology to Help the Poor: Research and the Christian College
Calvin CollegeNovember 18, 2008
An ECHO presentation by Martin Pricewww.echonet.org
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ECHO’s Vision“ to bring glory to God and a blessing to mankind by using
science and technology to help the poor.”
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Talk Outline
• How ECHO has implemented this vision
• What kind of research will help the extremely poor?
• How can I identify suitable research ideas?
• Some examples
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The Poor Have Few Options
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What about that Chinese proverb?
Is it just a matter of education?
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What about that Chinese proverb?
• “If you give a man a fish you’ve fed him for a day.
• “If you teach a man to fish you’ve fed him for a lifetime.
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Echo’s Version
• “If you give a man a fish you’ve fed him for a day.
• “If you teach a man to fish you would have fed him for a lifetime…except the lake’s fished out.
• ECHO works to stock the “idea pool” with options to help the poor.
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ECHO’s specialty is providing development workers with options for helping the poor.
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Tropical “Textbook” FarmTropical “Textbook” Farm
50 Acre Farm with the largest collection of tropical fruits and vegetables in the USA
10 Acres set up as a Global Farm representing 6 different Agro Zones
Hot Humid LowlandsMountain MonsoonSemi-AridRainForestUrban Gardens
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Innovative OptionsInnovative Options
Technical Support:
ECHO’s technical team answers questions and provides advice for its global network.
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Innovative OptionsInnovative Options
Mini barrage to reduce erosion Moringa growing in Cambodia
Technical Support:ECHO’s technical team answers questions and provides advice for its global network.
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Innovative OptionsInnovative Options
Seeds:
ECHO sends out trial packets of seed to members of our network. ECHO’s
seedbank contains over 370 varieties of
hard-to-find vegetables, multi-
purpose trees, fruits and other tropical
crops.
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Innovative OptionsInnovative Options
Bud-Wood & Tree shipments
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Innovative OptionsInnovative Options
Website:
ECHO’s website provides a link to our
publications and connects us to our
network.
Over 1 million documents
downloaded since 2005
www.echonet.org
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Innovative OptionsInnovative Options
Consulting:
ECHO offers off-site as well as on-site
consulting.
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Innovative OptionsInnovative Options
Publications:
ECHO Development Notes
&
Technical Notes
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Innovative OptionsInnovative Options
Appropriate Technologies
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Innovative OptionsInnovative OptionsFarming SystemsFarming Systems
Roof Top and Urban Roof Top and Urban GardeningGardening Conservation GardensConservation Gardens
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Education and TrainingEducation and Training
ECHO provides education & training in ECHO provides education & training in the following ways:the following ways:
• Internship Program Internship Program • Formal (i.e. college credit) Formal (i.e. college credit) EducationEducation• Non-formal EducationNon-formal Education• WorkshopsWorkshops
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Education and TrainingEducation and Training
Internship Program:Internship Program:
This is a one year work This is a one year work experience program experience program designed to provide designed to provide training for potential training for potential
development workersdevelopment workers..
ECHO provides education & training in ECHO provides education & training in the following ways:the following ways:
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Education and TrainingEducation and Training
Formal Education:Formal Education:
ECHO partners with ECHO partners with AuSable to offer for-AuSable to offer for-credit courses on the credit courses on the
ECHO campus to ECHO campus to university students.university students.
ECHO provides education & training in ECHO provides education & training in the following ways:the following ways:
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Education and TrainingEducation and Training
Non-Formal Non-Formal Education:Education:
A guided self-study A guided self-study program designed to program designed to
let international let international workers focus on workers focus on specific topics.specific topics.
ECHO provides education & training in ECHO provides education & training in the following ways:the following ways:
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Education and TrainingEducation and Training
Workshops:Workshops:
Various workshops are Various workshops are offered throughout the offered throughout the
year at the ECHO year at the ECHO campus.campus.
ECHO provides education & training in ECHO provides education & training in the following ways:the following ways:
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Education and TrainingEducation and Training
Campus Resources:Campus Resources: •Reference LibraryReference Library•Global FarmGlobal Farm•International StaffInternational Staff
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The Bottom Line If Results of Science & Technology
Are To Reach the Poor . . .• It must cost the poor nothing or almost nothingExceptions: • If the goal is to develop something you hope
generous benefactors will pay to make available, e.g. HIV/AIDS drugs.
• New technology becomes basis for local micro-enterprises that generate employment, e.g. simple equipment to thresh grain amaranth heads.
• It is of help to organizations that will use it in ministry, e.g. test strip for malaria testing.
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Groups to Know About
• Tillers International
• Engineering Ministries International
• Engineers Without Borders
• Engineers for a Sustainable World
• American Scientific Affiliation
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Where Does One Begin?
• Several Ideas to Consider Are Available in an ECHO Publication
Using Science to Help the Poor:
low-budget research ideas
Go to www.echonet.org.
Click on “agricultural support”
Search for “using science” or go tohttp://echotech.org/mambo/images/DocMan/UsingSci.pdf
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Two Other Places to Look for Ideas
• Trees for Life Journal www.TFLJournal.org
• International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering
www.engr.psu.edu/IJSLE/home.htm – “ . . .purpose of the Journal is to foster inquiry
into rigorous engineering design and research and to direct those efforts to service-related projects.”
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Five Categories• Does this really work?
– E.g. papaya leaf tea to prevent malaria
• Further development needed (the “D” in R&D)– E.g. rat poison from the gliricidia tree– Many medicinal plants need more precise dosing info
• Seek solutions to identified problems– E.g. rotating bean bags to control Bruchid beetles
• Develop something suitable for a village industry– E.g. biological insecticide incubated in coconuts
• Analytical work to assist Third World scientists– Test kit to measure cyanide in foods/feeds– E.g. analysis of L-dopa in velvet bean
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Velvet Beans
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Even at Private Colleges?
Advantages/Disadvantages vs. Universities
• Limited time (both professor and student)
• University can only work on problem if can get grant to cover salary, overhead etc.
• You can do it just because it needs to be done.
• Solution may be multi-disciplinary
• Less pressure to do “elegant” research
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Possible Solutions to Limitations at Private Colleges
• Do your own fundraising. • Be sure Development Dept. can brag on
what you are doing. • Summer research• Hire a “post-bach”• Collaborate with colleagues at other
colleges or departments at Calvin College. Most real-life problems can’t be solved ONLY within one discipline.
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A Few Other Suggestions
• Our academic needs may differ from needs of the poor. Begin with both ends in mind.– Academic community rewards elegance of research
or design; development community rewards impact on the poor.
• Providing perspective on existing designs may be more important than one more design.
• ALWAYS look to see what has already been designed or researched.
• A new design has minimal value unless it can be manufactured in-country.
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Some Other Research Ideas
• Control of leaf-cutter ants
• Moringa leaves to prevent damping off of seedlings
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Moringa Tree
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Antibiotic ointment from moringa seeds.
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ECHO Contact Information
Web at www.echonet.org
Email [email protected]
The document with specific research ideas:
Http:\\echotech.org\mambo\docman\usingsci.pdf
Phone 239/543-3246
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ECHOECHO
Networking Global Networking Global Hunger SolutionsHunger Solutions
www.echonet.orgwww.echonet.orgOctober 2008