using wind energy on farmssmallwindconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/...jun 01, 2017 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Using Wind Energy on Farms
Presented by:
Michael Reese, Renewable Energy Director
West Central Research and Outreach Center
Presented at:
13th Annual Small Wind Conference
Bloomington, MN
April 10, 2017
Why renewable energy and energy efficiency for farms?
1. The technology has improved (less expensive, more reliable, produce more,
easier / safer to interconnect and maintain).
2. The systems can be practical and may provide a reasonable financial return.
3. State and Federal incentives are available to farmers.
4. Ag commodity processors and retailers may place a premium (or mandate)
low carbon footprint products.
5. Renewable energy fits the farming philosophy (Land-based, creates
independence, may improve efficiency, production of a commodity).
University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center
NH3 Pilot
Plant
1.65 MW
Vestas V82
Wind Turbine
77 kW
solar PV
Strategic Objective: Reduce fossil energy consumption in production agriculture
Outline:
1. Energy-Optimized Dairy Facilities- Design- System components- 10 kW Wind Turbines with Assembled Foundation and Self Raising Tower
2. Energy-Optimized Swine Facilities- Design- System Components- Sow Cooling System with chilled drinking water and cooling pads
3. Using Wind Energy to Produce Nitrogen Fertilizer
Energy Consumed in
Dairy Production:
1. Auditing energy consumed in conventional and organic production systems at WCROC
2. Modeling energy-optimized dairy facilities
3. Developing net-zero energy dairy parlor with thermal storage, solar thermal and PV systems, small wind turbines, and energy-efficiency upgrades
4. Life cycle assessment
5. Energy-optimized retrofit pre-designs for commercial dairies
6. New proposal for energy auditing commercial dairies, solar PV shade, and electric charging stations for utility vehicles
Dairy Overarching Goal:
Develop a net-zero energy dairy where we produce as much energy as consumed.
Reducing Milk Harvesting Energy Use• Milk Extraction
– Electrically powered vacuum removes 20.4 liters milk (11.9 organic)
• Milk Cooling
– Milk cooled from 37⁰ C (100⁰ F) to under 4⁰ C (40⁰ F)
• Sterilizing Equipment
– Facility is pressure washed with hot water
– Equipment is cleaned with 71⁰ C (160⁰ F) water
• General Cleaning and Operations
– Average of 4 loads of laundry per day
– Shower Facilities
2015 Energy Use (2900
MJ/Day)
Tallaksen et. al., 2016
New Utility Room for Dairy Parlor Facility
Thermal Storage Tank for Dairy Facility
Thermal Storage Tank for Dairy Facility
Two 10 kW
Wind Turbines
54 kW Solar PV
WCROC 10 kW Ventera Wind Turbines Installation in Winter / Spring 2017
SPECIFICATIONS:Wind Turbine—VenteraModel VT10—240 10kW at 29mph-13m/sCut—In Wind Speed: 6mph-2.7m/s, Survival Wind Speed: 130 mph-58 m/sTotal Weight of turbine and blades:
580lbs – 263kg3 blade, downwind, Diameter: 22 feet-6.7mSwept Area: 380 SF/35.25 SMRPM: 270 peak, Blade: Glass fiber engineered plastic,
injection moldedGenerator Rating: 15kva 240vac
at 250rpm, 3 phase
WCROC 10 kW Ventera Wind Turbines Base for Assembled Foundation
WCROC 10 kW Ventera Wind Turbines Base for Assembled Foundation
WCROC 10 kW Ventera Wind Turbines Installation in Winter / Spring 2017
SPECIFICATIONS:Assembled Foundation• 50,000 lbs of ballast for 70 foot
tower• More ballast required for larger
pole• Site Prep
• Removed 4 feet of soil • Added 4 feet of packed
Class 5 gravel• 25 foot diameter prepped • 15 foot diameter
foundation• Foundation is 7 feet tall
WCROC 10 kW Ventera Wind Turbines Assembled Foundation
WCROC 10 kW Ventera Wind Turbines Assembled Foundation
WCROC 10 kW Ventera Wind Turbines Self-Raising Tower
WCROC 10 kW Ventera Wind Turbines Installation in Winter 2017
WCROC 50 kW Solar PV System (TenKSolar Ground Mount)
Flat Plate Solar Thermal System (Solar Skies Ground Mount)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
MegaJoule
s
Modeled Dairy Monthly Energy Loads and Renewable Energy Production
Total Existing Load (MJ/m) Total Predicted Load, All Electric (MJ/m) Total RE Production (MJ/m)
• Saves over 120,000 kWh/yr and eliminates natural gas usage
• Reduces Total Energy Load by 43%
• Energy, per Gallon of Milk Produced:
– 0.40 kWh, 43% Reduction
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
MegaJoule
sChange in Energy Loads and RE Production
Initial Energy Load (MJ/m) Final Energy Load (MJ/m) Total RE Production (MJ/m)
Modeled Dairy Results
WCROC Sow Cooling Project Design
1. Provides more effective sow cooling by:A. Utilizing chilled water circulating through
pads which the sows lay on.B. Providing chilled drinking water.
2. Sows are kept in their thermal neutral comfort zone at 65 F and therefore should have better feed efficiency and reproductive performance
3. Heat rejected by the sows will be captured and used in a fluid-based heating pad for the piglets (heat lamps providing supplementary heat to piglets are one of the largest energy consumers in conventional swine facilities).
4. System is powered by renewable electricity
Sow Cooling Pads
WCROC 27 kW Solar PV System on Swine Finishing Facility
Additional 20 kW system to be added to farrowing facility
1. Ammonia production far away from Minnesota farm fields
2. Stranded wind resource due to low transmission capacity
3. Volatile nitrogen fertilizer prices for farmers
4. High ammonia demand and robust infrastructure
5. Need to secure for domestic food production (Nitrogen is 2nd most
limiting nutrient in corn and small grain production)
6. Supports economic development ($500 million to $1 billion exported
each year out of Minnesota)
7. Helps reduce carbon footprint of grain and feed production
Wind Energy to Nitrogen Fertilizer Drivers
Renewable Fertilizer: An Elegant Idea
Wind Energy + Water + Air = Nitrogen Fertilizer
Renewable Hydrogen and Ammonia Pilot Plant
Hydrogen Storage Tanks
Nitrogen Storage Tank
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Ammonia Production Buildings
12.5 kV to 480 V TransformerAmmonia Product Storage
(3000 Gallons)
Safety Equipment & Shower Building
Ammonia Pump and Loadout
Hydrogen Electrolyzer (Proton Energy 10 kW)
Air Compressor and Dryer N2 Gas Generation
Ammonia (NH3) Process Flow
Compressor
N2 H2
NH3 to Storage250 psi
-15°F
7.35 lb/h
Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers
S-1
930°F
820°F
180°F
Electric
Heater
-15°F
1500 psi
Chiller
Condenser
Separator
NH3
Reactor
Incoming gas
Process gasses are heated
Process gasses & NH3 are cooled
Recycle gas (N2 & H2)
50°F
2000 psi
800°F
-5°F
1500 psi
Gas (N2 & H2)
Gas
(N2 ,H2 & NH3)
Ammonia Reactor Skid
NH3 Load Out, Storage, Nurse Tanks, & Application
Ammonia Fuel Research
John Deere Diesel on Dynamometer Integrated Reactor Manifold
Displacing 50% of Diesel Fuel in Tractors
2017 Midwest Farm Energy Conference, June 13 -14, 2017
West Central Research & Outreach Center - Morris
Excellent speakers including:
Mr. Mark Greenwood, AgStar Financial
Dr. Brian Buhr, Dean – U of MN College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences
Dr. Barry Dunn, President, South Dakota State Univ.
Dr. Jay Harmon, Iowa State
Tours of innovative, farm-scale renewable energy systems
For more information or to register, go to: http://wcroc.cfans.umn.edu/mfec-registration
Renewable Energy
Staff:
1. Rob Gardner, Assistant Professor
2. Joel Tallaksen, Scientist
3. Eric Buchanan, Scientist
4. Cory Marquart, Assistant Scientist
5. Kirsten Sharpe, Junior Scientist
6. Michael Reese, Renewable Energy Program Director
Contact Information:Michael Reese
Director- Renewable Energy
West Central Research & Outreach Center
University of Minnesota
Phone: (320) 589-1711
Web: http://renewables.morris.umn.edu
Acknowledgements:MN Environmental and Natural Resources
Trust Fund through LCCMR
U of MN MnDRIVE and IREE
U of MN Rapid Agriculture Response Fund
State of Minnesota
Xcel Energy through a grant from the Xcel
Renewable Development Fund