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INTRODUCTION

Japaneed hand grenades are simple end *trea-ties. Tis common fuse action 18 of the tine delaytype. The grenadier must impinge the striker uponthe primer to initiate the pyrotechnic delay beforethrowing the grenade. The anti-personnel grenadesdepend upon fragmentation for their effect. hem)*they are called "defensive . grenades. The Japanesehave aade much use of the hand grenade in boobytraps.

Only one of the rifle grenades Incorporatesan impact fuse. The others are time delay lib*the band grenades. The Japanese use both the spigotand the cup launcher ttatabeent for the rifle.

The grenade discharger is much used Japaneseweapon. By its means hand grenades and rifledmortar shells are propelled with diatom, and accuracy.The mortar shells are included in this publicationas part of the general grenade warfare equipment.

.11.-

TABLE OF CONTENTS .

Type 91 Hand, mercer, or Rifle Grenade

Type 97 Hand Grenade

Type 00 Hand Grenade

Pull Type Hand Granada

Stick Grenade 69

Armor Piercing Grenade el

1/2 Kg. Inoendiary Orenade 63

Incendiary Stick Grenade 65

Molotov Cocktail Grenade 67

Frangible RCN Orenades 69

Frangible Smoke Grenada 69

Hollow Charge Rifle Grenada 71

hide Smoke Granada 73

Model BO Mortar Grenade li.K. Shell 75

Model 89 Mortar Grenada Smoke Shill 77

Model 89 Mortar Orenade Incendiary Shell 79

Model 89 Mortar Orenado Prectica .79

Modal 89'Grenado Discharger 61

51

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411/1/14010

FIRING PIN

BRASS CAP

FUZE BODY

INERTIA PELLET

CREEP SPRING

PRIMERGAS VENT

*. BODYT:NY.

ft.!. o.

.

DELAY PELLET

WASHER

DETONATOR

PACKING

10:::11411

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JAPANESETYPE 97 HAND GRENADE

52

1.0

THESE CHARACTERS INSCRIBEDON TUBE -

"C H* 3 A-(C H TOKYO ti'MARCH 194I

ON.

-

J A PAiiiege

1

1114141110111111rVats .Overall length Maximum diameter Color

Total weight Filling Delsy

4 inches.2 inches.Body black; fuzecover red; fuzebrass.1 lb. 3 oz.Powdered T.M.T.4 5 seconds.

TYPE 97

WAND GRENADE

Dewar! ptlon The body is cylindric/ with serrations to give uniform fragmentation. Tolegrenade is identical to the Type 91 grenade except that the bass of this grenade issolid and therefore cannot take propelling charge. It can only be used as bandgrenade.The fuze consists of brass inertia pellet with stool firing pin separatedfrom the primer by creep spring. The inertia weight is held into the fuse by light brass cap which Is crimped into cnnelure In the fuze body so as to preventthe firing pin from rescuing the primer. The firing pin is threaded into the inertiaweight, and, before arming. it is not screwed in far enough and its point does not ,protrude below the base of the inertia weight. Therefore, before using the grenade.it is necessary to screw the firing pin into the inertia weight so that It will pro-

trude. In addition, a double brass safety pin fits through holes lc the brass cepand fuze body into holes in the inertia 'eight thus preventing the firing pin fromroacning the percussion cap.The delay pellet screws into the base of the fuse and contains snail quantityof granular black powder in the top and highly press ed pellet of black powder inthe lower *cotton. A hole drilled in the side of the fuse contain. fusible plugwhich melts when the bleak powder burns, allowing the escape of the gases formed oncombustion of the daisy train. The escape of these gases will enable the throwerto know If the delay pellet has ignited. The tetryl detonator is oontaisold in thoslower pert of brass tube.

Operation

Rhe firing plummet first be threaded down into tits inertia weight. The safetypin must then b. withdrawn. Am *be grenade is to be thrown by band, it is n000searyto strike the inertia weight on some hard object tints driving the firing piss intothe primer to ignite the delay train.

-4

'4;

e j

1. Fuze oody2. Striker3. Safety fork4. Fuze cover5. Striker spring6. Fuze cover retainer scree7. Primer capEh Flash guard9. Air vent

2.0. Filling plug11. Delay train..12. Grenade-body.13. Explosive filler14. Detonator

glINIRIONO

0 0 TYPEJAPAIIESE HAND GRENADE

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JAPANESE le Is

01 length 3-1/2 inches.Maximum di 1-5/8 inches.Color body black with white

label pasted aroundIt. The top of toegrenade Is paintedred, fuze cover redthe fuse is brass.

total weight 0.8 lbs.?Sluing Cast Picric AcidDelay 4 - b seconds.

TYPE 00

HAND GRENADE

Description

The cast steel body has smooth surfaces. There is shoulder projecting 1/16"from each end of the body. The inside of the body is finished with lacquer to keepthe filler from reacting with the steel case. Tim filler is also wrapped in heavypaper.

A light motel flash deflector le fitted in the top of the grenade. This de-flector ill 3/8" wide and 7/8" In diameter. Two 1/8" boles are punched in theoutemperiphary and match the spanner boles In the fuze body. This'positione thegas vents In Use fuze 900 from the hole. in the flash deflector. The flash de-flector reduces the possibility of the flesh from the sap burning the band of thethrower end the possibility of the flesh being seen by the enemy at night.

The fuze is similar to that used In the Type 91 end 97 grenade. with a feeImprovements. On the old type the striker may turn or spring clear of the grenadewhen the mffely sire Is pulled. In this fuse, scree in the fuze body projectsthrough slot in the striker cover and keeps the cover In oleos. The slot allowsthe cover to wove down when the striker Is struck oh bard object. Also thestriker and Inertia weight are machined together and the striker protrudes so thatit does not have to be threaded down Lo arm the grenade.

The Inertia weight is held In the fuse by the light bres cap which Is crimpedinto onnelure in the fuse body. A double brass safety pin fits through holesIn the brass cap end fuse body Into holes in the inertia weight thus preventing thefiring pin from reaching the percussion imp.

The delay pellet screws into the base of the fuse and contains email quantityof granular black powder in the top and a highly pressed pellet of blank powder Intoe lower ection. A hole drilled in the side of the Pass contains fusible plugwhich melts when the blaok powder burns, allowing the *soaps of the pew formedin combustion of the delay train. The *soap of these risme Will enable thethrower to know if the delay pellet has ignited.

The tetryl detonator is oontalned In the lower part of a base tube azaerellosfrom the base of the fuse to the bottom of the bursting Wargo.

Operation

The safety pin is withdrawn and the heed of the fuse Is struck em some herdobject. This forces the striker down into the primer igniting the delay.

55

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111111111111111101111111AM11111

111111111116._

1. Lead cover2. Lead cover3. Lim plate4. Delay pellet5. Detonator6. Cover twist) roam7. Firing stringb. Friction igniter9. Ketch co.position

JAPANESE PULL TYPE. RAND GigliPg:At

x.t1... .

maw

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1

a

agglEnatim.DataOverall length 3-3/4 inch...11421mue diameter 2 inches.Color black.Total weight 1 lb.Tilling Granular T.Y.T.Weight of filling.39.5 grams.Daley 5-1/2 second..

Description

JAPIREtr PULL TYPE

NAND GRENADE

The body, unlike the Type 91 or 9/, hes no longitudinal serrations, but ooes hovefive Iran depressions. On one side, fitted top and bottom, are two ring.which could be used for carrying or for anchoring. Th. lead clover is screwed onto the top of the grenade end Is grooved to provide grip for easy removal. Thethumb cover reless holds the cover on and must be depressed before th. cover canhe removed. When this le depd, the cover can be unscrewed in 000 and one-halfturns, thus exposing the firing string ableh is ettohed to :friCtiOn:igniter.

Operation

The thumb cover release must be dep, and then the cover must be removed.When Lim firing string Is pulled, it drew. sanded tring through match composi-tion. The Ignition of the match composition .111 ignite the black powder delaytrain.

57

JAPANESEiGRENADE

1

1. Sort, Gap. 7. 78r.2. Pull King. 8. Orub Screws.3. Pull String. 9. Delay Pcslet.4. Grenade handle 10. Ter6. Priotion Igniter 11. Explosive Filler.6. Sand Goso..t.on 12. Grenada Eody

13. Detonator.

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AMMOJAPANESE

STICKGRENADE

IsL5L5

Overall length 7-3/4 inches.Maximum diameter 1-6/16 Inches.Color body black; handle

unpainted.Total weight 1 lb. 3 oz.Pilling Cast Picric Acid.height of nixing3 oz.Delay 4 - 5 s000nds.

Dee cxLI1

The body is oylindrIoal In shape and Is made of oast steel 1/4* thick. Thehandle is turned from soft wood and slips into the steel body where it Is held bythree scree.. This joint is seabed with costing of tar. The screw cap at thepull end of the handle im of light tin plated steel.

Tho fuss consists of friction ignition composition with sanded string run-ning through it. This string extends up the hollow handle and is connected to pull ring which is exposed by removing the screw osp at the top of the beadle.

Operation

The screw cep is removed from the top of lb. handle. The ring inside the handleIs then pulled. This draws the sanded string through the ignition oomposition ig-niting the 4 or b seoond delay. The train detonate. asp union detonates themein energe.

This grenade has wore fragmentation effect then the Cowmen H.E. Stick Grenade.

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JAPANESE HAKOBAKURAI TYPE ANTI-TANK GRENADE

Data

Diameter4-5/4 Inc haw,Thickness 1-1/2 1 iu hes.toter khakiTotal weight 2 lbs. 11 ot.Length of hut gambled6-1/4 inch.Delay 5 - 6 amends. T.N.T.

Descrl ,tion

JAPANESEARMOR PIERCING:GRENADE MOD.994"NAKOBAKURA It

This mine le of site so teat Its use as grenade Is quite possible. It con-ist of eight separate sections of Cast 1.N.T. wrapped in wax paper, all held to-gether In khaki color canvas nover. The general shape of the sine Is that of flat disc, resembling water bottle. It Is malty recognised by four equallyspaced permanent magnets ettototted by khaki webbing to the outer edge of the minebody.

The fuze contains two springs, compression spring and tiring-pin spring,the latter of which is contained in firing pin sleeve. Pour steel retaining ballsfit Into holes in the fuze body and notches in the firing pin 'leave retaining theposition of the firing pin. A fuss cap provides base for the two springs and isgrooved on the inside about 1/5 of the my up from its base. There is safety pinwhich p 00000 through the fuse body just below the base of the safety osp and be-tween the striker and the percussion cap. The powder delay train threads into thebase of the fuse body, and the detonator tube threads over the bees of the delaytrain container.

11E1E1.22The fuse le carried separately and Is secured to the mine by i locking ring.

The mine is then slopped against an armored surface, the safety pin Is pulled,and the foss cep le given sharp rap. This fore,. It downward against the com-pression spring, compressing the firing pin spring, end presenting the groove tothe retaining belle. The oompromion of the firing pin spring forees the ballsoutward into thi groove and shoots the firing pin into the permeates esp.

The mines are often coupled together end when so used will penetrate l-1/4esteel plate.

Remarks

Jopeneo Armor Piercing Mine - ILyuchaku Sakurai.

This Is of the same nature as above but is shaped like bun pith a,flat bees.The magnetised eurfamo is the bass. With this tacreasad sweetie property it eonbe tossed frank a range of ten feet.

41

62

Light brasscover

Safety pin

Outer brasscover

inner brasscover

Fuze tube

Burster

Firing pinCreep spring

Percussion cap

JAPANESEKG. INCENDIARY GRENADE

1,-

1015

0.ersil length b.6 inches.Maximum diameter 2.0 Inches.body (materiel) braes.Weight 1.1 lb.Filling White phosphorus.Delay 4 - b seoonds.

Description

JAPANESE1/2 KG.

INCENDIARYGRENADE

S

This grened may be thrown by hand or projeotd with the 60 mm grenade dis-charger, Yodel n9. The incendiary filling Is oontelned in brass body which mayhwee propelling charge on the base.

The fuze is stellar to the one used in the Types 91 and 91 fragmentation handgrenade.. The fuse consists of braes inertia pellet with steel firing pinseparated from the primer by creep spring. The inertia weight is held into thefuse by light brass cap which le crimped into cannelurs In the fuze body soes to or...ant the firing pin tram reaching the printer. The firing pin is threadedinto the inertia weight, and, before arming, it Is not screwed in tar enough andits point does not protrude below the base of the Inertia weight. Therefore, be-fore using the grenade it Is y to screw the firing pin into the inertiaweight so that it will protrude. In addition, double brass safety pin fitsthrough holes in the bras, cap and fuse body into bolos in the Inertia weightthus presenting the firing pin from reaching the percussion cap.

The delay pellet Screws into the base of the fuse and contains smell quantityof granular black powder in the top sod highly pressed pellet of black powderin the lower ection. hole drilled in the side of the rule oontains fusibleplug which melts 'nen the bleak powder burns, allowing the escape of the gasesformed on comoumtion of the delay train. The ***ape of these gases will onsidethe tnrower to know if the delay pellet has ignited. beneath the primer is 4 to 1 soonds delay pellet which will detonate central burster tube.

The steel propellent container is 11. long. 1.02. in diameter, and has six per-forations in its walls. It is screwed into the base or the body. perforatedplug screws into the base of this container and in cavity in this is percussioncap. Two flesh holes lead through the percussion pap holder to small quantityof black powder. A perforated steel disc cover the plug end inside the propellantcontainer proper is copper cup containing flakes of Unless propellantpowder.

Offers t11:a)

The tiring pin must first-be threaded down into the inertia weight. The safetypin must then be withdrawn. If the grenade im to be thrown by hand, it is ryto strike the inertia weight on some hard object Lama driving the firing pin intothe primer to ignite the delay train.

If the grenade is to be fired from the grenade diseharger, or knee mortar se itis sometimes wiled, the grenade with propellant container Is dropped base firstInto the disoherger. When the trigger mechanism of the discharger is operated. itstiring pin strikes the percussion cap igniting the propelling charge Which propelsthe grenade. Force of setbaok causes the firing pin in the grenade fuse to .empressthe creep spring and hit the primer So ignite the delay train.

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JAPANESEINCENDIARY" STICK GRENADE

- 4

402321illb,bets

Overall length13 2 inenes.Maximum diameter2 1 inches.Length of handle 5.3 inches.Filling Phosphorus and carbon

disulphide.eight of filling . . . . 2 lbs. 3* oz.Imlay. 6 seconds.

Le g er! ption

JAPANESEiv-INCENDIARY

STICKGRENADE

This grenade body I. long end cylindrical with hemispherical ends. The handleIs solid and has transverse hole drilled through one end. The body is filledwith 41 phosphorus-impregnted rubber pellets in carbon disulphide. These pelletsere scattered by means of email central bursting charge. It is poasible thatthe grenade la ...slimes filled with phosphorus smoke tilling. The handle pro-trude. from ono ems of the body. the fuse from the other.

The lute consists of brass Inertl pellet with steel tiring pin separatedfrom Ulu primer by a creep spring. The inertia weight is held into the fuse by light braes cop which Is crimped into ennelure In the fuse body so es toprevent the firing pin from reaching the primer. The firing pin Is threaded intothe Inertia weight, end. before arming, IL is not screwed in far enough and itspoint does not protrude below the base of the inertia weight. Therefore, beforeusing the grenade it is nee aaaaa y to scree the firing pin into the inertia weightso that It will protrude. In addition. double bras safety pin fits throughholes in the bras, cep and fuze body Into holes In the inertia weight thus pre-venting the firing pin from reaching the percussion nap.

The delay pellet serous into Lho base of the fuze and contain' Small quantityof granular black powder In the top and highly pressed pellet of black powderin th. lower section. A hole drilled in the side of the fuse contains fusibleplop, which melte when the black powder burns, allowing the escape of the formed on combustion of the delay train. The escape of tnes gages will *noblethe thrower to know if the delay pellet has ignited.

Operation

The firing pin must first oe threaded down Into toe inertia weight. The safetypin le then withdrawn. Just before throwing, It is necessary to strike the inertiaweight on a herd object, driving the striker down into 'the pilaw and ignitingthe delay. The detonation of the burster tube will scatter the incendiary palletsWitch will ignite sponLaneoully.

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42102120110kDate

Overall length 11-1/ inches.Maximum , iumeter2-1/3 inches.Pilling Any inflemmabi, hon.

zinc type liquid.Capacity 12 ounces.

Description

44-1-4"..40r1k*

JAPANESE MOLOTOVCOCKTAIL

The body of this grmecie conalets of Japanese beer bottle into the top ofwhich Is fitted an "all-wey" action ruts. Thor Is s rubber Vher under thefut. to render It liquid tight, and tho fuse fits Into the nook of the bottle inthe Bonner of crown stopper.

The ruts consists of tiring pin contlnod in housing and separated freethe detonator contained in carrier by 'Hinny pin end troop spring. Thisfiring pin housing hall hemispherical .eight on the top of it and blears *soli:Lotthe underside of the nose cap which is of ladlar shape. Th. bottom or thedetonator carrier is also rounded and boors &aslant cam aaaaa a. so that it tooIs free to move. The safety pin runs through the tiring pin housing and restsgalmet tho top of tho detonator carrier so tint malthor part is free to move.beneath tho detonator thew, is an incendiary miAturo consisting of barrios nitrateend magnesium.

Thep safoty pin is pulled out and the grenade is thrown. On impact the 'all-o ys' fusel will function and set off the detonator thus igniting in. Incendiarybooster and inflammable filler.

If ...%!r'

A.* HCN GRENADECOPPER STABILIZED

TYPE

COPPER 172 B-KSTABILIZEDOR.

TYPE172 C-K

/73

JAPANESE FRANGIBLE H C NAND SMOKE GRENADES

7

SMOKE

HCN GRENADECONTAINER

o

-1144;:z. 741001111111110441120111111WPHANAIPLFONENADE3 hate

Maximum diameter 3.9 inchesTotal weight 1.2 lbs.Filling Hydrocyanic acid.Weight of filling12 2 fluid oc.Capacity14 5 fluid os.

JAPANESE FRANGIBLE

H.C.N. GRENADES4 FRANGIBLESMOKE GRENADE

leacri ntlon

These grenades are recognisable mainly ms round glass bowls fined with H.C.I.They differ to minor details.

1. The upper stabilised typo As round bottomed whereas the 172 9-Kend 172 C-h have flat bottoms.

2. The copper gives one yellow tint while the other two appear to belight green.

3. The copper tbilized type has one moulded ring around the outsideInstead of two as the others have.

4. The copper stabilized type i closed by crown nap over corkstopper and ins other two are closed by crown sap over rubberwasher.

2. The copper stabilised type is carried in sheet metal container andthe 172 h-K land 172 C-K are carried in cardboard containers.

The grenades contain 12.2 oc. of liquid which is about SO% n7drocyanic acid. Thisis very strong, systemic poison.

22ultion.

The grenade is thrown and on impact the glees will break releasing the H.C.N.Tole goo is swift and deadly if Inhaled. In such quantities the gas is exception-ally non-persistent goo these grenades are designed for ma* in mall closed spacessuch as pillboxes or tams.

FheNg lrLF.GhENADETotsroWell length 3.3 inches.Maximum diameter 2.6 Incises.Circumference 9.3 inched'.Color Light yellow.Total weight 9.7 og.Filling Titanium & silicon tetrachloride.Weight of filling 4.1 OS.

hascrIptionThr grenade Is a flat bottomed spherical container made of clear glees. It has

short neck closed by red rubber topper held under red rubber masher withinIII, inner iron crown cep, this being enclosed by header iron outer crown cap. Thefilling is mixture of titanium and silicon tetrachloride which will be hydrolysedby the moisture of the sir, with the formation of hydroxides and hydrochloric acid.

grenade is thrown and on impact the glass bottle breaks releasing the fluidand producing moke. It I. Intended for wee in screening operations. Though thefiller Is irritating to the skin as liquid, in ordinary field concentrations thissmoke i hardly Irritating enough to cause coughing,

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JAPANESEHOLLOW CHARGERIFLE GRENADE

ACTIIIMUM,Dote----Overall length 7.911 incite*.MARI 11111111 01110tOr 1.511 inches.(olor Ill ark end grey.Total weight12 4 ., os.Filling Weight of filling 3.81 os.

Description

JAFrgrVIOLLOW-CHARGE

RIFLEGRENADE

This grenade Is Dopy of the women Grose newehr Pansergranate and le firedfrom a cup launcher attached to the standard 6.6 ma. rifle.

The body is cylindrical with semi-conical ansped head. It Is made in twoparts threaded together and fitted with ballistic cap and cone to give thehollow-cherge effect. The forward part contains the explosive charge east aroundthe cons. Tne after part which is made of alumina' has rifled collar near tbbass and contains the fuse and explosive train.

The fuze le held in by base plate with protruding spigot wnich le Strewedinto the base of the grenade. The fuze is hold in position by the spigot. Theneedle firing pin is secured In housing that has four stirrup like Springs protruding from the side. Around the housing is setback spring bold in by an arm-ing sleeve which has two sets of grooves notched on the inner side. Holding thefiring pin stationary is coiled clock spring which Is bald In by the armingsleeve. There is also creep spring between the tiring pin and detonator.

The propelling charge consists of special partridge with wooden bullet.

etpt.lon

On firing, Pothook nausea the arming to move down and it is held downby the stirrup springs which engage in the groove In the arising sleeve. Centri-fugsl form. then (souses the clock spring to expand and the fuse le armed. Gmimpact the firing pin housing overcomes the creep spring and moves onto the fleahcap setting off the detonator and booster.

71

44015100,

JAPANESERIFLE SMOKE GRENADE

SMOKEMIXTURE

IGNITERPELLET

SMOKEPORTS FL ASH PORTS

WOODEN BULLET

PROPELLANTCHARGESTOWED.

.0?CARDBOARDSEALING DISC

PULLCORD

1'

itailsrannaiobats

Overall lengtMaximum diame ter

Color Total weightFilling

Tescrlp tion

77. r-

1/2 inches.Body, 2 Inches.Fine, 2-9/16 Inches.Silver1.29 lbs.Hexechlorettmne-b6.2%Zinc, Metallic -27.84Zinc Chloride - 2.91Zinc Oxide-13.4(

JAPANESE RIFLE

SMOKEGRENADE

This grenade is used with special adapter which fits over the end of therifle barrel. it is painted silver and thoroughly roofed with coats ofheavy lacquer and paraffin.

The nose is of.No. 23 gage Be/ tin plate with rolled threads to fit those onthe body of the grenade. Soft iron wire is wrapped in the thread groove andsoldered in place, presumably to aid In peeling the Joint. The body proper isrolled from so. 23 gage Bel tin plate and Is soldered along one longitudinal seam.!lolled threads are provided at each end to fit the threads on the nose and base.

The base is stamped from No. lb gage Bab sheet teel and is crewed onto thebody by means of rolled thread.. Soft iron sirs is wrapped and soldered into thesethread groove.. The base Is partially filled elth plastic which has threadedhole half filled with solder. The bottom plat. Is held In place by small screwimbedded in the solder. The igniter pellet is encased in a thin walled brass con-tainer which is supported by tin plate screwed and soldered onto the body.

The four smoke porta are placed st 900 IIs around the bass and are cow-ered with light sheet metal discs which are held In place by waterproof cementcovered with paraffin. There are three flash ports, epeoed t 120 . Interval.. Inthe bottom of the base.

The grenade tube le made of Mo. 18 gage !WS measlese heel tubing and theupper end is threaded to fit the smell end of the base*. The threaded joint Iswrapped with adhesive tope. The tube is sealed with paraffin impregnated card-board disc attached to 9 of heavy twine. The four fins ere soldered to, and areequally spaced .round, the tube and are of Mo. 24 B11X tin plate.

The motive force and primary Ignition are furnished by standard 0.256 cal.Japanese rifle cartridge loaded with 1.927 gram. of powder and fitted with woodpellet. This cartridge is wrapped in paper and stored in the grenade tube.

Opera

The rifle cartridge is removed from the grenade tube and inserted to the rifle.The grenade is placed over the spigot adapter. %nen the rifle is fired, the gashesfrom the cartridge propell the grenade end axeo pass through the flash ports toinitiate the igniter pellet which In turn Ignite& the Smoke mixture. Smoke iethen emitted through the emission holes.

73

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8 HOLESAVAPART

BLACKPOWDERPRIMER

COPPER CUP

T.N.T.

RINGCHARGE

CAPEXHAUST ROLES

STRIKER

SEATING WAGNER

ARMING SLEEVE

GAL "DETENTS

COPPERROTATING

SAND

JAPANESE TYPE 89 MORTAR GRENADE71.

1

glezigazazOMhats

Overall length 6-1/4 inches.Maximum diameter 60 ma.Color of body black.Markings Tip 6/16 . red band.

Below bourrelet 5/16.yellow band. Belowdriving band 6/16"white band. Midway onshell 1/16" yellowbend Is placed some-times in lieu of theother two mentionedwhite & yellow bands.

Total weight 1.6 lbs.Puce instantaneous impact.Pilling Weight of filling. .6. 6.4 015.

JAPANESE MODEL 89

MORTAR GRENADEN.E. SHELL .

Description

The body of this shell is made of throe parts. The propellant base housingis made of steel and contains the propellant container and the propellant containercover. A 6/6' wide copper rotating band is into it Immediately over sight6/16 . boles. The band is held in place by 6 steel pins. The percussion primer iscontained In the base of the housing.

The slain shell bass cover is threaded to the topsection on one end and to thepropellant base housing on the other. The top emotion is of steel 6/32' thick andhas so opening in the top Into which the fuse fits.

All items of the fume are sonstruoted of brass except the firing pin, which issteel, and the arming elemve, which is made of tinplate. A Setback spring boldsthe firing pin assembly guide up off of the arming sleeve. The arming sleeve hastwo centrifugal detente within it. The striker cap enema the forward end ofthe striker and the upper spring. There le a spring retainer between the twosprings.

The two-pronged safety pin passes through the fuse body immediately beneaththe firing pin assembly guide. Tho propellant is *copped of nitrocellulosediphanylaadne flakes.

Opera tion.

This shell is fired from the Type '69 Grenade discharger. The safety pia isremoved and the shell is dropped into the open end of the discharger. Mum thetrigger mechanism of the discharger is operated, the firing pin of the dischargernits the percussion nap, and the flash from this ignites the black powder sad thenthe propellant powder. The gases generated blow through the perforations In thebase housing, expanding the copper rotating band into the rifling of the dis-charger giving gas seal and imparting rotation to the shell. The shell can bethrown from 140 to 700 yards depending upon the setting of the discharger.-

Setback action on firing causes the firing pin assembly guide In the fuse tomove downward compressing the setback spring and bending the three prongs OD thearming sleeve back into lb* contour of the sleeve, thus allowing the firing pinassembly guide to completely cover the arming sleeve. When setback ceased. thesetback spring formes the firing pin assembly guide and the arming sleeve forwardagain. As anon as the arming sleeve Is clear of the centrifugal d they moveoutward and the striker is free to hit the detonator upon tweet. It has been een-eluded that the effective radius of the Shell is rather limited end the amenityeffect of nearby bursts should be small.

11

incrattgetaitt

EJECTIONPLATE

PAPER, IMPREGNATEDWITH SLACKPOWDER

FOILDISC

RETARDERCUP

PROPELLANT

PRIMER

DETONATOR

JAPANESESMOKE

MORTAR GRENADE

SPRINGWASHERS STRIKER

IGNITERMIXTURE

SMOKEMIXTURE

SMOKEMIXMTURECONTAINER

SAFETY PIN

UPPERTIMERING

TIME TRAINMOVABLE

TIMERING

DETONATOR

POOSTER

1

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c.

Leta

OverallOverall length 6-1/4 inches.Maximum diameter b0 111K.Color Black.Markings On tip, 5/16" red

band. below Dour-relet, 5/16" whiteband. Just aboverotating bend,5/16" white band.

Total weight 1.9 lbs.Fuse Type . 69 saall

time fuse.Filling Hexechlorethane

"nuke alzture.weight of filling 1.70 os.

APANESE MODEL 89

MORTAR GRENADESMOKE SHELL

iascrlptlon

The projectile casing Is of forged steel. The noise screws onto the mein bodyat point just behind the bourralet. The main body is jointed to the base with press fit, held by four screw shear pins. The base is constructed of taro se-tiona, screwed together. The upper section fits Into toe main body. The lowersection is fitted with copper rotating band and contains the primer and propel-lent charge. Tne lower section has eight holes in the base to allow the gage. toescape into the dischargerond eight holes beneath the rotating band so that thegases force the band into the rifling of the discharger. The smoke mixture isheld In brass cup inside the main body.

The propellant charge Is of nitrocellulose dipbenylmina flakes.

The fut. is of pyrotechnic delay train type. The triter Is held by nafetypin and creep spring. Settings are acquired by rotating the lower ring in relationto the gradations in the fuse body. This positions port in the lower ring Inrelation to the upper pyrotechnic train. The fuse is marked in gradation' ofhundreds of feet, not units of tine.

Operation

The safety pin Is pulled out and the shell is dropped, base first, into thedischarger. When the trigger nochaniam of the discharger is operated, Its firingpin fires the percussion cap and tam ignite. the black powder and In turn thepropellant powder. The gases generated blow through the perforation beneath therotating band, expanding it into the rifting and providing gas seal. The shallcan be propelled fron'140 to 700 yards.

On setback, the striker overcomes the creep spring and Initiates the lowerpowder train. This burns in clockwise direction until it reaches the pried-juated port and then the upper train is Ignited. This burns in counter clock-wise direction until it roaches the port In the fuse base leading to the maple.,sive charge in the gain.. This charge ruptures the thin plate.in the bass of thefuse gains, Ignites the smoke starter mixture, and expels the smote osuilla-rreathe shell easing.

77

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tcrrArArt4074 WA I VA Ira I VA PF/a k

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JAPANESE MORTARGRENADES

INCENDIARY SHELL

7B

PRACTICE SHELL

afireziSaik JAPANESE lets

1Overall length Mexlmum diamete

b1/4 IISIOS.50 ma.

l.olor Aluminum.Weight 1.25 lbs.Pilling Potassium NItrete,

47.7%; Aluminum,21.7%;Sulphur, 19.9%; Anti-mony trisulphide,6.1%;wax, 2.e%.

Weight of filling0.67 lbs.

MOD.89 MORTAR GRENADE

INCENDIARY AND

PRACTICE SHELL

Lescri Dtlun

This shell is a cylindrical sheet metal tube with semi-hemispherical nos.,and is covered with a clear lacquer. Around the side of the grenade are toursilver foil discs, each disc. oovering seven ports in the grenade casing. The basela of light metal threaded to receive the propelling charge. The propelling chargeis of the same type as that used with the Yodel 91 grenade. The charge is ignitedby two black powder pyrotechnic trains that run through the base of the grenade.These ere actuated by the flash of the propellant

-Operation

The shell le dropped Into the discharger base firat.14nen the trigger mechanismof the discharger is operated, the flring pin hit. the percussion cap in the pro-pellant charge which propels the shell out of the discharger and ignites the delaytrain in the base of the shell. This In turn ignites the incendiary filling.

. -

--.

PhACTILE SHELL

Leta

Overall length 6-1/4 inches.Maximum themnter 50 mm.'eight 1.6 lbs.

The practice shell is of same outward shape and dimensions as the E.F. shell.It doe. not have the red bend around the nose, however. as that is the .lap may ofindicating filled shell. The base of the practice shell is made of one partonly. The propellent base housing Is threaded directly oh to the main ab.11 base.The main shall base is of heavier oonstructLon than is that of the Ii. g. Well.

79

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JAPANESEMODEL 89 GRENADE DISCHARGER

dliaMIESP

Elevatingworm

Ma inspringhousing

7".7.7117

MMOLeta

Overfill length 24 inches.Length of barrel 10 inches.Weight10 1/1 lbs.Maximum flange

Model 09 Shell. . . . 770 yards.Model 91 grenade . . . 175 yards.

Description

JA ANESE MODEL 89GRENADE

DISCHARGER This 10 ma. discharger can fir, either the Model 09 shell or the Model 91 grenade.

It Is constructed of steel, pipe-like, rifled barrel which is attached to smallbase. The base is curved so that it may be fitted over medium-sited tree trunk orlog. Between the barrel and the base is the trigger housing containing the tootingend firing mechanism and range - adjusting assembly.

The discharger hem range eels on both sides of the trigger slot end the weapontan be eat t the desired range by turning the elevating knob. then the knob isturned, it lengthens or shortens the distance that the trigger housing protrude@inside the barrel of the discharger thus regulating the distance the projectiletravels through the barrel. Behind the firing pin housing is the main spring ledmainspring housing. The trigger protrudes through lengthwise slot in the pedestalortrigger housing.Operation

The safety pin on the shell is removed, and the shell 1 0 placed in the barreland allowed to drop to the firing pin housing, where it remains until fired. Thetrigger is then pulled and the cogs in the trigger move the main- spring housingforward by engaging the cogs in the front of the housing. thereby causing themainspring tc be compd. As this action aaaa piece, the seer on the triggerengages against the cocking lug on the firing pin shaft. A continued pull on thetrigger allows the sear to bacons disengaged from the cocking lug, end the oam-pression of the mainspring, upon being , sends the firing pin forwerd sadsets off the propellant.

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