utilitarianism. types of theory teleological teleological the consequence of the moral act is the...

UtilitarianismUtilitarianism

Types of TheoryTypes of Theory


TeleologicalTeleologicalThe consequence of the moral act The consequence of the moral act

is the important thingis the important thing


TeleologicalTeleologicalThe consequence of the moral act The consequence of the moral act

is the important thingis the important thing

DeontologicalDeontologicalRightness is determined by some Rightness is determined by some

moral value in the act itselfmoral value in the act itself

Original UtilitarianismOriginal Utilitarianism

BenthamBentham

Nature has placed Nature has placed mankind under the mankind under the governance of two governance of two sovereign masters, sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to is for them alone to point out what we point out what we ought to do, as well ought to do, as well as to determine what as to determine what we shall do.we shall do.


John Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill

The only evidence The only evidence we have, says Mill, we have, says Mill, that something is that something is intrinsically intrinsically desirable, is that desirable, is that we observe that we observe that people desire it people desire it just just for itselffor itself..


Utilitarian ThesisUtilitarian ThesisWhat is good is what conduces to the What is good is what conduces to the

greatest happiness for greatest happiness for the greatest the greatest number of people.number of people.


Utilitarian ThesisUtilitarian ThesisWhat is good is what conduces to the What is good is what conduces to the

greatest happiness for greatest happiness for the greatest the greatest number of people.number of people.

Utilitarian PrincipleUtilitarian PrincipleAct so as to produce the greatest Act so as to produce the greatest

happiness for the happiness for the greatest number.greatest number.


NietzscheNietzsche

Man does not Man does not strive after strive after happiness; only the happiness; only the Englishman does Englishman does that.that.

Some ProblemsSome Problems

The Assumption of Sufficient The Assumption of Sufficient KnowledgeKnowledge

It It assumes that the moral actor has assumes that the moral actor has the capacity to know what the the capacity to know what the outcomes of any action are going to outcomes of any action are going to be.be.


PracticalityPracticality

For example: For example: how far into the future how far into the future do these considerations have to be do these considerations have to be extended.extended.


JusticeJustice

Utilitarian reasoning would conflict Utilitarian reasoning would conflict with some of our deepest intuitions with some of our deepest intuitions about what is justabout what is just


DostoevskyDostoevsky

Would you Would you torture to death torture to death an innocent child an innocent child if by doing so you if by doing so you would secure would secure happiness for the happiness for the rest of mankind?rest of mankind?

Refined UtilitarianismRefined Utilitarianism

Act-Utilitarian ThesisAct-Utilitarian Thesis

An act is right if and only if it An act is right if and only if it results in as much results in as much good as any good as any available alternativeavailable alternative..

Refined UtilitarianismRefined Utilitarianism

Act-Utilitarian ThesisAct-Utilitarian Thesis

An act is right if and only if it results An act is right if and only if it results in as much in as much good as any available good as any available alternativealternative..

Rule-Utilitarian ThesisRule-Utilitarian Thesis

An act is right if and only if it is the An act is right if and only if it is the consequence of consequence of following a rule that, following a rule that, with other rules, if followed with other rules, if followed would lead would lead to as much happiness as any other rulesto as much happiness as any other rules ..

Some More ProblemsSome More Problems


The ‘Pig Philosophy’The ‘Pig Philosophy’


The ‘Pig Philosophy’The ‘Pig Philosophy’ Why not plug into a happiness machine?Why not plug into a happiness machine?


The ‘Pig Philosophy’The ‘Pig Philosophy’ Why not plug into a happiness machine?Why not plug into a happiness machine? Is it better to be Socrates dissatisfied Is it better to be Socrates dissatisfied

than a pig satisfied?than a pig satisfied?


FairnessFairness


FairnessFairness It doesn’t seem to matter how the It doesn’t seem to matter how the

happiness is distributedhappiness is distributed




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Option Option 11

Option Option 22

Option Option 33




AA BB CC DD

Option Option 11

11 11 11 11

Option Option 22

Option Option 33




AA BB CC DD

Option Option 11

11 11 11 11

Option Option 22

-2-2 22 22 22

Option Option 33




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Option Option 11

11 11 11 11

Option Option 22

-2-2 22 22 22

Option Option 33

-1-1 -1-1 -1-1 77


LifestyleLifestyle


LifestyleLifestyle

oror

Some ResponsesSome Responses

Mill distinguishes between types of Mill distinguishes between types of pleasurespleasures

Those who have sampled both know that Those who have sampled both know that the the higher are more pleasurablehigher are more pleasurable

Life … [is] not a life of rapture; but moments of Life … [is] not a life of rapture; but moments of such, in an existence such, in an existence made up of few and transitory made up of few and transitory pains, many and various pleasure, with pains, many and various pleasure, with a decided a decided predominance of the active over the passive, and predominance of the active over the passive, and having as the having as the foundation of the whole, not to foundation of the whole, not to expect more from life than it is capable expect more from life than it is capable of bestowingof bestowing

utilitarianism. types of theory teleological teleological the consequence of the moral act is the...

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