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International Research Journa Vol. 6(1), 44-46, January (2017 International Science Community Associat Short Communication Utilization of vermiw Department of Zoology, Jijamata C Avai Received 23 rd Novem Abstract Vermiwash is brownish red coloured liqui soil micronutrients collected after passing controlling insect pests. Our study exami concentration of vermiwash) on the tomato In order to evaluate the impact of vermi insect pests of tomato, a field experiment effective as compared to 40% and 50% sol Keywords: Vermiwash, Bio-pesticides, Pe Introduction Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) the nutritious plant is considered as the king o tomato is widely grown vegetable crop al Tomatoes are very rich source of vitamin A plays vital role in cell division and d epithelization of gut, respiratory and urinary boosts body’s immune system and helps growth. Vitamin C, on the other hand parti formation. Collagen, basic structural protein structural integrity to cartilages, muscles, vessels 1 . The tomato plant is attacked by number of which reduces its yield and fruits quality. A n pesticides are available in market for the c vegetables. However their indiscriminate us problems of air, soil and water pollutions resistance in target insect pest and serious hea the toxicity of their residues. Efforts are being alternatives to chemical insectcides to overcom Vermiwash, a liquid fertilizer filtered thro earhworms and obtained by passing wate column of earthworm action. Vermiwash is fertilizer and improves soil fertility and pla vermiwash of municipal solid wastes is full plant nutrient and soluble salt which increas and moisture content 2,3 . Vermiwash is m survival of insects pest, eco-friendly, no expensive and easily pre-parable. The use a potent plant pesticide with vermiwash is the chemical fertilizer and pesticides 4 . al of Biological Sciences ___________________________ 7) tion wash potential against insect pests Sayyad N.R. College, Bhende Tal- Newasa, Dist – Ahmednagar, Maharashtra [email protected] ilable online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me mber 2016, revised 30 th December 2016, accepted 9 th January 20 id obtained from the body of earthworm containing excre g water through column of worm action. It is used as sp ines the effect of vermiwash on the pest infestation (at 2 o plants. Vermiwash caused significant reduction in pest i iwash (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentration of v t was conducted. The vermiwash concentration 20% and lutions against insect pest of tomato. est, Vegetables, Earthworm. e most important of Vegetables. The ll over the world. and C. Vitamin A differentiation, re- y tracts. Vitamin A to regulate bone icipates in ollagen n in turn provides bones and blood f insect pests and number of chemical control of pest of se has created the s, development of alth hazards due to g made for finding me these problems. ough the body of er through natural s an excellent bio- lants’ quality. The of organic matter, se the soil nutrient more toxic against on-hazardous, less and application of best alternative of Materials and methods Experimental plant material: The was used in the present investigat esculentum L) Var. Vaishali, which and around Bhende village Tal Tomato crop were raised in the ex conventional cultural practices. several small plots of 5 X 5 m siz with uniform agricultural practic Vermiwash was screened for insect insect pests. Common pests found on tomato: of tomato plants are Spodoptera e Circulifer tenellus (Leaf hopper), Epitrix nirtipemnis (flea beetles) Helicoveria zea (Fruitworm), (Pinworm), and Autographa califor Method of preparation of vermiw designed as per Ismail with fe preparation of vermiwash select p liters capacity. The base of container is fixed with the layer of medium size (marble si 15 cm at the base. Above the base decomposed organic wastes of 40- dung 20 -25cm thick and soil and c layers of container were moistened 2000 to 2500 earthworms (Eiseni Pour the container with 4-5 L wate _________ ISSN 2278-3202 Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. 44 s of tomato a 414605, India 017 etory products, mucus and pray on tomato plants for 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% infestation of tomato crop. vermiwash) in suppressing d 30% solutions were less e experimental plant material tion is tomato (Lycopersicon h is extensively, cultivated in newasa dist- Ahmednagar. xperimental fields employing The field was marked into ze. Seedlings were provided ces and reared uniformly. ticidal activity against tomato : Some important insect pest exiava (tomato army worm), Agrotis ipsilon (Cut worm), ), Myzus persicae (aphids), Keiferia lycopersicella rnica (loopers). wash: A vermiwash unit was ew modifications 5 . For the plastic container of 15 to 20 a tap. Fill the container with ize) stones up to height of 10- e layer, place a layer of pre- -45 cm, then a layer of cow composting of 10 cm. All the d with water. Introduce about ia fetida) into the container. er daily. The water should be

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Page 1: Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect … · Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect pests of tomato ... Vermiwash, Bio-pesticides, Pest, Vegetables ... alternatives

International Research Journal of

Vol. 6(1), 44-46, January (2017

International Science Community Association

Short Communication

Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect pests of tomato

Department of Zoology, Jijamata College, Bhende Tal

Available online at: Received 23rd November

Abstract

Vermiwash is brownish red coloured liquid obtained from the body of earthworm containing excretory products, mucus and

soil micronutrients collected after passing water through column of worm action. It is used as spray on tomato plants for

controlling insect pests. Our study examines the effect of vermiwash on the pest infestation (at

concentration of vermiwash) on the tomato plants. Vermiwash caused significant reduction in pest infestation of tomato crop.

In order to evaluate the impact of vermiwash (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentration of vermiwash) in suppressing

insect pests of tomato, a field experiment was conducted. The vermiwash concentration 20% and 30% solutions were less

effective as compared to 40% and 50% solutions aga

Keywords: Vermiwash, Bio-pesticides, Pest, Vegetables, Earthworm

Introduction

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) the most important

nutritious plant is considered as the king of Vegetables.

tomato is widely grown vegetable crop all over the world.

Tomatoes are very rich source of vitamin A and C.

plays vital role in cell division and differentiation, re

epithelization of gut, respiratory and urinary tracts. Vitamin A

boosts body’s immune system and helps to regulate bone

growth. Vitamin C, on the other hand participates in ollagen

formation. Collagen, basic structural protein in turn provides

structural integrity to cartilages, muscles, bones and blood

vessels1.

The tomato plant is attacked by number of insect pests and

which reduces its yield and fruits quality. A number of chemical

pesticides are available in market for the control of pest of

vegetables. However their indiscriminate use has created the

problems of air, soil and water pollutions, development of

resistance in target insect pest and serious health hazards due to

the toxicity of their residues. Efforts are being made for finding

alternatives to chemical insectcides to overcome these problems.

Vermiwash, a liquid fertilizer filtered through the body of

earhworms and obtained by passing water through natural

column of earthworm action. Vermiwash is an excellent bio

fertilizer and improves soil fertility and plants’ quality.

vermiwash of municipal solid wastes is full of organic matter,

plant nutrient and soluble salt which increase the soil nutrient

and moisture content2,3

. Vermiwash is more toxic against

survival of insects pest, eco-friendly, non

expensive and easily pre-parable. The use and application of

potent plant pesticide with vermiwash is the best alternative of

chemical fertilizer and pesticides4.

Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________

7)

Association

Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect pests of tomatoSayyad N.R.

Department of Zoology, Jijamata College, Bhende Tal- Newasa, Dist – Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

[email protected]

Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me November 2016, revised 30th December 2016, accepted 9th January 201

Vermiwash is brownish red coloured liquid obtained from the body of earthworm containing excretory products, mucus and

soil micronutrients collected after passing water through column of worm action. It is used as spray on tomato plants for

ect pests. Our study examines the effect of vermiwash on the pest infestation (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%

) on the tomato plants. Vermiwash caused significant reduction in pest infestation of tomato crop.

mpact of vermiwash (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentration of vermiwash) in suppressing

insect pests of tomato, a field experiment was conducted. The vermiwash concentration 20% and 30% solutions were less

effective as compared to 40% and 50% solutions against insect pest of tomato.

pesticides, Pest, Vegetables, Earthworm.

L) the most important

nutritious plant is considered as the king of Vegetables. The

tomato is widely grown vegetable crop all over the world.

Tomatoes are very rich source of vitamin A and C. Vitamin A

plays vital role in cell division and differentiation, re-

epithelization of gut, respiratory and urinary tracts. Vitamin A

’s immune system and helps to regulate bone

on the other hand participates in ollagen

formation. Collagen, basic structural protein in turn provides

structural integrity to cartilages, muscles, bones and blood

t is attacked by number of insect pests and

A number of chemical

pesticides are available in market for the control of pest of

vegetables. However their indiscriminate use has created the

d water pollutions, development of

resistance in target insect pest and serious health hazards due to

the toxicity of their residues. Efforts are being made for finding

alternatives to chemical insectcides to overcome these problems.

filtered through the body of

and obtained by passing water through natural

Vermiwash is an excellent bio-

fertilizer and improves soil fertility and plants’ quality. The

of municipal solid wastes is full of organic matter,

plant nutrient and soluble salt which increase the soil nutrient

. Vermiwash is more toxic against

friendly, non-hazardous, less

parable. The use and application of

potent plant pesticide with vermiwash is the best alternative of

Materials and methods

Experimental plant material: The experimental plant material

was used in the present investigation is tomato (

esculentum L) Var. Vaishali, which is

and around Bhende village Tal newasa dist

Tomato crop were raised in the experimental fields employing

conventional cultural practices. The fie

several small plots of 5 X 5 m size. Seedlings were provided

with uniform agricultural practices and reared uniformly.

Vermiwash was screened for insecticidal activity against tomato

insect pests.

Common pests found on tomato:

of tomato plants are Spodoptera exiava

Circulifer tenellus (Leaf hopper),

Epitrix nirtipemnis (flea beetles),

Helicoveria zea (Fruitworm),

(Pinworm), and Autographa californica

Method of preparation of vermiwash:

designed as per Ismail with few modifications

preparation of vermiwash select plastic container of 15 to 20

liters capacity.

The base of container is fixed with a tap. Fill the container with

the layer of medium size (marble size) stones up to height of 10

15 cm at the base. Above the base layer, place a layer of pre

decomposed organic wastes of 40-

dung 20 -25cm thick and soil and composting of 10 cm. All the

layers of container were moistened with water. Introduce about

2000 to 2500 earthworms (Eisenia fetida

Pour the container with 4-5 L water daily. The water should be

____________ ISSN 2278-3202

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.

44

Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect pests of tomato

Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414605, India

2017

Vermiwash is brownish red coloured liquid obtained from the body of earthworm containing excretory products, mucus and

soil micronutrients collected after passing water through column of worm action. It is used as spray on tomato plants for

20%, 30%, 40% and 50%

) on the tomato plants. Vermiwash caused significant reduction in pest infestation of tomato crop.

mpact of vermiwash (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentration of vermiwash) in suppressing

insect pests of tomato, a field experiment was conducted. The vermiwash concentration 20% and 30% solutions were less

The experimental plant material

stigation is tomato (Lycopersicon

L) Var. Vaishali, which is extensively, cultivated in

and around Bhende village Tal newasa dist- Ahmednagar.

Tomato crop were raised in the experimental fields employing

conventional cultural practices. The field was marked into

several small plots of 5 X 5 m size. Seedlings were provided

with uniform agricultural practices and reared uniformly.

was screened for insecticidal activity against tomato

omato: Some important insect pest

Spodoptera exiava (tomato army worm),

(Leaf hopper), Agrotis ipsilon (Cut worm),

(flea beetles), Myzus persicae (aphids),

(Fruitworm), Keiferia lycopersicella

Autographa californica (loopers).

ermiwash: A vermiwash unit was

designed as per Ismail with few modifications5. For the

preparation of vermiwash select plastic container of 15 to 20

ase of container is fixed with a tap. Fill the container with

the layer of medium size (marble size) stones up to height of 10-

15 cm at the base. Above the base layer, place a layer of pre-

-45 cm, then a layer of cow

25cm thick and soil and composting of 10 cm. All the

layers of container were moistened with water. Introduce about

Eisenia fetida) into the container.

5 L water daily. The water should be

Page 2: Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect … · Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect pests of tomato ... Vermiwash, Bio-pesticides, Pest, Vegetables ... alternatives

International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ________________

Vol. 6(1), 44-46, January (2017)

International Science Community Association

poured slowly. Everyday about 2-3 L of vermiwash can be

collected. The unit was produce good quality vermiwash after

ten days.

Tomato seedlings were planted repeatedly, on large scale, in the

experimental fields, during different seasons, to raise tomato

crop. The experimental field was marked into several small

plots of 5 X 5 m size. Out of these one will be used as a control

plot, where the tomato plants are neither sprayed with

vermiwash nor with any commercial insecticides. The

magnitude of insect pests thriving on these tomato plants, serve

as a reference or control to compare with the magnitude of

insect pests present on other tomato plants after spraying with

vermiwash . The other plots were used as experimental plots

where the tomato plants were sprayed with ver

The intensity of insect pests present on these experimental plots

after two sprays at interval of two days with various

concentration of vermiwash (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%

concentration) was assessed. This would aid us in

effect of vermiwash on controlling different tomato pests. The

experiment was repeated several times and the data was

collected.

Result and discussion

In order to evaluate the impact of vermiwash

40% and 50% concentration) in suppressing insect pest

tomatoes a field experiment was conducted. Results obtained

after the treatment with vermiwash on tomato plants are shown

in Table-1. Vermiwash were found to be very effective and

showed 100% mortality or inactive the various pests of tomato

after spraying for 3 to 4 days. This study indicates that the

vemiwash effectively inhibited the tomato pest. Table

showed the biological evaluation of tomato pest after the

Sciences ________________________________________________

Association

3 L of vermiwash can be

collected. The unit was produce good quality vermiwash after

Tomato seedlings were planted repeatedly, on large scale, in the

experimental fields, during different seasons, to raise tomato

rimental field was marked into several small

plots of 5 X 5 m size. Out of these one will be used as a control

plot, where the tomato plants are neither sprayed with

vermiwash nor with any commercial insecticides. The

these tomato plants, serve

as a reference or control to compare with the magnitude of

insect pests present on other tomato plants after spraying with

vermiwash . The other plots were used as experimental plots

where the tomato plants were sprayed with vermiwash.

The intensity of insect pests present on these experimental plots

after two sprays at interval of two days with various

concentration of vermiwash (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%

concentration) was assessed. This would aid us in checking the

vermiwash on controlling different tomato pests. The

experiment was repeated several times and the data was

In order to evaluate the impact of vermiwash (at 20%, 30%,

40% and 50% concentration) in suppressing insect pest of

tomatoes a field experiment was conducted. Results obtained

fter the treatment with vermiwash on tomato plants are shown

were found to be very effective and

showed 100% mortality or inactive the various pests of tomato

after spraying for 3 to 4 days. This study indicates that the

vemiwash effectively inhibited the tomato pest. Table-1:

ato pest after the

treatment of various concentrations with vermiwash. In order to

evaluate the impact of vermiwash (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%

concentration of vermiwash) in suppressing insect pests of

tomato, a field experiment was conducted. The vermiwash

concentration 20% and 40% solutions were less effective as

compared to 40%and 50% solutions.

Vermiwash is brownish-red liquid organic fertilizer that comes

from the body of earthworm. It is rich in amino acids, enzymes,

vitamins, and other micronutrients. The presence of nitrogen

fixing and phosphate solubilising bacteria. Vermiwash acts as

growth promoter and pesticide6,7

. The vermiwash significantly

reduces arthropods pests in tomato. Spray of vermiwash is

effective against pests and diseases

reduced the use of chemical pesticides and insecticides on

vegetable crops9,10

.

Conclusion

The proposed investigation was of help in finding out alternate

ways of controlling pests. From the above, it can be concluded

that the pest attacking in tomato plants can be suppressed by

vermiwash. The plots sprayed with 40% and 50% concentration

of vermiwash showed significant decrease of pest population.

The plots spray with 20% and 30% concentration proved

moderately effective against the pest of tomato. This has also

helped in bio-controlling of pests without harming the

environment. This was of help

environment friendly and effective Bio

locally produced even by the end users (farmers). These bio

pesticides are less harmful than conventional pesticides. They

are cheap and effective in controlling ag

indicate that vermiwash have great potential as an alternative

strategy to pesticides for vegetable pests.

Figure-1: Earthworm- Eisenia fetida.

_____________ISSN 2278-3202

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.

45

treatment of various concentrations with vermiwash. In order to

evaluate the impact of vermiwash (at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%

concentration of vermiwash) in suppressing insect pests of

tomato, a field experiment was conducted. The vermiwash

concentration 20% and 40% solutions were less effective as

compared to 40%and 50% solutions.

red liquid organic fertilizer that comes

from the body of earthworm. It is rich in amino acids, enzymes,

s. The presence of nitrogen-

fixing and phosphate solubilising bacteria. Vermiwash acts as

. The vermiwash significantly

reduces arthropods pests in tomato. Spray of vermiwash is

effective against pests and diseases8. Also, it significantly

reduced the use of chemical pesticides and insecticides on

The proposed investigation was of help in finding out alternate

ways of controlling pests. From the above, it can be concluded

that the pest attacking in tomato plants can be suppressed by

vermiwash. The plots sprayed with 40% and 50% concentration

iwash showed significant decrease of pest population.

The plots spray with 20% and 30% concentration proved

moderately effective against the pest of tomato. This has also

controlling of pests without harming the

in production of low cost,

environment friendly and effective Bio-pesticides which can be

locally produced even by the end users (farmers). These bio-

pesticides are less harmful than conventional pesticides. They

are cheap and effective in controlling agricultural pests and

indicate that vermiwash have great potential as an alternative

strategy to pesticides for vegetable pests.

Page 3: Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect … · Utilization of vermiwash potential against insect pests of tomato ... Vermiwash, Bio-pesticides, Pest, Vegetables ... alternatives

International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ________________________________________________ISSN 2278-3202

Vol. 6(1), 44-46, January (2017) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.

International Science Community Association 46

Figure-2: Field View of Tomato Plants.

Table–1: Evaluation of Tomato Pest after the Treatment of various concentration of vermiwash

Tomato Pests Spodoptera

exiava

Circulifer

tenellus

Agrotis

ipsilon

Epitrix

nirtipemnis

Myzus

persicae

Helicoveria

zea

Keiferia

lycopersicella

Autographa

californica Vermiwash

20% Aq. Soln. + LA - - + LA + +

30% Aq. Soln. + + LA + LA + + LA

40% Aq. Soln. M M LA LA M IA M M

50% Aq. Soln. M M IA IA M IA IA IA

M- Mortality, LA- Less active, IA-Inactive, + Sign - Positive effect (dose and hours depended manner), - Sign - Non effect.

References

1. Olaniyi O, Akanbi W, Adejumo T and Akande O.G.

(2010). Growth, fruit yield and nutritional quality of tomato

varieties. African Journal of Food Science, 4(6), 398-402

2. Hahn G. (2011). Chitin Rich Vermicompost Repels Pests &

Suppress Plant Diseases. California Vermiculture LLC.

Retrieved from http://www.wormgold.com.

3. Hahn G. (2011). Effect of Vermicompost Tea on Pecan

Nuts. California Vermiculture LLC. Retrieved from,

http://www.wormgold.com.

4. George S., Giraddi R.S. and Patil R.H. (2010). Utility of

Vermiwash for the Management of Thrips and Mites on

Chilli (Capiscum annum) Amended with Soil Organics.

Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 20(3), 657-659.

5. Ismail S.A. (1997). Vermicology: The biology of

earthworms. Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 92.

6. Buckerfield J.C., Flavel T.C., Lee K.E. and Webster K.A.

(1999). Vermicompost in solid and liquid forms as a plant

growth promoter. Pedobiologia, 43, 753-759.

7. Anonymous (2001). Vermicompost as an insect repellent.

Biocycle, 01, 19.

8. SSVSSS RECYCLING (2004). Vermicompost suppress

plant pests and disease attacks. In Rednova News,

http://www.rednova.com/

9. Suhane R.K., Sinha R.K. and Singh P.K. (2008).

Vermicompost, cattle-dung compost and chemical

fertilizers: Impacts on yield of wheat crops.

Communication of Rajendra Agriculture University, Pusa,

Bihar, India.

10. Sinha R.K., Herat S., Valani D. and Chauhan K. (2009).

Vermiculture and sustainable agriculture. American-

Eurasian. J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 1818(5), 1-55.