Utilization of wild species and cultivated landrace for enhancing productivity and other

attributes of staple food crops

Utilization of wild species and landracesDrivers of utilization of wild species and landraces

Breeding objectives

Changing productivity and architecture of a crop

Production constraints encountered

End use quality attributes

Lack of sufficient genetic variation in existing adapted germplasm to breed for a particular trait

Research emphasis

Enhancing nutritional and end-use quality

Increasing resistance to insects, diseases and parasitic plants

Improving tolerance to drought and other desirable traits

1.1. Enhancing nutritional quality

2006/2007

Progeny Protein content

(%) 06/2335-1 28 06/1847-9 25 06/1691-1 23 06/2088-3 21 06/2086-2 20 06/2327-35 20 06/2249-4 20 06/2098-3 19 06/2290-3 19 06/2293-12 18 Minimum 3 N 194 Mean 10 se 0.3 Min 2.7

Highlights of achievementsCassava True seeds of wild Manihot species,

M. tristis and M. flavellifolia, with

high protein content received from

CIAT

Crossed to locally adapted

germplasm for three generations

and storage roots obtained from

several progenies were analyzed for

protein content

Top ten cassava progenies selected in 2006/2007 for high protein content

determined on a dry weight basis

1.2. Enhancing nutritional quality

Highlights of achievementsCassava A total of 663 landraces including

checks were screened for iron (Fe)

and zinc (Zn) concentration in

2007

Fe

0

100

200

300

400

2.9-5.9 6.0-8.99.0-11.9 12-14.9 15-26.8

Fe concentration (mg/kg)

No.

of

gen

otyp

es

Zn

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

4.5-5.9 6.0-8.99.0-11.9 12-14.9 15-22.5

Zn concentration (mg/kg)

No.

of g

enot

ypes

Baseline

Baseline

1.3. Enhancing nutritional quality and productivityHighlights of achievementsYam Inter-specific crosses have been made to incorporate genes from D.

cayenensis to D. rotundata

Increase pro-vitamin A content

Increase leaf area duration to allow multiple harvests in D. rotundata

Female Male Pollinated

flowers Fruit Set Seed Set Number No. % No. % D. rotundata D. rotundata 2491 965 38.7 3313 22.2 D. rotundata D. cayenensis 1581 154 9.7 9 0.1 D. rotundata D. alata 1663 6 0.4 9 0.1

1.3. Enhancing nutritional quality and productivityHighlights of achievementsYam● Examination of progenies generated from inter-specific crosses using an

isozyme marker confirmed true hybrids

-c-

+

-

++

-

TDr 95/18544 TDc 98-136F1

b

F1TDr 95/19158 TDc 98-136

a

TDr 89/02475 TDc 98-136

+

d

F1

TDr 85/18555 TDc 95-165F1

C

2.1 Increased resistance to insects (flower thrips)

Highlights of achievementsCowpeas Two cowpea RI lines derived from

two crosses Thrips tolerant landrace from

Ghana and a susceptible line from IITA

Another thrips tolerant landrace and a susceptible line from IITA

The RI lines were evaluated in the field under high population pressure of flower bud thrips

Tolerant

Susceptible

2.1 Increased resistance to insects (flower thrips)

Figures. Relationship between thrips damage scores and number of pods per plant among a set of RILs (THA) from the cross Sanzi x VITA 7

THA

y = -0.0578x + 6.7385R2 = 0.642

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0 10 20 30 40 50

No of pods

Thrip

s sc

ore

THB

y = -0.0595x + 6.8278R2 = 0.7323

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0 10 20 30 40

No of pods

Th

rip

s sc

ore

Development of mapping populations

Musa acuminata (Calcutta 4) selfed

2.2 Increased resistance to diseases (Sigatoka and nematodes)

Highlights of achievementsBanana and Plantain Wild musa species used as sources of genes

for Resistance to disease

(Sigatoka/Nematodes)

Reduced plant height

Parthenocarpy

Earliness

Suckering behavior/Apical dominance

In landraces with preferred end-use quality traits

Identification of bananas based on finger size, color, shape and number

2.2. Enhancing resistance to Striga hermonthica through introgression of genes from wild species

Highlights of achievementsMaize We received 3 wild accessions from

CIMMYT and evaluated them in pots

The wild accessions supported fewer

emerged Striga plants than a

susceptible check

These wild accessions were crossed to

different maize inbred lines to transfer

desirable genes for resistance to Striga

Performance of extra-early varieties derived from local and exotic germplasm under Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions at 5 locations in 2006 and at 3

locations in 2007 in WCA

2.2. Enhancing resistance to Striga hermonthica through introgression of genes from landraces

Variety

Grain yield,

Plant height

Striga damage rating

Striga emergence

count

Infested Non-

infested Infested

10WAP 10WAP

Kg ha-1 cm (1-9) (1-9) TZEE-W Pop x LD (set A2) 1990 2479 141 3.9 84 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 1943 2815 140 4.7 102 99 TZEE-Y STR 1599 2248 123 5.3 96 TZEE-W SR BC5 (REFC) 1260 1797 117 5.8 111 Grand mean 1624 2402 135 4.7 106 LSD (0.05) 258 335 7 0.5 33

Performance of early varieties derived from local and exotic germplasm under Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions at Abuja, Mokwa and Angaredebou in 2006 and 2007

2.2. Enhancing resistance to Striga hermonthica through introgression of genes from landraces

Variety

Grain yield

Plant height

Striga damage rating

Striga emergence

count

Infested Non-

infested Infested

10WAP

10 WAP Kg ha-1 cm (1-9) (1-9) 2004 TZE-W Pop DT STR C4 2084 3038 136 3.8 111 TZE-Y Pop DT STR C4 1921 3025 138 4.0 94 TZE-W Pop DT STR C4 1842 3171 132 4.0 142 2004 TZE-Y Pop DT STR C4 1838 3126 141 3.8 93 TZE COMP 4 (SUSC) 1073 2671 121 5.6 115 Grand mean 1606 2686 130 4.3 103 LSD (0.05) 343 421 8 0.5 29

3. Enhancing drought tolerance in cowpea

Highlights of achievementsCowpeas 1000 landrace accessions of

cowpea were evaluated for drought

tolerance during the 2007/08 dry

season by suspending irrigation five

weeks after planting

A few lines have been selected for

further evaluation under drought

and eventual use as parents in

crosses to develop drought tolerant

varieties

SusceptibleTolerant

3. Enhancing drought tolerance by incorporating drought tolerance alleles from landraces

Highlights of achievementsMaize

Days to anthesis

Leaf death score

Ears per plant

Anthesis -silking interval

Yield (kg/ha)

under Populations

(day)

(1-10)

(No.)

(days)

non-stress

Drought stress

ACR91SUWAN1-SR*2/DIASSAGA-1 55 5.8 1.0 1.5 5546 1832 ACR91SUWAN1-SR*2/SAMOROGOUAN-5 55 4.3 0.8 2.5 5074 1759 ACR91SUWAN1-SR*2/BONDOKUY-1 55 5.5 0.8 1.8 5582 1389 ACR91SUWAN1-SR 58 5.8 0.6 4.5 6710 698 Oba Super II 58 6.0 0.7 4.8 6701 1099 Oba Super I 58 6.5 0.7 5.3 6302 1016 Mean 57 5.6 0.7 4.0 5798 1190 S.E. 1.4 0.69 0.14 1.5 569 374 CV 2 15 15 44 13 31 Populations *** * *** ** * **

Performance of OP varieties derived from backcrosses involving landraces as non-recurrent parents tested at Ikenne under sufficient water supply and controlled drought stress in 2007

Summery Wild species and landraces have been used for creation and supplying

of new genetic materials to the NARS partners

Such new genetic materials can contribute to sustained improvement of

Yield potential

Resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Nutritional quality