utilizing technology to promote active learning in a large enrollment course ann c. smith cell...
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Utilizing Technology to Promote Active Learning in a
Large Enrollment Course
Ann C. SmithCell Biology and Molecular
Genetics
General Microbiology
• Large lecture course (250/lecture)
• With associated lab (500 students in Fall)
• Sophomore level
• Pre-requisite General Biology
• University CORE program– Active learning– Writing– Process of science
Transition to Active Learning
http://www.cellbioed.org/article.cfm?ArticleID=150
Lecture
Lab
Peer Led Team Learning
Just in Time Teaching
Think Pair Share
Inquiry labs
Problem based learning
Solve problems
Address complex issues
Research
Discuss
Present
Receive Feedback
Proven methods of active learning
Case studies
Scientific Research Process
Active learning in the large lecture
Challenges• Distribution/Organization of information• Communication • Time and place for discussion, presentation• Feedback opportunities• Group work
Solution: Adding a Teaching Team
Faculty instructors (3)
Graduate teaching assistants (12)
Undergraduate Teaching assistants (24)
Undergraduate Technology Apprentices (2)
UTAP program!
http://www.courses.umd.edu/public/UTAP/
Solution: Add Technology
• WebCT
• Technology class room
• Teaching theater
• Digital image capture
• Clickers
• Distribution/organization• Communication
– Between teaching team– Teaching team and students– Among students
• Time and place -A New Learning Space – Opportunities for student engagement– Opportunities for individual – Opportunities for group work– Opportunities for presentation
• Research Opportunities• Assessment/Feedback
WebCT SyllabusPower PointLab ManualAssignmentsCase Studies
Open DiscussionPrivate Spaces for UTA’sfor Lab sectionsfor group discussions
DiscussionsStudent Project SpaceVirtual Poster Session
Link outLibrary Course PageLibrary ResearchGenomic data bases
Lab QuizzesLab ExamsCase ProblemsSurveysGrades
The tradition course is transformed to anActive Learning Course Format
Lecture
Lab
On-line
Active Learning
Research Skills
The ALCF allowed a shift in course emphasis to active learning. Case studies are the pedagogical link
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Lectures Labs Case study Assignment
ELVIS space probeMicrobes from another planet?
ELVIS Sample AnalysisTeams perform Lab work, present data in online poster session
A Farmer’s DilemmaPlant transgenic corn?
Wanda’s WoesStreptococcal infections
3 Major Issues ~transgenic cornOn-line discussion and group report
Food-borne disease outbreakLab analysis and oral presentation
1-11
12-20
21-28
1-7
8-12
13-14
PAKs
1.11.21.31.4
2.12.22.3
3.13.23.3
Content: Microbial structure/function, metabolism, diversity, ecology
Content: Bacterial Genetics, Viruses, Biotechnology
Content: Host-Pathogen interactions, Epidemiology, Immunology, Applications
Examples of use of Technology
1. JITT with Case Studies
2. On-line Poster Session
3. On-line discussion
4. Lab Review Quizzes and Lab Practical
Case presented in WebCT
PAK Questions in WebCT Quiz
Instructor assesses student responses in WebCT
Lecture discussion/ppt addresses student responses
Students discuss, self correct responses in lecture
Clicker Questions for feedback, and assessment of final points.
JITT
Case-PAK mode
Case problems delivered in WebCT are used to assess students/ guide learning.
1. CASE STUDIES delivered in WebCt
Instructor views responses for mis-conceptions/understanding
Example: Module 1
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Lectures Labs Case study Assignment
ELVIS space probeMicrobes from another planet?
ELVIS Sample AnalysisTeams perform Lab work, present data in online poster session
A Farmer’s DilemmaPlant transgenic corn?
Wanda’s WoesStreptococcal infections
3 Major Issues ~transgenic cornOn-line discussion and group report
Food-borne disease outbreakLab analysis and oral presentation
1-11
12-20
21-28
1-7
8-12
13-14
PAKs
1.11.21.31.4
2.12.22.3
3.13.23.3
Content: Microbial structure/function, metabolism, diversity, ecology
Content: Bacterial Genetics, Viruses, Biotechnology
Content: Host-Pathogen interactions, Epidemiology, Immunology, Applications
Hypothesis: The degradation of polyurethane products was caused by a microorganism or microorganisms present in the soil samples collected by ELVIS.
?
Extraterrestrial Landing Vehicle Integrated Sampler
Case 1 discusses what happened to the Space Probe ELVIS
Each Student completes
7 Sets of 3 PAK questions
Instructor reads student responses to prepare for lecture, Students receive points –for “Participation Applied Knowledge”
Student Responses – Students are expected to cite sources – such as “from lecture”, “from Lab”, “from the text”, “from Fresh Bio”, or cite a url.
Just in Time Teaching
• After reviewing PAK responses instructor addresses misconceptions in lecture
• Use Think-Pair-Share
• Or Clicker questions
Based upon your knowledge of earthly bacteria, How many
types of bacteria can be seen in the soil?
1 μm
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. None
Example of a Clicker question for Case 1
“I liked how they put the information we learned in class to use”
“I liked how the case studies went along with the lecture and how each case study showed us how microbiology is used in the real world.”
“There were vivid, useful in our everyday life, and very helpful to make us think critically about material we learned in the class.”
“They related with the material and the information helped on the exams”
“They helped me to understand the material of the course better”
“I liked the fact that they allowed us to be more interactive in the class and work with other students in the class.”
Data From Fall 2004.
Overall students had positive feedback on the use of case studies.
Student Feedback on Case studies
2. On-line Poster Session
Assignment 1
Students work in teams of 3“Samples from Nearby Previously
Invisible Planet contain extraterrestrial bacteria”
Lab work from five labs periods.
Scientific Research Process
•Address complex issues
•Solve problems
•Research
•Discuss
•Present
•Receive feedback
Students use Netscape Composer and Student project spaces in WebCT for the poster session
Prior to taking BSCI 223 had you ever made a webpage before?
26
72
0 20 40 60 80
Yes
No
In spring 2006 students were surveyed during lecture using clicker technology. Of the 98 students responding, 73.5% had never made a webpage prior to taking this class.
Number of Students Responding
3. On-line Discussion
Assignment 2
“Should organic farmers with corn borer problem plant Bt corn?”
Scientific Research Process
•Address comples issues
•Solve problems
•Research
•Discuss
•Present
•Receive feedback
Issue #1
Issue #2Issue #3
Guitan
Patric
Maurice
Caleb
Garth
Tyler
Alec
Nico
Zoe
You
Pasteur
Koch
Bob
Tim
Julian
Bernie
Ethel
Barry
Six report writing groups
Issue 1: Is Bt corn Safe for consumption?
Issue 2: Does Bt corn effect the environment?
Issue 3: Is there a market for Bt corn?
Three discussion groups each w/ an issue:
Jigsaw
On-line Discussion
• Physical space• Time• Record of work• Allows thoughtful responses• Review/assess online resources• Instructor can observe unobtrusively• ManageableSmall groups of 6 facilitated by a UTA
PLTL
Student Comments on On-line Discussion:
“We could interact with other students.”
“I think the most positive experience was how I was able to cross discuss ideas and get back together with my lab group for the final assembly and how at the end all the discussions were made available.”
“You saw everyone's opinions and research.”
“quickest way to communicate with all”
“all of the information being put in one spot, rather than trying to track people and papers down”
“productive discussion since all people did research before hand and had knowledge on topic”
4. Lab Review Quizzes and Lab Practical
• Review Quizzes– Limited time in lab– Lots of material to cover– Feedback
• Lab Practical– Style of Review Quizzes– Easier to set up– Less stressful– Easy to grade!
Student comments- On line exams
• “Very helpful”
• “Keep them online”
• “Great way to study”
• “Very useful and easy to access”
• “I like the quizzes and the lab exams because of the pictures and different types of questions.”
Average Grade increased 72% to 82%
“I could pay attention more in class and not worry so much about writing” “printing our own lecture notes and lab manual allowed us to save money”
10Other: Visual Aids, Lecture ppt
“The practice quizzes were really helpful before the lab practical, because WebCTgraded the quizzes immediately so we could study the correct material”
103Review lab work w/ review quizzes
It was convenient way to contact TA’s” “..Responses from course instructors were very prompt” “ Iliked how the web was used for the interactive discussion with my peers”
144Communicate w/ students and teaching team
“I liked the quick time it took to submit answers from home.” “..Better than turning in home work on a sheet of paper.” “ I liked being able to save answers and come back later to the task”
151Submit answers to case study problems
“..I could access this wonderful resource 24/7”.” I liked how we are able to check our grades online so we know our progress. Also I like how assignment directions were on line so it was easily accessible by all”
241Easy access to course materials
Examples of Student Responses#TABLE 1What did you like re WebCT
“I could pay attention more in class and not worry so much about writing” “printing our own lecture notes and lab manual allowed us to save money”
10Other: Visual Aids, Lecture ppt
“The practice quizzes were really helpful before the lab practical, because WebCTgraded the quizzes immediately so we could study the correct material”
103Review lab work w/ review quizzes
It was convenient way to contact TA’s” “..Responses from course instructors were very prompt” “ Iliked how the web was used for the interactive discussion with my peers”
144Communicate w/ students and teaching team
“I liked the quick time it took to submit answers from home.” “..Better than turning in home work on a sheet of paper.” “ I liked being able to save answers and come back later to the task”
151Submit answers to case study problems
“..I could access this wonderful resource 24/7”.” I liked how we are able to check our grades online so we know our progress. Also I like how assignment directions were on line so it was easily accessible by all”
241Easy access to course materials
Examples of Student Responses#TABLE 1What did you like re WebCT
Active Learning w/ use of Technology
1. JITT with Case Studies• Each student posts 9 sets of 3 responses
2. On-line Poster Session• Each group of 3 presents a poster
3. On-line discussion• Each student posts at least 5 times
4. Lab Review Quizzes and Lab Practical• 14 lab review quizzes • 2 online exams
Technology has changed the way we teach!
Our teaching team: CBMG faculty: Richard Stewart, Patricia Shields, Ann C. Smith, Daniel C. Stein, Robert
Yuan
Consultants from Science Education:Jennifer Hayes-Klosteridis, Gili Marbach-Ad Paulette Robinson,
• Contact: Ann C. Smith [email protected] • Work has been Supported by Howard Hughes Medical Institute
• Special thanks to all of the people in OIT– Ellen Borkowski– Paulette Robinson– Deb Mateik and Mike Landavere– Chris Higgins– Sharon Roushdy– Mike Cains– Jason White– UTAP students: Anne Tsang, Karen Lew, Allyson Morman, Maria Panglao, Fasika Woreta,
Kathy Shahrokh, and Sonia Sharma, Alex White, Aileen Pan– CBMG IT support: Jimmy Church and Raju Shah
ReferencesActive Learning Course Format for Large Enrollment Courses Smith, A.C., Stewart, R., Shields, P., Hayes-Klosteridis, J., Robinson, P., and Yuan, R. (2005). Introductory biology courses: a framework to support active
learning in large enrollment introductory science courses. Cell Biol. Educ. 4, 143–156. http://www.cellbioed.org/article.cfm?ArticleID=150
Call for Active Learning in Science TeachingNational Research Council (2003). Bio2010: Transforming Undergraduate Education for Future Research Biologists. Committee on Undergraduate Biology
Education to Prepare Research Scientists for the 21st Century. National Academies Press, Washington, DC. (http://www.nap.edu/books/0309085357/html) Use of Technology in course designHarasim, L. Ed. (1990). On-line education: Perspectives on a new medium, Praeger/Greenwood, New York. Active Learning Course Format for Large Enrollment Courses Smith, A.C., Stewart, R., Shields, P., Hayes-Klosteridis, J., Robinson, P., and Yuan, R. (2005). Introductory biology courses: a framework to support active
learning in large enrollment introductory science courses. Cell Biol. Educ. 4, 143–156. Peer Led Team LearningThe Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL). (2004). Workshop Project. http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~chemwksp/ (accessed 28 July 2004). Just in Time Teaching
Marrs, K.A., and Novak, G. (2004). Just-in-time teaching in biology: creating an active learner classroom using the Internet. Cell Biol. Educ. 3, 49–61.6 Tanner, K, Liesl, S.,
Think-Pair-Share and Jigsaw Chatman, L.S., and Allen D. E. (2003). Approaches to cell biology teaching: cooperative learning in the science classroom—beyond students working in groups.
Cell Biology Education 2: 1–5. Inquiry Labs Wood, W.B. (2003). Inquiry-based undergraduate teaching in the life sciences at large research universities: a perspective on the Boyer Commission Report. J.
Cell Biol. Ed. 2, 112–116. http://www.cellbioed.org/articles/vol2no2/article.cfm?articleID=57 (accessed 28 July 2004). Case StudiesHerreid, C.F. (1994). Case studies in science: a novel method for science education. J. Coll. Sci. Teach. 23(4), 221–229. Also available online at http://ublib
.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/teaching/novel.html (accessed 28 July 2004). Problem Based Learning Allen, D.E. (1996). Bringing problem-based learning to the introductory biology classroom. In: Student-Active Science: Models of Innovation in College Science
Teaching, ed. A.P. McNeal and C. D'Avanzo. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing, 259–278.•
Technology Resources:
Course Management System
WebCT Campus Edition http://www.webct.com/
Clickers
Infrared Personal Response System. Turning Technologies http://www.turningtechnologies.com/
Microscope and cameraOlympus CX41
Digital CameraPixie Link High Resolution Digital Firewire Camera
Sumsung SS-5500DX Video Presenter
Software
SCION Visi Capture
Thumbs Up Digital Image Management System
WebPage composer: Netscape 6.2 or 7.1