utilizing the process of the hydro-thermal carbonization ... · utilizing the process of the...

Utilizing the process of the Hydro-Thermal Carbonization for converting biological waste and residues into carbon material

Overview

1. Introduction

2. Engineering Concept

3. Pilot and commercial systems3. Pilot and commercial systems

4. Products

5. A lot of questions

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Overview

1. Introduction



4. Products


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1. Einführung

SmartCarbon AG

Founded as a spin-off from the non-profit research initiative THINKenergy, the purpose of SmartCarbon AG is to implement the process technique of the hydro-thermal carbonization into a

Who we are

the process technique of the hydro-thermal carbonization into a real-life product.

We focus on wet biomass waste, clearing sludge, manure, etc. (NOT food feedstock)

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Who we are

Source: TESA Magazine 2005

Who we are

7Source: GEA 01.08.2009

1. Inroduction

The natural Cycles are not closed which results in

1. Problems regarding the sustainability

� fuels� nutrients/minerals for the agriculture� carbon cycle (precious soil/humic substance)

Present Situation...

carbon cycle (precious soil/humic substance)

2. Contaminants� CO2-emissions � contaminated materials

Waste disposal problems

1. costs2. Unsolved problems

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A desert – far away?


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Ostteil des Naturschutzgebiets Lieberose in Brandenb urg


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Background

Hydro-Thermal Carbonization (HTC) is a process technology to convert different sorts of biomass in aqueous solution into different sorts of bio-coal, a process which is a exothermal in nature.

All sorts of biological waste and residual materials can be used for example waste materials from the vegetable oil production, output waste from biogas plants, horse manure and horse straw as well as clarifying sludge and biological household waste.

Reaction products are different forms of bio-coal, a broad variety from topsoil, over Reaction products are different forms of bio-coal, a broad variety from topsoil, over brown coal to hard coal as well as organic nutrients and humins in aqueous solution.

The process can also be used to re-use complicate waste like clarifying sludge to get back biological nutrients on the one hand and biofuel on the orther hand to save energy costs in an environmental friendly way.

Again the process can be used as a high effcient and economical way to store carbon dioxide in the form of bio-coal, which can be used as a long term fertilizer.

Comparison of HTC to other biomass conversion Techniques

During the hydrothermal carbonization, carbohydrates are being separated into carbon and water, thus releasing a minimum of CO2 or methane.

From: „Max-Planck-Forschung Okt. 02/2006", Markus Antonietti

From: „Max-Planck-Forschung Okt. 02/2006", Markus Antonietti

Reaction pathways of the process chemistry

17From: "Hydrothermale Verfahren (HTC, VTC) in der energetischen Verwertungskette", 19.09.12, Dr.Axel Funke, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik, Potsdam-Bornim

Overview

1. Introduction



4. Products


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Engineering Concept – rugged and simple

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2. Anlagenkonzept

Warum Batch-Betrieb?

� drucklose Zu- und Abführung von Biomasse, damit einfachere und vielseitigere Fördertechnik

� "Allesfresser" für variable Eingangsstoffe

Anlagenkonzept – robust und einfach

� "Allesfresser" für variable Eingangsstoffewie Schamm, Halmgut, Stückgut

� Flexibilität bei der Wartung, kein Totalausfall

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2. Anlagenkonzept

Warum Dampf?

� hoher Energieübertrag

� keine Abhängigkeit vom Oberflächen/Volumen-Verhältnis


� flexible Regelung von Druck und Temperatur in der Anlage

� Zwischenspeicherung der Energie im Dampfspeicher

� Ziel: energieautarke Anlage auf kleiner Skala möglich

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2. Anlagenkonzept

� Kapazitäts-Anpassung der Anlagentechnik an Bedarf möglich (Modulbauweise der Reaktoren)

� Flexible Anpassungsfähigkeitder Prozessführung an die zu erzielenden Endprodukte


der Prozessführung an die zu erzielenden Endprodukte möglich („Torf-Ersatz“/Biobrennstoff)

� Standardkomponenten für PeripherietechnikWeiterverwendung vorhandener Vorverarbeitungstechnologie

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Overview

1. Introduction



4. Products


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Case study: Usage of biological waste materials as valuable biofuels

Deploying the pilot plant on site for demonstration of the process up-scaling

Conversion of horse manure into biocoal (to be used as soil conditioner or biofuel)

Biomass waste

Conversion in a multi-reactor-production site

Bio-Coal for usage as fuel or chemical raw material

The potential of the deployment of the biomass conversion technology is vast due to the huge global amount of biomass

Example of a multiple batch system configuration

Industrial-scale Pilot plant, commissioned in 2012

Organic waste in heterous quality is being processed

Typical sample of biomass waste

The Carbon product

Typical sample of HTC carbon material

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The Carbon product


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The Carbon product, compressed coal plates


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The Carbon product, pulverized coal


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Kohle-Proben-Analysen, Österreich. Forschungsinstitut (ofi), Wien

Analysis of carbon samples

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Es sind hohe Kohlenstoffgehalte erzielbar bei gleichzeitig geringen Gehalten an Aschebildenen Stoffen. 38

Process water samples, results of the lab tests, Ergo Umweltinstitut, Dresden

Analysis report of the process water samples

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Vollständige Analysen werden separat ausgehändigt

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Vollständige Analysen werden separat ausgehändigt

41Die Parameter sind einstellbar hinsichtlich eines brennstofflichen oder einer bodenverbessernden Einsatzes

The diagramm of the carbonization grade

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The carbon product has a high quality.

Diagramm based on van-Krevelen

• The biomass waste treatment plant Böblingen/Leonberg– Location of the pilot plant in the former compost factory

Biomass waste treatment plant

• The HTC pilot plant is integrated in the waste treatment facility


Overview

1. Introduction



4. Products


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Production of Bio-Coal Pellets- the Bio-Coal is being pelletized with standard machines

Nutzung des HTC-FeststoffsVersuchsdurchführung rein oder mit Kultursubstrat gemischt (50:50 , 25:75 HTC:Kultursubstrat)

Anbauversuche – Biokohle als Substrat

Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft, Dresden49

Fresh Biomass on different substrates

Topf-Versuche: Langzeitstabilität oder schneller bio log. Abbau

� diese Eigenschaften sind beeinflussbar (Erdenhersteller wollen Produkte mit 2 Jahren Haltbarkeit)


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Versuche mit Kurzumtriebspflanzen


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Hochschule für Nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde


Versuche mit Kurzumtriebspflanzen

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Hochschule für Nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde

Versuche mit der Prozesswasser

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Overview

1. Introduction



4. Products


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Statements

• HTC products ("hydrochar") are susceptible to fungal infestations

• This is due to a connection between the nutrient content, especially C and N

• HTC carbon products are in a pure state in general not suited as a

Experiences

• HTC carbon products are in a pure state in general not suited as a substrate but diluted/mixed with other substrates they may have positive effects

• fresh Hydrochars can emit side products - HTC-specific smells, - black condensate (small particles)

• a polymerizing sheet/coverage

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Statements

• Thus, the applicability as a plant substrate is strongly depending on the plateau-temperature, the plateau reaction time span, the process management and the biomass material (educt material)

•The process water and the carbon can potentially be utilized as a

Experiences

•The process water and the carbon can potentially be utilized as a nutrient source, but in general only in diluation.

• Depending on the biomass feedstock potential contaminants such as heavy metals need to observed carefully.

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More questions?

[email protected]

A lot more questions....

Thank you for your attention!

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