AD-AOBI 386 BON CORP MONTEREY CA F/6 17/2THE MAT IONAL TRAINING CENTER PLANNING SUPPORT. (L)OCT 79 DAAK0-7-C-0195

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Technical Report ND M - 4-79

Contract NA 40 78-C-495

"The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are thoseof the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Departmentof the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by otherofficial documentation."

EECUTIVE.SUMMARY-

WOF

TJHEJNATIONAL JRAINING CENTER.

PLANNING UPPORT

Submitted to: The TRADOC Systems Manager for NTC, U.S. Army Trainingand Doctrine Command, Fort Monroe, Virginia.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF FIGURES iv

I OVERVIEW 1

0 NTC Planning Support - Task Summary 2

0 SYSTEMS INTEGRATION SUPPORT 5

* NTC Phase I Development Options - Summary 6

9 Principal NTC System Components 8

9 Design and Systems Integration for Phase I 10

I Representative NTC Phase I Computer Configuration 14

1 Command Post Exercises/Notional Battalions 18

1 Training Analysis and Feedback Requirements 20

I Field Data Collection - Electronic Clipboard 22

I MANAGEMENT CONCEPT 25

I NTC Management Staff 26

I Field Instrumentation Maintenance 28

* OPPORTUNITIES TO BE DERIVED FROM NTC 1A 31

* Summary NTIs C:.i 32DL*C TABLT i. .- '" nn oi': c

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Number Title Page

1 Summary of NTC Planning Support Tasks 3

2 Comparison of NTC Options 7

3 Principal Components to be Developed and 9Integrated to Establish NTC System

4 NTC System Concept - Phase I 11/12

5 Representative NTC Phase I Detailed 15/16Computer System

6 A Combination of Live and Notional 19Components Will Be Exercised

7 BN Functions for Training Analysis and 21Feedback

8 ECB Data Collection and Processing System 23

9 NTC Management Staff 27

10 Field Instrumentation Maintenance Support 29/30Organization

11 Opportunities to be Derived from NTC IA 33

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OVERVIEW

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Overview

NTC PLANNING SUPPORT - TASK SUMMARY

I This Executive Summary Report presents the results of selectedtasks of the Phase I Planning Support.

The tasks performed are shown in Figure 1. This summary presents the re-sults of Subtasks 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 of Task 1.

Task 2 was performed for and reported to the Defense Advanced Research Proj-ects Agency (DARPA). Subtasks 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 were performed for the NTCTSM.

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TASK SUMMARY

TASK 1 - PHASE I PLANNING SUPPORT

SUBTASK 1.1 DEVELOP TRAINING AND TRAINING

DEVELOPMENTS CONCEPTS - PERFORMED

AND REPORTED TO CATRADA

SUBTASK 1.2 PROVIDE SYSTEMS INTEGRATION SUPPORT

SUBTASK 1.3 DEVELOP A MANAGEMENT CONCEPT

SUBTASK 1,4 INVESTIGATION OF PHASE I OPPORTUNITIES

To BE DERIVED FROM NTC 1A TEST

TASK 2 - PHASE II PLANNING SUPPORT - PERFORMED AND

REPORTED TO DARPA

SUBTASK 2.1 REFINE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

SUBTASK 2.2 DEVELOP BROCHURE FOR INDUSTRY

SYMPOSIUM

SUBTASK 2,3 PROVIDE FOLLOW-UP TECHNICAL

ASSSESSMENT

Figure 1. Summary of NTC Planning Support Tasks

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SYSTEMS INTEGRATION SUPPORT

* NTC Phase I Development Options - Summary

* Principal NTC System Components

9 Design and Systems Integration for Phase I

e Representative NTC Phase I Configuration

* Command Post Exercises/Notional Battalions

* Training Analysis and Feedback Requirements

o Field Data Collection - Electronic Clipboard

a Field Data Collection - Manual Data Forms

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THE BDM CORPORATION

Systems Integration Support

NTC PHASE I DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS - SUMMARY

For NTC Phase I integration planning purposes, four representativedevelopment approaches were considered.

NTC Phase I will be developed under contract with industry. To providea basis for assessing alternative approaches, four representative develop-ment approaches for NTC Phase I have been published. Details of thesewere provided in earlier reports submitted to TRADOC.

Option A, Limited Phase I - This plan limits the number of RMS-instru-mented players to 120 in Phase I. The PLAFIRE concept would be introducedin the fourth quarter of FY 82, three to four years earlier than currentlyplanned.

This plan avoids heavy reliance on RMS instrumentation and minimizes thedevelopment effort for Phase I. This is accomplished by using CDEC'sTASVAL software, which can support 120 players, directly on NTC computers.Development effort and schedule risk are avoided by not attempting toupgrade the RMS system to 450 players. An alternative to the CDECTASVAL software is the OSD DDT&E SEL-86 software.

Option B, Full Phase I Instrumentation - This plan provides for fielding450 RMS-instrumented players in Phase I, followed by early introductionof PLAFIRE in fourth quarter FY 82.

Option C, Full Phase I Instrumentation, PLAFIRE Delayed - This planprovides the same option as B but delays PLAFIRE.

Options A, B and C all require major investments in A-Stations for RMScoverage. Options B and C require 330 more B-Units than does Option A, notcounting additional spares. This increase in B-Units would cost on theorder of eight million dollars. Further, both Option B and C involve sub-stantially more development effort than Option A. Further, according toCDEC engineering estimates, 55 A-Stations are needed for minimum coverageof the IOKM by IOKM playing area. For Fort Irwin, approximately 50KM by50KM, this would require upwards of 275 A-Stations at a cost of over $20million, exclusive of B-Units.

Option D, PLAFIRE - This plan provides for elimination of Phase I,shifting the IOC to fourth quarter of FY 82 and immediate development ofPLAFIRE.

In this approach, TRADOC does not invest resources in the developmentand implementation of two operational systems for two separate phases.All resources are concentrated on the modern PLAFIRE instrumentation.

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FY 80 FY 81 FY 82I I

OPTION A _PLAFIRE COMPONENT PHASE I PHASE IIA 450

DEVELOPMENT/TESTING IOC-120 RMS INSTRUMENTED PLAYERSPLAYERS

OPTION B 1 _fLAFIRE COMPONENT PHASE I PHASE II

DEVELOPMENT/TESTING I OC- 450 RMS INSTRUMENTED • 450

PLAYERS PLAYERS

DELAYED PLAFIRE

OPTION C NTC II | 11 PHASE I SYSTEM

120 INSTRUMENTED IOC-450 RMS INSTRUMENTED

PLAYERS PLAYERS

OPTION D PLAFIRE COMPONENT

DEVELOPMENT/TESTING A]0C450PLAYERS

APPLIES TO ALL OTHER OPTIONS, AS WELL. <MOTE. 12 ENS SCHEDULED

Figure 2. Comparison of NTC Options

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Systems Integration Support

PRINCIPAL NTC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

There are seven principal components which must be developed andintegrated to establish the total NTC system for Phase I.

The NTC system components needed for Phase I are shown in Figure 3.

Three Instrumentation Subsystem Components - The instrumentation system re-quired for this role has three highly interrelated components:

e Force-on-force engagement simulation instrumentation0 Live fire instrumentation* Data processing and display systems.

This instrumentation will do the following:

0 Record position location0 Simulate and record engagement events* Transmit real-time control to the field0 Provide data processing and displays for training analysis and

feedback (TAF).

Notional Battalion - CPXs or notional battalions will support training ofthe Brigade as well as the additional Battalion staffs.

OPFOR - The OPFOR will represent a Soviet motorized rifle regiment. Thetactics and techniques employed must be those of the Soviets.

Exercise Monitor and Control (EMC) - The EMC is required for many opera-tional functions essential to effective operations:

0 Conduct automated instrumentation countdown0 Establish software initialization* Control OPFOR0 Range safety* Control electromagnetic emissions* Administrative kill of players as required* Check status of instrumentation and software during operations• Control CCTV and voice recording instrumentation.

Training Analysis and Feedback - TAF post-exercise training will be con-ducted in After Action Reviews (AAR) which will emphasize training byanalysis and feedback of the exercise data.

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NTC COMPONENTS TO BE DEVELOPED

TRAINING ANALYSISAND FEEDBACK

-TACTICAL

DIAGNOSTIC MOD]EL

FINSTRUMENTATION SUIBSYSTEM HARDWARE A1ID SOFTWIARE

INSTRUMENTAATION

OFigr . Pinia opoet ob Deveope and IntegratetSONE EsalihNTDyse

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Systems Integration Support

DESIGN AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATION FOR PHASE I

The principal components of the NTC system functionally interactand the NTC Phase I system must be designed as an integrated system.

Integrated System Design - The seven principal components of the NTC :1have been organized into the total system presented in detail in Figure 4.This figure illustrates the complex relationship which exists amongcomponents and emphasizes the importance which must be directed to anintegrated approach to planning and implementation of both hardware andsoftware.

PL System/MILES Integration - The position location system operationsand MILES engagement simulation will be integrated in Phase I. Figure 4shows this for the case of the RMS system. The RMS control, commandgenerator, and range/event data collection are shown as key functionsunder REAL-TIME-SOFTWARE AND DISPLAY. Alternative PL systems may beused.

CDEC PL/MILES Backup - Many of the functions and functional elementspresented in Figure 4 are already in operation at CDEC. The CDECsystem, developed for the TASVAL test, can handle up to 120 instrumentedplayers. CDEC also uses its own Laser Direct Fire System (LDFS) forengagement simulation. Engagement computation of P and assessment ofcasualties is conducted in the central computer. Te LDFS provides anexcellent backup for MILES in Phase I.

CDEC has already conducted training analysis and feedback exercises forTIE, and much of the CDEC software and computer hardware for graphicaldisplay is applicable to NTC TAF functions. Under CDEC's participationin NTC 1A Stage I, CDEC will be developing the additional softwarenecessary to support TAF development and instrumentation.

Maximum Effectiveness - The system design provides for all requiredreal-time EMC and TAF functions, operation of field instrumentation andthe interaction of the operating system with NTC management. The designof the system maximizes transparency and realism for the players through:

0 Lack of intrusion of instrumentation into player activities; and0 Inclusion of all major facets of combined arms operations.

The ioteraction between operations and management shown in the figure isessential for successful training. The NTC operation is so complex thatfailure to coordinate plans, maintain equipment or instrumentation, orprovide adequate supplies will seriously disrupt training.

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FIELD OPERATIONS

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Representative NTC Phase I Configuration

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Systems Integration Support

REPRESENTATIVE NTC PHASE I COMPUTER CONFIGURATION

A representative computer hardware system was developed for NTCPhase I planning.

Representative NTC Phase I Configuration - A representative computerhardware configuration to support NTC Phase I consists of equipmentcompatible with the currently operational CDEC/TRADOC MCS software. Theproposed configuration is centered around the Digital Equipment Corpora-tion's VAX-77/780 computer. In addition to the VAX, current NTC para-meters suggest that five additional machines such as the PDP 11/60 willbe required to support various functions. These machines, especiallythe VAX system, were designed to be directly upward compatible with thehardware and software currently in use at CDEC.

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THE BDM CORPORATION

NTC PHASE I DETAILED COMPUTER

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THE BDM CORPORATION

Commnand Plost Exercises/Notional Battalions

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Systems Integration Support

COMMAND POST EXERCISES/NOTIONAL BATTALIONS

Command post exercise (CPX) techniques will effectively generateactivities of notional BN CPs and other notional elements.

Brigade Headquarters (BDE HQ) - Realism in exercising BN command and controlrequires representation of BDE HQ operations. There are four steps to dothis:

t Establish realistic BDE HQS for NTC exercises.

0 Provide tactical communication interactions with "live" battalion.

0 Add interactions with "other" battalions to create realistic com-bat activity environment in BDE HQs.

* Generate interactions with "other" battalions by simulating BN CPactivities.

For the BN TF commander and staff, the interaction with BDE HQ is essential.Interactions with "other" BN TF can be handled in the play of the BDE HQ asshown in Figure 6. Division HQ will be simulated to generate a normalcommand relationship with BDE HQ.

Support Functions - Elements directly supporting the BN TF, such as the airdefense platoon and the artillery battery, will be live units. The associatedheadquarters of these elements will be noti-nal.

CPX Techniques - There are two approaches to generating realistic commandrelationships with notional units:

* CPX techniques are implemented through written scenarios undercontroller direction. They are realistic, but limited in thereal-time variations that can be made to the basic scenarios.Minimum resources are required.

* Computer simulations of BN TF action can be done in a mannersimilar to CArTS. The realism is greater than for CPX, but isgained at great cost in development and operation.

The CPX approach meets the basic requirement for realism. Computer simula-tions should be added when they have been effectively developed to tie in-to the NTC operation.

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Systems Integration Support

TRAINING ANALYSIS AND FEEDBACK REQUIREMENTS

Training analysis and feedback (TAF) will address BN TF performancewith a variety of data and displays.J

Data Requirements - Analysis of the performance of a combined arms BN TF iscomplex because 'of the large number of functions that are performed by theunit. Data and information display requirements are determined by thevarious combat functions, such as maneuver unit, fire support, air defense,and communications; and levels of combat activity in terms of execution,control, coordination, and planning.

Figure 7 shows the components of the BN TF functions for which data are re-quired for training analysis and feedback. The data requirements vary betweenthe execution, control, and coordination levels. Plans developed by BN HQstaff prior to an exercise will be evaluated using the maps and messagesgenerated by the staff.

Control and Coordination Emphasis - The BN TF is primarily a control andcoordination unit, with execution of plans carried out by subordinate elements.Execution level data such as position location and real-time casualty assess-ments describe how well the BN TF performs in a mission. The instrumentedengagement simulation data will be essential to diagnosing performance.

Tactical radio net monitoring and BN HQ and CO HQ controllers will providea significant amount of information at the control and coordination level.

Live Fire Feedback - The live fire exercises, at least initially, will beless sophisticated in terms of instrumentation than the engagement simulationexercises. Data will be available on target scores and supplemented withcontroller inputs to provide performance assessments of the BN TF.

After Action Reviews of the Data - The instrumented data will be displayedas ground tracks, casualties by unit, pairings between firers and targets,player/unit status, and other measures. These data will be supplemented byvideo, tactical net voice recordings, and controller inputs through electronicclipboards and manual information.

The Training Analysis and Feedback (TAF) staff will monitor much of the datain real time and develop and conduct structured After Action Reviews (AAR).A take-home package will be provided to support follow-on training.

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NAY IONAL I RAINING CENT I - DATA MATRIX

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Systems Integration Support

FIELD DATA COLLECTION - ELECTRONIC CLIPBOARD

Manual collection is required for data not suitable for directinstrumentation and provides redundancy for the instrumentedsystem.

Manual Collection - Manually collected data provide human insight intoReyevents and anomalous occurrences. Extremely important, too, is thefact that if the automated data collection system fails, manuallycollected data will be the only data available for analysis and evaluation.These points are summarized in Figure 8.

Two means of manual data collection are available for use:

* Electronic Clipboard (ECB) with output fed to digital recorderon data collector, or telemetered to central location; and

0 Manual data forms.

Both may be used.

ECB - Devices are similar to a hand-held calculator. Each button can bedesignated to have a specific meaning, and each entry can be timetagged. Use of ECBs in EW/CAS tests have shown accuracies of +2 secondsin recording events with random errors occasionally as large as +15seconds.

Figure 8 provides a detailed breakdown of ECB equipment and costs which

would satisfy NTC requirements for 50 controllers.

Manual Data Collection

a Incorporates expert field judgment into the training feedback• Provides redundancy for the instrumented data collection.

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THE BDM CORPORATION

NumberComponent Required Each Total

ECB 50 $2,000 $100,000

Memodyne RecordPlay Back Unit 1 2,000 2,000

Modem InterfaceRepeater (MIR-4) 1 250 250

Modem EliminatorME-81 1 250 250

A.B. EIA Switch 1 145 145

829 KSR Terminal 1 2,470 2,470

A, B, C, D, Switches 6 335 2,010

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Figure 8. ECB Data Collection and Processing System

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THE BDM CORPORATION

MANAGEMENT CONCEPT

* NTC Management Staff

* Field Instrumentation Maintenance

i 1.2

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THE BDM CORPORATION

Management Concept

NTC MANAGEMENT STAFF

A total of approximately 75 personnel are required for the NTCManagement Staff.

Figure 9 delineates the organization and quantities of personnel requiredfor the NTC Management Staff.

Training and operations will be accomplished by the elements of theCommand in accordance with standing policies and procedures of the NTCOperations and Training Directorate.

Interface between NTC and the USAIS (OPFOR doctrine, OPTEPs, and OPFORMS)will be thorugh the NTC Training Division. Training analysis and feedbackfrom the TAF staff will be through the Training Division's BLUFOR andOPFOR Branches.

The Personnel and Fiscal Directorate will provide support as required tosupplement organic support.

Logistics and Maintenance will provide for the acquisition, receipt,storage, issue, turn-in, maintenance, and property disposal for allelements except the Instrumentation Directorate (not shown in Figure 9).

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Management Concept

FIELD INSTRUMENTATION MAINTENANCE

Approximately 256 personnel are required to support the maintenance

of 450 instrumented player fielded at the NTC.

Figure 10 shows the instrumentation maintenance organization necessary

to support the NTC.

The total number and types of personnel are based on CDEC's experience

for TASVAL and an average instrumentation reliability of about 1000

hours Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF). The weakest link was the RMSB-Unit (Micro-B) which had an MTBF of 466 hours.

The number of personnel has been categorized as follows:

* Managers - 6

* Engineers - 23 (including 2 supervisors)

* Programmers - 25 (including 3 supervisors)

9 Technicians - 164 (including 7 supervisors)

0 Data Analysts - 6

* Other Support - 32 (typists, Q/C inspectors, logistics, etc.)

TOTAL 256

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9 NIC INSTRUM~ENTAT IONDIRECTORATE

FIELD INSTRUMENTATION

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OPPORTUNITIES TO BE DERIVED FROM NTC 1A

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THE BDM CORPORATION

Opportunities To Be Derived From NTC 1A

SUMMARY

> There are several opportunities from which useful information canbe derived from NTC lA for Phase I and II decision making.-

Figure 11 summarizes the key opportunities to be derived from NTC IA.

There are two, essentially parallel, efforts involved in NTC 1A, StagesI-V. These involve the Core Instrumentation System Demonstration software,and CDEC NTC 1A Stage I ICC software and queueing model. Either, orboth, can provide a base for Phase I software growth. The NTC 1A effortcan form the foundation for Phase I hardware and software specificationdevelopment.

In addition, there is an opportunity to continue utilization of the NTCIA Stage I hardware and software at CDEC, if Stages IV and V must becancelled for any reason. This alternative could permit the continueddevelopment of ICC TAF/EMC operations utilizing scheduled CDEC experimentsas the driving scenario (near term experiments include J-CATCH andARMVAL).

,Human factors information can also be derived from any and all of theabovq, thus providing needed human factors insights into the EMC/TAForganization work loads, optimum display graphics and data displayconfigurations, After Action Review formatting, etc.

In addition, the identification of training activities which can orcannot be supported has direct implication on the hardware and softwareconfiguration and the cost for Phase I.-

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, .5, .

THE BDM CORPORATION

NTC 1A PROVIDES SOLID BASIS FORPHASE I GROWTH

I CIS HARDWARE/SOFTWARE DEMONSTRATION

I NTC IA STAGE I ICC

I HUMAN FACTORS INPUT

I IDENTIFICATION OF TRAINING ACTIVITIES WHICH CAN

OR CANNOT BE SUPPORTED IN PHASE I

0 PROVIDES OPPORTUNITIES TO OPTIMIZE HARDWARE/

SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION FOR PHASE I

* PROVIDES OPPORTUNITY FOR PHASE I HARDWARE

SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT

. PROVIDES OPPORTUNITY FOR PHASE I SOFTWARE

SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT

Figure ll. Opportunities To Be Derived From NTC 1A

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