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9-k; tFg;G r%f mwptpay; ,uz;lhk; gUtk; ntw;wpf;F top

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,uz;lhk; gUtk; ghlq;fs;

tuyhW 1. etPdfhyj; Jtf;fk;

2. njhopw;Gul;rp

Gtpapay;

1. jkpo;ehL - cw;gj;jpj; njhopw;rhiyfs;

2. Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; jfty; ghpkhw;wk;

3. Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik

Fbikapay; 1. khepy muR

2. Fbkf;fspd; chpikfSk; flikfSk;

nghUspay; 1. ,e;jpa &gha; Nehl;L

njhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL – ,uz;lhk; gUtj;Nju;T khjpup tpdhj;jhs;



tuyhW

1.etPdfhyj; Jtf;fk;

gbf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;bd; Jtf;fj;jpy;> fpNuf;f ,yj;jPd; ,yf;fpaq;fs; kPz;Lk; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;ljd;

tpisthf gFj;jwpT fhyk; kyh;e;jJ. 2. kWkyh;r;rp vd;gJ GJg;gpj;jy;> kPl;LUthf;fk;> kWgpwg;G vd;W nghUs;gLk;. 3. mwpTf;fhyk; vd;gJ njhd;ikahd fpNuf;f> Nuhkhdpa nrk;nkhop ,yf;fpa fhyj;jpd; czh;it

GJg;gpj;jy; vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. 4. kWkyh;r;rp “tpLjiy kw;Wk; ntspg;ghL” Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ 5. murpay; jsj;jpy; Nghg;ghz;lthpd; cyfshtpa mjpfhuj;jpd; mopitf; Fwpf;fpwJ. 6. INuhg;gpa kWkyh;r;rpapd; gpwg;gplk; ,j;jhyp. ,jid INuhg;ghtpd; fy;tpf; $lk; vd;gh;. 7. tl ,j;jhyp> fiy kw;Wk; ,yf;fpaj;ij Nghw;Wk; ,lkhf mike;jJ. 8. gjpdhd;fhk; E}w;whz;by; kpfr;rpwe;j ,j;jhypaf; ftpQuhd jhe;Nj vOjpa nja;tPf ,d;gpay;

ntspaplg;gl;lTld; kWkyh;r;rp ,af;fk; Jtq;FfpwJ. 9. kWkyh;r;rp ,af;fk; kdpjjj;Jt ,af;f fl;lk;> fiy kw;Wk; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Gj;Japh; ngw;w

fl;lk; vd ,U ngUk; gphpTfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. 11. ,yf;fpa kWkyh;r;rpapd; Kd;Ndhb ngl;uhf; Mthh;. 12. mr;R ,ae;jpuj;jpd; fz;Lgpbg;ghy; Gjpa E}y;fs; mr;rplg;gl;L Fiwe;j tpiyapy; kf;fSf;F

nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. 13. ypahdhh;Nlh lhtpd;rp xU gy;Jiw Nkij> rpwe;j vOj;jhsh;> tpQ;Qhdp> gilg;ghsp>

nghwpahsh;> fl;blf;fiy epGzh;> Xtpah; vdg; gy Jiwfspy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wpUe;jhh;. 14. ikf;Nfy; VQ;ryh> ypahdhh;Nlh lhtpd;rp> uNgy; kw;Wk; jpjpad; MfpNahh; kpfr;rpwe;j

Xtpah;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. 15. ikf;Nfy; VQ;ryhtpd; ,Wjpj;jPh;g;G> ypahdhh;Nlh lhtpd;rpapd; rpwe;j Xtpakhd Nkhdyprh>

kw;Wk; ,Wjp ,uT czT uNgypd; kNlhd;dhTk;> rpwe;j Xtpaq;fspd; vLj;Jf;fhl;LfshFk;;. 16. kdpjj;Jtj;jpd; etPd fhy Njhw;Wtpg;ghsh; ngl;uhf; Mthh;. 17. Nguurh; rhh;y];f;F kUj;Jtuhf ,Ue;j Mz;l;& ntrhypa]; vd;gth; kdpj clyikg;G gw;wpa

VO E}y;fs; vd;w E}iy vOjpdhh;. 18. /nuah; Nuh[h;Ngf;fd; “etPd mwptpaypd; je;ij” vdf; fUjg;gLfpwhh;. 19. #hpaid cyfk; Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;gjid Nfhgh;epf]; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. nfg;sh; thdtpay;

fzpjj;jpw;F mbf;fy; ehl;bdhh; 20. njhiyNehf;fpia fypypNah mikj;jhh;. “GtpaPh;g;G tpiria” epA+l;ld; fz;Lgpbj;jhh; 21. nfhyk;g];> th];Nfhlhfhkh kw;Wk; nkfy;yd; Nghd;w kpfr;rpwe;j khYkpfs; ,Ue;jdh;. 22. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jhy; kf;fspilNa rpe;jid Mw;wy; tsh;r;rpAw;wJ. vijAk;

gFj;jhuha;e;J cz;ikia kl;Lk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; kdg;ghq;F Vw;gl;lJ. 23. kWkyh;r;rpahy; Njrpa nkhopfs; tsh;r;rpAw;wd. kWkyh;r;rpahy; gilg;Gj;jpwd; mjpfhpj;jJ. 24. kWkyh;r;rpf;Fg; gpd; njhy;nghUs; epidTr; rpd;dq;fs; kPJ kf;fs; ehl;lk; nfhz;ldh;. 25. mr;Rg;nghwp fz;Lgpbg;ghy; Vuhskhd Gj;jfq;fs; mr;rbf;fg;gl;L ntspapl Kbe;jJ. kWkyh;r;rp

fhyj;jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l jpirf;fhl;Lk; fUtp Kf;fpa mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;ghFk;. 26. Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Gfo;ngw;w kdpjh;fspd; vOj;Jf;fs; kf;fSila tho;f;ifia

KOtJkhf khw;wpaikj;jJ. 27. kdpjj;Jtj;jpd; gz;ghl;by; Kf;fpakhd gq;F tfpj;jth;fs; kdpjj;Jtthjpfs; Mthh;. 28. gjpdhd;fhk; E}w;whz;by; ngl;uhf; tpijj;j kdpjj;Jtj;jpd; tpijapd; fdpia gjpdhwhk;

E}w;whz;by; vuh];k]; gwpj;jhh;. 29. gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;by; epytpa r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; murpay; epiyikfspdhy; rkar;

rPh;jpUj;jk; vd;w rka ,af;fk; cUthfpaJ. 30. jpUr;rigapd; jiytuhf Nuhk; efhpy; Nghg;ghz;lth; ,Ue;jhh;. jpUr;rigapd; fPOs;s

epakdq;fs; mjpf gzk; jUgth;fSf;F tpw;fg;gl;ld.



31. jpUr;rigapd; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fk;> fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; ,irtpy;yhj vJTk; kjtpNuhjk; vd;W $wg;gl;lJ.

32. kj tpNuhjr; nraYf;fhf> khw;Wf; fUj;Jf;fis ntspapl;lth;fs; vhpj;Jf; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldh;.

33. Y}jhpd; fpsh;r;rpf;F cldbf;fhuzk; „ghtkd;dpg;Gr; rPl;Lfis‟ tpw;gid nra;jjhFk;. 34. Gdpj gPl;lh; jpUr;rigia fl;Ltjw;F nlhkpdpf;fd; jiyikg;ghjphpahh; N[h`d; nll;ry; mjpf

nghUs; jpul;Ltjw;fhf ght kd;dpg;Gr; rPl;Lfis tpw;gid nra;jhh;. 35. jpUr;rigf;Fs;NsNa rPh;jpUj;jq;fisf; nfhz;L tUtJk;> mjw;F ntspNa kWg;G ,af;fj;jpd;

tphpitj; jLg;gJk; vd;gNj “rPh;jpUj;j kWg;G ,af;fk;” vdg;gl;lJ. 36. ,f;Ndrpa]; yNahyh Nghg;ghz;lthpd; mDkjpNahL VR rig vd;w mikg;ig epWtpdhh;. 37. fj;Njhypf;f kj rPh;jpUj;j ,af;fj;ijg; gug;Gk; mikg;ghf ,NaR rigapy; n[];l;A+y;fs;

nray;gl;ldh;. 38. 1540–k; Mz;by; VRrigapy; n[];bA+l;Lfspd; vz;zpf;ifia cah;j;j Nghg;ghz;lth;

mDkjpj;jhh;. 39. ];ghdpa tprhuiz ePjp kd;wk; kd;dh; ngh;bdhd;L kw;Wk; ,uhzp ,rngy;yh fhyj;jpy;

epWtg;gl;lJ. 40. khYkp n`d;wp khYkpfSf;F jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp kw;Wk; M];l;NuhNyg; cgNahfpf;Fk;

Kiwiaf; fw;Wf;nfhLj;jhh;. 41. n`d;wpapd; khYkpfs; mNrhh; kw;Wk; nkBuh jPTfis fz;Lgpbj;jg;gpd; #lhd; kw;Wk; nrdPfy;

tiu nrd;wdh;. 42. 15 –k; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; ghh;j;jNyhkpah la]; vd;w Nghh;r;RfPrpah; Mg;gphpf;fhtpd;

njw;F Kidia mile;J mjw;F ed;dk;gpf;if Kid vd;W ngahpl;lhh;. 43. 1497 –y; th];Nfhlhfhkh Nghh;r;Rf;fy;ypypUe;J 1498- y; fs;spf;Nfhl;ilia mile;jhh;. 44. ,j;jhypauhd fpwp];Nlhgh; nfhyk;g]; gazk; nra;a nghUSjtp mspj;jth; ];ngapd; ehl;L

murpahh; ,rngy;yh Mthh;. 45. nfhyk;g]; 1472-y; rhd;lh khpah> epdh kw;Wk; gpd;lh vd;w %d;W fg;gy;fspy; 88

khYkpfSld; Kjd; Kjyhf ml;yhz;bf; kfhrKj;jpuj;ij fle;jhh;. 46. ngh;bdhd;L nkfy;yd; vd;gth; fz;Lgpbj;j mnkhpf;fhtpd; njd;Kidiar; Rw;wp cs;s

flYf;F grpgpf; fly; vdg; ngahpl;lhh;. 47. mnkhpf;Nfh nt];Gfp fz;Lgpbj;j Gjpa cyfj;jpw;F> khh;bd; thy;L Ky;yh; mnkhpf;fh vd;W

ngahpl;lhh;.

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;): 1. kWkyh;r;rpapd; gpwg;gplk; ………………

m) ,j;jhyp M) n[h;kdp ,) ,q;fpyhe;J <) M];jphpah 2. rka rPh;jpUj;jj;jpw;F %yf; fhuzkhdth; ahh;?

m) [hd; `]; M) khh;l;bd; Y}jh; ,) Rtpq;yp <) fhy;tpd; 3. JUf;fpah;fshy; fhd;];lhz;b Nehgps; ifg;gw;wg;gl;l Mz;L …………

m) fp.gp.1452 M) fp.gp.1453 ,) fp.gp.1458 <) fp.gp1353 4. Nkhdyprh vd;w Gfo;ngw;w Xtpaj;ijj; jPl;bath; ……………

m) ikf;Nfy; VQ;rNyh M) uNgy; ,) jpjpad; <) ypahdh;Nlh lh-tpd;rp 5. ,NaR rq;fk; vd;w rka mikg;igj; Njhw;Wtpj;jth;………… m) khh;l;bd; Y}jh; M) 5-k; rhh;y]; ,) Rtpq;yp <) ,f;Nd\pa]; yNahyh 6. th];Nfhlfhkh fs;spf;Nfhl;ilia te;jile;j Mz;L ……………

m) 1498 M) 1497 ,) 1496 <) 1499

nghUj;Jf. 1. jhe;Nj - m) etPd mwptpaypd; je;ij 2. ikf;Nfy; VQ;rNyh - M) Gjpa mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;G 3. Nuh[h; Ngfd; - ,) mnkhpf;fh 4. khYkp jpirf;fhl;Lk; fUtp - <) ,Wjpj; jPh;g;G 5. mnkhpf;Nfh nt];Gfp - c) nja;tPf ,d;gpay; - C) ,Wjp czT - v) Gjpa fly; top

tpilfs; 1. c 2. < 3. m 4. M 5. ,



FWfpa tpilasp 1. kWkyh;r;rp tiuaW. 1. kWkyh;r;rp vd;why; GJg;gpj;jy;> kPl;LUthf;fk;> kWgpwg;G vd;W nghUs;gLk;.

2. kWkyh;r;rp tpLjiy kw;Wk; ntspg;ghL Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

2. kWkyh;r;rp ,af;fj;jpd; ,UngUk;gphpTfs; ahit? 1. kdpjj;Jt ,af;f fl;lk; my;yJ gz;ila fhy fiy kw;Wk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Gj;Japh; ngw;w fl;lk;. 2. nrk;ikf; fiyfs; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l fl;lk;.

3. kWkyh;r;rp fhy Xtpaq;fs; gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G tiuf. 1. kWkyh;r;rpahdJ fpNuf;ff;fiy kw;Wk; Nuhkhdpa czh;Tfs; rhh;e;j fiyfspy; ntspg;gl;ld. 2. m) ikf;Nfy; VQ;rNyhtpd; ,Wjpj; jPh;g;G M) ypahdhh; lh lhtpd;rpapd; Nkhdyprh kw;Wk; ,Wjp

,uT czT ,) uNgypd; kNlhdh Nghd;wit kWkyh;r;rp fhy Xtpaq;fs; MFk;.

4. kWkyh;r;rpf; fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Kf;fpakhd mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;G ahJ? 1. fyPypNah - njhiyNehf;fp 2. epA+l;ld; - GtpaPh;g;G tpir 3. #hpaid G+kp Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;gij Nfhgh;epf;f]; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;.

5. ghtkd;dpg;G rPl;L gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf. 1. ghtkd;dpg;Gr; rPl;L> xUtdJ ghtr; Rikiaf; Fiwf;Fk; vd;W $wg;gl;lJ. 2. xUtd; ghtr; nray; Ghpe;Jtpl;L Nghg;gpw;f;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l njhifia mspg;gjd; %yk;

jz;lidapy; ,Ue;J jg;gptpl KbAk; vd;w epiyia cUthf;fpaJ.

6. l;nud;l; fTd;rpy; - tiuaW. 1. l;nud;l; fTd;rpy; 1545 Kjy; 1563 tiu nray;gl;lJ. 2. l;nuz;l; rig fj;Njhypf;f jpUr;rigia rPh;jpUj;Jtij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

7. khYkp n`d;wp gw;wp Fwpg;G jUf. 1. Nghh;r;Rf;fPrpa ,sturh; n`d;wp khYkpfSf;fhf gapw;rpg; gs;spia Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. 2. khYkpfSf;Fj; jpirf;fhl;Lk; fUtp kw;Wk; M];l;NuhNyg; cgNahfpf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fw;Wf;

nfhLj;jhh;. vdNt> ,th; khYkp n`d;wp vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;.

8. Gjpa fly; top fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; tpisTfs; ahit? 1. ,e;jpah> rPdh> mnkhpf;fh> nkf;rpNfh Nghd;w ehLfspy; fly;top %yk; thzpgk; eilg;ngw;wJ. 2. Gjpa fly; topg; gazj;jhy; grpgpf; ngUq;fly; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

jiyg;G tpdhf;fs; (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;) : 1. ,j;jhypapy; kWkyh;r;rp:

m) INuhg;ghtpd; gs;sp vd;W miof;fg;;gLk; ehL ahJ? ,j;jhyp M) kWkyh;r;rp fhy fiyapd; Kd;Ndhb ahh;? ngl;uhf; ,) „kdpj clyikg;G gw;wpa VO E}y;fs;” vd;w E}iy vOjpath; ahh;? Mz;l;& ntrhypa]; <) tz;zj;jpy; Gfo;ngw;wth; ahh;? jpjpad;

2. rkar; rPh;jpUj;jk; : m) khh;bd; Y}jh; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl cldbf; fhuzk; vd;d? ghtkd;dpg;Gr; rPl;Lfs; tpw;gid M) gpuhl;l];ld;Lfs; vd miof;fg;gLgth; ahh;? Y}jhpd; Mjuthsh;fs; ,) Gdpj rlq;Ffspy; VopypUe;J %d;whf Fiwf;fg;gl;lit ahit? 1. Qhd];ehdk; 2. jpUkzk; 3. jpUtpUe;J rlq;Ffs; <) N[hfd; nll;ry; vd;gth; ahh;? nlhkpdpf;fd; jiyikg; ghjphpahh;.

3. ,NaR rig : m) ,NaR rigia epWtpath; ahh;?

,f;Nd\pa]; yNahyh.



M) ve;j Mz;L ,NaR rig epWtg;gl;lJ? 1540 Mk; Mz;L ,) vj;jid cWg;gpdh;fs; ,NaR rigapy; ,Ue;jdh;? 60 cWg;gpdh;fs; <) rka rPh;jpUj;j kWg;G ,af;fj;jpd; epWtdq;fs; ahit? vjph; rka rPh;jpUj;j ,af;fk; my;yJ fj;Njhypf;f kWg;G ,af;fk;

4. Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; : m) ed;dk;gpf;if Kid vd ngahpl;lth; ahh;?

ghh;j;jNyhkpah la]; M) fpwp];l;Nlhgh; nfhyk;g]; vjidf; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;? Gjpa cyfk; (mnkhpf;fh) ,) fpwp];l;Nlhgh; nfhyk;g]; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;l %d;W fg;gy;fspd; ngah;fs; ahit? rhd;lh khpah> epdh kw;Wk; gpd;lh <) gRgpf; ngUq;fly; vd ngahpl;l Nghh;r;Rf;fPrpa fz;Lgpbg;ghsh; ahh;? ngh;bdhd;L nkfy;yd;

tphpthd tpilasp : 1. kWkyh;r;rp fhyj;jpa kdpjj;Jtk; gw;wp vOJ.

1. flTisAk;> jpUr;rigiaAk; ikakhfpa ,yf;fpa Kidg;GfSf;F kdpjj;Jtk; vd;W ngah;. 2. ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; jpUr;rigapd; Mjpf;fk; NkNyhq;fp ,Ue;jJ. 3. kf;fspd; tho;f;if jpUr;rigapd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Ue;jJ. 4. kdpjj;Jtj;jpd; etPd fhy Njhw;Wtpg;ghsh; ngl;uhf; Mthh;. 5. gpshud;]; efhpd; muruhd Nyhuq;Nfh b nkbrp mwpQh;fis Mjhpj;jhh;. 6. kdpjj;Jtk; ,j;jhypapy; ,Ue;J INuhg;ghtpy; gy ehLfSf;F gutpaJ. 7. ypNahdhh;Nlh lh tpd;rp „vjph;fhy Mfhaf;fg;gy‟ ; vd;gjw;fhd tiuglj;ij cUthf;fpdhh;. 8. fpNuf;f Nuhkhdpa ,yf;fpa czh;Tfspd; Gj;Japh;g;ghy; INuhg;ghntq;Fk; Gjpa kdpjid

ikag;gLj;Jk; ,yf;fpag; Nghf;F Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;lJ.

2. kWkyh;r;rpapd; tpisTfs; ahit? 1. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jhy; kf;fspilNa rpe;jid Mw;wy; tsh;r;rpAw;wJ. 2. kWkyh;r;rpahy; Njrpa nkhopfs; tsh;r;rpAw;wd. 3. kf;fspd; gilg;Gj;jpwd; mjpfhpj;jJ. ,J Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;F topNfhypaJ.

4. njhy;nghUs; epidTr;rpd;dq;fs; kPJ ehl;lKk; mfo;thuha;r;rp mwptpaYk; cUthapw;W. 5. gFj;jwpe;J MuhAk; rpe;jidahy; kf;fSf;F rka ek;gpf;ifapy; cs;s FiwghLfisj;

njhpe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. 6. ,q;fpyhe;J> gpuhd;];> `hye;J> Nghh;r;Rfy;> ];ngapd; Nghd;w Njrpa ehLfs; cUthapw;W.

7. fpwpj;Jt Nfhl;ghLfs; kpfTk; gytPdg;gl;L> khdpl czh;TfSf;F caph; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. 8. tuyhw;wpay;> mwptpay; mbg;gilapy; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;lJ.

3. fj;Njhypf;f jpUr;rigapy; fhzg;gl;l Coy;fSf;F vjpuhf khh;l;bd; Y}jhpd; gzpfs; ahit? 1. fpsh;r;rpf;F cldb fhuzk;: khh;l;bd; Y}jhpd; fpsh;r;rpf;F cldbf;fhuzk; „ghtkd;dpg;Gr;

rPl;Lfis‟ tpw;gid nra;jjhFk;. 2. Gdpj gPl;lh; jpUr;rigia fl;Ltjw;F nlhkpdpf;fd; jiyikg;ghjphpahh; N[h`d; nll;ry;

mjpf nghUs; jpul;Ltjw;fhf ght kd;dpg;Gr; rPl;Lfis tpw;gid nra;jhh;. 3. 1517-y; Y}jh; ght kd;dpg;Gr; rPl;Lfis tpw;gidf;F vjpuhf 95 thjq;fis mwpf;ifahf

vOjp tpl;ld;gh;f; khjhf;Nfhapy; fjtpy; gjpj;jhh;. 4. khh;l;bd; Y}jhpd; gzpfs;: n[h;khdpa ehl;bd; gpuGf;fSf;F Ntz;LNfhs;> ghgpNyhdpaj;

jpUr;rigapd; rpiw thrk;> fpwpj;Jtdpd; Rje;jpuk; vd;w %d;W rpW Gj;jfq;fis Y}jh; ntspapl;lhh;.

5. Nghg;ghz;lthpd; mjpfhuj;ijAk; jpUr;rig MNyhrid rigiaAk; khh;l;bd; Y}jh; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fpdhh;.

6. Y}jh; Nghg;ghz;lthpd; mjpfhuj;ij vjph;j;J nghJ ,lj;jpy; Nghg;gpd; Miz kw;Wk; rpy kjr;rl;l E}y;fis vjph;j;jhh;.

7. khh;l;bd; Y}jh; Nuhkhdpaj; jpUr;rigapd; VO tifahd rlq;Ffis Qhd];ehdk;> jpUkzk;> jpUtpUe;J rlq;Ffs; vd %d;whf Fiwj;jhh;.

8. khh;l;bd; Y}jhpd; Mjuthsh;fs; “gpuhl;l];lz;Lfs;” vd;wiof;fg;gl;ldh;.



4. ,q;Frprd; (tprhuiz kd;wk;) kw;Wk; ml;ltiz gw;wp Fwpg;G vOJf. ,q;Frprd; (tprhuiz kd;wk;): 1. ,q;Frprd; (tprhuiz ePjpkd;wk;) kd;dh; ngh;bdhd;L kw;Wk; ,uhzp ,rngy;yh fhyj;jpy;

epWtg;gl;lJ. 2. fj;Njhypf;f ek;gpf;ifia Fiw $wpath;fs; %h;f;fj;jdkhf jpUr;rig tprhuiz kd;wk;

%yk; jz;bf;fg;gl;ldh;. 3. Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;lth;fs; Fw;wk; Ghpe;jjhf xg;Gf;nfhz;L kd;dpg;G Nfl;Fk;gb rpj;utij

nra;ag;gl;ldh;. ml;ltiz: 1. fj;Njhypf;f kjj;jpw;F vjpuhd fUj;Jfs; nfhz;l Gj;jfq;fspd; gl;bay;fisj; jahhpj;J

mtw;iw fj;Njhypf;fh;fs; gbf;fj; jil nra;jdh;. 2. fj;Njhypf;f kjj;jpw;F vjpuhd fUj;Jfs; mlq;fpa gl;bay; ,d;nlf;]; vd;wiof;fg;gl;lJ.

5. Gtpapay; fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;fhd fhuzq;fs; ahit? 1. kWkyh;r;rp fhyk; vy;yhtpj ,ilf;fhy %l ek;gpf;iffis kf;fs; kdjpy; ,Ue;J ePf;fpaJ. 2. cyfpd; gy;NtW epyg;gFjpfisf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Jzpr;ry; czh;it tsh;j;jJ. 3. mwptpay; mwpQh;fs; G+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;lJ vd;W fz;Lgpbj;jdh;. 4. mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfspy; jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp jpirfis mwpe;J nfhs;s cjtpaJ. 5. jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp flypy; jpir njhpahky; jtpf;Fk;NghJ jpirawpe;J njhlu cjtpaJ. 6. Ml;Nlhkhd; JUf;fpah;fs; fp.gp1453-,y; fhd;];lhd;bNehgpis ifg;gw;wpajhy; Gjpa fly;

topfis fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. 7. kq;Nfhypa gilnaLg;Gfs; INuhg;gh gw;wpa Gtpapay; rpe;jidfis tphpTgLj;jj; J}z;baJ. 8. ntspehl;Lg; gazk; kw;Wk; thzpgk; gw;wpa Mtiy rpYitg; Nghh;fs; mjpfkhf cUthf;fpd.



2. njhopw;Gul;rp

gbf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. njhopw;Gul;rp vd;w nrhy;iy Kjd;Kjypy; gpshd; $ vd;w gpnuQ;R vOj;jhsh; gad;gLj;jpdhh;.

2. 18 Mk; E}w;whz;by; gy Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; tptrha KiwfspYk; mikg;GfspYk; ngUk; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd

3. epykhdpa KjyPl;lhsh;fs; mbikj;jsj;jpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;L gz;izahl;fshfTk; Fj;jiff; fhuh;fshfTk; cah;j;jg;gl;ldh;.

4. th;j;jf tphpthf;fj;jhy; Gjpa ehLfs; kw;Wk; Gjpa fly;topf; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; Vw;gl;ld.

5. fpuhk ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jp guty; kpf Ntfkhd tpahghu tsh;r;rpf;F mbj;jskhfpajhy;> Gjpa re;ijfisj; Njbdh;.

6. Kjyhspfspd; Cf;fj;jpdhy; mwptpay; mwpQh;fs; ,ae;jpuq;fis fz;Lgpbj;jdh;.

7. INuhg;gpa ehLfs; FbNaw;wq;fis Ruz;bd. ,jd; tpisthf Kjyhspj;Jtk; Vw;gl;lJ.

8. Gjpa ,ae;jpuq;fspd; cjtpahy; kf;fs; nghUl;fis ngUkstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;jdh;.

9. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; 18-Mk; E}w;whz;by; njhopw;Gul;rpf;F rhjfkhd #o;epiy epytpaJ. ,q;fpyhe;J fly;Nghf;Ftuj;jpYk;> fhydpahjpf;fj;jpYk; Kjd;ikahd cyf ehlhf tpUk;gpaJ.

10. Gjpa ,ae;jpuf; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; %yk; Ntfk; ngw;w Kjy; Jiw [Tspj;njhopy; MFk;.

11. 1733 –y; [hd;Nf gwf;Fk; ehlhitf; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. ,J nea;Ak; Ntfj;ij mjpfhpj;jJ.

12. rhKNty; fpuhk;l;ldpd; “E}w;Fk; kpA+y;”E}Yf;fhd Njitia mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jJ.

13. 1785y; fhh;l;iul; fz;Lgpbj;j tpirj;jwpapdhy; mjpf mstpy; Jzp nea;Ak; Kiw eilKiwf;F te;jJ.

14. [hh;[; ];Bgd;rd; ePuhtp ,uapy; ,ae;jpuj;ij fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. 1830 ,y; Kjy; gazpah; njhlh;tz;b khd;nr];lUf;Fk; ypth;G+Yf;Fk; ,ilNa ,af;fg;gl;lJ.

15. ghuNl ildNkhitf; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. Mgpufhk; nlh;gp ,Uk;Gj;jhJ cUf;Ftjw;F fhpf;F gjpyhf epyf;fhpia gad;gLj;Jk; Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.

16. 1855-y; nghp];kh; ,Uk;G v/F cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Gjpa Kiwia fz;Lgpbj;jhh;.

17. Nkk;gl;l rhiyfs; mikg;gjpy; [hd; nkl; fh/g; kw;Wk; [hd; nkf; Mjk; MfpNahhpd; gq;fspg;G Nghw;w jf;fjhFk;.

18. rh; nusyz;l; `py;> ngd;dp MfpNahhpd; mQ;ry; Kiw fz;Lgpbg;gpd; tpisthf tpahghhpfs; mUfpYk;> njhiytpYk; ,Ue;j Efh;Nthh;fis vspjpy; njhlh;G nfhs;s Kbe;jJ.

19. kz;iz tsg;gLj;j “gaph; Row;rp Kiw” eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. kz;zpd; tsj;ij kPl;nlLf;f FNshthh; vd;w xUtifr; nrbia gaphpl;ldh;.

20. njhopw;Gul;rpapd; tpisthf fpuhkg; gFjpapypUe;J kf;fs; njhopw;rhiyfs; ,Ue;j efuq;fSf;F <h;f;fg;gl;ldh;. mjdhy; gy njhopy; efuq;fs; cUthapd.

21. kf;fs;njhif ngUf;fj;jhy; Rfhjhu rPh;NfL Vw;gl;lJ. fhw;W> ePh;> xyp Nghd;wit khrile;jjhy; kf;fspd; RfhjhuKk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ.

22. rpWth;fSk; ngz;fSk; ngUkstpy; Fiwe;j $ypf;F Miyfspy; gzpGhpe;jjhy; njhopyjpgh;fs; ngUj;j ,yhgk; <l;bdh;.

23. gioa rKjhag; gphpTfs; mope;J Kjyhspfs;> njhopyhspfs; vd;w Gjpa gphpTfs; Njhd;wpd.

24. nghpa efuq;fs; Njhd;wpajhy; ghuhSkd;w rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; Njitg;gl;lJ.

25. 1825 Mk; Mz;L jq;fs; chpikfisg; Nghuhb ngw njhopyhsh; rq;fq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

26. njhopw;Gul;rp ,q;fpyhe;jpd; nghUshjhuj;ij khw;wpaikj;jJ. cyfpd; mjpf Kd;Ndw;wkile;j ehlhf ,q;fpyhe;J cUthdJ.

27. Miyfspd; tsh;r;rpahy; khd;nr];lh;> yq;fh\pah;> gh;kpq;`hk;> n\g;gpy;l; Nghd;w gy Gjpa njhopy; efuq;fs; Njhd;wpd.

28. njhopw;Gul;rp gzf;fhuid NkYk; gzf;fhudhf;fpaJ> Vioia NkYk; Vioahf;fpaJ.

29. nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp ngUfpajhy; nghpa njhopw;rhiyfspd; chpikahsh;fs; nry;te;jh;fshapdh;. mjd; tpisthf Kjyhspj;Jtk; Njhd;wpaJ.



30. njhopyhsh;fspd; mbg;gilj; NjitfisAk;> kdpj chpikfisAk; cs;slf;fpa rkj;Jt „Nrh\ypr‟ jj;Jtq;fs; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wd.

31. khh;f;]p]k; vd;gJ ciog;gpdhy; Vw;gLk; yhgj;jpy; ciog;ghsUf;Fk; chpa gq;FNtz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. ,jid ntspapl;lth; fhuy; khh;f;]; Mthh;.

32. Nrh\paypr> nghJTlikj; jj;Jtq;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;F mbj;jskhf mika njhopw;Gul;rpAk; fhuy; khh;f;]; jj;Jtq;fSk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

33. njhopw;Gul;rpapdhy; kdpjd; ,ae;jpuq;fSf;F mbikahdhd;. Miyj; njhopyhspfs; ,uf;fkpd;wp Kjyhspfshy; Ruz;lg;gl;ldh;.

34. ngz;fSk; rpWth;fSk; Fiwthd Cjpaj;jpy; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;gpy;yhj mghafukhd ,ae;jpuq;fSf;F mUNfAk; gzpGhpa Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

35. Ntiyapy;yhj; jpz;lhl;lk; xU jPtpu gpur;ridahFk;. ,jdhy; kf;fs; nraw;if tho;f;if thoj;Jtq;fpdh;.

36. Nltpapd; $w;Wg;gb njhopw;Gul;rp xU tuky;y> ,d;iwa etPd cyfj;ij cUthf;fpaJ njhopw;Gul;rp vdyhk;.

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;): 1. njhopw;Gul;rpapdhy; cw;gj;jp …………

m) tpiuthdJ M) kpjkhdJ ,) ke;jkhdJ <) khw;wk; Vw;gltpy;iy 2. njhopw;Gul;rpapd; jhafk; ……………

m) mnkhpf;f If;fpa ehLfs; M) gpuhd;R ,) ,q;fpyhe;J <) n[h;kdp 3. fpNul; gphpl;ld; xU ……………

m) jPgfw;gk; M) jPT ,) ghiytdk; <) kiy 4. fhl;ld; [pd;dp vd;w tpij ePf;Fk; fUtpiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jth; ……………….

m) N[k;]; `hh;fphpt;]; M) vyp tpl;dp ,) rhKNty; fpuhk;ld; <) vypah]; N`ht;Nt 5. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ……………,y; Kjy; gazpah; njhlh;tz;b ,af;fg;gl;lJ.

m) 1830 M) 1850 ,) 1779 <) 1900

nghUj;Jf 1. [hd;Nf - m) rhiy 2. N[k;]; thl; - M) ildNkh 3. ghuNl - ,) gwf;Fk; ehlh 4. nkf; Mjk; - <) E}w;Fk; n[d;dp 5. `k;ghp Nltp - c) Gjpa ePuhtp ,ae;jpuk; - C) ghJfhg;G tpsf;F - v) fhl;ld; [pd; FWfpa tpilasp : - 1. njhopw;Gul;rp vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? njhopw;Gul;rp vd;gJ tptrhak; kw;Wk; iftpidj;njhopy; nra;Ak; ciog;ghspfis ,ae;jpu

cw;gj;jp> njhopw;rhiyfs;> %yjdk;> ghpth;j;jid Nghd;wtw;iw ikag;gLj;jpa nghUshjhu Kiwf;F khw;Wtijf; Fwpg;gjhFk;.

2. th;j;jf tphpthf;fj;jpd; tpisTfs; ahit? 1. fpuhkg; gFjpapypUe;J kf;fs; njhopw;rhiyfs; ,Ue;j efuq;fSf;F <h;f;fg;gl;ldh;.

2. njhopw;Gul;rpapdhy; kdpjd; ,ae;jpuq;fSf;F mbikahdhd;. 3. gioa rKjhag; gphpTfs; mope;J „Kjyhspfs;> njhopyhspfs;‟ vd;w Gjpa gphpTfs; Njhd;wpd.

3. rkj;Jtj;jpd; Nehf;fk; ahJ? nry;tk; xU rpyhplk; nrd;wilahky; midtUf;Fk; gfph;e;jspf;fg;gl;L Vio> gzf;fhud; vd;w

NtWghL kiwa Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj rkj;Jtj;jpd; Nehf;fk; MFk;.

4. fhh;y; khh;f;]; vd;gth; ahh;? mthpd; nfhs;if ahJ? 1. fhh;y;khh;f;]; vd;gth; n[h;kdp ehl;bd; rkj;Jtthjp Mthh;.

2. khh;f;]prk; vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il fhuy; khh;f;]; ntspapl;lhh;.

jiyg;G tpdhf;fs; (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;) : 1. [Tspj;Jiw :

m) vj;Jiwapy; Kjd;Kjypy; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; Vw;gl;lJ? [Tspj;Jiw M) gwf;Fk; ehlhitf; fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;? [hd; Nf

tpilfs; 1. , 2. c 3. M 4. m 5. C



,) ijay; ,ae;jpuj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;? vypah]; N`hNt <) fhl;ld; [pd; ve;j Mz;by; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ? 1793-Mk; Mz;L

2. rf;jpfspd; fz;Lgpbg;G : m) 1769-,y; Gjpa ePuhtp ,ae;jpuj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;?

N[k;]; thl; M) ghJfhg;G tpsf;iff; fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;?

`k;g;hp Nltp ,) 1855-,y; nghp];kh; vjidf; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;?

,Uk;G v/F cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Kiw <) J}a ,Uk;G v/F cUf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;? mJ vjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ?

fz;lwpe;jth; n`d;wp fhh;l;. thfd cw;gj;jp> fl;Lkhdk;> tPl;L cgNahfg; nghUl;fs; nra;a gad;gLfpwJ.

tphpthd tpilasp 1. njhopw;Gul;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fs; ahit?

1. goikahd tptrha Kiwfs; tPo;r;rpailayhapd. 2. Gjpa fhydp ehLfspy; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; nra;ag;gl;l nghUl;fSf;fhd Njit mjpfhpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl NghdJ. 3. th;j;jf tphpthf;fj;jpd; tpisthf GjpaehLfs; kw;Wk; Gjpa fly;top fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; Vw;gl;ld. 4. INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; kf;fs; njhif guty; NtfkhfpaJ. 5. tpQ;Qhd tsh;r;rp cw;gj;jp Kiwapy; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,j;Jld; gy ,aw;if

#o;epiyfSk; njhopw;Gul;rpf;F rhjfkhapd. 6. tpahghu tphpthf;fj;jpd; tpisthf Gjpa re;ijfisj; Njbdh;. 7. Kjyhspfspd; Cf;fj;jpdhy; mwptpay; mwpQh;fs; ,ae;jpuq;fis fz;Lgpbj;jdh;. gpd;

INuhg;gpa ehLfs; FbNaw;wq;fis Ruz;bd. 8. Gjpa ,ae;jpuq;fspd; cjtpahy; kf;fs; nghUl;fis ngUkstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;jdh;.

2. njhopw;Gul;rpapdhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs; ahit? m) r%fj;jpy; Vw;gl;l jhf;fk; :

1. fpuhkg; gFjpapypUe;J kf;fs; njhopw;rhiyfs; ,Ue;j efuq;fSf;F <h;f;fg;gl;ldh;. 2. gy njhopy; efuq;fs; cUthapd. kf;fs; njhifg; ngUf;fj;jhy; Rfhjhu rPh;NfL Vw;gl;lJ.

3. gioa rKjhag; gphpTfs; mope;J “Kjyhspfs;> njhopyhspfs;” vd;w ,uz;L Gjpa gphpTfs; Njhd;wpd.

M) murpay; jhf;fk; : 1. ghuhSkd;w rPh;j;jpUj;jq;fs; Njitg;gl;ld. 2. 1825-Mk; Mz;L jq;fs; chpikfisg; Nghuhb ngw “njhopyhsh; rq;fq;fs;” Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld. 3. nghUshjhu mbg;gilapy; rkjh;kk; vd;w fUj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;jJ.

,) nghUshjhu jhf;fk; : 1. cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf Kd;Ndw;wkile;j ehlhf ,q;fpyhe;J cUthdJ. 2. Fbirj; njhopy;fs; MiyfSld; Nghl;bapl ,ayhky; ehsiltpy; ,ay;ghfNt mope;jd. 3. njhopw;Gul;rp “gzf;fhuid NkYk; gzf;fhudhf;fpaJ Vioia NkYk; Vioahf;fpaJ”

<) Gjpa nfhs;if : 1. nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp ngUfpaJ.

2. nghpa njhopw;rhiyfspd; cilikahsh;fs; nry;te;jh;fshapdh;. 3. Gjpa nfhs;ifapd; tpisthf „Kjyhspj;Jtk;‟ Njhd;wpaJ.

3. njhopw;Gul;rpapd;NghJ epfo;e;j Kf;fpa rpy mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfis Fwpg;gpLf. t.vz; njhopy;fs; ngah;fs; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; tUlk;

1. nerTj;njhopy; [hd;Nf gwf;Fk; ehlh 1738 vypah];N`hNt ijay; ,ae;jpuk; 1846

2. ,af;frf;jp [hh;[; ];Bgd;]d; Nghf;Ftuj;J ePuhtp ,ae;jpuk; 1814 ghuNl ildNkh 1831

3. epyf;fhp kw;Wk; ,Uk;G v/F njhopy;

`k;hp Nltp]; ghJfhg;G tpsf;F 1816 nghp];kh; ,Uk;G v/F cUthf;Fk;Kiw 1855

4. Nghf;Ftuj;J [hd;nkl;fhg; rhiy - [hd; nkf;fhlk; Mjk; rhiyfs; -

5. jfty; njhlh;G rh; nusyzl; `py; ngd;dp mQ;ry; Kiw 1835 rhKNty; Nkhh;]; je;jp mDg;Gk; Kiw 1836



Gtpapay;

1.jkpo;ehL - cw;gj;jpj; njhopw;rhiyfs;

gbf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. ,uz;lhk; epiyj; njhopyhd cw;gj;jpj; njhopy; jkpo;ehl;by; Ntfkhf tsh;e;JtUk; njhopyhFk;.

2. %yg;nghUs;fis KOikahd gad;ghl;Lg;nghUs;fshf khw;Wk; nray; cw;gj;jp vdg;gLk;.

3. xNu tpjkhd nghUl;fis cw;gj;jpr; nra;Ak; gy njhopw;$lq;fs; xU gue;j epyg;gug;gpy; mikAkhdhy; mit njhopw;rhiyfs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

4. njhopw;rhiyfis %yg;nghUs;> njhopy; chpkk;> %yjd msT> cw;gj;jpahFk; nghUs; Nghd;w fhuzpfspd; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jyhk;.

5. tptrhag; nghUl;fspid %yg;nghUshff; nfhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiyfs; tptrhak; rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiyfs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh gUj;jpahiy> rh;f;fiuMiy>

6. fhLfspypUe;J fpilf;Fk; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiyfs; fhLfs; rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiyfs; MFk;. v.fh fhfpjk; kw;Wk; fhfpjf;$o; Miy> re;jdg;nghUs; Miy

7. fdpk tsq;fisf; nfhz;L ,Uk;G cw;gj;jp> gPq;fhd; cw;gj;jp> rpnkz;l; cw;gj;jp nra;tjhy; ,it fdpkk; rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiyfs; MFk;.

8. jdpj;Njh my;yJ $l;L Nrh;e;Njh elj;jg;gLk; njhopw;rhiy jdpahh; njhopw;rhiy vdg;gLk;.

9. murhq;fj;jhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk; njhopw;rhiyfs; nghJj;Jiwapd; fPo; mlq;Fk;. v.fh jkpo;ehL nra;jpj;jhs; epWtdk; nghJj;Jiw epWtdk;

10. %yg;nghUis cw;gj;jpr; nra;Nthh; $l;lhf Xh; njhopw;rhiyia eph;tfpj;jhy; mjid $l;LwTj; Jiw vd;fpNwhk;.

11. ,UNtW epWtdq;fspd; $l;L Kaw;rpahy; nray;gLk; Xh; njhopw;rhiy ,izj;Jiwiar; rhh;e;jjhFk;. v.fh $lq;Fsk; mZrf;jp epiyak;

12. fl;likg;G trjpapYk;> %yjdj;jpYk; mjpf gz KjyPL nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiyfs; ngUepiy njhopw;rhiyfs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh ,Uk;G njhopw;rhiyfs;

13. xU Nfhb &gha;f;F Fiwthf KjyPL nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiyfs; rpW epiyj; njhopw;rhiy vd;w tifiar; rhUk;.

14. Fbirj; njhopy; vd;gJ kpff;Fiwe;j KjyPL nfhz;lJ. ,J ntspahl;fs; ,y;yhky; FLk;gk; KOikAk; Ntiyiag; gfph;e;J nra;Ak; njhopyhFk;. v.fh gha; gpd;Djy;> kug;nghUs; nra;jy;

15. njhopw;rhiyfspypUe;J Efh;Nthiu Neubahfr; nrd;wilAk; nghUl;fs; Efh;T nghUl;fs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh vspjpy; mOfpLk; ghy; kw;Wk; gpw czTg; nghUs;fs;

16. ,ilepiyg; nghUl;fs; vd;gJ Xh; njhopw;rhiyapy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l nghUis kw;nwhU njhopw;rhiy %yg;nghUshf gad;gLj;JtjhFk;. v.fh gUj;jp Miyfs;

17. kpfg;nghpa mstpy; cs;ehl;;Lj; Njitf;fhfTk;> ntspehl;L Vw;Wkjpf;fhfTk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLtJ mbg;gil nghUs;fs; MFk;. v.fh ,Uk;G> v/F> nea;ag;gl;l Jzp tiffs;

18. njhopy; miktplj;ijj; jPh;khdpf;Fk; fhuzpfs;: 1. %yg;nghUs; 2. vhprf;jp 3. %yjdk; 4. njhopyhsh; 5. Nghf;Ftuj;J 6. re;ij trjp

19. ,aw;if tsq;fshd ePh;> fdpkk;> vhprf;jp Nghd;wit xU njhopw;$lj;jpd; miktplj;ij jPh;khdpf;Fk; Kf;fpa fhuzpfshf cs;sd.

20. rpnkz;l;> gPq;fhd;> ngl;Nuhypag; nghUs; jahhpf;Fk; njhopw;$lq;fs; %yg;nghUs; fpilf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F mUfhikapy; mikfpd;wd.

21. nerthiyfs;> fhfpj cw;gj;jp> Njhy; nghUl;fs; cw;gj;jp> kpd; cgfuzq;fs;> Nkhl;lhh; thfdk;> jfty; njhopy;El;gk;> Rw;Wyh Mfpait jkpo;ehl;bd; Kf;fpa njhopy; JiwfshFk;.

22. gUj;jp E}y;> ,io kw;Wk; Jzp cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j cw;gj;jpapy; 25 tpOf;fhL jkpofj;jpd; gq;fspg;ghFk;.

23. Nfhak;Gj;J}h;> cLkiyg;Ngl;il> jpUg;G+h;> <NuhL> gthdp> jpz;Lf;fy;> jpUkq;fyk;> kJiu> ghisaq;Nfhl;il> ghgehrk; kw;Wk; Njdp Mfpait nerTj; njhopypd; ikag;gFjpfshFk;.



24. Nfhak;Gj;J}h; kz;lyk; kpfg;nghpa mstpy; nerTj; njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;sjhy; njd;dpe;jpahtpd; khd;nr];lh; vd;W miof;fpd;Nwhk;.

25. jpUg;G+h;> <NuhL> Nfhak;Gj;J}h; Mfpa khtl;lq;fs; nerTj; njhopypy; khepyg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; ngUk;gq;F tfpg;gjhy; jkpo;ehl;bd; nerTg;gs;sj;jhf;F vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

26. jkpo;ehl;bd; nerTj; jiyefuk; vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaiu f&h; efuk; ngw;Ws;sJ. 27. jkpo;ehl;by; fhQ;rpGuk; ghuk;ghpak; kpf;f nerTj; juj;jpw;fhf cyfnkq;fpYk; Gfo; ngw;Ws;sJ.

28. Muzp> ,uhrpGuk; kw;Wk; jpUGtdk; Mfpait Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gl;L nerT ikaq;fshFk;.

29. jkpo;ehl;by; nkhj;jk; cs;s 42 rh;f;fiu Miyfspy; 16 Miyfs; $l;LwT rq;fj;jhYk;> 3 Miyfs; murhYk;> 23 Miyfs; jdpahuhYk; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

30. tpOg;Guk;> flY}h;> NtY}h;> jpUtz;zhkiy> jpUr;rp> jQ;rhT+h; kw;Wk; kJiu khtl;lq;fs; rh;f;fiu Miyfs; mjpfKs;s khtl;lq;fshFk;.

31. nty;yk;> rh;f;fiu> fy;fz;L Mfpait fUk;gpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; cw;gj;jp nghUl;fshFk;.

32. rhW gpope;jTld; fpilf;Fk; fUk;Gr;rf;if fhfpj njhopw;rhiyf;F %yg;nghUshf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

33. czT gjg;gLj;Jjypy; jkpo;ehL kpfr;rpwg;ghf tsh;e;jpUf;fpwJ. v.fh khk;go ,urk; gjg;gLj;jg;gl;L Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

34. ,e;jpahtpd; fhfpj cw;gj;jpapy; Me;jpuhtpw;F mLj;jgbahf jkpofk; ,uz;lhk; epiyapy; cs;sJ. mjhtJ 12 rjtPjk; fhfpj cw;gj;jp jkpo;ehl;bw;FhpaJ.

35. jkpo;ehL nra;jpj;jhs; epWtdk; cyftq;fpapd; cjtpAld; 1979 Mk; Mz;L f&h; khtl;lj;jpy; GfSUf;F mUfhikapy; epWtg;gl;lJ.

36. ,e;jpahtpy; 70 rjtPjk; Njhy; gjdpLk; Miyfs; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;sd. ,J jkpo;ehl;bd; Kf;fpaj; njhopyhFk;.

37. mkpyg; nghUl;fs;> FNuhkpak; kw;Wk; kpUff; nfhOg;G nfhz;L gjdpLk; Kiwia <uepiyKiw my;yJ ,urhad gjdpLjy; Kiw vd;gh;.

38. nrd;id> NtY}h;> fhQ;rpGuk;> jpUth&h;> jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp> jpz;Lf;fy; kw;Wk; kJiu khtl;lq;fspy; Njhy; gjdpLk; njhopw;rhiyfs; gutpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

39. Njrpa mstpy; rpnkz;l; cw;gj;jpapy; ehd;fhk; ,lj;ijg; ngw;W> jkpo;ehL Rkhh; 10 tpOf;fhL rpnkz;l; cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ.

40. Rz;zhk;Gf;fy;> lhyikl;> [pg;rk;> fspkz;> epyf;fhp> Mfpait ,j;njhopw;rhiyapd; %yg;nghUl;fshFk;.

41. ,e;jpahtpd; 30% njhopy;fSf;Fk; 35% Ml;Nlh cghp ghfq;fs; cw;gj;jpf;Fk; nrd;idapy; njhopw;$lq;fs; mike;Js;sjhy; nrd;id njw;fhrpahtpd; nll;uha;l; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

42. ];gpf; jkpo;ehl;by; kl;Lky;yhJ ,e;jpahtpNyNa kpf mjpf mstpy; cuk; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiy MFk;.

43. Nehf;fpNah> gpsf;];l;uhdpf;];> Nkhl;Nlhuyh> rhk;rq;> rp];Nfh> Nkh]h; Ngah; kw;Wk; nly; Mfpa epWtdq;fs; kpd;Rw;W gyif kw;Wk; ifg;Ngrp jahhpg;G cw;gj;jpapy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;wJ.

44. ghuj cah;kpd; cw;gj;jpf; fofk; jdJ MW nghpa cw;gj;jp jyq;fSs; xd;iw jpUr;rpapy; epWtpAs;sJ.

45. ,e;jpahtpd; ,uz;lhtJ nkd;nghUs; Vw;Wkjpahsuhf jkpo;ehL mike;Js;sJ.

46. jkpo;ehl;by; jhd; mjpf mstpyhd ntsp th;j;jf nray;ghLfis ifahSjy; epfo;fpwJ. v.fh nrd;idapYs;s Kf;fpa Njrpa epWtdq;fshd ,d;Nghrp];> NghyhhP];> tpg;Nuh> n`r;.rp.vy;

47. rpq;fg;G+iu jiyikaplkhf nfhz;l m]d;lhy; epWtdk;> jkpo;ehL njhopy; tsh;r;rp fofKk; ,ize;J kpfg;nghpa jfty; njhopy;El;g tshfj;ij nrd;id jukzpapy; mikj;Js;sd.

48. nguk;G+h; ,izg;Gg; ngl;b njhopw;rhiy Mrpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa njhopw;rhiyfSs; xd;whFk;.

49. Mtbapy; cs;s fduf thfd njhopw;rhiy ,uhZt gPuq;fpfis cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ.

50. tpUJefh; khtl;lj;jpYs;s rptfhrpapy; gl;lhR> ntb tiffs;> jPg;ngl;b> tz;z tpsk;gu mr;R jahhpg;gjpy; Kjd;ikahf tpsq;FfpwJ.

51. rptfhrp kpfg;nghpa njhopy; gpuNjrkhf tpsq;Ftjhy; Fl;b [g;ghd; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

52. ntz;fyr; rpiy kw;Wk; ,irf; fUtpfs; jahhpg;gpy; jQ;rhT+h; kw;Wk; Fk;gNfhzk; rpwe;J



tpsq;FfpwJ.

53. nts;spj;jpiu kw;Wk; rpd;dj;jpiu jahhpg;gpYk; nrd;id> Kk;igf;F mLj;jgbahf ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ.

54. Rw;Wyhj;Jiw gyjug;gl;l kf;fSf;F Ntiy tha;g;Gfis ngw;W jUtjpYk;> me;epa nryhtzpia <l;b jUtjpYk; kpf Kf;fpag; gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.

55. kUj;Jt Rw;Wyh jkpo;ehl;bd; Kf;fpa kUj;JtNrit ikaq;fshy; nghpJk; tsh;r;rpAw;Ws;sJ.

56. =ngUk;GJ}h; njhopw;G+q;fh> ,Uq;fhl;Lf;Nfhl;il fhyzp G+q;fh> xuflk; njhopy; tsh;r;rp ikak; Nghd;w rpwg;G nghUshjhu kz;lyq;fs; jkpofj;jpy; cs;sJ.

57. nghJj;Jiw epWtdkhd khepy njhopy; Nkk;ghl;Lf; fofk; 1972y; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. ,J gy rpwpa> eLj;ju kw;Wk; nghpa njhopw;rhiyfSf;F tsh;r;rpf;F Cf;Ftpf;Fk; fhuzpahf cs;sJ.

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;): 1. jkpo;ehL nra;jpj;jhs; epWtdk;(TNPL) …………… Jiwahf ,aq;fp tUfpwJ.

m) jdpahh; M) nghJ ,) ,iz <) $l;LwT 2. fUk;Gr;rf;if …………….. njhopw;rhiyf;F %yg;nghUshf gad;gLfpwJ.

m) rh;f;fiu M) fhfpj ,) ,urhad <) thfd 3. ,e;jpahtpd; mjpf………………… cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdk; ];gpf; (SPIC)

m) ,urhadk; M) cuk; ,) ngl;Nuhy; <) rh;f;fiu 4. ……………… njhopy; kpff; Fiwe;j KjyPL nfhz;lJ.

m) ngUepiy M) rpWepiy ,) Fbir <) kj;jpa epiy 5. jkpo;ehl;by; ……… ghuk;ghpak; kpf;f jdpj;j nerT juj;jpw;fhf cyfnkq;fpYk; Gfo;ngw;wJ.

m) fhQ;rpGuk; M) Muzp ,) Nryk; <) jpUGtdk;

nghUj;Jf : 1. nrd;id - m) njd;dpe;jpahtpd; khd;nr];lh; 2. rptfhrp - M) njw;fhrpahtpd; nll;uha;l; 3. nguk;G+h; - ,) nerTj; jiyefuk; 4. f&h; - <) ,izg;Gg; ngl;b njhopw;rhiy 5. Nfhak;Gj;J}h; - c) Fl;b [g;ghd;

- C) ,urhad njhopy; - v) rpwg;G nghUshjhu kz;lyk;

FWfpa tpilasp : 1. njhopw;rhiyfis vt;thW tifg;gLj;jyhk; ? 1. %yg;nghUs; 2. %yjd msT 3. njhopy; chpkk; 4. cw;gj;jpahFk; nghUs;.

2. njhopw;rhiyapd; miktplj;ij eph;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ahit? 1. %yg;nghUs; 2. vhprf;jp 3. %yjdk; 4. njhopyhsh; 5. Nghf;Ftuj;J 6. re;ij trjp

3. rh;f;fiuj; njhopw;rhiyapy; cw;gj;jpahFk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; cgnghUl;fs; ahit? cw;gj;jp nghUl;fs; : nty;yk;> fy;fz;L> rh;f;fiu cgnghUs; : fUk;Gr; rf;if

4. fhfpjj; njhopw;rhiyf;F Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fis gl;baypLf. %yg;nghUs;fs; : %q;fpy;> Gw;fs;> fUk;Gr; rf;if

5. Efh;T nghUl;fs; vd;why; vd;d? njhopw;rhiyfspy; ,Ue;J Efh;Nthiu Neubahfr; nrd;wilAk; nghUl;fs; Efh;T nghUl;fs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh : ghy; kw;Wk; gpw czT nghUl;fs;

6. Fbirj; njhopy; gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G tiuf. 1. Fbirj; njhopy; vd;gJ kpff; Fiwe;j KjyPL nfhz;lJ 2. FLk;gk; KOikAk; Ntiyiag; gfph;e;J nra;Ak; njhopyhFk;. 3. cw;gj;jp nryTk;> msTk; FiwT. v.fh : Nfhiug; Gy;iyf; nfhz;L gha; gpd;Djy;> kug;

nghk;ikfs;> gidNahiyg; nghUl;fs;.

7. jkpo;ehl;by; gutpf; fhzg;gLk; nerthiyfs; miktjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ahit? 1. mad kz;ly fhyepiy 2. vspjhff; fpilf;Fk; %yg;nghUs;fs; 3. jlq;fyw;w kpd; tpepNahfk; 4. Fiwe;j Cjpaj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; njhopyhsh;fs;

tpilfs; 1. M 2. c 3. < 4. , 5. m



8. njhopw;$lk; kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiy NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lf. njhopw;$lk; njhopw;rhiy

jdp xU nghUis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiy njhopw;$lk; vdg;gLfpwJ.

xNu tpjkhd nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; gy njhopw;$lq;fs; Xh; gue;j epyg;gug;gpy; mike;jhy; mJ njhopw;rhiyahFk;.

v.fh. Fbirj; njhopy;fs; v.fh. ,yl;Rkp Miy> kJuh Nfhl;];

9. Ntshz;ik rhh;e;j kw;Wk; fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiyfis NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lf. Ntshz;ik rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiyfs; fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiyfs;

tptrha nghUl;fspid %yg;nghUshf nfhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiyfs; Ntshz;ikrhh;e;j njhopw;rhiyfs; MFk;.

fdpk tsq;fisf; nfhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiyfs; fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiyfs; MFk;.

v.fh : gUj;jp Miy> rh;f;fiu Miy v.fh : gPq;fhd; cw;gj;jp> rpnkz;l; cw;gj;jp

10. jhtug; gjdpLjy; Kiwf;Fk; ,urhadg; gjdpLjy; Kiwf;Fk; cs;s NtWghl;bid vOJf. jhtug; gjdpLjy; Kiw ,urhadg; gjdpLjy; Kiw Njhiyg; gjdpl jhtug; nghUshd kug;gl;ilfis gad;gLj;jp gjdpLk; Kiwf;F jhtug;gjdpLjy; Kiw vd;W ngah;.

mkpy nghUl;fs;> FNuhkpak; kw;Wk; nfhOg;G nfhz;L Njhiyg; gjdpLk; Kiwia <u epiy Kiw my;yJ ,urhadg; gjdpLjy; Kiw vd;fpNwhk;.

Njhy; mjpf ,yFj;jd;ikAld; ,Uf;Fk;. Njhy; mjpf ,Oitj; jd;ikAld; ,Uf;Fk;.

gj;jpastpy; tpilasp : 1. njhopy; chpkj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l njhopw;rhiyfs; gw;wp ePtph; mwptd ahit?

1. jdpj;Njh my;yJ $l;Lr; Nrh;e;Njh elj;jg;gLtJ jdpahh; njhopw;rhiyfs; vdg;gLfpwJ. 2. murhq;fj;jhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk; njhopw;rhiyfs; nghJj;Jiwapd; fPo; mlq;Fk;.

v.fh : jkpo;ehL nra;jpj;jhs; epWtdk; (TNPL) 3. %yg;nghUis cw;gj;jpr; nra;Nthh; $l;lhf Xh; njhopw;rhiyia eph;tfpj;jhy; mjid

$l;LwTj;Jiw vd;fpNwhk;. v.fh : rh;f;fiu Miyfs; 4. ,UNtW epWtdq;fspd; $l;L Kaw;rpahy; nray;gLk; xU njhopw;rhiy ,izj;Jiwiar;

rhh;e;jJ. 5. v.fh jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk; $lq;Fs mZrf;jp epiyak; ,e;jpah - u\;ah murpd; Kaw;rpahy;

epWtg;gl;ljhFk;.

2. jkpo;ehl;by; nerTj; njhopw;rhiyfspd; gutiy tpthp. m) jkpo;ehl;by; nerthiyfs; miktjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;:

1. mad kz;ly fhyepiy 2. vspjhff; fpilf;Fk; %yg;nghUs; 3. re;ijapy; gUj;jpf;fhd Njit 4. jlq;fyw;w kpd; tpepNahfk; 5. Fiwe;j Cjpaj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; njhopyhsh;fs;

M) ikag;gFjpfs; : Nfhak;Gj;J}h;> nghs;shr;rp> cLkiyg;Ngl;il> jpUg;G+h;> fhukil> <NuhL> gthdp> jpz;Lf;fy;> jpUkq;fyk;> kJiu> ghisaq;Nfhl;il> ghgehrk;> Njdp.

,) njd; ,e;jpahtpd; khd;nr];lh; : Nfhak;Gj;J}h; kz;lyk; kpfg;nghpa mstpy; nerTj; njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;sjhy; „njd; ,e;jpahtpd; khd;nr];lh;‟ vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

c) nerTg; gs;sj;jhf;F : jpUg;G+h;> <NuhL> Nfhak;Gj;J}h; Mfpa %d;W khtl;lq;fs; jkpo;ehl;bd; „nerTg; gs;sjhf;F” vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

C) nerTj; jiyefuk; : jkpo;ehl;bd; „nerTj; jiyefuk;” vd f&h; efuk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

3. jkpo;ehl;by; fhfpjj; njhopw;rhiyg; gw;wp vOJf : m) fhfpj cw;gj;jpapy; ,uz;lhk; ,lk; : ,e;jpahtpd; fhfpj cw;gj;jpapy; Me;jpuhtpw;F

mLj;jg;gbahf jkpofk; ,uz;lhk; epiyapy; cs;sJ. M) %yg;nghUs;fs; : %q;fpy;> Gw;fs;> fUk;Gr;rf;if ,) cg%yg;nghUs;fs; : Nrhlh> Nrhlh cg;G> FNshhpd;> fe;jfk;> kuf;$o;;> mjpfmstpy; jz;zPh;. <) fhfpj njhopw;rhiyfs; : Gf;fhj;Jiw> gthdp rhfh;> gs;spghisak;> Gf@h;> gukj;jp NtY}h;>

Nfhak;Gj;J}h;> cLkiyg;Ngl;il> njhg;gk;gl;b> epyf;Nfhl;il> Nrud;khNjtp.



c) TNPL : jkpo;ehL nra;jpj;jhs; kw;Wk; fhfpjk; epWtdk; (TNPL) cyf tq;fpapd; cjtpAld; 1979 -Mk; Mz;L f&h; khtl;lj;jpy; Gf@Uf;F mUfhikapy; epWtg;gl;lJ.

C) TNPL cw;gj;jp : 1. cyfpNyNa kpf nghpa Miyahf TNPL jpfo;fpwJ. 2. nra;jpj;jhs; jtpu fhfpjk;> njhiyNgrp ifNaL> fzpzp mr;Rj;jhs;> Rtnuhl;bj; jhs;fs; kw;Wk; efy; mr;Rj;jhs; cw;gj;jpapYk; ,e;epWtdk; <Lgl;Ls;sJ.

4. jkpo;ehl;by; rh;f;fiu njhopw;rhiyg; gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf. m) rh;f;fiu Miyapd; Mjhukhd fhuzpfs; : fhyepiy> kz;tsk;> ghrd trjp> Nghf;Ftuj;J>

re;ij kw;Wk; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l $l;LwT rq;fq;fs; Mfpad MFk;. M) jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s nkhj;j rh;f;fiu Miyfs; : 1. jkpo;ehl;by; nkhj;jk; 42 rh;f;fiu Miyfs;

cs;sd. mtw;wpy; 16 $l;LwT rq;fq;fspy; 3 murhYk;> 23 jdpahuhYk; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,) rh;f;fiu Miyfs; cs;s khtl;lq;fs; : tpOg;Guk;> flY}h;> NtY}h;> jpUtz;zhkiy> jpUr;rp>

jQ;rhT+h; kw;Wk; kJiu khtl;lq;fs; rh;f;fiu Miyfs; mjpfKs;s khtl;lq;fshFk;. <) fUk;gpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; cw;gj;jp nghUs;fs; : nty;yk;> fy;fz;L> rh;f;fiu Mfpait

fUk;gpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; cw;gj;jp nghUs;fs; MFk;. rhW gpope;jTld; fpilf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; fUk;G rf;if fhfpj njhopw;rhiyf;F %yg;nghUshf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

c) rh;f;fiu tshfq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gzpfs; : vhprf;jp cw;gj;jp> vj;jdhy; kw;Wk; jpR tsh; Ma;tfk;> vhp rhuhak; cw;gj;jp> jpR tsh;g;G Nrhjidf;$lk;> kz; ghpNrhjidf;$lk;> $l;Lcuk; jahhpj;jy; Nghd;w gzpfs; ,e;j xUq;fpize;j ikaq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.



2. Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; jfty; ghpkhw;wk;

gbf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. Nghf;Ftuj;J kf;fisAk; nghUl;fisAk; vspjhf Xhplj;jpypUe;J NtW ,lj;jpw;F nfhz;L

nry;y cjTfpwJ. 2. Nghf;Ftuj;J tiffs;: rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;J> ,Ug;Gg;ghij Nghf;Ftuj;J> ePh;topg;Nghf;Ftuj;J

kw;Wk; Mfha top Nghf;Ftuj;J

3. Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs;> khepy neLQ;rhiyfs;> khtl;l rhiyfs;> fpuhkr; rhiyfs; vd rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;J ehd;fhf gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

4. rhiyg;Nghf;Ftuj;J mYtyf ikaq;fspy; nrd;id mjpfg;gl;rkhf 61 ikaq;fis jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sJ.

5. tq;fhs tphpFlh fiuNahu gFjpapy; nrd;idiaAk; flY}iuAk; ghz;br;Nrhp topahf ,izf;Fk; fpof;F flw;fiu rhiy mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

6. Njrpa neLQ;rhiyapd; jq;f ehw;fu rhiyj;jpl;lk; jkpo;ehl;by; 1232 fp.kP njhiytpw;F mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

7. nrd;id Nfhak;Ngl;by; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gwefh; NgUe;J epiyak; MrpahtpNyNa kpfg;nghpa NgUe;J epiyakhFk;.

8. ,uapy;ghijfs; mfyg;ghij> kPl;lh; ghij> FWfpa ghij> Gwefh; ghij vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

9. nrd;id> <NuhL> Nfhak;Gj;J}h;> jpUney;Ntyp> kJiu> jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp kw;Wk; Nryk; Mfpait khepyj;jpy; cs;s Kf;fpa ,uapy;Nt re;jpg;GfshFk;.

10. njw;F ,uapy;Nt kz;lyj;jpd; MW Nfhl;lq;fs;: nrd;id> kJiu> Nryk;> ghyf;fhL> jpUtde;jGuk; kw;Wk; jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp

11. ePh;top Nghf;Ftuj;J kpf Fiwe;j nryTilajhFk;. ,J cs;ehl;L Nghf;Ftuj;J> fly; top Nghf;Ftuj;J vd ,Utifg;gLk;.

12. jkpo;ehl;bd; %d;W nghpa JiwKfq;fs; nrd;id> J}j;Jf;Fb kw;Wk; vz;Z}h; MFk;.

13. flY}h;> ehfg;gl;bdk;> Fsr;ry; kw;Wk; ,uhNk];tuk; Mfpait rpwpa JiwKfq;fshFk;.

14. tpOg;Guk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kuf;fhzj;ijAk;> Me;jpuhtpy; cs;s tp[athlhitAk; ,izf;Fk; gf;fpq;fhk; fhy;tha; jw;nghOJ mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,oe;Js;sJ.

15. Mfha top kf;fisAk; kw;w nghUl;fisAk; jghy;fisAk; Jhpj Ntfj;jpy; nfhz;L nry;Yk; tpiy cah;e;j khh;f;fkhFk;.

16. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s Kf;fpa gd;dhl;L tpkhd epiyak; mz;zh tpkhd epiyak; MFk;.

17. ,e;jpahtpy; Kk;ig> nly;ypf;F gpwF %d;whtJ nghpa tpkhdepiyak; nrd;idapy; mike;Js;s tpkhd epiyakhFk;.

18. vz;zq;fisAk;> jfty;fisAk; ghpkhwpf;nfhs;Sk; topKiwNa jfty; ghpkhw;wk; MFk;.

19. jdpg;gl;l jfty; ghpkhw;wk; vd;gJ mQ;ry;> Nrit> je;jp> njhiyNgrp> ,izajsk;> kpd; mQ;ry; kw;Wk; njhiyJ}u efy; MFk;.

20. nra;jp mr;Rj;Jiw> kpd;dZ Jiw Mfpad murhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk; nghJj;Jiw epWtdq;fshFk;.

21. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s mQ;ry; 12>115 mYtyq;fSk;> 3>504 mQ;ry; kw;Wk; je;jp mYtyfq;fSk; cs;sd.

22. ,e;jpahtpd; jfty; ghpkhw;wj;jpy; ghuj; rQ;rhh; epfhk; Kf;fpa Nrit nra;J tUfpwJ.

23. jkpo;ehl;by; 2>408 njhiyg;Ngrp ,izg;gfq;fSk;> 33>46>906 njhiyg;Ngrp thbf;ifahsh;fSk; cs;sdh;.

24. jdpahh; njhiyj;njhlh;G Nrit epWtdq;fshd ghujp ,d;/Nghnly;> lhlh> hpiyad;];> nthl/Nghd;> Vh;nry;> Ibah kw;Wk; A+dpehh;.

25. ghuj; rQ;rhh; epfhk; Nll;lh- xd;- gpuhl;Ngz;l; vd;w ngahpy; ,izajs trjpia toq;FfpwJ.

26. jkpo;ehl;by; jw;NghJ cs;s njhiyNgrpfspd; vz;zpf;if 3337087 MFk;.

27. ,e;jpa thndhyp xypgug;G 1927 Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; 1936 Mk; Mz;L mfpy ,e;jpa thndhyp vd;w ngaiug; ngw;wJ.



28. jkpo;ehl;by; 15 thndhyp xypgug;G epWtdq;fs; cs;sd.

29. thd;ntsp xspgug;GfspNyNa kpfg;nghpa Nrit njhiyf;fhl;rp xspgug;ghFk;.

30. vLrhl; %yk; gs;spf;$lq;fSf;Fk;> gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;Fkhd fy;tp epfo;r;rpfs; xspgug;gg;gLfpwJ.

31. INTRANET vDk; tiygpd;dy; %yk; jdpahh; epWtdq;fSf;F nrhe;jkhd cs;fl;likg;Gfs; %yk; Fwpg;gpl;l me;j epWtdj;jpYs;Nshh; kl;Lk; njhlh;G nfhs;s KbAk;.

32. ,e;jpa jfty; ghpkhw;wk; ,e;jpa Njrpa nraw;ifNfhs; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa njhiy Ez;Zzh;T nraw;ifNfhs; Mfpait %yk; eilngWfpwJ.

33. nraw;if Nfhs;fs; thdpiy Kd;dwptpg;gpw;Fk;> ,aw;if tsq;fspd; Nkyhz;ikf;Fk; cjTfpwJ.

34. nra;jpj; mr;Rj;Jiwapy; ,e;jpa nra;jp epWtdk;> Aidnll; epA+]; Mg; ,e;jpah kw;Wk; nra;jp jfty; Mfpad mlq;Fk;.

35. jfty; ghpkhw;w njhopy;El;gk; Ntiy tha;g;G kw;Wk; gy;NtW rhd;wpjo;fis kpd;mQ;ry; %yk; ngwTk; mDg;gTk; toptif nra;fpwJ.

36. kpd;th;j;jfk; %ykhf nghUl;fis thq;FtJk; tpw;gid nra;tJk; gad;ghl;by; cs;sJ.

37. njhiyj;njhlh;G kUj;Jtk; vspjpy; mZfKbahj gFjpapy; trpf;Fk; kf;fSf;F $l rhpahd Neuj;jpy; cldbahf Fzg;gLj;jf;$ba kUj;Jt Nritia mspf;fpwJ.

38. fzpdpapy; ,izajsk; %ykhf njhiyNgrp fl;lzk;> kpd;rhuf;fl;lzk;> gazr;rPl;L gjpT nra;jy; Mfpait nrYj;j KbfpwJ.

39. ,izaj;jsk; %yk; gq;Fr;re;ij %yk; gq;Ffis DMAT gbtj;jpy; thq;f/tpw;f KbfpwJ. 40. njhiyj;J}uj;jpy; cs;sth;fNshL tiyjs glk;gpbf;Fk; fUtp %yk; fye;jha;T tpthjj;jpy;

gq;Nfw;f KbfpwJ.

41. [p.gp.Mh;.v]; vDk; fUtp %yk; nra;jpfis thndhyp miyfspd; %yk; nrhe;j Fuy; nra;jpahf mDg;g KbAk;.

42. ifNgrp Nghd;w tbtpy; cs;s [p.gp.v]; vd;w fUtp gy;NtW nraw;if Nfhs;fspypUe;J rkpq;iffis ngw;W gy;NtW ,lq;fspd; Gtpapay; miktplq;fis njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ.

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;): 1. mQ;ry; JiwAk; je;jp NritAk; …………jfty; ghpkhw;wkhFk;.

m) jdpegh; jfty; ghpkhw;wk; M) nghJ jfty; ghpkhw;wk; ,) kpd; mQ;ry; <) Ntiy tha;g;G rk;ke;jg;gl;l ghpkhw;wk;

2. …………. vd;gJ Njrpa tsh;r;rpapd; capNuhl;lkhFk;. m) jfty; ghpkhw;wk; M) Nghf;Ftuj;J jpl;lk; ,) vOj;J gbtk; <) njhiyJ}uk; mwpjy;

3. fpof;F flw;fiur;rhiy …………… flw;fiug; gFjpNahukhf mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. m) mugpf;fly; M) ,e;jpag;ngUq;fly; ,) tq;fhs tphpFlh <) nrq;fly;

4. cyfj;jpy; kpfg;nghpa jiutopr; Nrit vd;gJ ……………… m) mfpy ,e;jpa thndhyp M) njhiyf;fhl;rp ,) njhiyj;J}uk; mwpjy; <) ,izajsk;

5. rpwpa JiwKfk; vd;gJ ………………… MFk;. m) nghUs; Nrkpj;J mDg;Gk; JiwKfk; M) thpr;rYif ngw;w JiwKfk; ,) eq;$uk; gha;r;Rk; trjp ngw;w JiwKfk; <) cah; miy JiwKfk;

nghUj;Jf : 1. jq;f ehw;fur;rhiy - m) rpwpa JiwKfk; 2. flY}h; - M) jdpahh; njhiyj;njhlh;G epWtdk; 3. [p.gp.v]; - ,) vOj;J gbtk; 4. gj;jphpf;iffs; - <) ,lk; Rl;Lk; fUtp 5. Vh;nry; - c) Njrpa neLQ;rhiy - C) muR njhiyj;njhlh;G epWtdk; - v) nghpa JiwKfk; FWfpa tpilasp : 1. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s gy;NtW tifahd rhiyfis $W. 1. Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; 2. khepy neLQ;rhiyfs; 3. khtl;lr; rhiyfs; 4. fpuhkr; rhiyfs;

tpilfs; 1. c 2. m 3. < 4. , 5. M



2. jdpahh; njhiyJ}u Nrit epWtdq;fs; vit vit? 1. lhlh 2. hpiyad;]; 3. NthlNghd; 4. Vh;nry; 5. Ibah 6. Adpehh;

3. jkpo;ehl;bd; %d;W Kf;fpaj; JiwKfq;fisf; $W. 1. nrd;id 2. J}j;Jf;Fb 3. vz;Z}h;

4. rpwpa JiwKfk; vd;why; vd;d? cjhuzk; nfhL. 1. rpwpa JiwKfq;fs; fg;gy;fs; eq;$ukpl;L nghUl;fis fg;gypypUe;J fiuf;F nfhz;L nry;y

cjTfpwJ. 2. cjhuzk; : flY}h;> ehfg;gl;bdk;> Fsr;ry;> ,uhNk];tuk;.

5. jkpo;ehl;bd; Kf;fpa gd;dhl;L tpkhd epiyaq;fs; vit? 1. nrd;id (mz;zh) 2. Nfhak;Gj;J}h; 3. jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp

6. v];.b.b. (STD) tphpthf;F. STD tphpthf;fk;: Subscriber Trunk Dialling

7. nghJ ,izajsk;> jdpj;j ,izajsk; NtWgLj;Jf. nghJ ,izajsk; jdpj;j ,izajsk;

midtiuAk; kpd;dZ tiyg;gpd;dy; %yk; xd;wpizf;Fk; ,izajsk;.

INTRANET vDk; tiyg;gpd;dy; %yk; jdpahh; epWtdq;fSf;F nrhe;jkhd cs;fl;likg;Gfs; %yk; Fwpg;gpl;l me;j epWtdj;jpw;Fs;Nshh; kl;LNk xUtUld; xUth; njhlh;G nfhs;s KbAk;.

fy;tpg;gzpapYk; kw;Wk; mwpthw;wiy ghpkhwpf; nfhs;tjpYk; Kf;fpag; gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.

cyfpYs;s mj;jid kdpjh;fSk; ve;j ,lj;jpypUe;Jk; jdf;Fj; Njitahd kw;nwhUtUld; njhlh;G nfhs;s KbAk;.

gj;jpastpy; tpilasp : 1. jfty; ghpkhw;w njhopy;El;gj;jhy; fpilf;Fk; gyd;fs; ahit?

1. jfty; ghpkhw;wk; jdpg;gl;lth;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; kl;Lk; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fhky;> th;j;jfk;> fy;tp Mfpatw;wpy; Jizf;Nfhs;fs; %yk; cjTfpwJ.

2. Ntiytha;g;G> gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; Nrh;f;if> gpwg;G / ,wg;G rhd;wpjo;fis kpd; mQ;ry; %yk; ngwTk;> mDg;gTk; toptif nra;fpwJ.

3. nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;tJk;> thq;FtJk; (kpd; th;j;jfk;) cgNahfj;jpy; cs;sJ. kUj;Jtk; vspjpy; mZfKbahj gFjpapy; trpf;Fk; kf;fSf;F kUj;Jt Nritia mspf;fpwJ. 4. njhiyNgrpf; fl;lzk;> kpd;rhuf; fl;lzk;> gazr;rPl;L gjpT nra;jy; Mfpait ,izajsk;

%yk; nrYj;j KbfpwJ. 5. ,iza jsk; %yk; gq;Fre;ij %yk; gq;Ffis DMAT gbtj;jpy; thq;f / tpw;f KbfpwJ.

,izajsj;jpd; %yk; njhiyJ}uj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; my;yJ Ma;T khehLfspy; tiyjs glk; gpbf;Fk; fUtp (Web Camera) %yk; fye;jha;T tpthjj;jpy; gq;Nfw;f KbfpwJ.

6. [p.gp.Mh;.v]; vDk; fUtp %yk; nra;jpfis thndhyp miyfspd; %yk; nrhe;j Fuy; nra;jpahf (Voice Mail) mDg;g KbAk;.

7. [p.gp.v]; vd;w fUtp gy;NtW nraw;iff; Nfhs;fspypUe;J rkpq;iffis (Signals) ngw;W gy;NtW ,lq;fspd; Gtpapay; miktplq;fis Njitg;gLk; gyUf;F njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ.

2. jkpo;ehL rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpy; rkPgj;jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s rpwg;ghd Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; ahit? 1. khepy neLQ;rhiyapd; xU topg; Nghf;Ftuj;J> ,U top kw;Wk; gytopr; rhiy

Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fhf khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2. milahhpYs;s kj;jpa ifyh\; vd;w gFjpapypUe;J gioa kfhgypGuk; rhiyapYs;s rpWNrhp

tiu 24 fp.kP. eP;;sj;jpw;F rhiy mfyg;gLj;jg;gl;L tpiuT topj;jlkhf khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. 3. nrd;idiaAk;> flY}iuAk; ghz;br;Nrhp topahf ,izf;Fk; fpof;F flw;fiur; rhiy

mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. 4. jq;f ehw;fu rhiyj;jpl;lk; jkpo;ehl;by; 1232 fp.kP njhiytpw;F mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 5. Gwefh; rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;J jlq;fs; Gwtopr;rhiyfs; %yk; jpUg;gp tplg;gl;Ls;sjhy;

Nghf;Ftuj;J nehpry; jtph;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 6. nrd;id Nfhak;Ngl;by; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gwefh; NgUe;J epiyak; MrpahtpNyNa kpfg;nghpa

NgUe;J epiyakhFk;. 7. Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; nry;Yk; topapy; ghyq;fSk; Nkk;ghyq;fSk; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.



3. Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik

gbf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. ,lh; vd;gJ mghafukhd epfo;thdJ ,aw;ifapdhNyh kdpjdhNyh Vw;gLk;NghJ fhaq;fs;>

caph; ,og;G kw;Wk; nghUl;Nrjk; Vw;gLtJ MFk;. 2. Nghplh; vd;gJ ngUk; nghUl;Nrjj;ijAk; mjpf caph; ,og;igAk; mNjhL ngUk; khw;wj;ijAk;

Vw;gLj;jf; $baJ.

3. NghpluhdJ ,aw;gpay; rhh;e;j ,lh;> ePhpay; rhh;e;j Nghplh;> fhyepiy rhh;e;j Nghplh;> kdpjdhy; Vw;gLk; ,lh; vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;.

4. Gtpapd; cl;Gw tpirapdhy; Gtp mjph;T> epyr;rhpT> Rdhkp kw;Wk; vhpkiy ntbg;G Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; ,aw;gpay; rhh;e;j ,lh;fs; MFk;.

5. gdpg;ghiw tPo;r;rp> nts;sk; Nghd;wit ePhpay; rhh;e;j Nghplh;fs; MFk;.

6. tspkz;ly epfo;Tfs;> tspkz;lyj;jpw;Fk; ngUq;fly;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gLk; nray; mjph;Tfshd mjpf ntg;gepiy> twl;rp> fhLfs; vhpjy;> R+whtspfs;> Gay;> miy Nghd;wit fhyepiy rhh;e;j Nghplh;fs; MFk;.

7. njhopw;rhiy tpgj;J> khRgLjy;> mkpy kio> rhiy tpgj;J> miz cilg;G> er;Rf; fopT frpT> Nghh;fs; Nghd;wit kdpjdhy; Vw;gLk; Nghplh;fs; MFk;.

8. 2004-y; ,e;jpag; ngUq;flypy; Vw;gl;l Mopg;NguiyAk;> 2008-y; rPdhtpy; Vw;gl;l epyeLf;fKk; ,aw;if NghplUf;F vLj;Jfhl;LfshFk;.

9. 1984-y; Nghghypy; ele;j Jau epfo;thd er;RthA frpT kdpjdhy; Vw;gl;l NghplUf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

10. Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik njhlh;r;rpahd jpl;lkply;> eph;tfpj;jy;> xUq;fpizj;jy; kw;Wk; nray;gLj;Jjypd; %yk; caph; kw;Wk; nghUs; Nrjj;ijAk; jLf;fyhk;.

11. Nghplh; Nkyhz;ikapd; gbfs;: 1. jahh; epiy 2. nghWg;Gzh;T 3. kPl;rpj;jpwd; 4. jzpj;jy;

12. ,e;jpag; Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik mikg;G : Njrpa Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik jiyth; - gpujkh; khepy Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik jiyth; - khepy jiyth; khtl;l Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik - khtl;l Ml;rpahsh; my;yJ khtl;l ePjpgjp Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik gphpT-FO - tl;lhu tsh;r;rp jiyik mYtyh; kw;Wk;

muR rhuh epWtd jiyik mYtyh; fpuhk Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik FO - gQ;rhaj;J uh[; kw;Wk; FOf;fs;

13. ,kakiy kz;lyk; Gtp mjph;TfisAk;> epyr; rhpTfisAk; vjph;f;nfhs;Sk; kz;lykhFk;.

14. Nghplh; epfo;tjw;F Kd;ghf jahh;epiyapy; cldb njhlh;G nfhs;s mUfpYs;s fhty; epiyak;> jPaizg;G Jiw> muRg; nghJ kUj;Jtkid Mfpatw;wpd; njhiyNgrp vz;fisg; gl;baypl;L itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

15. Nghplh; Vw;gLk; Kd;G kf;fSf;Fj; Njitahd nghUs;fs; fpilf;f Vw;ghL nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

16. epfo;tpd; jhf;fq;fs; Fiwf;Fk; midj;J nray;fSk; jzpj;jy; MFk;.

17. NghplUf;F gpd; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpfis eph;khzpj;jy; kw;Wk; kWrPuikg;G Nghd;w eltbf;iffis vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

18. ,e;jpahtpy; fly;JiwAk; mwptpay; El;gj; JiwAk;> tpz;ntspj;Jiw kw;Wk; CSIR ghpNrhjidf; $lKk; Kd; mwptpg;G Kiwfs; kw;Wk; mgha miyfs; gw;wp vr;rhpf;if tpLf;Fk; njhopy;El;gj;ij epWtp ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.

19. ntg;g miy> Fspuiy> Gay;> epyeLf;fk; Nghd;w Nghplh;fSf;F ,e;jpa thdpiy Muha;r;rp epiyak; nghJkf;fSf;F vr;rhpf;if mspf;fpd;wd.

20. ,e;jpa Njrpa fly; kw;Wk; jfty; Ma;T ikak; Rdhkp gw;wpAk;> ,e;jpa Gtp Ma;T ikak; epyr;rhpT gw;wpAk; nghJkf;fSf;F vr;rhpf;if nra;fpwJ.

21. nts;sk; gw;wpa vr;rhpf;ifia kj;jpa ePh;f;FOTk;> ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;w epWtdk; gdpg;ghiw tPo;r;rp gw;wpa vr;rhpf;ifiaAk; nghJkf;fSf;F jUfpd;wd.

22. fdkio> R+whtsp kw;Wk; gdp cUFjy; fhuzkhf jpBnud msTf;F mjpfkhf tope;NjhLk; ePiuNa nts;sg;ngUf;F vd;fpNwhk;. v.fh 2013-Mk; Mz;L cj;jufhz;l; khepy nts;sk;



23. Gay; vd;gJ tspkz;lyj; jho;T (my;yJ) Fiwe;j mOj;j gFjpahFk;. ,it kj;jpapy; Fiwe;j mOj;jKk; Rod;w fhw;Wk; nfhz;ljhFk;.

24. GayhdJ tlNfhshh;j;jj;jpy; fbfhu Row;rpahfTk;> njd;Nfhshh;j;jj;jpy; vjph; fbfhu Row;rpahfTk; tPRfpwJ.

25. kpfTk; mikjpahd> njspthd Nkfq;fsw;w Gaypd; ikag;gFjp Gaypd; fz;gFjp vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

26. jkpo;ehl;by; 13 flw;fiu khtl;lq;fs; Gayhy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

27. Gay;fs; vg;nghOJk; Ntff; fhw;iwAk; kio tPo;r;rpiaAk; nts;sg; ngUf;ifAk; miy vOr;rpiaAk; cilajhf tpsq;FfpwJ.

28. kiog;nghopT gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; ePz;l fhykhf epyTk; twz;l thdpiyia twl;rp vd;fpNwhk;.

29. njspg;G ePh; ghrd Kiw> nrhl;L ePh;ghrd Kiw> FopT Vw;gLj;jp ePh;Njf;Fk; Kiw> nraw;iff;Nfhs; %yk; gaphpLk; epyk; mwpjy; Nghd;w ePh;g; ghJfhg;G El;gq;fs; %yk; twl;rpapd; jhf;fq;fis Fiwf;f KbAk;.

30. Gtpapd; NkNyhL mirtJ my;yJ efh;tNj Gtp mjph;T vdg;gLk;. ,J Gtpapd; cl;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; Mw;wypdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ.

31. Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLjy;> caph; kw;Wk; nghUl;Nrjk; Nghd;wit Gtp mjph;tpdhy; cz;lhFk; ghjpg;GfshFk;.

32. Gtp mjph;T Njhd;Wk; ,lk; Gtp mjph;T ikak; vdg;gLk;. kpf mghakhd Gtp mjph;T 700 fp.kP.f;Fk; mjpfkhd Moj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

33. epyeLf;f ikaj;jpw;F Neh; vjpuhf Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; ,lj;ij ntspikak; vd miof;fpNwhk;.

34. Gtp mjph;tiyfspy; Kjd;ik miyfs; my;yJ ‘P’ miyfs; vdTk;> ,uz;lhk; epiy miyfs; „S‟ miyfs; vdTk; Nkw;Gw miyfs; „L‟ miyfs; vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

35. jkpo;ehL kpj kw;Wk; Fiwe;j mgha kz;lyj;jpDs; tifaPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

36. flypd; mbapy; Vw;gLk; Gtp mjph;Tfspdhy; mLj;jLj;J Vw;gLk; mjpf msT ePh; nfhz;l nghpa msT miyfs; Rdhkp vdg;gLk;.

37. Rdhkp miy xU kzp Neuj;jpy; 500 iky;fs; gazpf;ff; $bait. 24 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthd Neuj;jpy; ngUq;flw;gug;G KOtJk; gazpf;ff; $baJ.

38. 2004 brk;ghpy; ,e;jpag; ngUq;flypy; Vw;gl;l RdhkpNa ,d;W tiu Vw;gl;l Rdhkpfspy; typik tha;e;jJ vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

39. fhl;Lj;jP vd;gJ cyfk; KOtJk; Vw;gLk; xU nghpa Nghplh; MFk;. 40. caphpdg; gd;ikapd; ,og;G> ePh;r; Row;rp> xspr;Nrh;f;if > cly; ey ghjpg;G Mfpait fhl;Lj;

jPapdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fshFk;.

41. tpgj;Jfs;> njhopy;El;gtpaiy jtwhf gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Vw;gLk; tpisTfNs njhopyf kw;Wk; njhopy; El;gtpay; Nghplh; MFk;.

42. cw;gj;jp> Nghf;Ftuj;J> Nrkpg;G> gad;ghL kw;Wk; mfw;wg;gLfpd;w fopTfspy; jq;fp tpLfpd;w Ntjpf;fopT vd gy;Kid mgha Neh;Tfs; Vw;gLfpd;w ,lkhfj; njhopyfq;fs; MfpwJ.

43. Gtp mjph;tpd; NghJ Nkir my;yJ ehw;fhypapd; mbapy; nrd;W jd;idg; ghJfhj;J nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

44. jP tpgj;Jfs; ele;j ,lq;fspy; fhty; epiyak; my;yJ jPaizg;Gj;Jiw Mfpa njhiyg;Ngrpfis mioj;J clNd njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

45. njhopyf ,lh;fspd; NghJ Ntjpapay; nghUs;fis gw;wpa mwpT Nghpliuj; jzpf;f cjTk;.

46. rhiy tpgj;Jfisj; jLf;f 18 taJ epuk;gpa rl;lg;gb toq;fg;gl;l Xl;Leh; mDkjpr; rPl;L cs;sth;fs; kl;Lk; thfd Xl;bfshf mDkjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;): 1. Gtp ,aw;gpay; ,lh; ……………… tpirapdhy; cUthfpd;wJ.

m) Gtpapd; cs;sikg;G M) GtpGw mikg;G ,) Ez;Zaph;fs; <) ngUq;fly;fs; kw;Wk; tspkz;lyj;jpYs;s nray; vjph;T



2. Njrpag; Nghplh; Nkyhz;ikapd; jiyth;……………………… m) MSeh; M) FbauRj; jiyth; ,) gpujkh; <) Kjyikr;rh;

3. epfo;tpd; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;Fk; nray;ghL …………………… m) jahh; epiy M) nghWg;G ,) kPl;rpj;jpwd; <) jzpj;jy;

nghUj;Jf : 1. kdpjg; Gwf;fzpg;G - m) jpBh; gdpefh;T 2. epyr;rhpT vr;rhpf;if - M) thdpiy ,lh; 3. jkpo;ehL - ,) kj;jpa ePh;ts mikg;Gf; FO 4. cr;rntg;gepiy - <) kpjkhd Neh;T mjph;T kz;lyk; 5. gdpg;ghiw tPo;r;rp - c) kdpjdhy; cUthFk; Nghplh; - C) Gtp mikg;gpay; msit Jiw

FWfpa tpilasp: 1. Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik tiuaW.

1. jpl;lkply;> eph;tfpj;jy;> xUq;fpizj;jy; kw;Wk; nray;gLj;jypd; thapyhf caph;Nrjj;ijAk; nghUl;Nrjj;ijAk; jLf;fpwJ.

2. kf;fisAk; mth;fsJ cilikfisAk;> ghJfhf;Fk; topKiw.

2. Gaypdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfis jLf;Fk; topKiwfs; ,uz;L $Wf. 1. jq;Fk; trjp gilj;j tPLfs; mlq;fpa kz;lyq;fs; 2. rJg;Gepyf;fhLfs; tsh;g;G

3. twl;rpapd; jhf;fq;fis Fiwf;Fk; topKiwfs; vit? 1. njspg;G ePh; ghrdKiw 2. nrhl;LePh; ghrd Kiw 3. FopT Vw;gLj;jp ePh;Njf;Fk; Kiwfs;

5. nraw;ifNfhs; %yk; gaphpLk; epyk; mwpAk; Kiw 6. twl;rpia jhq;f $ba jFe;j gaph;fis Njh;T nra;jy;.

4. NtWgLj;Jf: ,lh;> Nghplh; ,lh; Nghplh;

,e;epfo;T ,aw;ifapdhNyh> kdpjdhNyh Vw;gLk; NfL

ngUk; nghUl;Nrjj;ijAk;> mjpf caph; ,og;igAk; mNjhL Rw;Wr;#oypy; ngUk; khw;wj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;Jk;.

fhaq;fs;> caph; ,og;G kw;Wk; nghUl;Nrjk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

kf;fspd; nghUshjhu r%f> fyhr;rhu gz;ghl;L tho;f;if Kiwapy; ngUk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;.

5. Rdhkpapdhy; Vw;glf;$ba Rw;Wg;Gwj; jhf;fq;fis vOJf. 1. flw;gFjpapy; cs;s ed;dPh;g; gFjpfspy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. 2. gaphplg;gLk; epyq;fspy; fly; ePiug; gba itj;J kz;zpd; juj;ij Fiwf;fpwJ.

6. fhLfs; vhptjhy; Vw;gLk; Rw;Wg;Gwj; jhf;fq;fs; ahit? 1. fhh;gd;-il-Mf;irbd; ntspNaw;wk; cyf ntg;g kakhjYf;F fhuzk; MfpwJ. 2. capupdg; gd;ikapd; ,og;G 3. ePh;r;Row;rp 4. xspr;Nrh;f;if nray;ghl;bd; FiwT 5. cly;eyk; ghjpg;G

tphpthd tpilasp : 1. Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik Row;rp - tpthp.

jahh; epiy : 1. Xh; ,lj;jpd; epy mikg;G> rhpTfs;> fhyepiyf;$Wfs;> kf;fs;njhif Nghd;w mbg;gilj;

jfty;fis typAWj;jy;. 2. Nghplh; Vw;gLk; gFjpfisg; gl;baypLjy; - Gtp mjph;thy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; kz;lyk;> Gayhy;

ghjpf;fg;gLk; kz;lyk;. 3. njhpe;j ,lq;fis milahsk; fhl;Ljy; - vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf milahh; kw;Wk; Ntsr;Nrhpg;

gFjpfs;. 4. Nghplh; Vw;gLk;nghOJ Kiwahd jpl;lkply;. 5. Nghplh; epfOk;nghOJ ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fSf;F ,lk; ngah;tjw;F milahsk; fhzy;.

nghWg;G : 1. Nghplh; Vw;gLk; Kd;G vr;rhpf;if tpLjy;. 2. Nghplh; epfo;Tg; gFjpapypUe;J ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fis NjLjy;> ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; ntspNaw;Wjy;. 3. kf;fSf;Fj; Njitahd nghUs;fisf; fpilf;f Vw;ghL nra;jy;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf czT>

cil> ,Ug;gplk;> kUe;J. 4. Nghplhpd; jd;ikia kjpg;gPL nra;jy;.

tpilfs; 1. c 2. C 3. < 4. M 5. m



jzpj;jy; : 1. epfo;tpd; jhf;fq;fis Fiwf;Fk; midj;Jr; nray;fSk; jzpj;jyhFk;. kPl;rpj;jpwd; : 1. jw;fhypff; FbapUg;Gfis mikj;Jj; jUjy;> kUj;Jtg; ghJfhg;G> MNyhrid toq;Fjy;>

cw;whh; cwtpdiu xd;W Nrh;j;jy;> epjp cjtp kw;Wk; gpw cjtpfs; nra;jy;. 2. ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpfis eph;khzpj;jy; kw;Wk; kWrPuikg;G nra;jy;.

2. ,aw;ifg; Nghplh; Kd; vr;rhpf;if nra;Ak; ,e;jpa epWtdq;fspd; ngah;fis vOJf. Nghplh; Jiwfs;

ntg;g miy / Fspuiy / Gay;/ epy eLf;fk;

,e;jpa thdpiy Muha;r;rp epiyak;

Rdhkp ,e;jpa Njrpa fly; kw;Wk; jfty; Ma;T ikak; epyr;rhpT ,e;jpa Gtp Ma;T ikak; nts;sk; kj;jpa ePh;f;FO gdpg;ghiw tPo;r;rp ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;w epWtdk;

3. Gay;fisg; gw;wp vOJf. 1. Gay; vd;gJ tspkz;lyj; jho;T my;yJ Fiwe;j mOj;j gFjpahFk;. 2. Gay;fs; mjd; kj;jpapy; Fiwe;j mOj;jKk;> Rod;w fhw;Wk; nfhz;ljhFk;. 3. Gtpapd; tlNfhshh;j;jj;jpy; ,f;fhw;W fbfhur; Row;rpahfTk;> njd;Nfhshh;j;jj;jpy; vjph; fbfhur;

Row;rpahfTk; tPRfpwJ. 4. kpfTk; mikjpahd> njspthd Nkfq;fsw;w Gaypd; ikag;gFjp Gaypd; fz;gFjp vd;W

miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 5. ekJ khepyj;jpy; 13 flw;fiu khtl;lq;fs; ,g;Gayhy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. 6. Gay;fs; Nk- [{d; kw;Wk; mf;Nlhgh; - etk;gh; khjq;fspy; Vw;gLfpwJ. 7. Gay;fs; vg;nghOJk; Ntff; fhw;iwAk;> kio tPo;r;rpiaAk;> nts;sg; ngUf;ifAk;> miy

vOr;rpiaAk; cilajhf tpsq;FfpwJ.



Fbikapay;

1. khepy muR

gbf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. ,e;jpah 29 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 7 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. nly;yp Njrpa

jiyefh; MFk;. 2. A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; Jizepiy MSeh; %yk; FbauRj; jiytuhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. 3. 1991-k; Mz;L murpayikg;G 69-tJ rl;lj; jpUj;jj;jpd; gb nly;yp Njrpa jiyefh; vd;w

epiyiag; ngw;wJ. 4. khepy muR rl;lj;Jiw> eph;thfj;Jiw> ePjpj;Jiw Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 5. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lk; 152 Kjy; 237 tiu cs;s rl;lg;gphpTfs; khepy murpd; eph;thfg;

gzpfis njspthff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. 6. murpayikg;gpd; 153 Kjy; 160 tiuapyhd gphpTfs; MSeh;fspd; epakdk;> jFjp> mjpfhuk;

kw;Wk; gzpfs; gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;wd. 7. khepy eph;thfk; MSeh;> Kjyikr;rh;> mikr;ruitiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 8. khepy eph;thfj;Jiw MSehpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; cs;sJ. murpayikg;G rl;lg;gb khepy murpd;

jiyth; MSeh; Mthh;. 9. Kjyikr;rh; jiyikapyhd mikr;ruit cz;ikahd eph;thf mikg;ghFk;. ,J khepy

rl;lg;Nguitf;F nghWg;ghdjhFk;. 10. ,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiyth; khepy MSeiu epakdk; nra;fpwhh;. ,tiu xU khepyj;jpypUe;J

NtW khepyj;jpw;F FbauRj; jiyth; khw;wk; nra;ayhk;. 11. khepy MSeh; ehlhSkd;wj;jpNyh rl;lkd;wj;jpNyh cWg;gpduhf ,Uf;f $lhJ. 12. MSeuhf epakpf;fg;gLgth; epakpf;fg;gLk; khepyj;ijr; rhh;e;jtuhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. 13. FbauRj; jiyth; gjtpf;fhyk; KbAk; Kd;Ng MSeiug; gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fyhk; my;yJ

gjtp ePl;bg;G nra;ayhk;. 14. murpayikg;G rl;lk; 164-tJ gphptpd;gb khepy rl;lkd;wj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ik nfhz;l fl;rpapd;

jiytiu Kjyikr;ruhfTk; mthpd; MNyhridapd; Nghpy; kw;w mikr;rh;fisAk; MSeh; epakdk; nra;fpwhh;.

15. khepy MSeh; rl;lkd;wj;jpy; rl;lNkyit cWg;gpdh;fspy; 1/ 6 gFjpapdiuAk;> rl;lg;Nguitapy; xU Mq;fpNyh-,e;jpa cWg;gpdiuAk; epakdk; nra;fpwhh;.

16. khepy rl;lkd;wk; epiwNtw;Wk; ve;j xU kNrhjhTk; MSehpd; xg;Gjy; ngw;w gpd;dNu rl;lkhFk;. 17. khepyj;jpy; rl;lk; xOq;F rPh;Fiye;J> muR nray;glhj NghJ FbauRj;jiyth; rl;lk; 356-I

gad;gLj;jp khepymuir fiyj;J Ml;rpia gpufldk; nra;tJ FbauRj;jiyth; Ml;rpahFk;. 18. rl;lkd;wk; eilngwhj rkaq;fspy; MSeu; gpwg;gpf;Fk; rl;lq;fs; mtru rl;lq;fs; vdg;gLk;. 19. mtru rl;lq;fSf;F MW thuj;jpw;Fs; khepy rl;lkd;wq;fspd; Vw;ig ngw Ntz;Lk;. 20. khepy murpd; Mz;L tuT-nryT jpl;lk; MSehpd; mDkjp ngw;w gpd;dNu rl;lkd;wj;jpy;

rkh;gpf;fg;gLk;. 21. khepyj;jpy; cz;ikahd eph;thf mjpfhuq;fis nray;gLj;JtJ Kjyikr;rh; kw;Wk; mtuJ

jiyikapyhd mikr;ruitahFk;. 22. rl;lg;Nguitapy; ve;jf; fl;rp my;yJ ve;j mzp ngUk;ghd;ik ngw;Ws;sNjh me;jf; fl;rpapd;

jiytiu MSeh; Kjyikr;ruhf epakpf;fpwhh;. 23. Kjyikr;rhpd; gjtp tpyfy; xl;Lnkhj;j mikr;ruitapd; tpyfyhFk;. 24. Kjyikr;rhpd; gzpfs;: 1. mikr;ruitia mikj;jy; 2. mikr;rh;fSf;F Jiwfis xJf;fPL nra;tJ 3. flik jtwpdhy; mikr;riu gjtp tpyff; NfhUjy; 4. gjtpf;fhyk; KbAk; Kd;dNu rl;lg;Nguitia fiyf;f MSeUf;F

ghpe;Jiug;gJ Nghd;wit MFk;. 25. rl;lg;Nguitapy; mikr;ruitapd; kPJ ek;gpf;ifapy;yhj; jPh;khdk; epiwNtw;wpdhy; Kjyikr;rh;

jiyikapy; nray;gLk; khepy mikr;ruit gjtp tpyFtJ xl;L nkhj;j nghWg;G vdg;gLk;



26. ngUk;ghd;ikahd khepyq;fspy; Xh; mitf; nfhz;l rl;lg;NguitfSk;> rpy khepyq;fspy; <uit nfhz;l rl;lkd;wq;fSk;(fPo; mit> Nky; mit) Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

27. rl;lkd;w Nkyit cWg;gpdh;fs; Mrphpah;fs;> gl;ljhhpfs; kw;Wk; cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspd; cWg;gpdh;fshy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.

28. 1988-k; Mz;L murpayikg;G rl;lk; 61tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; gb thf;Fhpik taJ 21ypUe;J 18Mf Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ.

29. Fbkf;fshy; Neubahf Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdh;fisf; nfhz;lJ khepy rl;lg;NguitahFk;

30. rl;lg;Nguitapy; mjpfg;gl;r cWg;gpdh;fspd; vz;zpf;if 500 MfTk; Fiwe;j gl;r vz;zpf;if 60MfTk; cs;sJ.

31. rl;lg;Nguitapy; jho;j;jg;gl;lth;fs; goq;FbapdUf;F rpy ,lq;fs; xJf;fg;gl;bUg;gij jdpj;njhFjp vd;fpNwhk;.

32. rl;lg;Nguitf;F jiyik tfpg;gth; mitj;jiyth; my;yJ rghehafh; Mthh;.

33. 30 taJ epuk;gpa ,e;jpaf; Fbkf;fs; rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpduhf jFjp gilj;jth; Mthh;.

34. rl;lNkyitapy; 1/ 6 cWg;gpdh;fs; ,yf;fpak;> fiy> mwptpay;> r%fr;Nrit Nghd;w Jiwfspy; rpwg;G mwpTk;> eilKiw mDgtk; cs;sth;fis MSeh; epakdk; nra;fpwhh;.

35. 1986> etk;gh; 1k; Njjp rl;l Nkyit jkpo;ehl;by; xopf;fg;gl;lJ.

36. rl;l Nkyitia elj;Jgth; Nkyitj; jiyth; Mthh;.

37. khepy rl;lkd;wk; khepy gl;bay; kw;Wk; nghJg;gl;baypy; cs;s JiwfSf;F Njitahd rl;lq;fis ,aw;WfpwJ.

38. epjp xJf;fPl;Lr;rl;l tiuT rl;lkd;wj;jpy; kl;LNk mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

39. epjpkNrhjh nfhz;L tUk;NghJ ika murpy; gpd;gw;Wk; KiwNa gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ. Ie;J epiyfshf %d;W Kiw gbf;fg;gl;l gpd; MSehpd; mDkjpAld; ,J rl;lkhFk;.

40. khepy eph;thfk; cah; mjpfhhpfisf; nfhz;l FOthy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

41. khepy eph;thf FOtpy; ,e;jpa Ml;rpg;gzp mYtyh;fs;> ,e;jpaf; fhty; gzp mYtyh;fs;> khepy muRg; gzpahsh;fs; FOthy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l rhh;epiy gzpahsh;fs; mlq;Fth;.

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;): 1. ,e;jpah ………………. cs;slf;fpaJ.

m) 26 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 6 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; M) 24 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 7 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; ,) 27 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 5 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; <) 29 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 7 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs;

2. khepy epUthfj;jpd; jiyth;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;……………………… m) Kjyikr;rh; M) FbauRj; jiyth; ,) gpujk ke;jphp <) MSeh;

3. MSeiu epakpg;gth; ………………… m) mikr;ruit M) mikr;rh;fs; ,) Kjyikr;rh; <) FbauRj; jiyth;

4. Kjyikr;riuAk; kw;Wk; kw;w mikr;rh;fisAk; epakpg;gth;……………… m) FbauRj; jiyth; M) gpujk mikr;rh; ,) MSeh; <) ePjpgjp

5. mtru rl;lq;fis ntspapLgth;……………… m) khepy rl;lkd;wk; M) Kjyikr;rh; ,) gpujk ke;jphp <) MSeh;

FWfpa tpilasp : 1. ,e;jpahtpYs;s khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; vz;zpf;iffs; ahit?

,e;jpahtpy; 29 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 7 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

2. ,e;jpahtpd; jiyeh; ahJ? ,e;jpahtpd; jiyefh; nly;yp MFk;.

3. mikr;ruit vt;thW mikf;fg;gLfpwJ? 1. khepy Kjyikr;rhpd; ghpe;Jiuapd; Nghpy; mikr;rh;fis MSeh; epakpf;fpwhh;. 2. rl;lkd;w njhFjpf;F Vw;g mikr;rh; epakpf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;.

4. “$l;Lg; nghWg;Gzh;T” vd;why; vd;d? rl;lg;Nguit mikr;ruitapd; kPJ ek;gpf;ifapy;yh jPh;khdk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lhy;> Kjyikr;rh; jiyikapy; nray;gLk; khepy mikr;ruit KOtJk; gjtp tpyf Ntz;Lk;. ,J $l;Lg; nghWg;Gzh;T vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.



5. khepy rl;l kd;wj;jpd; flikfs; ahit? 1. khepy rl;l kd;wk;> khepy gl;bay; kw;Wk; nghJg;gl;baypy; cs;s JiwfSf;F Njitahd

rl;lq;fis ,aw;WfpwJ. 2. khepyj;jpd; epjpr; rhh;e;j nray;fis rl;lg; Nguit fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.

gj;jpastpy; tpilasp : 1. MSehpd; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfs; ahit? MSehpd; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfs; :

1. khepy rl;lkd;wj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ik nfhz;l fl;rpapd; jiytiu Kjyikr;rhpd; mthpd; MNyhridapd; Nghpy; kw;w mikr;rh;fisAk;> MSeh; epakdk; nra;fpwhh;.

2. khepy murpd; jiyik tof;fwpQiuAk;> muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;T Mizaj;jpd; jiytiuAk;> kw;w cWg;gpdh;fisAk; gy;fiyf; fofq;fspd; Jiz Nte;jh;fisAk; epakdk; nra;fpwhh;.

eph;thf mjpfhuk; : 1. khepy murpd; nray;ghL Fwpj;J FbauRj; jiytUf;F mwpf;iffs; mDg;Gfpwhh;. 2. khepyj;jpy; FbauRj; jiyth; Ml;rp eilngWk;NghJ> khepy ep;Uthfj;ij Neubahf

Nkw;nfhs;fpwhh;.

epjp mjpfhuq;fs; : 1. MSeh; mDkjpapd;wp> epjp kNrhjhf;fis rl;lkd;wj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;j KbahJ. 2. JiwfSf;fhd khdpaf; Nfhhpf;iffs; MSehpd; ghpe;Jiuapd; Nghpy;jhd; rl;l kd;wj;jpy;

nfhz;L tuKbAk;.

ePjp mjpfhuq;fs; : 1. khepy cah;ePjp kd;wj;jhy; jz;lid ngw;w Fw;wthspfis kd;dpf;fTk;> jz;lidiaf;

Fiwf;fTk; my;yJ ePf;fTk; MSeh; mjpfhuk; ngw;Ws;shh;. 2. MSeh; jz;lidia mjpfg;gLj;j mjpfhuq;fs; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy.

gpw mjpfhuq;fs; : rl;lg;Nguit eilngwhj rkaq;fspy;> mtrur; rl;lj;ijg; gpwg;gpf;Fk; mjpfhuk; cz;L.

2. Kjyikr;rhpd; Kjd;ikg; gzpfs; ahit? 1. mikr;ruitia mikj;jy; 2. mikr;rh;fSf;Fj; Jiwfis xJf;fPL nra;tJ. 3. flik jtWk;NghJ mikr;rh;fis gjtp tpyff; NfhUjy; 4. MSeh; mwptpf;ifapd;gb> Jiwfis mikr;rh;fSf;F khw;wk; nra;tJ. 5. mikr;ruitapd; jiytuha; ,Ue;J> mikr;ruitf; $l;lq;fSf;Fj; jiyik jhq;FtJ. 6. MSeh; kw;Wk; mikr;rh;fSf;F ,ilNa njhlh;ghsuhf nray;gLjy;. 7. gjtpf;fhyk; KbAk; Kd;Ng rl;lg; Nguitiaf; fiyf;f MSeUf;F ghpe;Jiug;gJ.

3. mikr;ruitapd; mikg;G kw;Wk; flikfs; Fwpj;J tpsf;Ff. 1. khepy mikr;ruit khepy rl;lkd;wj;jpw;F nghWg;GilajhFk;. 2. mikr;ruhf epakpf;fg;gLk;NghJ rl;lkd;w cWg;gpduha; ,y;yhjth;fs; 6 khj fhyj;jpw;Fs;

rl;l kd;w cWg;gpduha; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 3. Kjyikr;rhpd; jiyikapd; fPo; midj;J mikr;rh;fSk; xU mzpahf nray;gLfpd;wdh;. 4. Kjyikr;rh; gjtpapy; ePbf;Fk; tiu mikr;rh; gjtpapy; ePbf;Fk;. 5. rl;lg;Nguit mikr;ruitapd; kPJ ek;gpf;ifapy;yh jPh;khdk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lhy;> Kjyikr;rh;

jiyikapy; nray;gLk; khepy mikr;ruit KOtJk; gjtp tpyf Ntz;Lk;. ,J xl;Lnkhj;j nghWg;Gzh;T vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.

4. rl;l Nkyitapd; cWg;gpdh;fs; vt;thW Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;? rl;l Nkyit:

1. rl;lNkyit cWg;gpdh;fs; kf;fshy; Neubahfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. 2. 30 taJ epuk;gpa ,e;jpa Fbkf;fs; rl;lNkyit cWg;gpduhf jFjp gilj;jth; Mthh;. 3. 1986Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; 1Mk; Njjp rl;lNkyit jkpo;ehl;by; xopf;fg;gl;lJ.

rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpdh;fs; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs;: 1. 1 / 3 cWg;gpdh;fs; cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspd; gpujpepjpfshy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. 2. 1/ 12 cWg;gpdh;fs; khepy gy;fiyf;fof gl;ljhhpfshy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. 3. 1 / 12 cWg;gpdh;fs; Mrphpah;fshy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. 4. 1 / 3 cWg;gpdh;fs; rl;lNguitapdhy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. 5. 1 / 6 ,yf;fpak;> fiy> mwptpay;> r%fr; Nrit> Nghd;w Jiwfspy; rpwg;G mwpTk;> eilKiw

mDgtk; cs;sth;fis MSeh; epakdk; nra;fpwhh;.



2. Fbkf;fspd; chpikfSk; flikfSk;

gbf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. 1976Mk; Mz;L 42tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; ehd;fhk; gFjpapy; jdpj;jiyg;gpy; Fbkf;fspd;

mbg;gil flikfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

2. murpayikg;G rl;lk; gFjp III, IV, kw;Wk; IV-A Mfpa %d;W gFjpfSk; xU [dehaf ehL cUthf mbg;gilahf cs;sJ.

3. r%f eyj;ijg; Ngzp fhg;gjw;fhf newpKiwf;Nfhl;ghLfs; gFjp IV-y; Ml;rpahsh;fs; kf;fSf;F Mw;w Ntz;ba flikfis tiuaWj;Js;sdh;.

4. ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; gb mbg;gil chpikfs;: 1. rkj;Jt chpik - gphpT 14 - 18 tiu 2. Rje;jpu chpik - gphpT 19 - 22 tiu 3. Ruz;lYf;nfjpuhd chpik - gphpT 23 - 24 tiu 4. rka Rje;jpu chpik - gphpT 25 - 28 tiu 5. gz;ghL kw;Wk; fy;tp chpik - gphpT 29 - 30 tiu 6. murpayikg;gpw;F jPh;T fhZk; chpik - gphpT 32

5. rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkk;> rl;lhPjpahf midtUk; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ rkj;Jt chpik MFk;.

6. rkj;Jt chpik ruj;J 15d;gb rkak;> rhjp> ghy;> ,dk; kw;Wk; epwk; mbg;gilapy; vtiuAk; NtWgLj;jf;$lhJ.

7. ,uhZtk; kw;Wk; fy;tp jtpu muR mDkjpapd;wp ngWk; gpw gl;lq;fis jilnra;jiy rkj;Jt chpik ruj;J 18 $WfpwJ.

8. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lg;gphpT 19 Fbkf;fSf;F MW tifahd Rje;jpu chpikfis toq;FfpwJ.

9. Ngr;R kw;Wk; fUj;Jfis ntspapLk; chpik> ,e;jpahtpd; vg;gFjpf;Fk; nry;Yk; chpik> ve;jj; njhopiyAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; chpik Nghd;w chpikfs; cs;sd.

10. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lg;gphpT 20-d; gb xUtiuj; jFe;j fhuzkpd;wp ifJ nra;tjw;F jil tpjpf;fpwJ.

11. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lk; gphpT-21 jdp kdpj tho;T kw;Wk; jdpkdpj Rje;jpuj;ij cWjp nra;fpwJ.

12. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lg;gphpT 22-d; gb vtiuAk; tprhuizapd;wp ifJ nra;af; $lhJ.

13. ifJ nra;ag;gl;lth;fs; rl;l ty;Yeh;fis fye;jhNyhrpf;fTk;> ifJ nra;ag;gl;l 24 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs; ePjpgjp Kd; M[h;gLj;jTk; murpayikg;G rl;lg;gphpT ghJfhg;G mspf;fpwJ.

14. xUtiu fl;lhakhfNth my;yJ Cjpakpd;wpNah Ntiy nra;a itj;jy; $lhJ vd;W ,e;jpa murpayikg;G 23tJ rl;lg;gphpT $WfpwJ.

15. 14-tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfis> njhopw;rhiy kw;Wk; Ruq;f njhopypy; <LgLj;Jtijj; jilr; nra;a gphpT 24 tif nra;fpwJ.

16. ,e;jpah rka rhh;gw;w ehL vd;gjhy; muRf;F jdpkjk; ,y;iy.

17. gphpT 25-y; kjj;ij gug;Gtjw;fhd Rje;jpuKk; cz;L vd;gij cWjp nra;fpwJ.

18. kjr;rhh;ghd epWtdq;fis epWtTk;> elj;jTk; jh;kg;gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; gphpT-26 tif nra;fpwJ.

19. gphpT 29 rpWghd;ikapdh; nkhop> vOj;J gz;ghl;ilg; ghJfhf;fpwJ.

20. Fbkf;fspd; chpikfs; kPwg;gLk;NghJ Nehpilahf kf;fs; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;Ffs; njhlh;e;J ghJfhg;gpidg; ngw gphpT 32 cjTfpwJ.

21. gphpT 21-A 2009 6 Kjy; 14 tajpw;Fl;gl;lth;fSf;F ,ytr fl;lhaf; fy;tp mspf;f tif nra;fpwJ.

22. 1976 -Mk; Mz;L nfhz;L tug;gl;l 42-tJ murpayikg;G rl;l jpUj;jj;jpd;gb ,e;jpa murpay; rl;lk; gFjp IV-A gphpT 51-A ,y; ,e;jpa Fbkf;fspd; flikfis typAWj;JfpwJ.

23. xt;nthU ,e;jpaDk; kjk;> nkhop> ,dk;> tFg;G Ntw;Wikfis Jwe;J rNfhju czh;Tld; Njrpa xw;Wikia Xq;fr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.



24. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G gFjp IV 36 Kjy; 51 tiu tiu cs;s gFjpapy; ehl;il top elj;j muR newpKiwf;Nfhl;ghLfis toq;fpAs;sJ.

25. murpd; newpKiwf;Nfhl;ghLfs; murpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;> murpd; jpl;lq;fis tbtikg;gJ> midj;J Fbkf;fSf;Fk; ghugl;rkpd;wp nray;gLtJ vd;wthW tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

26. kf;fs; eyid mila muR Mz;> ngz; midtUf;Fk; rkkhd Ntiytha;g;G> rk Cjpak;> epahakhd gq;fPL Nghd;wtw;iw gpd;gw;wNtz;Lk;.

27. muR newpKiwfis nray;gLj;j fpuhk gQ;rhaj;Jfis cUthf;fp mit jd;dhl;rp mikg;Gfshf nray;glr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

28. Foe;ijfisAk;> ,isQh;fisAk; Ruz;lypypUe;Jk; xOf;ff; NfLfspypUe;Jk; murhdJ ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;.

29. Ntiyaw;Nwhh;> KjpNahh;> gpzpahsh; MfpNahUf;F muR cjtp mspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf (Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;): 1. Fbkf;fspd; mbg;gil flikfs; gw;wp tpsf;Fk; murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; ………

m) 42 M) 45 ,) 48 <) 52 2. mbg;gil chpikfs; …………. jiyg;Gfspy; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

m) 8 M) 5 ,) 6 <) 7 3. ,e;jpah xU ………………… ehL.

m) rka rhh;Gs;s M) rka rhh;gw;w ,) ,e;J <) fpwp];jt 4. rpWghd;ikapdh; fy;tp epWtdq;fis mDkjpf;Fk; murpayikg;Gr; rl;lg;gphpT…………..

m) 40 M) 30 ,) 50 <) 60 5. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lg;gphpT gj;njhd;gJ Fbkf;fSf;F …………… chpikfis toq;FfpwJ.

m) 7 M) 9 ,) 6 <) 5

FWfpa tpilasp : 1. mbg;gil chpikfis gw;wp RUf;fkhf tiuf.

rkj;Jt chpik> Rje;jpu chpik> Ruz;lYf;nfjpuhd chpik> Rje;jpu chpik> gz;ghl;L kw;Wk; fy;tp chpik> murpayikg;gpw;F jPh;T fhZk; chpik Mfpad mbg;gil chpikfs; MFk;.

2. kjr;rhh;ghd chpik vd;why; vd;d? 1. gphpT 25-,y; kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;wTk; gug;Gtjw;fhd Rje;jpuKk; cz;L. 2. gphpT 26> kjr;rhh;ghd epWtdq;fis epWtTk;> elj;jTk; jh;kg;gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk;

cWjpaspf;fpwJ.

3. newpKiwf; Nfhl;ghLfs; vd;why; vd;d? 1. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G ehl;il topelj;j muR newpKiwf; Nfhl;ghLfis toq;fpAs;sJ. 2. gFjp IV 36 Kjy; 51 tiu cs;s gFjpapy; newpKiwf; Nfhl;ghLfs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

4. ePjpg;Nguhizfs; gw;wp rpWFwpg;G tiuf. 1. cr;r ePjpkd;wk; kw;Wk; cah;ePjpkd;wk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; ePjpMizfs; ePjp Nguhizfs; vdg;gLk;. 2. Ml;nfhzh; ePjpg;Nguhiz> fl;lis ePjpg;Nguhiz> tof;F tprhuiz jil Miz Nghd;w

cj;juTfis ePjpkd;wq;fs; gpwg;gpf;fyhk;.

gj;jpastpy; tpilasp : 1. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpy; cWjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;s mbg;gil flikfs; gw;wp tpthp.

1. xt;nthU ,e;jpaf; FbkfDk; murpay; rl;lk;> Njrpa rpd;dk;> Njrpaf;nfhb kw;Wk; Njrpa fPjj;jpw;F kjpg;G mspj;jy;.

2. ehl;bd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf nray;gLjy; 3. ek;Kila gz;ghL> gd;Kfg; ghuk;ghpaf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; Nkd;ikia kjpj;jy; 4. ehl;bd; ,iwahz;ik> xw;Wik kw;Wk; xUikg;ghl;il ghJfhj;jy; 5. ,aw;if tsq;fisAk;> Rw;Wr;R+oiyAk; ghJfhj;J Nkk;gLj;Jjy; 6. mwptpay; kdg;ghd;ik kw;Wk; kdpj Neak; tsh;j;jy; 7. nghJr;nrhj;Jfis ghJfhj;jy;

2. muR newpKiwf;Nfhl;ghLfisg; gw;wp tpsf;Ff. muR newpKiwf; Nfhl;ghLfs my;yJ topfhl;Lk; Nfhl;ghLfs; : 1. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G> ehl;il topelj;j muR newpKiwf; Nfhl;ghLfis toq;fpAs;sJ. 2. gFjp IV, 36 Kjy; 51 tiu cs;s gFjpapy; newpKiwf; Nfhl;ghLfs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.



kf;fs; eyid mila muR gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;ba newpKiwfs; : 1. r%f> nghUshjhu murpay; ePjp ngWtJ. 2. midj;J mikg;GfspYk; kf;fs; eyidf; fhf;f> tUtha; Vw;wj; jho;it ePf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3. Mz;> ngz; midtUf;Fk; rkkhd Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; rk Cjpak; cly;eyj;jpw;F jPq;F

tpistpf;fhj Ntiytha;g;G mspj;jy;.

muR jpl;lq;fisr; nray;gLj;Jk; newpKiwfs; : 1. nghUshjhu chpikfis ngWjy;. 2. rkePjpAk;> ,ytr rl;l cjtpAk; mspj;jy;. 3. ,ytr kw;Wk; fl;lha Muk;gf; fy;tp mspj;jy;. 4. Nghijg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; kJit jil nra;jy;. 5. Fbirj; njhopy;fis Cf;Ftpj;jy;.



nghUspay;

1.,e;jpa &gha; Nehl;L

gbf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. ,e;jpa &gha; Nehl;lhdJ $ohf;fg;gl;l gUj;jpapypUe;J jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;j jhshy;

jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ. vdNt njhl;Lg;ghh;j;Jk;> glglntd rj;jk; cz;lhtij itj;Jk; mwpayhk;.

2. fs;s Nehl;lhdJ rhjhuz fhfpjk; MFk;. Nehl;il njhl;Lg;ghh;j;J jbkidAk; juj;ijAk; itj;Jf; fz;Lgpbj;J tplyhk;.

3. ,e;jpa &gha; Nehl;bd; thpir vz;fs; Gw Cjh tpsf;nfhspapy; xspUk; tz;zk; xspUk; ikapdhy; mr;rbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

4. fs;s Nehl;by; thpir vz;fs; ntt;NtW tpjkhd ,ilntspapYk;> Gw Cjhf; fjph;fspy; xspuhj tz;zKk; ,Uf;Fk;.

5. ,e;jpa &gha; Nehl;Lfis rw;Nw rha;j;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; gr;ir epwk; ePy epwkhfj; njhpAk;.

6. fs;s Nehl;Lfspy; gr;ir epwk; ePy epwkhfj; njhpahJ. ,J fs;sNehl;il cWjpgLj;Jk; Ma;Tfspy; ,J Kf;fpakhd topKiwahFk;.

7. kfhj;kh fhe;jp glj;jpw;F ,lg;Gwk; ,Uf;Fk; ,io rhsuk; rhsukhfj; njhpAk;. ntspapy; ghjp njhpe;Jk; cs;Ns ghjp nghjpe;Jk; ,Uf;Fk;.

8. fs;s Nehl;bd; ghJfhg;G ,ioapy; nts;sp epwg; ngapz;l; xl;lg;gl;bUg;gjhy; epwk; khWk; jd;ik ,Uf;fhJ.

9. ,e;jpa &gha; Nehl;by; xsp xJf;f Kiwapy; kfhj;kh fhe;jp cUtk; efnyLf;f Kbahj gy;jpirf; NfhLfshf njhpAk;.

10. ,e;jpa &gha; Nehl;L jahhpf;Fk; epiyapNyNa ePh;f;FwpaPL Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

$Ljy; tpdh: 1. ey;y &gha; Nehl;bw;Fk; fs;s&gha; Nehl;bw;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfis vt;thW fz;Lgpbg;gPh;fs;?

fz;Lgpbf;f vspa topfs;

ey;y &gha; Nehl;L fs;s &gha; Nehl;L

1. fhfpjk; $ohf;fg;gl;l gUj;jpapypUe;J jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;j jhshy; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ

rhjhuz fhfpjk;

2. thpir vz;fs; thpir vz;fs; Gw Cjh tpsf;nfhspapy; xspUk; tz;zk; xspUk; ikapdhy; mr;rbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

thpir vz;fs; ntt;NtW tpjkhd ,ilntspapYk;> Gw Cjhf; fjph;fspy; xspuhj tz;zKk; ,Uf;Fk;

3. epwk; khWk; ik

&gha; Nehl;Lfis rw;Nw rha;j;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; gr;ir epwk; ePy epwkhfj; njhpAk;.

gr;ir epwk; ePy epwkhfj; njhpahJ.

4. ghJfhg;G ,io kfhj;kh fhe;jp glj;jpw;F ,lg;Gwk; ,Uf;Fk; ,io rhsuk; rhsukhfj; njhpAk;. ntspapy; ghjp njhpe;Jk; cs;Ns ghjp nghjpe;Jk; ,Uf;Fk;.

fs;s Nehl;bd; ghJfhg;G ,ioapy; nts;sp epwg; ngapz;l; xl;lg;gl;bUg;gjhy; epwk; khWk; jd;ik ,Uf;fhJ.

5. ePh;f;FwpaPL ,e;jpa &gha; Nehl;by; xsp xJf;f Kiwapy; kfhj;kh fhe;jp cUtk; efnyLf;f Kbahj gy;jpirf; NfhLfshf njhpAk;

kfhj;kh fhe;jp glk; njspthf ,y;yhky; fhh;l;^d; glk; Nghy njhpAk;.



njhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL ,uz;lhk; gUtj;Njh;T khjpup tpdhj;jhs;

9-k; tFg;G - r%f mwptpay; fhyk;: 2.30 kzp kjpg;ngz;fs;: 60 I. rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. 13x1=13

1. JUf;fpah;fshy; fhd;];lhd;b Nehgps; ifg;gw;wg;gl;l Mz;L ………. m) fp.gp.1452 M) fp.gp.1453 ,) fp.gp.1458 <) fp.gp.1353

2. Nkhdyprh vd;w Gfo;ngw;w Xtpaj;ij jPl;bath; …….. m) ikf;Nfy; VQ;rNyh M) uhNgy; ,) jpjpad; <) ypahdhh;Nlh-lhtpd;rp

3. njhopw;Gul;rpapd; jhafk; ………. m) mnkhpf;f If;fpa ehLfs; M) gpuhd;R ,) ,q;fpyhe;J <) n[h;kdp

4. fpNul; gphpl;ld; xU ……… m) jPgfw;gk; M) jPT ,) ghiytdk; <) kiy

5. fUk;Gr;rf;if ……….njhopw;rhiyf;F %yg;nghUshfg; gad;gLfpwJ. m) rh;f;fiu M) fhfpj ,) ,urhad <) thfd

6. ,e;jpahtpd; kpf mjpf …….. cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdk; ];gpf; (SPIC) m) ,urhadk; M) cuk; ,) ngl;Nuhy; <) rh;f;fiu

7. fpof;F flw;fiur; rhiy ……. flw;fiug; gFjpNahukhf mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. m) mugpf;fly; M) ,e;jpag;ngUq;fly; ,) tq;fhs tphpFlh <) nrq;fly;

8. cyfj;jpd; kpfg;nghpa jiutopr;Nrit ……… m) mfpy ,e;jpa thndhyp M) njhiyf;fhl;rp ,) njhiyJ}uk; mwpjy; <) ,izajsk;

9. Njrpa Nghplh; Nkyhz;ikapd; jiyth; …….. m) MSeh; M) FbauRj; jiyth; ,) gpujkh; <) Kjyikr;rh;

10. MSeiu epakpg;gth;………. m) mikr;ruit M) mikr;rh;fs; ,) Kjyikr;rh; <) FbauRj;jiyth;

11. ,e;jpah ………. cs;slq;fpaJ. m) 26 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 6 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; M) 24 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 7 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; ,) 27 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 5 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; <) 29 khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; 7 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs;

12. mbg;gil chpikfs; ……… jiyg;Gfspy; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. m) 8 M) 5 ,) 6 <) 7

13. ,e;jpah xU………..ehL. m) rka rhh;Gs;s M) rka rhh;gw;w ,) ,e;J <) fpwp];Jt

II. nghUj;Jf. 5x1=5 14. ikf;Nfy; VQ;rNyh - ghJfhg;G tpsf;F 15. ̀ k;ghp Nltp - ,Wjp jPh;g;G 16. nguk;G+h; - kpjkhd Neh;T mjph;T kz;lyk; 17. [p.gp.v]; - ,izg;G ngl;b njhopw;rhiy 18. jkpo;ehL - ,lk; Rl;Lk; fUtp

III. RUf;fkhd tpilasp. (vitNaDk; ,uz;bw;F)(tuyhW) 7x2=14 19. kWkyh;r;rp fhy Xtpaq;fs; gw;wp rpWFwpg;G tiuf. 20. khYkp n`d;wp gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf. 21. njhopy;Gul;rp vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? 22. fhh;y;khh;f;]; vd;gth; ahh;? mtuJ nfhs;if ahJ?



vitNaDk; %d;wpw;F tpilasp. (Gtpapay;) 23. njhopw;rhiyapd; miktplj;ij eph;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ahit? 24. Fbirj; njhopy; gw;wp rpWFwpg;G tiuf. 25. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s gy;NtW tifahd rhiyfisf; $Wf. 26. jkpo;ehl;bd; Kf;fpa gd;dhl;L epiyaq;fs; vit? 27. Nghplh; Nkyhz;ik-tiuaW. VNjDk; ,uz;bw;F tpilasp. (Fbikapay;) 28. khepy rl;lkd;wj;jpd; flikfs; ahit? 29. ,e;jpahtpYs;s khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fspd; vz;zpf;iffs; ahit? 30. mbg;gil chpikfs; ahit? 31. kjr;rhh;ghd chpik vd;why; vd;d? IV. vitNaDk; ,uz;il NtWgLj;Jf. 2x2=4 32. njhopw;$lk ; - njhopw;rhiy 33. Ntshz;ik rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiy - fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopw;rhiy 34. nghJ ,izajsk ; - jdpj;j ,izajsk; 35. ,lh; - Nghplh; V. jiyg;G tpdh (VNjDk; xd;W kl;Lk;) 1x4=4 36. ,j;jhypapy; kWkyh;r;rp

m) INuhg;ghtpd; gs;sp vd;W miof;fg;gLk; ehL vJ? M) kWkyh;r;rp fhy fiyapd; Kd;Ndhb ahh;? ,) kdpj clyikg;G gw;wpa VO E}y;fs; vd;w E}iy vOjpath; ahh;? <) tz;zj;jpy; Gfo;ngw;wth; ahh;?

37. rf;jpfspd; fz;Lgpbg;G m) 1769y; Gjpa ePuhtp ,ae;jpuj;ij fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;? M) ghJfhg;G tpsf;if fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;? ,) 1855y; nghp];kh; vjidf; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;? <) J}a ,Uk;G v/F cUf;Fk; Kiwia fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;?

VI. tphpthd tpilasp. 2x5=10 38. m) njhopw;Gul;rpapdhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs; ahit? (my;yJ)

M) Kjyikr;rhpd; Kjd;ikg; gzpfs; ahit? 39. m) jfty; ghpkhw;w njhopy; El;gj;jhy; fpilf;Fk; gyd;fs; ahit? (my;yJ)

M) Gay;fisg; gw;wp vOJf.

VII. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lq;fis cyf tiuglj;jpy; Fwpf;f. 5x1=5 40. 1. INuhg;gh 2. Nghh;r;Rf;fy;

3. ed;dk;gpf;if Kid 4. ,e;jpag;ngUq;fly; 5. rPdh

VIII.nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lq;fis jkpo;ehL tiuglj;jpy; Fwpf;f. 5x1=5 41. 1. J}j;Jf;Fb 2. nrd;id

3. kd;dhh; tisFlh 4. ehfg;gl;bdk; 5. kJiu

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