v. schlott for the psi diagnostics section...wir schaffen wissen – heute für morgen paul scherrer...
TRANSCRIPT
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Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen
Paul Scherrer Institut
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
V. Schlott for the PSI Diagnostics Section
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ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
Overview• Motivation• European XFEL BPM Systems• SwissFEL BPM System• SLS BPM and FOFB Upgrades• Summary & Outlook
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
AcknowledgementsThe presentation summarizes the work from…:
Boris KeilRaphael Baldinger Goran MarinkovicCarl Beard Markus RoggliRobin Ditter Martin RohrerReinhold Kramert Markus StadlerWaldemar Koprek Daniel Treyer
Many thanks also for the support from our colleagues at…: DESY andCEA / Saclay / Irfu
European XFEL in-kind contributions are funded by…: Swiss State Secretary for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Motivation: Large Scale Projects• Swiss IK contribution to European XFEL (~ 470 systems from 2009 – 2015):
→ electronics for button, re-entrant cavity and cavity BPMs→ beam stabilization with fast intra bunch-train FB (s latency)
• SwissFEL – XFEL user facility at PSI (~ 150 – 250 systems from 2012 – 2017…):→ BPM system (cavity BPMs) for all accelerator parts→ electronics platform (and firmware) for all other diagnostics systems
• SLS BPM system and FOFB upgrade (~ 150 systems from 2014 – 2016 (2018)):→ renewal & upgrade of BPM electronics (improved resolution at higher BW)→ fast orbit feedback with higher correction bandwidth (> 200 Hz)
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Main Specifications for European XFEL BPMs• European XFEL (standard warm button BPMs for 0.1 – 1 nC beam charge):
→ position resolution: 50 m (rms) single bunch * / 10 m (rms) 1000 bunch average→ aperture size: 40.5 mm (round beam pipe)→ drift (hour / week): 15 - 20 m / 25- 30 m
• European XFEL (undulator cavity BPMs for 0.1 – 1 nC beam charge):→ position resolution: 1 m (rms) single bunch * / 0.2 m (rms) 1000 bunch average→ aperture size: 10 mm (round beam pipe)→ drift (hour): < 1 m
• European XFEL (transfer line (IBFB) cavity BPMs for 0.1 – 1 nC beam charge):→ position resolution: 10 m (rms) single bunch * / 1 m (rms) 1000 bunch average→ aperture size: 40.5 mm (round beam pipe)→ drift (hour / week): < 6 m / 11 m
* bunch spacing: 200 ns, up to 3000 bunches per train @ 10 Hz rep. rateESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Main Specifications for SwissFEL and SLS BPMs• SwissFEL (standard / transfer line cavity BPMs for 10 – 200 pC beam charge):
→ position resolution: 5 m (rms) single bunch * (for ± 5 mm position range)→ aperture size: 16 mm (round beam pipe)→ drift (week): < 5 m
• SwissFEL (undulator cavity BPMs for 10 – 200 pC beam charge):→ position resolution: 1 m (rms) single bunch * (for ± 1 mm position range)→ aperture size: 8 mm (round beam pipe)→ drift (week): < 1 m
* bunch spacing: 28 ns (two bunches) @ 100 Hz rep. rate
• Swiss Light Source (storage ring (FOFB) BPMs for 400 mA beam current (top-up)):→ position resolution: < 100 nm (rms) @ 2 kHz BW / m level for turn-by-turn→ aperture size: 65 mm (h) x 35 mm (v)→ drift (weeks): sub-m
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Modular BPM / Diagnostics Platform Architecture
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
E-XFEL / SwissFEL Cavity BPM Electronics (Simplified)
ControlSystem
3-5GHz
RF Front-end MezzanineCarrierboard
Common housing, fan, power supply
LO
ADC0.1-0.5Gsps
FPGAVirtex-5
FXT
IQ
New SLS BPM Electronics (Simplified)
ADC0.1-5Gsps
FPGAVirtex-5
FXT500MHz Control
System
RF Front-end MezzanineCarrierboard
Common housing, fan, power supply
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
European XFEL Button BPM Electronics: RFFE
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
• Diode + S&H capacitor. Discharge: Automatic, or via external trigger• Active temperature stabilization (several sensors + heaters)• On-board test/calibration pulser simulates beam signal• Finite-response chirp filter improves low-charge resolution• Two modes: External trigger, or self-trigger (on beam signal)
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
European XFEL Button BPM Electronics: RFFE
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Pickup Signal Stretched by Chirp Filter
RFFE output signal, mode2: S&H discharge
by external trigger
(=standard mode)
RFFE output signal, mode1: Automatic S&H discharge by
resistor (=non-standard mode
e.g. when external trigger
is missing)
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
European XFEL Button BPM Electronics: RFFE
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Test Results (FLASH, SwissFEL Test Inj.)Cold button (Ø=78mm) RMS position noise (single bunch):
~ 30 μm @ 20pC~ 5 μm @ 100-1000pC
Warm button (Ø=40.5mm) RMS position noise (single bunch):~ 11μm @ 20pC~ 5μm @ 60pC
Warm button,1 bunch
Expect ~ 3 μm at 150 – 1000 pC, to be measured
Charge noise <0.05% at 50 -
1000 pC
Average over 40 bunches
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
European XFEL Undulator Cavity BPM Electronics: Design
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Gain adjustment: 63dB range, 0.5dB steps
• I/Q downconversion to baseband.• Active temperature stabilization (several sensors + heaters).• Works with or without external trigger & ref. clock.
Differential ADC Inputs
(cables removed)
DOOCS & Timing Interface
(SFP/Optical)
RFFE
MBU Crate: removable fan tray, redundant main power
supply, ...
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
European XFEL Undulator Cavity BPM Electronics: Results
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
See IBIC’12, TUPA27, M. Stadler et al.
Only top sample used (so far ...)
Histogram (X1+X3)/2 – X2
Sampled RFFE IQ Signals
SwissFEL Test Injector BPM Test Set-Up SwissFEL Test Injector BPM Test Set-Up
Determination of Position Resolution from Correlation of 3 EXFEL Undulator Cavity BPMs
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
European XFEL Undulator Cavity BPM Electronics: Results
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Position Resolution (rms noise, single bunch)Undulator cavity (Ø = 10 mm):
~ 11 μm @ 2 pC (± 5 mm range)< 0.5 μm @ 100 – 1000 pC (± 1 mm range)
Transfer line cavity (Ø = 40.5 mm):~ 1 μm @ 100 – 1000 pC (± 1 mm range)
Charge Measurement rms Noise (single bunch)Undulator cavity (Ø = 10 mm):
< 0.06 % @ 100 – 1000 pC< 60 fC @ 100 pC< 10 fC @ 2 pC
2x improvement feasible by digital removal of angle signal
(15x bigger than for undulator BPMs) – work in progress ...
20 mm offset at 1 nC: 50 V signal! RFFE may need input protection via attenuator
(4x worse low-charge resolution), or extra protection circuit (to be developed for IBFB)
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
SwissFEL Cavity BPMs: Improvements and Adaptations
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
SwissFEL BPMs require similar position resolution at much lower charges→ improve sensitivity and production costs of cavity BPM design→ keep electronics similar to European XFEL design
position resonator (used signal ~ position*charge)
reference resonator (used signal ~ charge)
resonator gap width
“waveguide depth”
Waveguides connected to beam pipe
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
SwissFEL Cavity BPMs: Improvements and Adaptations
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Injector andLinac
Undulator (Baseline)
Undulator (Alternative Option)
Pickup Type Cavity (2 Resonators, Mode-Suppressing Couplers)Frequency 3.284 GHz 4.8 GHzLoaded Q ~ 40 ~ 200 ~ 100 - 1000Material Stainless Steel Cu-Coated SteelGap Width 7 mm 7 mm TBDWaveguide Depth 14 mm 25 mm TBD
Beampipe Ø 16 mm 8 mm 8 mm
Signal [V/mm/nC] 7.1 9.3*** TBDRFFE IQ Downconversion*
IF Frequency ~ 0 Hz ~ 50 MHzADC 16-Bit 160MSPS (Linac/Injector: 12-Bit 500MSPS Option)**
* Undulators (alternative option): single-channel downconversion feasible, to be evaluated** Sample rates of available ADCs for European XFEL (E-XFEL) BPM electronics built by PSI
*** E-XFEL Undulator: 2.9 V/mm/nC (Q=70) -> ~3x better low charge resolution for SwissFEL
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
SwissFEL Cavity BPMs: First Prototype Test Results
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
IQ outputs, just Q shown
Low bunch-to-bunch crosstalk
SwissFEL BPM Prototype: RFFE Output Signals
SwissFEL Cavity-BPM 16 mm Prototype: Raw Signals SwissFEL BPM-16 Position Resolution Measurement
Correlation Measurement< 0.8 μm RMS noise
at 135pC and 0.35 mm offset (range > ±1mm)
Correlation with E-XFEL undulator BPM:
< 0.1 pC RMS charge noise at 135pC bunch charge
SwissFEL BPM-16 Charge Resolution Measurement
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Swiss Light Source: BPM System (and FOFB) Upgrade
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
beam
RF Front-Ends
Digitizer/DDCBoards
DSP Boards
Beam Dynamics Server PC
Button Pickups
CorrectorMagnets
12
74
74
74 74H74V
CorrectorPower
Supplies
74H74V
Power SupplyInterface
Board12H12V
EPICS IOCs / VME Crates 12
1 Control RoomGUI PCs
BPM
electronics
FOFB
electronics
1+
“Stupid”: Sends 4 amplitudes
Part of BPM (Calc: X,Y,...)
Present System
beam
RF Front-Ends
Digitizer/DDCBoards
DSP Board
Beam Dynamics Server PC
Button Pickups
CorrectorMagnets
1
37
74
74 74H74V
CorrectorPower
Supplies
74H74V
Power SupplyInterface
Board12H12V
EPICS IOCs / VME Crates 12
1 Control RoomGUI PCs
BPM
electronics
FOFB
electronics
1+
Intelligent/autonomous (X,Y, FFT, Fault Detect, FOFB Interface, ...)
Just for FOFB
Algorithm
Future Systemblue=newhardware
pink=newsoftware/firmware
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Swiss Light Source: BPM System (and FOFB) Upgrade
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
beam
RF Front-Ends
Digitizer/DDCBoards
DSP Boards
Beam Dynamics Server PC
Button Pickups
CorrectorMagnets
12
74
74
74 74H74V
CorrectorPower
Supplies
74H74V
Power SupplyInterface
Board12H12V
EPICS IOCs / VME Crates 12
1 Control RoomGUI PCs
BPM
electronics
FOFB
electronics
1+
“Stupid”: Sends 4 amplitudes
Part of BPM (Calc: X,Y,...)
beam
RF Front-Ends
Digitizer/DDCBoards
DSP Board
Beam Dynamics Server PC
Button Pickups
CorrectorMagnets
1
37
74
74 74H74V
CorrectorPower
Supplies
74H74V
Power SupplyInterface
Board12H12V
EPICS IOCs / VME Crates 12
1 Control RoomGUI PCs
BPM
electronics
FOFB
electronics
1+
Intelligent/autonomous (X,Y, FFT, Fault Detect, FOFB Interface, ...)
Just for FOFB
Algorithm
blue=newhardware
pink=newsoftware/firmware
Present System Future System
Fast LOCAL feedback loop (4kHz): Each
DSP gets only data from 18
BPMs.
Slow GLOBALfeedback loop,
few Hz: (RF frequency & horizontal dispersion correction)
Fast GLOBALfeedback loop
(10-20kHz): New global real-time
network.
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Swiss Light Source BPM System: EPICS GUI for DDC Filters
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
Matlab/EPICS GUI allows real-time optimization of BPM filters (-> optimize for best orbit stability &
lowest noise & latency ...). Not available for
commercial BPMs (have fixed “black-box” filters).
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Swiss Light Source BPM System: First Prototype Test Results
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
1st prototype for new SLS BPM electronics: Just re-combining existing FEL BPM electronics modules (designed by PSI).
Result: Position resolution 80nm RMS (2kHz BW)! But: SLS needs new dedicated RFFE(higher gain range, active
temperature stabilization, ...)
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Volker Schlott,Volker Schlott,
Summary and Outlook
ESLS 2013, November 21st and 22nd 2013
Beam Position Monitor Developments at PSI
• Modular approach for BPM system developments allows…→ the use of similar electronics, firmware & software (!) for European XFEL,
SwissFEL and Swiss Light Source
• Performance of prototype systems are promising…→ European XFEL: < 5 m (warm buttons), < 0.5 m (undulator cavities)→ SwissFEL: < 1 m (@ 135 pC, ± 1 mm range), < 2 m (@ 10 pC)→ Swiss Light Source: < 100 nm (rms noise at 2 kHz BW)
• Implementation of Systems between 2014 and 2018
• Re-Use of electronics platform (digital back end) for other diagnostics