V-SHAREISLAM NOTES #3

Islam Notes #3

I. Historical Turning Points1. 632 AD – Death of Muhammad2. 638 AD – Muslim Conquest of Jerusalem3. 656 AD – Islam Schism

a. Sunni – Shiite division4. 661 AD – Islam Empire’s capital moved to Damascus

I. Historical Turning Points5. 711 AD – Islamic Empire moves into Spain6. 732 AD – Islamic Expansion ended in Europe at the Battle of Tours in France.8. 750 AD – Islamic Empire’s capital moved to Baghdad 7. 1258 AD – Fall of Baghdad to Mongols

II. Geography of Islam1. Islam originally expanded along trade routes between Mecca and Medina.2. Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, Central Asia, North Africa, and Spain.

a. Helped because their enemies, Byzantine and Persian Empires, were

weak from fighting each other.

II. Geography of Islam – Empire Map

A. SPAIN

B. PERSIA

C. MECCA

D. JERUSALEM

E. ROME

F. AFRICA

G. TOURS

H. ARABIAN PENINSULA

I. CONSTANTINOPLE

J. DAMASCUS

K. MEDINA

L. BAGHDAD

III. Cultural Contributions of Islam1. Architecture

a. Artists not allowed to make images or pictures of living creatures.b. Created calligraphy

1. The art of elegant handwriting to decorate public walls with passages of the Qur’an.

III. Cultural Contributions of Islam1. Architecture

c. Mosaicsd. Dome of the Rock

III. Cultural Contributions of Islam2. Arabic alphabet

a. It is written from right to left, in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters.

III. Cultural Contributions of Islam3. Education

a. By age 7, Muslim boys entered Mosque schools for free. Wealthier families paid tuition, but most schooling ended after the skills of reading and writing were mastered.

III. Cultural Contributions of Islam4. Translation of Ancient Texts

a. As Muslim expire expanded, literature from the Greeks, Indian, and Persians were translated in Arabic.

IV. Scientific Contributions of Islam1. Arabic Numerals

a. Adapted from India, including zero. 2. Algebra

a. Invented by Muslim mathematiciansb. Expressed equations to define curves and lines.

IV. Scientific Contributions of Islam3. Medicine

a. Al-Razi (865 AD – 925 AD)1. Classified chemical substances a s animal,

mineral, or vegetable2. Wrote an early medical encyclopedia that

described the origins of disease and identified the differences between smallpox and measles.

IV. Scientific Contributions of Islam3. Medicine

b. Ibn Sina (900 AD)1. Wrote the Canon of Medicine which attempted to summarize all the medical knowledge up to that time.2. Described the circulation of blood and the functions of kidneys and the heart.

IV. Scientific Contributions of Islam4. Geography

a. Accurately described solar eclipses and proved the moon affects the oceans.b. Measured the size and circumference of the earth with accuracy unmatched till the 1800’s.c. Knew the earth was round, but accepted the Greek theory that the earth was the center of the universe.

IV. Scientific Contributions of Islam

DEFINE:ISLAM DATABASE TERMS #21. CALLIGRAPHY2. ARABIC ALPHABET3. ARABIC NUMERALS4. ALGEBRA5. AL-RAZI6. IBN SINA