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Report from the URC 2003

Table of Contents

Introduction 1Administration of Research at USP 2

Schools Agriculture 3 Humanities 7 Law 14 Pure and Applied Sciences

Biology 21 Chemistry 24Engineering 30Food and Textiles 30Mathematics and Computing Science 31 Physics 32

Social and Economic Development 36Accounting and Financial Management 38 Economics 40Geography 43History/Politics 47Land Management and Development 48Management and Public Administration 50Sociology 50

Centre for Development Studies 51Marine Affairs Programme 52Masters of Business Administration 54Population Studies 55Tourism Studies 56

Institutes IAS 57 PIAS-PG 64

URC Financial Report 70

Introduction

This report is extracted from the annual reports of the Schools and other university units, including the sections on research (and related consultancies).

Administration of Research at USP

Introduction. This section discusses the basic strategy for administration of research at USP. The details can be found in the procedures documents.

Requirements. The action plan of any organization must take into account the characteristics of that organization and try to optimize for those characteristics. In the case of USP, the University is relatively small and isolated, has a high staff turn-over, and has restricted financial resources. Thus an operational plan must: Use a minimum of staff and financial resources Obtain the maximum benefit at minimum cost of staff and financial resources Be designed for ease of continuing operations with changing staff

In order to achieve these aims, the administrative system should rely on existing administrative procedures as much as possible, decentralize tasks to avoid additional bureaucracy (and associated costs), and have clear, simple procedures that can be maintained over time.

Division of Responsibility. There are several units at USP that need to be considered in the administration of research. Two of these, the Planning and Development Office (PDO) and USPSolutions manage relations with external organizations. Another two, the University Research Committee (URC) and the Institutes (principally the Institute of Applied Sciences (IAS)) manages and carries out research.

The University Research Committee (URC) will fund research by staff (and some students) at USP. URC projects will be primarily concerned with advancing knowledge and understanding rather than commercial applications. Since most of the projects will have a regional focus, the understanding they provide may serve as a basis for economic and social development.

The Schools, Institutes, and University Extension consider projects before they reach the URC. The Schools can give final approval to projects requiring only a small amount of funds.

The Institutes of the University will respond to requests for consultancies, short course training, research and other projects needed in the region.

USPSolutions is the commercial arm of USP. It specializes in the design and delivery of research, consultancy, training and project management services.

The Planning and Development Office (PDO) will manage international aid projects, and can bring research opportunities or funding to the attention of the University Research Committee. The PDO also maintains the USP Directory of Expertise, which provides private and public sector organizations with a listing of available expertise within the University.

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Thus the Planning and Development Office and USPSolutions will laise between USP and external organizations, seeking out research opportunities. The Institutes, especially the Institute of Applied Sciences, will carry out externally funded research consultancies, while the University Research Committee manages general research.

School of Agriculture

Major Research Accomplishments

These included the following

Sustaining the Achievements in the Taro Leaf Blight (TLB) Disease

Management

Through further breeding, selection, on-farm testing, and taste-testing, the School of

Agriculture, in collaboration with the Samoa Ministry of Agriculture, Forests,

Fisheries and Meteorology (MAFFM), continued to generate new taro cultivars that

are not only resistant/tolerant to the Taro Leaf Blight (TLB), but also acceptable to

consumers. Some of these cultivars were sent to the Secretariat of the Pacific

Community (SPC) for processing and distribution to interested Pacific Island

Countries.

CROPPRO Project

The EU-funded research on 'Sustainable Crop Production in Environmentally

Constrained Systems in the South Pacific (CROPPRO Project)' continued to make

very good progress – with the collection of crucial data from the Papaseea Watershed

on the Upolu Island of Samoa. Data analyses, report writing, and final meeting to

evaluate the outcome of the project, are expected to take place in 2004 - between the

end of the rainy season and mid-November.

The CROPPRO Project targets the interrelations between various forms of

agricultural practice and the surrounding environment, and centres on the

development of appropriate farming approaches for major crop-soil units, thereby

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optimising agricultural productivity while simultaneously minimising damage to the

environment.

Some other important research activities

These included the following inter alia:

Studies on the agronomy of the kava plant and the effects of factors influencing lactone content of kava

Management of the root-knot nematode of tomatoes by use of chicken manure

Management of indigenous vegetable germplasm for food security, nutritional status, and livelihood of vulnerable groups in the South Pacific.

Improvement and development of mixed cropping systems for the South Pacific Island countries

A technique for measuring root activity in mixtures of small crops using lithium as a non-radioactive tracer.

Studies on continuous production of vegetables in Samoa and the environmental and management factors affecting productivity

Nitrogen uptake and assimilation by taro [Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott] from organic and inorganic sources.

A study on a mixture of Chinese cabbage and bean

Reproductive Survival of Exotic Sows in the Humid Tropics of Samoa

Development of Energy and Protein Silage Concentrates for Commercial Pig Farmers in Samoa, Utilizing Little Bag Technique

Effect of Maternal Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid on Hatchability and Growth of Broiler Chickens.

Performance Evaluation of Broiler Contract Growers in Fiji

The Effects of Rumen Liquor Pre-treatment and Desiccated Coconut Waste on Performance of Growing Pigs in Samoa

Effects of Maternal Diet with Diverse Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio on the Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Content of Growing Chickens

Effect of grazing mixed pasture dominated by guinea grass and crop residues-based concentrate supplementation on nutrient intake and performance of growing goats

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Nutritional characterization and evaluation of batiki grass and batiki grass-forage legume mixtures with steer calves

Evaluation of some agro-industrial by-products available in Samoa

Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments and a preliminary nutritional evaluation with ratsSeasonal variation of macro- and micro-mineral contents of some ruminant browse species from five countries in the South Pacific region.

Journal Articles - refereed articles in scholarly journals

Ajuyah, A.O., Wang, Y., Sunwoo, H., Cherian, G. and Sim, J. S. (2003). Maternal Diet with Diverse Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio Affects the Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Content of Growing Chickens. KARGER, Biology of the Neonate. RJ[Grant from Poultry Industry Council of Canada and Omega Protein Inc.]

Ajuyah, A.O. and Okere C. (2003). Perspectives on the Commercial Broiler Industry in Samoa: Constrains and Opportunities. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2(12): 666-670. RJ[Head of Department’s Research Fund]

Ajuyah, A.O., Cherian, G., Wang, Y., Sunwoo, H., and Sim, J. S. (2003). Maternal Dietary FA Modulate the Long-Chain n-3 PUFA Status of Chicken Cardiac Tissue. Lipids, vol. 38, no. 12, pp 1257-1262. RJ.[Grant from Poultry Industry Council of Canada and Omega Protein Inc.]

Aregheore, E.M. (2003). Effect of grazing mixed pasture dominated by guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and crop residues-based concentrate supplementation on nutrient intake and performance of growing goats. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2(5): 279-285. RJ[Self-funded plus departmental resources in the form of Research Animals]

Aregheore, E.M. (2003). Nutritional characterization and evaluation of batiki grass (Ischaemum aristatum var. indicum) and batiki grass-forage legume mixtures with steer calves. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2(7): 404-412. RJ[URC-Funded]

Aregheore, E.M., Abdulrazak, S.A., and Fujihara T (2003). Evaluation of some agro-industrial by-products available in Samoa. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Sciences, 16(11): 1593-1598. RJ[Jointly funded by self and co-authors]

Aregheore, E.M., Becker, K. and Makkar, H.P.S. (2003). Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments and a preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats. South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 21: 50-57. RJ[Funded by the Alexander von Humboldt (AVH) Foundation, Bonn, Germany]

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Aregheore, E.M. and E. Singh (2003). Seasonal variation of macro- and micro-mineral contents of some ruminant browse species from five countries in the South Pacific region. Accepted for publication in Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), Vol. 80, No. 2. RJ[URC-funded]

Tofinga, M.P. (2003). A recent technique for measuring root activity in mixtures of small crops using lithium as a non-radioactive tracer. Accepted for publication in Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. RJ[Head of Department’s Research Fund]

Fonoti, P., Tofinga, M.P., Pouono, K., Hunter, D.G. and Delp C.J. (2003). Evaluation of Palau Taro Varieties in On-farm trials in Samoa. Accepted for publication in Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. RJ[Head of Department’s Research Fund]

Kumaga, F.K., Adiku, S.G.K. and Ofori, K. (2003). Effect of Post-flowering Water Stress on Dry Matter and Yield of Three Tropical Grain Legumes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5 (4): 405-407. RJ[Funded by the Authors]

Denwar, N.N. and Ofori, K. (2003). Variation in Trap-Crop Capacity of Soybean Genotypes for the Control of Striga hermonthica. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5 (4): 504-506. RJ[Funded by the Authors]

Newsletter Publications

Ajuyah, A.O., Okere, C. and Kumar, S. (2003). The effect of Rumen Liquor on the Utilisation of Desiccated Coconut Waste Meal by Weaner Pigs. South Pacific Agricultural News, Pg. 1, 4-6.[SOA Students Research Project Fund]

Ajuyah, A.O. (2003). Rural Family Poultry Production in the South Pacific Region. South Pacific Agricultural News, pg. 5[Head of Department’s Research Fund]

Conference publications

Ofori, K. (2003). Comparison of taro production practices and constraints between West Africa and the Pacific. Proceedings of the 3rd International Taro Symposium, Nadi, Fiji, May 21-23, SPC (In press).[Funded by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)]

Benjamin, A., Tofinga, M.P., Manua, V. and Westerlund, R. (2003). Soil fertility and management in the South Pacific Islands. Paper presented at the CTA International Seminar on “Information Support for Sustainable Soil Fertility Management. Arnhem, The Netherlands: 21-25 October 2003.[Funded by CTA]

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Hunter, D. and Ebenebe, A.C. (2003). Progress and Problems associated with the CROPPRO Project in Samoa. Paper presented at the CROPPRO Review Workshop, held at the University of Wageningen, The Netherlands: 10-13 March 2003

[EU-funded under the auspices of ALTERRA Green World Research, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands]

Okere, C. and Ajuyah, A.O. (2003). Reproductive Survival of Exotic Sows in the Humid Tropics of Samoa. Paper presented at the American Society of Animal Science/American Dairy Science Association Joint Meeting: Phoenix, Arizona, USA: 22-26 June 2003.[SOA Conference Funds]

School of Humanities

Major Research Achievements

Fiji Institute for Education ResearchThe Fiji Institute for Educational Research was established more than three decades ago. It was first called the Suva Institute for Educational Research and it is affiliated to the New Zealand Council for Educational Research.

FIER is an autonomous body but operates from USP’s Department of Education and Psychology with which it has good relations, as well as common research interests. It also receives a lot of support from the School of Humanities and attempts to promote the School’s overall research vision.

The functions of FIER largely include promoting educational research activities and providing opportunities to its members, as well as other investigators and students, to discuss their research designs and findings with interested audiences. One of major foci is to conduct practitioner-based collaborative research, especially with teachers, parents and members of the school management committees.

Membership of FIER is open to all members of the educational stakeholder community with an interest in educational research. It provides members with avenues for research training, dissemination of knowledge and for informing and transforming their work or the teaching- learning process. To-date, FIER has 112 paid members, who come from various spheres of the education system. The executive committee comprises academics, teacher educators, school principals and head teachers, education officers, teachers and students. [This report was written by Akhila Nand Sharma, President of FIER 2003.}

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FIER activities 2003Akhila Nand Sharma was President, Cresantia Frances Koyavaka’uta was Acting Secretary and Teweiariki Teaero was Publicity and Public Relations Officer. Bisun Deo was a member of the Executive Committee. Govinda Lingam was in charge of the project Understanding Research. Srinivasiah Muralidhar presented a paper on “Invitation to research” at the April meeting, while Clarence Auxier gave a presentation on “Ethics in research” at the September meeting. Other presenters were Cresantia Frances Koyavaka’uta, Teweiariki Teaero, Jack Maebutu, Thimmappa Rao, Thillainayakam Velayutham, Konai Thaman, Akhila Nand Sharma, Akanisi Kedrayate and Joseph Veramu.Department of Education and Psychology

Konai Thaman completed editing Educational Ideas from Oceania, a collection of essays on Pacific educational ideas for use by tertiary students and teachers, published in 2003, jointly by IOE and the UNESCO Chair in teacher education and culture. She also continued to work on research into Pacific indigenous epistemologies, as well as women and university management.

David Womack prepared a theoretical framework towards a PhD and conducted research for his proposed book, The roots of mathematics in the graphical intuitions of young children.Govinda Lingam was consultant for the Beginning Teacher Research Project at Lautoka Teachers’ College (in progress). He is currently researching for a project approved by the School's Research Committee entitled “Readiness to join the primary teaching profession: The case of Fiji”. He also coordinated the Fiji Institute of Educational Research Project on “Understanding research”.

Clarence Auxier is collecting data for his research project “Learning preferences of USP students”.

Akhila Nand Sharma and Thillainayakam Velayutham are doing a collaborative research project on the topic “Management of secondary schools in Fiji: The role of the school management committee”. The project is continuing. The students of ED453 and Akhila Nand Sharma did a collaborative research study on the topic “Educational policy issues in Fiji”. Based on the findings, the students will present individual papers in the Fiji Institute for Educational Research Conference from 5-7 January 2004.

Department of Literature and LanguageFrance Mugler and Paul Geraghty, with Jan Tent, formerly at USP and currently at Macquarie University, are working on a Dictionary of English for the Fiji Islands, to be published in 2004 by Macquarie Library. The publisher, Dr Susan Butler visited the School in July and, with the HOS, Dr Akanisi Kedrayate, France Mugler and Paul Geraghty, held meetings with the Permanent Secretary for Education, and with the Prime Minister, who kindly agreed to write a foreword. France Mugler and Jayshree Mamtora (formerly a USP Library staff member, now at Charles Darwin University) completed their research on the Gujarati language in Fiji. Their paper will be submitted soon.

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Larry Thomas continues his research for a documentary film with Tarcisius Kabutaulaka on the Solomon Islands crisis. He has completed the research and film on the sugar industry and expiry of sugar farmland leases and is working on the post-production phase.

Other Research Activities

Books – authored research

Teaero, Teweiariki (with Kabini Sanga and John Niroa) Rethinking the rethinking of Pacific education: A report on the Rethinking Pacific Education Initiative. Prepared for the Pacific Education Project and NZAID. Wellington: School of Education, Victoria University of Wellington. 45 pp. Book ChaptersForster, P. M. “Community psychology.” Encyclopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual World. Eds K. Christensen and D. Levinson. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2003.

Teaero, Teweiariki. “Indigenous education in Kiribati.” Educational ideas from Oceania. Ed. Konai Thaman. Suva: Institute of Education & UNESCO. 06-115.

Kedrayate, A, and Veramu, J. “ Learning in the Traditional Context.” ED 153: School and Society Course Book. Unit 1. Distance and Flexible Learning (DFL) Support Centre, USP, 2004.

Kedrayate, A, and Veramu, J. “ Learning in the modern context.” ED 153: School and Society Course Book. Unit 2. Distance and Flexible Learning (DFL) Support Centre, USP.2004.

Kedrayate, A and Veramu, J. “ Learning and Sustainability in the Pacific.” ED 153: School and Society Course Book. Unit 8. Distance and Flexible Learning (DFL) Support Centre, USP, 2004.

Kedrayate, A and Deo, B. “ Indigenous ideas from Fiji and Rotuma.” ED 253: Theories in Education Course Book. Unit 11. Distance and Flexible Learning (DFL) Support Centre, USP, 2003.

Teaero, Teweiariki. “Using community resources in university teaching: The case of Integrated Arts at The University of the South Pacific.” Proceedings of the USP/AUT Colloquium for Tertiary Teachers on Teaching and Learning with Pasifika Students. Eds. Alison Kirkness and Naila Fanene. Auckland: Auckland University of Technology. 93-104.

Tuinamuana K. "Qualifications frameworks for small island states: A case study of Fiji". Promises and Problems for Commonwealth Qualification Frameworks. Eds G.Donn & T.Davies. London Commonwealth Secretariat/NZ Qualifications Authority, 2003.

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Veramu, J. “Study of Fiji TVET” Enhancing income generation through adult education. Ed R.G.Bagnall. Brisbane: Australian Academic Press.2003. 44-58.Journal Articles – refereed articles in scholarly journals

Auxier, C.R., Hughes, F.R. & Kline, W.B. “Identity development in counselors in training”. Counselor Education and Supervision 43 (1):25-38 (2003). Forster, P. M. “Children, computers and the Internet: A guide for parents and teachers in the Pacific region.” Directions: Journal of Educational Studies 24 (1): 14-26 (2002, published in 2003). RJ

Khan, Veena, Rajni Chand, Chandra Rao and Kate McPherson. "Assessing the Impact of IELTS preparation programmes on candidates' performance." IELTS Research Reports (5).

Lingam, Govinda I. “Practicum Component: Preparation of teachers for the real world of work" Directions: Journal of Educational Studies 24(1): 47-61 (2002, published 2003).

Lingam, Govinda I. "Which is the better option? Retaining or Training of Teachers". Fiji Teachers Journal 73: 44-47 (2003).Lynch, John and France Mugler. “Pacific Languages at the University of the South Pacific.” Current Issues in Language Planning. Special issue on "Language Planning and Intellectualisation". Anthony J. Liddicoat and Pauline Bryant, eds. Vol.3.1:76-81 (2002). RJ

Mugler, France. “Attitudes to accents in English: a Pacific study.” Te Reo 45:65-89 (2002). RJ

Teaero, T. “The Painting.” Mana: Journal of Pacific art and culture, literature and language. 13 (2)

Thaman, Konai. “De-colonising Pacific Studies: Indigenous perspectives, knowledge and wisdom in higher education.” The Contemporary Pacific 15(1):1-18 (2003).RJ Veramu, Joseph. “Community Education for Seafarers in Tuvalu”. Community Education International Journal 3: 56-59 (2003)

Books Edited Thaman, Konai. ed. Educational ideas from Oceania: Selected readings. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Education, The University of the South Pacific, 2003.131 p.

Kedrayate, A. and Schulz, L. eds. Voices: Pacific women teachers tell their stories. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Education, 2003. 61p.

Veramu Joseph. ed. Na Bula Dredre Kei Na Bula Sautu. Suva: Fiji Community Education Association 2003. 86p.

Conference PublicationsDeo, Bisun and Nabobo, Unaisi. “Reflections on mixed mode and multi-mode teaching: USP case study”. Paper presented at the 16th ODLAA Biennial Form, Canberra, Australia, October 2003.

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Gaskell, I and R. Taylor. “‘Delightful Instruction’: Theatre for Development and the Art of Persuasion.” Paper presented to the Hawaii Conference on Arts and the Humanities, Honolulu, January, 2003.

Gaskell, I and R. Taylor. “Getting the Message: Measuring Audience Response to Theatre for Development.” Paper presented to the Hawaii Conference on Arts and the Humanities, Honolulu, January, 2003.

Gaskell, I. “Emerging With A Purpose: The Art of Applied Theatre.” Paper presented to the F.I.L.L.M Convention, Noumea, October, 2003.

Geraghty, Paul. “Struggling with an exonorm: The emergence of Fijian language literature”. Paper presented at the FILLM Convention, Noumea, 17-24 October, 2003.

Hughes, D. A. “Developing Literacy in the Early Childhood Classroom”. Keynote address presented at Head Start Conference, Majuro, 6 August, 2003.

Kedrayate, Akanisi. “Principles and Good Practices in Non-formal Education to enhance community participation in community development”. Keynote address delivered at the Regional Review/Evaluation Workshop of Community Workers, Cathy Hotel, Lautoka, September 22 − 25, 2003.

Kedrayate, Akanisi. “Teaching Challenges in the 21st Century”. Address given at the Lautoka Teachers’ College Graduation Ceremony, AG Hall, Lautoka, December 4, 2003

Kedrayate, Akanisi. “ Setting Realistic Goals”. Address given at the St Agnes School Graduation Ceremony, Lambert Hall, Suva, November 27, 2003.

Kedrayate, Akanisi. “ Examinations Preparation and Evaluation”. Paper presented at the Amadiya Muslim College, Staff Development Workshop, June 14, 2003.

Lingam, Govinda I. “Educational aid: Adjusting teacher preparation program to meet professional work in schools." Paper presented at the 2003 Rethinking Educational Aid Conference, Mocambo Hotel, Nadi, Fiji, October 20-22, 2003.

Muralidhar, Srinivasiah. “Patterns of educational aid in the Pacific: trends and prospects.” Paper presented at the Pacific Regional Education Conference on Rethinking Educational Aid, Nadi, Fiji, October 20-22, 2003.

Muralidhar, Srinivasiah. “A prayer for peace and harmony.” Paper presented at the Festival of Unity, St Agnes Parish, Nabua, Suva, September 21, 2003

Muralidhar, Srinivasiah. “Curriculum change or teacher change?” Address presented at the opening of the Science Education for Pacific Schools (SEPS) Regional Workshop, Institute of Education, Marine Studies Complex, USP, September 8, 2003.

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Muralidhar, Srinivasiah. “Learning outcomes, teaching and learning.” Paper presented at a staff development workshop, Ahmadiyya Muslim College, Narere, Nasinu, Fiji, August 12, 2003.

Muralidhar, Srinivasiah. “New programmes in teacher education.” Paper presented at the Regional Centres Conference, USP, April 7, 2003.Muralidhar, Srinivasiah. “Invitation to research.” Paper presented at a gathering of the Fiji Institute of Educational Research, USP, Suva, April 2, 2003.

Sharma, Akhila Nand. “Classroom discipline”. Paper presented to the staff of Ahmadiyya Muslim School, April 14, 2003. ――“Non-formal education and vocational training”. Paper presented to the participants of the National Youth Council in the Fiji Government’s Parliament Complex, Suva, April 10, 2003.―― “Moral values: Satyam, Shivam, Sundram”. Paper presented at the annual prize giving ceremony at Naitasiri Indian School, Nausori, December 2, 2003.――“The role of parents and teachers in character education”. Paper presented at the annual prize giving ceremony at Rishikul Primary School, Nasinu, December 4, 2003.―― “An overview of educational policy issues and gaps in the Pacific”. Paper presented at a workshop on Pacific Education Policy from a Civil Society Perspective, Vanuatu, August 20, 2003.

Teaero, Teweiariki. “Using community resources in university teaching: The case of Integrated Arts at The University of the South Pacific.” Paper presented at the USP/AUT Colloquium for Tertiary Teachers on Teaching and Learning with Pasifika Students. Auckland University of Technology, Auckland. 3-5 February 2003.

Teaero, Teweiariki. “Integrating Pacific indigenous knowledge and the arts into the curricula of Pacific education.” Paper presented at the Council of Pacific Education Conference on Education of Indigenous People of the Pacific. Forum Secretariat, Suva. 4-7 December 2003.

Scholarly Reviews and Comments (published journals of repute) Thaman, Konai. Eight poems: “Readers and writers”, “Living among the trees”, “Heilala”, “Kakala folau”, “Weekend in Auckland”, “Another dimension” and “You and me”. In Whetu Moana: contemporary Polynesian Poems in English. Eds A. Wendt, R. Whaitiri and R. Sullivan. Auckland University Press: Auckland, 2003.

Koyavaka’uta, F. C. Of Schizophrenic Voices. Pacific Writers’ Forum: University of the South Pacific, 2003.Videotapes and Films (of substantial educational or scholarly value)Instructional video to accompany LL216, Story Theatre. Produced by Ian Gaskell.

Video production, Equal, an ActIt Theatre Company production on Gender Equality in Education, directed by Ian Gaskell and produced by the School of Humanities and Media Centre. 2003.

Other Works (non-books)Web links − publications by Dev Nadkarni:

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http://www.pacificislands.cc/pm42003/pmdefault.php?urlarticleid=0049, http://www.pacificislands.cc/pm52003/pmdefault.php?urlarticleid=0033, http://www.pacificislands.cc/pm62003/pmdefault.php?urlarticleid=0043 http://www.muprivate.edu.au/index_sds_all.asp?menuid=040.020.040.020.010.050 http://www.pmw.c2o.org/2003/fijiuspjnsub.htmlhttp://www.muprivate.edu.au/index_sds_all.asp?menuid=040.020.040.020http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~jour/DN2003

Teaero, TeweiarikiTe mwananga. A group exhibition with Natan Itonga, Karawa Areieta and Berenato Buatia. National Library and Archives, Tarawam Kiribati. Sponsored by the USP Centre, Tarawa. 21-29th January.Several poems from on eitei's wings recorded and played as an integral part of Pasifika: island journeys, a multi-media art exhibition 21st June 2003 - 9 May 2004 featuring a collection of artifacts from the Pacific. Organised by the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia, Canada. Four colour original works of art for SPAN: Journal of the South Pacific Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies. 52 (1) 2002. Pp 128-135.Natural meal. Poems read at the Lire en Fẻte at the Alliance Française, Suva. 18-20 October.Niu Grooves and Lines in life. New poems read during Niu Waves Writers' Collective Niu Lines Reading Night. Suva, Traps Bar. 4th Sept.An original colour ink drawing for the cover of the book Educational ideas from Oceania. Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies and UNESCO, edited by Konai Thaman.Cover for ED255 Introduction to Curriculum Development, a 2003 edition of that course.Illustrations for three children's books:A. Atauea et al (2003) Te non. Suva: Institute of Education and UNESCO. 14 illustrations.Biribo Bareka et al. (2003) Stories from Kiritimati Island. Suva: Institute of Education and UNESCO. 23 illustrations.Tebwebwe Tabokai et. al. Our place. Suva: Institute of Education and UNESCO. 9 illustrations.

Periodicals and Newspaper ArticlesNadkarni Dev: “World Consumer Day.” The Fiji Times (March 15, 2003).――”PINA-PIBA merger.” Islands Business (April 2003).――”The media and nation building.” The Fiji Times (April 3, 2003).―― “The importance of Freedom of Expression.” The Fiji Times (April 16, 2003).―― “New economy opportunities for Fiji.” Islands Business (May 2003).―― “Implications of a media bill.” The Fiji Times (May 23, 2003).―― “Fiji’s media bill.” Islands Business (June 2003).―― “Suicide as weapon and strategy.” The Fiji Times (June 18, 2003).―― Columns in Fiji Sun dated April 20, 27, May 4, 18, 25, June 1, 8, 16, 2003

Hughes, D. A. (Dec., 2003). “Developing early literacy: More than learning the alphabet”. Pacific Curriculum Network 11 (2):10-15.

Sharma, Akhila Nand. “Ethical leadership.” Daily Post (15 October, 2003)―― “Reconciliation of Hearts.” Daily Post (1 November, 2003).

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http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~jour/DN2003

http://www.muprivate.edu.au/index_sds_all.asp?menuid=040.020.040.020

http://www.pmw.c2o.org/2003/fijiuspjnsub.html



http://www.pacificislands.cc/pm62003/pmdefault.php?urlarticleid=0043



―― “Flexibility within Flexibility.” Humanitarian 1 (1) June 2003.

Veramu, J. “Say no to drugs.” Daily Post (2 October, 2003): 5.――. “Doors to a better world.” Daily Post (6 October 2003):5.

School of Law


The most significant research achievements of the School have been as follows:

The publication of books and articles on South Pacific legal systems by members of the School. These are indicated below.

The establishment and continued publication of the Journal of South Pacific Law as an online journal.

The establishment of the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute internet law reporting project.

The creation of an online course delivery system using Zope software.

The winning of project grants in respect of particular research projects on South Pacific legal systems, as detailed below.

The development of a profile in South Pacific law.

The continued publication of an online journal - the Journal of South Pacific Law – to provide an avenue for publication of refereed and non refereed materials on the laws of the South Pacific region.

The presentation of a research seminar series contributed to by members of academic staff and academic visitors to the School.

It is important to not that the School of Law is the only law school in the region. It provides the major impetus towards legal research for the region, although there are academics located in other institutions around the world who maintain specialisations in South Pacific law. In many respects the work undertaken by the School is ground breaking simply because many aspects of the legal systems of the region have not been subjected to legal research or have been researched only in an incidental way.

When the law programme began in 1994 there were very few legal texts relating to South Pacific law. Legal research was often undertaken on a relatively haphazard basis by paid consultants from outside the region. To date there have been at least nine major texts produced by legal academics in the School of Law with a further five in the course of production. The Journal of South Pacific Law has become a focus for the publication of South Pacific legal research. The School has produced incidental research papers through its occasional papers series.

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Aside from that the graduate programme of the School has produced already a significant volume of research material for the benefit of future legal researchers.

In the area of research resources the activities of the School particularly in the area of internet based law reporting has made available to legal researchers volumes of primary resource material which would not otherwise have been available. The PacLII site alone contains more that 4000 legal documents and this grows daily. It has been able to provide access to materials where print based reporting series have clearly failed to do so. The Emalus Campus library law resources section online provides a significant source of legal information and access to law resources of the region where previously little was available.

It can be said with confidence that the activities of the Law School in the areas of research identified above have provided an essential service to the legal and other communities of the region. They have lifted the profile of legal research in the region. They have contributed substantially to the quality of legal research in the region, the quality of justice and the accessibility to legal information beyond original expectations.


The most significant research achievements of the School have been as follows:

The publication of books and articles on South Pacific legal systems by members of the School. These are indicated below.

The establishment and continued publication of the Journal of South Pacific Law as an online journal.

The establishment of the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute internet law reporting project.

The creation of an online course delivery system using Zope software.

The winning of project grants in respect of particular research projects on South Pacific legal systems, as detailed below.

The development of a profile in South Pacific law.

It is important to not that the School of Law is the only law school in the region. It provides the major impetus towards legal research for the region, although there are academics located in other institutions around the world who maintain specialisations in South Pacific law. In many respects the work undertaken by the School is ground breaking simply because many aspects of the legal systems of the region have not been subjected to legal research or have been researched only in an incidental way.

When the law programme began in 1994 there were very few legal texts relating to South Pacific law. Legal research was often undertaken on a relatively haphazard basis by paid consultants from outside the region. To date there have been at least nine major texts produced by legal academics in the School of Law with a further five

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in the course of production. The Journal of South Pacific Law has become a focus for the publication of South Pacific legal research. The School has produced incidental research papers through its occasional papers series.

Aside from that the graduate programme of the School has produced already a significant volume of research material for the benefit of future legal researchers.

In the area of research resources the activities of the School particularly in the area of internet based law reporting has made available to legal researchers volumes of primary resource material which would not otherwise have been available. The PacLII site alone contains more that 4000 legal documents and this grows daily. It has been able to provide access to materials where print based reporting series have clearly failed to do so. The Emalus Campus library law resources section online provides a significant source of legal information and access to law resources of the region where previously little was available.

It can be said with confidence that the activities of the Law School in the areas of research identified above have provided an essential service to the legal and other communities of the region. They have lifted the profile of legal research in the region. They have contributed substantially to the quality of legal research in the region, the quality of justice and the accessibility to legal information beyond original expectations.

Reference List

(A)Books – authored research:

Ahmadu M. and Hughes R. Commercial Law and Practice in the South Pacific, Cavendish Publishing Limited, London (in press)

Farran S and Paterson D. South Pacific Perspectives of Property Law published Cavendish, London 2003.

MacFarlane P. The Queensland Health Law Handbook (13th ed), GoPrint (Qld) 2003

(B) Book Chapters:

Hughes R. ‘Corruption’ in Anita Jowitt and Tess Newton Cain (eds) Passage of Change: Law Society and Governance in the Pacific Pandanus Press: Canberra 2003, pp. 35-50

Hughes R. ‘Legal Pluralism and the Problem of Identity’ in Anita Jowitt and Tess Newton Cain (eds) Passage of Change: Law Society and Governance in the Pacific Pandanus Press: Canberra 2003, pp. 326-351

Ahmadu M. ‘Labour and Law in Samoa’, in The Impact of Labour Law on Workers in Asia and the Pacific, Asia Monitor Resource Centre, Hong Kong, 2003.

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Ahmadu M. ‘Labour Laws and Industrial Relations in Vanuatu’, in The Impact of Labour Law on Workers in Asia and the Pacific, Asia Monitor Resource Centre, Hong Kong, 2003.

Jowitt A. ‘The Notion of Human Rights' in Anita Jowitt and Tess Newton Cain (eds) Passage of Change: Law Society and Governance in the Pacific Pandanus Press: Canberra 2003 pp 185 – 198.

Farran S. ‘Intellectual Property Law in the South Pacific’ in International Encyclopaedia of Laws published Kluwer 2003.

Miranda Foysth (with Dr. Rothnie) ‘Parallel Imports’ for the Singapore Institute of Intellectual Property.

Tomtavala Y. ‘Marshall Islands" in Herbert M. Kritzer (ed), Legal Systems of the World ABC_CLIO, Santa Barbara, California: 2002

(C)Journal Articles – refereed articles in scholarly journals:

Ahmadu, Mohammed L. ‘e-Procurement as a Development Imperative in Small Island States of the South Pacific’ James Cook University Law Review (2003) 1.

Jowitt, Anita ‘Justice Education and HIV’ (2003) 37(3) The Law Teacher 285

Jowitt A. ‘Vanuatu Political Review’ (2003) 15(2) The Contemporary Pacific A Journal of Island Affairs 463.

MacFarlane P. ‘What is food? Removal of nutrition and hydration’, in The Queensland Lawyer Vol 24 December 2003 page 135.

MacFarlane P. Working Paper ‘Teaching Legal Ethics’, University of the South Pacific Law Journal (vol 1 2003).

Forsyth M. ‘Cargo Cults and Intellectual Property in the South Pacific’ (2003) 14 AIPJ 193.

Forsyth M. ‘Intellectual Property in the South Pacific: Friend or Foe’ (2003) 7 (1) Journal of South Pacific Law.

Forsyth M. ‘Determining Chiefly Title: From Courts to Custom and Back Again’ (2003) 28 (4) Alternative Law Journal 193.

(D) Books Edited:

Jowitt A. with Newton Cain T. (eds.) Passage of Change: Law Society and Governance in the Pacific Pandanus Press: Canberra 2003

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Jowitt A. with Dinnen S. , and Newton Cain T. (eds.) A Kind of Mending: Restorative Justice in the Pacific Islands Pandanus Press: Canberra 2003.

(E) Conference publications:

Ahmadu M. ‘A Comparative Analysis of Procurement Regimes: The Relevance to International Commerce and Development in Small Island Countries in the South Pacific’, presented to the 2nd International Conference on Commerce and Law, Victoria University, December 9-11, 2003, Melbourne, Australia.Jowitt A. ‘The Limits of Law Reform for Protecting Sexual and Reproductive Rights’ Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health Bangkok, October 2003.

Farran S. 'Adrift in the Pacific with only the Internet' Conference Paper Warwick, UK January 2003 Complexity, Creativity and the Curriculum

Farran S. 'Land Management and Land Holding in Efate: Some Facts' Conference Paper for Current Land Issues: Leases and Sub-Divisions Conference, Port Vila June 2003

Farran S. and Hill T. 'Breaking the Mold and Making Waves in Civil Procedure in the Pacific; The New Rules of Civil Procedure of Vanuatu' Conference Paper for ALTA Conference, Brisbane July 2003, presented at the conference by T Hill.

Farran S. 'The Challenges of Legal Research in the Pacific' Seminar Paper presented to the Law Department of the University of Dundee, Scotland, July 2003.

Hughes R. ‘Custom and Equitable Estoppel in the South Pacific Jurisdictions’, Australasian Law Teachers Association Conference, Brisbane, July 2003.

Hughes R. ‘USP Law School Report’ to Pacific Islands Legal Officers Meeting, Melbourne Australia, October 2003.

MacFarlane P. Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility, Vanuatu Judicial Forum, 2003.

MacFarlane P. ‘The introduction of Codes of Ethics in developing jurisdictions’, American Bar Association (Professional Responsibility Executive) Mid Year Meeting, February 2003.

MacFarlane P. ‘Legal Ethics for Island Court Justices’; paper presented at training programme for Island Court Justices at the USP 2003.

Zan M. ‘Symbolism, Theme and Message in a Persian (Sufi), English (Anglican) and Myanmar (Buddhist) Poems of 13th, 16th and 20th Centuries’ paper presented at the Traditions of Knowledge in Southeast Asia Conference held at Rangoon, Burma, 17 to 19 December 2003.

Scholarly Reviews and Comments

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Ahmadu M. Book Review The Myth of Development by Oswaldo de Reviero, JSPL, Volume (2003) 7 Number 1

Farran S. Book Review: Bill Atkin and Wendy Parker Relationship Property in New Zealand (2003) JSPL Vol 2.

Farran S. Case Note 'Having your cake and eating it in Samoa: the case of Board of Trustees of the Congregational Church of Samoa v Filia I'aulaulo Pouvi and Tapusoa Malulaufai’, (2003) JSPL Vol 2.

MacFarlane P. Ethical Ambitions by Derrick Bell; Proctor 2003.

MacFarlane P. Ethics, Professional Responsibility and the Lawyer by Webb, JSPL (2003) Vol. 2 No. 1.

Hill E. Appearing for the Plaintiff by J.L. Williams, JSPL, (2003) Volume 7 Number 1

Zan M. Case Note: ‘Crimes against Humanity: Immunity v Impunity: Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000, Democratic Republic of Congo v Belgium’, (2003) Volume 7 Number 1

Zan M. ‘Comment: John Howard’s Pre-emptive Strike Thesis’, JSPL, (2003) Volume 7 Number 1

Zan M. ‘Conference Report: Burma/Myanma(r): Implications for Researchers and Policy Makers’, 21-25 September 2002, Gothenburg, Sweden”, JSPL, (2003) Volume 7 Number 1

Other Publications and Presentations

Farran S. ’Approaches to Child Custody in the Pacific Region’ Law School Occasional Papers No. 3, 2003.

Zan M. ‘Mini Nuke Strikes’, ICJ Advisory Opinion and Unilateral Undertakings’, Occasional Paper No.2, 2003, USP, Law School, Port Vila, Vanuatu.

Zan M. (joint author with John Selwyn Taupongi, Alan Christian Siale, Topenina Hekau) ‘The Solomon Islands Townsville Peace Agreement: Trading Human Rights for Peace?’ Occasional Paper No. 1, 2003. USP, Law School, Port Vila, Vanuatu.

(a) 3 (a) List of students enrolled for PhD and Masters

(c) Research grants received by members of staff during 2003 were:

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Don Paterson, Case studies of Right to Land in Selected Areas of Vanuatu, School research grant.

Miranda Forsyth, Kastom and Criminal Justice in Vanuatu, School research grant.

Mohammed Ahmadu, Don Paterson, Sue Farran and Sunita Singh “Property and Security: A Critical Analysis of the legal framework, shortcomings and needs of the region,” funded by URC research grant (on going).

Mohammed Ahmadu, A Survey of the Impact of Online Teaching…(Laucala Campus) funded by DFL, Suva.

Mohammed Ahmadu, A Survey of the Impact of Online Teaching…(Emalus Campus) School research grant.

Peter MacFarlane, Code of Ethics for Lawyers in the South Pacific, additional funding- School research grant.

Sue Farran, Customary Marriage in Vanuatu, School research grant.

Other research activities

Anita Jowitt completed a survey on employer's use of law in Port Vila Vanuatu, December 2003.

Anita Jowitt, research assistant and couthor (with Tess Newton Cain) of Vanuatu National Integrity System Report, for Transparency International, Australia.

Myint Zan researched about and wrote an article comparing the first and fiftieth year of independent Burma Law Reports. Accepted for publication in the (referred journal) Victoria University of Wellington Law Review.

Myint Zan researched about and wrote a comment on the standing-aside of Australia’s Governor-General and other unprecedented constitutional cases. Accepted for publication in the (referred journal) James Cook University Law Review.

Myint Zan research about and wrote an article on current United States Supreme Court politics. Accepted for publication in Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law.

Miranda Forsyth enrolled for the PhD degree at the Australian National University, Canberra

Professor Hughes acted as an external examiner of PhD and LLM theses from the Victoria University of Wellington, NZ and Charles Darwin University, Australia

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School of Pure and Applied Sciences

Biology


.Chromosome analysis in natural and micro-propagated Australian ornamental climber Pandorea pandorama. Dr Anand P Tyagi and Dr S. L. Kancherla.

FISH analysis of meiosis in Arabiodopsis allopolyploids. Dr Anand P Tyagi and others.

Do the different parental .heteromes. cause genomic shock in newly formed allopolyploids? Dr Anand P Tyagi and others.

Location and interseasonal variation in flowering, propagule setting and propagule size in mangrove species of the family Rhizophoraceae. Dr Anand P Tyagi.

Some problems and importance of reptile biodiversity in rid regions. Prof. R H Meakins and Al-Mohanna, S.Y.

Endemic macrofauna of the Sulaibikhat Bay salt marsh and mudflats, Kuwait: status and need for conservation. Prof. R H Meakins and others.

An Introductory Ecology for the Arabian Gulf. Meakins, R.H. and Al-Mohanna, S.Y.

Oogenesis in Amiantis umbonella (Bivalvia) in Kuwait Bay, Kuwait. Prof. Meakins, R.H and others.

The Response of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, to Brassinosteriods. Dr Khurma, U.R and others.

Role of Brassinolide on juvenile emergence of Meloidogyne incognita. Dr Khurma, U. R. and others.

Research Activities

Research Projects:

a) Dr Anand Tyagi is working on the following research projects.

i). Determination of Genetic variation in some important Native Fijian Plant

Species of Evolutionary and Economic Importance (Principal Researcher).

ii). Seed viability in taro (Colocasia esculenta) after storage at different

temperatures with varying moisture contents. Funded by the International

Development Consultants and Project Managers (ACIL Australia Pty Ltd.)

b) i) Dr Anjeela Jokhan is working on taro (colocasia exulanta) seed

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viability project. This work is continuing (with Dr Tyagi).

ii) The study of stomatal apertures using Chinese cabbage epidermal peels is in progress to observe the effects of pH, abscisic acid and Ca2+ (Principal Researcher).

c) Dr Craig Morley is working on the predatory impacts of mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) on Fiji’s outer islands. This year he visited the islands of Beqa, Viwa (Tailevu), Moturiki, Malake, Nananu-I-ra, Drvuni, Laucala and Kioa as part of his work.

d) Mr Gunnar Keppel is currently involved in three major research projects. He is setting up a 16 ha permanent plot in a forest reserve at the Savura Catchment in Viti Levu. Within this plot all trees with a stem diameter greater than 1 cm will be mapped. The results will reveal much about the ecology and spatial distribution of many lowland rainforest tree species in Fiji.

e) Dr Ketan Christi is working on the following research projects:i). A study of both ecto and endo parasitic infestation in economically important animals and birds of Fiji. Faecal samples from cattle, goat, pony, poultry and duck. These were examined microscopically for gastro-intestinal parasitic infestation.

ii).To study the effect of kavalactone on developing embryo: Fertilized duck eggs were inoculated with different doses of kavalactone (n = 7) and Civicivi crude extract (n = 13) aliquot in collaboration with Professor Sotheeswaran, Dr Asifo (SOA) and Mr Poasa (Agriculture College)

f) Dr Mohammed Hatha is working on the following research projects:

i) Risk assessment of the shellfish along the cost of Fiji with special reference to Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Modification of gut microflora of gold fish (Carassius auratus) using Lactobacillus plantarum. .

g) Dr Uma Khurma is working on Occurrence and Distribution of Rot Knot Nematodes in Fiji.

h) Dr Michael Heads is continuing his research work on Biogeography of Fiji, Vanuatu and Samoa.

i) Mr Ravin Lal completed his research on Anti-microbial properties of Kava Lactones. He is also working on the effects of Kava Lactones on Cardiac Contractility, hypertension, gastric mortility and gynaecological implications.

Publication and Conference presentations:

Al-Mohanna, S.Y., Al-Rukhais, L.B. & Meakins, R.H. (2003). Oogenesis in Amiantis umbonella (Bivalvia) in Kuwait Bay, Kuwait. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, UK.

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Al-Zaidan, A.S.Y., Jones, D.A., Al-Mohanna, S.Y. & Meakins, R.H. (2003). Endemic macrofauna of the Sulaibikhat Bay salt marsh and mudflats, Kuwait: status and need for conservation. Journal of Arid Environments, 54: 105-114.

Appana S.D. & Vuki V.C. (2003). A novel method of assessing bioerosion by sea urchins Echinometra sp. A on a Fijian reef. South Pacific Journal of Natural Sciences, 21: 25-30.

Chandra, R., Leon, V., Bouraima, S., Tyagi, A. and Pineau, R. (2003). Different mechanisms involved in the first stage of development of Grevillea exul var. rubiginose (New Caledonian endemic pioneer plant). First International Meeting on ‘Preservation and Ecological restoration in tropical mining environment’ – Biodiversity, soils and waters. 15-20 July, 2003 IRD, Noumea, New Caledonia.

Comai, L., Tyagi, A.P. and Lysak, M.A. (2003). Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis of meiosis in Arabidopsis allopolyploids. Chromosome Researach, 11: 217-226.

Comai, L., Madlung, A., Josefsson, C. and Tyagi, A. (2003). Do the different parental ‘heteromes’ cause genomic shock in newly formed allopolyploids. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, B. 358: 1149-1155.

Edenius, L., Brodin, T. and White, N. (2003). Occurrence of Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus in relation to amount of old forest at landscape and home range scales. Ecological Bulletins 51.

Harish, R., C.M. Sumitha and A.A.M. Hatha (2003) Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of E. coli in extensive brackish water aquaculture ponds. Fishery Technology, 40: 8-12.

Hatha, A.A.M., T.K. Maqbool and S. Suresh Kumar (2003) Microbial quality of shrimp products of export trade produced from aquacultured shrimp. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 82: 213-221.

Heads, M. 2003a. Hebejeebie (Plantiginaceae), a new genus from the South Island, New Zealand, and Mt. Kosciusko, SE Australia. Bot. Soc. Otago News., 36: 10-12.

Heads, M. 2003b. A note on some attitudes in New Zealand botany. New Zealand Bot. Soc. Newsl. 72: 12-14.

Heads, M. 2003c. Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10: 311-449.

Heads, M. 2003d. The current status of biogeography in New Zealand. J. Auckland Bot. Soc., 58: 83-84.

Lal, Ravin (2003). Anti-microbial properties of kava lactones. Annual Meeting of the Americal College of Clinical Pharmacology In Tampa, Florida from 21-23 September, 2003.

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Meakins, R.H. & Al-Mohanna, S.Y. (2003). Some problems and importance of reptile biodiversity in arid regions. Journals of Arid Environments 54: 209-217.

Mujeeb Rahiman, K.M., Abirosh Chndran and A.A.M. Hatha (2003). Bacteriological quality of well water samples of Ponnani, a village at sea coast of Kerala. Indian Journal of Microbiology.,43:

Tyagi, A.P. (2003). Location and interseasonal variation in flowering, propagule setting and propagule size in mangroves species of family Rhizophoraceae. Wetland Ecology and Management 11: 167-174.

Tyagi, A.P. and comai, L. (2003). Chromosome composition and segregation in the allotetraploids of Arabidopsis thaliana and cardaminopsis arenosa. 20th Pacific Science Congress, 17-21 March 2003, Bangkok, Thailand.

Tyagi, A.P., and Rigamoto, R. (2003). Biodiversity and Conservation status of the coastal plant species of Rotuma Island, the Republic of Fiji. 20th Pacific Science Congress, 17-21 March 2003, Bangkok, Thailand.

Tyagi, A.P. and Rigamoto, R. (2003). A floristic survey of the coastal vegetation of Rotuma. 1st International Meeting. Preservation and ecological restoration in tropical mining environments. 15-20 July 2003, Noumea, New Caledonia.

Tyagi, A.P. and Kancherl, S.L. (2003). Chromosome analysis in natural and micropropagated Australian ornamental climber Pandorea pandorana. South Pacific Journal of Natural Sciences. 21: 57-58.

White, N. A., Sutherst, R.W., Hall, N. and Wish-Wilson, P. (2003). The vulnerability of the Australian beef industry to impacts of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) under climate change. Climatic Change.

Chemistry


Research effort is increasingly being directed in areas recognised both in the University Strategic Plan and more widely in the region as being crucial for the sustainable development and well being of the people of the Pacific Island Countries. These include Natural Product Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry and Food Chemistry, all of which can have important ramifications for the improvement of the agriculturally based economies of the island countries. For example, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) is funding a project on pesticide residues in vegetables so that the region can have better expertise on controlling the quality of its produce for both local and overseas markets. Other research areas are Environmental and Analytical Chemistry which can provide important tools and information for understanding, utilising and conserving the vulnerable resources of small island countries. Many of our Environmental Chemistry research projects are related to the

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issue of waste management and this area is emerging as a crucial issue for island countries. Analytical Chemistry research projects focus on the development of simple, low-cost techniques that can be used for environmental assessment in countries which do not have sophisticated laboratory facilities. All of the research areas have considerable scope for interdisciplinary research and greater effort is being directed towards developing such research programmes with other sections of the university as well as international collaborators. The Department has also been successful in increasing its outreach to the community through participation in scientific gatherings, giving popular lectures, and publishing research findings in local, regional and international outlets.

Research AreasAs in previous years, research was focussed in the areas of terrestrial and marine natural product chemistry; food chemistry; analytical chemistry; polymer chemistry; and environmental chemistry related to the atmosphere, inland, coastal and marine water bodies. All of these areas are aligned with the academic priority areas of the University Strategic Plan and the department will continue to primarily focus in these areas, as stipulated in the Department Research Plan. Coordination chemistry of metal ion complexes is another area that has attracted some recent interest although this area is not part of the overall research plan of the department.

Terrestrial and Marine Natural Product Chemistry

The Natural Products Research Group in the department consists of Professor Sotheeswaran, Dr Sadaquat Ali, Dr Tevita Voro and Dr Mani Naiker. Some of the projects of the group include isolation and identification of useful active metabolites from various marine organisms, and from various plants including the popular local herbal drink kava (Piper methysticum), and from noni or kura (Morianda citrifolia).

Collaborative research in the Marine Natural Products area is carried out with Professor Rob Capon of the University of Melbourne, Australia, with Dr Maryvonne Frostin of University of New Caledonia, Noumea, with Dr Dominique Laurent of IRD, Noumea, and with Dr Ali AL Mourabit, from ICSN, France. Professor Sotheeswaran and Dr Sadaquat Ali supervised the MSc research of Sachin Singh (Topic: Biologically active compounds from a Fijian sponge). Funds available for projects in this area in 2003 were $59,731.

In the Terrestrial Natural Products area collaboration exists with Professor Jean Pierre Dufour of the University of Otago, New Zealand. Total funds available in this area in 2003 were $42,000. Professor Sotheeswaran and Dr Sadaquat Ali supervised the MSc research of Kirti Patel (Topic: Phytochemical and microbiological studies of some Fijian plant extracts) and Ruth Amos (Topic: Phytochemical studies of the Vanuatu Garcinia species). As part of her research Kirti spent six months conducting bench work at University of New Caledonia and IRD in Noumea (funded by the French Embassy) and Ruth spent three months at the University of New South Wales conducting spectrometric studies (funded by the University Research Committee).

Food Chemistry

Researchers working in the area of food chemistry currently include Professor Sotheeswaran and Dr Culwick Togamana. Projects are on pesticide residue analysis

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in fruits and vegetables and antioxidants in and glycemic index of certain common Fiji foods. Professor Sotheeswaran and Dr Togamana supervised the MSc research of Satendra Prasad and Ranjini Devi (Topic: Pesticide residues in vegetables; funded by the South Pacific Commission (SPC) which provided $34,000 in 2003). The research on glycemic index is being conducted in collaboration with Monash University where Ms Jimaima Lako is enrolled for PhD studies (Topic: Antioxidants in some selected Fiji foods). Professor Sotheeswaran is co-supervisor of this student.

Analytical Chemistry

Research in analytical chemistry is directed towards development of low-cost analytical tools that will facilitate research in other research focal areas of the department such as environmental and food chemistry. Researchers include Dr Philomena Gangaiya, Professor Sotheeswaran, and Dr Surendra Prasad. Current projects in this area include development of fibre optic chemical sensors and kinetic methods of analysis for various environmental parameters. During the year, Dr Philomena Gangaiya spent part of her sabbatical leave at the Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Science (DIAS) at UMIST, UK where she worked with Dr Narayanaswamy, a collaborator in the fibre optics research. The visit was funded by the University Research Committee. During the year, Dr Prasad completed a University Research Committee funded project on a kinetic method of analysis for the determination of Cu(II). Three MSc research students are associated with this group. The first, Sharika Shalveen, is working on a fibre optic in-situ pH sensor and the other two, Tuikolongahau Halafihi and Adrien Chetty are involved with developing a kinetic method of analysis for the measurement of nitrite/nitrate in food samples.

Polymer Chemistry

Dr Jagjit Khurma and Mr. David Rohindra are conducting research in this area. The focus of research is in the areas of polymer blends, biodegradable polymers, polymers from waste materials and plastic recycling. Research collaboration exists with Associate Professor Allan Easteal of Auckland University and Professor Robert Shanks of Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University. Research students associated with this group are Preeti who has submitted her M.Sc. thesis after doing part of her research work at the University of Auckland on biodegradation of poly(caprolactone) and its blends under different environmental conditions. Mr. Parvish Kumar is working on the blends of chitin and chitosan. The M.Sc. research proposal of Mr. Ashween Nand on chitosan hydrogels has been accepted and Mr. Praneel Sharma is in the process of writing his MSc research proposal.

Environmental Chemistry

Research in environmental chemistry encompasses a whole range of different projects generally related to natural and anthropogenic contaminants in various parts of the environment and their effects on environmental processes. Projects related to atmospheric disturbances, and contaminants in inland, coastal, and marine areas are being carried out.

In atmospheric research, Associate Professor Koshy and Dr Matakite Maata continued with their project on monitoring ozone. This is a long-term project in collaboration with NASA in the USA, and Anand Chandra, an MSc student worked in

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this area under their supervision. Associate Professor Koshy and Dr Maata are also involved in a greenhouse gas study in collaboration with NIWA in New Zealand in which measurements of gases like methane, carbon isotopes, non-methane hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are being made. Mr Francis Mani is conducting MSc research in this area and had the opportunity of conducting part of his research studies at NIWA after being awarded a Young Scientist Fellowship Award by START International for training attachment. Mr Mani was also the winner of the SPAS Postgraduate Seminar Award for 2003 for which he was presented a cash prize and a shield for the best seminar.

Another prominent area in environmental chemistry research is related to heavy metal and other contamination of inland, coastal, and marine environments. Researchers are Professor Sotheeswaran, Associate Professor Koshy, Drs Philomena Gangaiya, Matakite Maata, and Culwick Togamana. One of the projects deals with clarification of water using Saijan (Moringa oleifera) seeds which is being conducted by Vikashni Nand, a Graduate Assistant working under the supervision of Professor Sotheeswaran, Associate Professor Koshy and Dr Maata. Heavy metal contamination studies relate to the Lami rubbish dump and copper, chromium and arsenic contamination from timber treatment facilities (with MSc student, Mr Tasleem Hassan working under the supervision of Dr Togamana). Within the broad framework of this research area, Dr Maata participated in the 6th Kayo-Maru cruise, a joint marine research collaboration between USP and the National Fisheries University of Japan.

The impact of excessive nutrient (particularly nitrogen and phosphorus) discharge in coastal marine environments is an issue of considerable concern to Pacific island countries and research in this area forms another facet of environmental chemistry research. Dr Philomena Gangaiya and Dr Culwick Togamana are currently involved with this research area. Dr Gangaiya is co-supervising the PhD studies of Mrs Milika Sobey who is enrolled at the University of Essex and is working on the role of denitrification in ameliorating nutrient discharges in the Suva lagoon. She is also co-supervising the PhD studies of Mrs Bale Tamata who is enrolled at the University of Wollongong and is investigating algal responses to nutrient discharges in coastal areas. Professor John Morrison, a former USP staff member, is the research collaborator for this project and with whom Dr Gangaiya spent the latter part of her sabbatical leave. Dr Togamana is supervising the MSc research of Saleshni Devi who is looking at removal of nutrients from sewage effluents using industrial wastes.

Coordination Chemistry of Metal Ion Complexes

Associate Professor Agarwal and Dr Surendra Prasad are involved in this research area and the University Research Committee has recently funded two of their projects. These are “An investigation on chelating behaviour of heterocyclic semicarbazones toward bioactive metal ions” ($13,566) and “An investigation on structure and bonding in some high coordinated complexes of thorium (IV) and dioxouranium (VI) derived from heterocyclic semicarbazones as primary ligand and diphenyl sulfoxide as secondary ligand” ($10,536). Dr Agarwal is also co-supervising the PhD studies of two students at Ch. Charan Singh University, India in this area. The topics are Synthesis, characterisation and pharmaceutical studies of some mixed ligand complexes of Lanthanide (III) derived from semicarbazones containing pyrazolone ring as primary ligand and sulfoxide as secondary ligand and Studies on effect of anions and dimehtylsulfoxide as secondary ligand on stereochemistry of Thorium (IV)

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and dioxouranium (VI) coordination compounds of semicarbazones of heterocyclic bases.

Publications

Books, and Chapters in BooksGangaiya, P. and Morrison, R.J. “Natural Water Chemistry.” Chemistry Serves the

South Pacific Ed. S. Sutcliffe and M. Vuki. University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji (in press).

Gangaiya, P. and Singh, N. “Soil Chemistry and Fertilizer Use.” Chemistry Serves the South Pacific. Ed. S. Sutcliffe and M. Vuki. University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji (in press)

Sotheeswaran, S., “Analysis of South Pacific Herbal Drugs.” Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for Botanicals. Ed. Robert Verpoorte and Pulok Mukherji. Business Horizons, New Delhi, 2003, 243-252.

Sreekumar, K., P.and Sotheeswaran, S. (2003). “The Antimycotic Potential of Fijian Plants”. Plant Derived Antimycotics – Current Trends and Future Prospects. Ed. M.K. Rai and D. Mares. Food Products Press and Imprint of the Haworth Press, Inc., New York, 2003, 441-458.

Refereed Papers in International and Regional JournalsAgarwal R.K., Chakraborti I. “Synthesis, spectral and thermal studies of some high

coordination compounds of thorium(IV) of 4[N-(4’-nitrobenzalidene)amino]antipyrine semicarbazone and 4[N-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxybenzalidene)amino]antipyrine semicarbazone.” Orient.J.Chem., 2003, 19, 332-342.

Agarwal,R.K.,Gupta Pravin, Chakraborti I, Singh Lakshman, “Synthesis and characterization of some hexa-coordinated iridium(III) complexes of semicarbazones derived from 4-aminoantipyrine.” Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, (in press).

Mahendra, N, Gangaiya, P., Sotheeswaran, S. and Narayanaswamy, R. “Investigation of an optical fiber Cu(II) sensor based on immobilised a-benzoinoxime (cupron).” Sensors and Actuators B, 2003, 90, 118 – 123.

Mani, F., Koshy, K. and Maata, M. “Methane concentration in Fiji air: a study of its emission trends and source strengths.” S.Pac.J.Nat.Sci., 2003, 21, 20-24.

Prasad, S. “Kinetics and mechanism of exchange of cyanide in hexacyanoferrate(II) by N-Methylpyrazinium ion in the presence of mercury(II) as a catalyst.” Transition Met. Chem., 2003, 28, 1-8.

Prasad, S. “Recent developments in kinetic methods for trace constituents.” Asian J. Chem., 2003, 15, 1-4.

Prasad, S. and Kunzru, D. “Spectrophotometric determination of phosphorus in aqueous, organic phases obtained on pyrolysis of naphtha.” Asian J. Chem., 2003, 15, 930-936.

Prasad, S. and Tu’ikolongahau Halafihi. “Development and validation of catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for determination of copper(II).” Mikrochimica Acta, 2003, 142, 237-244.

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Preeti, David R. Rohindra and Jagjit R. Khurma. “Biodegradation study of poly (e-caprolactone)/poly(vinyl butyral) blends.” S.Pac.J.Nat.Sci., 2003, 21, 47-49.

Technical Reports, Newsletters, etcAgarwal, R.K. “Biological role of metal ions in human life.” Chemistry in the Pacific

Islands, 2003, 8, 22-26.Lata, R. and Rohindra, D. “Heavy Metals.” Major Environmental Issues, An Outreach

to the South Pacific; The Chemical Society of the South Pacific, 2002, 107-112.Prasad, S. “Use green chemistry and be evergreen.” Chemistry in the Pacific Islands,

2003, 18, 26-28.Rohindra, D. “Acid Rain.” Major Environmental Issues, An Outreach to the South

Pacific. The Chemical Society of the South Pacific, 2002, 57-74.Togamana, C. Final Report on Pesticide Residual Analysis at USP, prepared for the

Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2003.

Conference Proceedings

Agarwal, R.K.,”Metals of human life” (Invited lectureNo.4). Proceedings of 22nd Annual Conference of Indian Council of Chemists, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India, 17-19 October 2003, p6.

Agarwal,R.K.,Kaushik S.D., Sharma,N.K.,Agarwal,H., “Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Some High Coordinated Coordination Compounds of Lanthanides (III) Derived from 4[N-(Pyridine-2-Carboxalidene)Amino]Antipyrine Semicarbazone.” Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Chemistry and its Applications, University of Qatar, Doha- State of Qatar, 6-9 December 2003, p388.

Agarwal, R.K., Prakash Bed. “S.tructure and Bonding in Some Ten Coordinated Complexes of Lanthanide(III) Nitrates with 4[N-(4’ Methoxybenzalidene)-Amino]Antipyrine Semicarbazone as Primary Ligand and Diphenyl Sulfoxide as Secondary Ligand” Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Chemistry and its Applications, University of Qatar, Doha- State of Qatar, 6-9 December 2003, p406.

Agarwal,R.K., “Synthesis, Spectral and Thermal Studies of Some High Coordinated Complexes of Dioxouranium(VI) with 4[N-(4’ Methoxybenzalidene)Amino]Antipyrine Semicarbazone as Primary Ligand and Diphenyl Sulfoxide as Secondary Ligand.” Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Chemistry and its Applications, University of Qatar, Doha- State of Qatar, 6-9 December 2003, p407.

Agarwal R.K., “ Structure and Bonding in Thorium(IV) Coordination Compounds of Schiff Bases— A Review.” Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Chemistry and its Applications, University of Qatar, Doha- State of Qatar, 6-9 December 2003, p451.

Agarwal R.K., “ Structure and Bonding in Thorium(IV) Coordination Compounds with Neutral Oxygen Donor Ligands.” Proceedings of the 40th Annual Convention of Chemists (Indian Chemical Society), Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India 23-27 December 2003, pV.

Agarwal, R.K., “ Synthesis and Physic-Chemical Characteristics of Some Mixed-Ligand Complexes of Thorium(IV) with Semicarbazones as Primary Ligand and

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Diphenyl Sulfoxide as Secondary Ligand.” Proceedings of the 40th Annual Convention of Chemists (Indian Chemical Society), Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India 23-27, December 2003, pA-14.

Surendra Prasad; “Kinetic Determination of Organo-sulphur Ligands by Inhibition: Trace Determination of Cysteine and Maleonitriledithiolate (MNDT).” (Accepted for presentation) .” Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Chemistry and its Applications, University of Qatar, Doha- State of Qatar, 6-9 December 2003, p667.

Surendra Prasad; “Development and Validation of a Novel Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Copper(II].” Presented at the 90th Indian Science Congress, Banglore Univ., Banglore, India, 3-7 January, 2003, [OP164].

Surendra Prasad. “Development of Method for Determination of Nanogram Amounts of Copper(II) by Its Catalytic Effect of Hexacyanoferrate(III)-Citric Acid Indicator Reaction.”. Presented at the 39th Annual Convention of Chemists (Conference of the Indian Chemical Society), Nagarjuna Univ., Nagarjuna Nagar, (A.P.), India, 22-26 December, 2002, [AEC(OP)-34].

Engineering


The department enrolled three MSc students in 2003. The respective titles and graduate students are as follows:

Development of an automated guided vehicle with an obstacle avoidance system: Mr. Shivendra Kumar [submitted; under examination]

Hybrid Differential Evolution Algorithm for Discrete Domain Problems: Mr. Donald Davendra [submitted; under examination]

Internet-based secured remote control of CNC drilling machine: Mr. Sunil Lal [near submission]

Food and Textiles


Research involvement for the department was mainly in the form of consultation and collaborative work with other major groups. The department acknowledges Permal Deo’s participation in the following research activities:

Data collection on “The reflective practitioner in the Pacific” coordinated by CELT, USP.

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Analytical work on Water and Flesh Content in Green and Brown coconut in association with Secretarial of the Pacific Community (SPC).

Invited member in the project “Strengthening Food Analytical Capabilities in the Pacific Region” coordinated by Institute of Applied Science and Koronivia Research Station. Funded by FAO.

Micro-nutrient research as part of National Nutrition Survey coordinated by NFNC and Ministry of Health.

Also recently completed a research by Jimaima Lako “Glyceamic Index Research on 5 local foods”. The research has been a breakthrough for further contributions from the department.

Mathematics and Computing Science

Journal Articles Blanke, W., and Bajaj, C. Active Visualization in a Multidisplay Immersive Environment Computers and Graphics: Special Issue on Graphics Hardware, 2003

Khan, M.G.M.; Design Using Dynamic Programming”, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, Vol. 45(1), 107-113.Khan, E.A. and Ahsan, M. J. (2003) “An Optimal Multivariate Stratified Sampling

Khan, E.A.; Khan, M.G.M. and Ahsan, M. J. (2003) “On Compromise Allocation in Multivariate Stratified Sampling”, The Aligarh Journal of Statistics, Vol. 23, 31-47.

Khan, M.G.M. and Ahsan, M.J. (2003) “A Note on Optimum Allocation in Multivariate Stratified Sampling”, The South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, Vol. 21, 91-95.

Mnukhin V., Siemons J (2002)., “On modular homology of simplicial complexes:Saturation”, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, A98, 377-394.

Vanualailai J. and Sharma B. (2003} “Nonlinear Controllers for a Planar Robot Arm in a Constrained Environment”, Southwest Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Issue 1, pp 43-55.

Vanualailai J., and S. Nakagiri, (2003), “Stability of a System of Volterra Integro-differential Equations”, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. Vol. 281, No. 2, pp. 602 - 619.

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Conference PublicationsSharma B. and Vanualailai, J. (2003) “New Sufficient Conditions for Glogal Exponential Stability for Hopfield Neural Networks”, 5th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Sydney Australia , July 7 – 11

Physics


Environment/ Energy activitiesThe major projects currently underway include:

DANIDA funded project on ‘Capacity Building for wind project’ in collaboration with SOPAC and RISO (Denmark). The project was being coordinated by Dr Kumar and Dr Prasad. A post-graduate course on wind energy applications was offered by the department for the first time. Three students completed the course. Following a grant from the French Embassy, negotiations for the purchase of a 20kW wind turbine from Vergnet Pacific was completed. The turbine will be installed near the Fiji Mineral Resources Division HQ at Mead Road. UNESCAP approached PTET to run a training workshop for the region. It was agreed, after intense negotiations, that a pilot training on wind energy will be conducted during the mid-semester break, semester 1, 2004. All the contractual details between UNESCAP and USP have been completed, under which this regional activity will be held from 29 March to 2 April, 2004.

Through the efforts of the Coordinator, PTET, Dr Mahendra Kumar, USP has been accepted as a member of the Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD). USP joins an exclusive group of international organiations like AFREPREN/FWD (Kenya), AIT (Thailand), EDRC (South Africa), COPPER(Brazil), TERI(India), ERI(China) and FB(Argentina) with the long-term objectives of enhancing national institutional capacities to develop policy and undertake planning and research efforts that integrate solutions to energy, environment and development problems, and reduce pollution from energy activities. He was invited to a meeting of First GNESD Partner Assembly in November, Nairobi, Kenya.

Dr Surendra Prasad represented the USP at a regional workshop on “Gender, Energy and Sustainable Development”, from 4-8 August, in Nadi.

Ms Kirti Mala participated in a UNESCAP sponsored workshop on “Institutional Capacity Building on Renewable Energy Training in Pacific Island Developing Sates: Pilot Training on Solar Photovoltaic Project Development”, 24-28 November, SOPAC.

Dr Mahendra Kumar represented the USP at the 12 th Annual Pacific Power Annual Conference on the theme “Renewables for Sustainability”, 28 July- 1 August, Palau.

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Dr Kumar contributed to Fiji’s National Assessment for Barbados +10, particularly to sections on science and technology, energy and climate change.

The Energy group successfully negotiated a grant from the Pacific Forum Partnership & Pacific Islands development to look at the feasibility of a mobile renewable energy demonstration system. Wei Wen Yu, a graduating student, developed a proposal that will be a basis for further work.

Research in Progress:

Investigation of rates of floodplain sediment accretion in tropical Pacific island river basins (Project No. 6584 funded by USP and the University of Guelph, Investigators: J. Terry, S. Garimella and R. Costaschuk):

During the period 6 – 20 December 2002, the above team traveled to Samoa and looked at the floodplains of several rivers in the two big islands Upolu and Savai’i. Due to the volcanic nature of the islands, most river basins are littered with boulders and there are few developed floodplains. The team found a good floodplain at the Falefa River in eastern Upolu. Sediment core samples at intervals of 3.0 cm were collected to a depth of 1.90 m (almost up to the water level). The samples were brought back to Suva and their 137Cs concentrations measured using the HPGe spectrometer. These measurements revealed that the floodplain accretion rate during the last 40 years is 4.0 0.1 cm a-1. This is a very high accretion rate, but this could be attributed to frequent and violent cyclones in the region and high soil erosion rates due to the steep topography of Samoa.

Floodplain accretion rate in the Wainimala tributary of the Rewa river in Fiji was previously investigated by the same team (See Geomorphology 42, 171-182, 2002) and the accretion rate here was found to be about 3.0 cm a -1. Both Fiji and Samoa have similar problems (frequent cyclones and high soil erosion rates).

Total suspended particulates (TSP) and Concentrations of heavy metals and trace elements in air at Suva, Fiji (MSc project of Mr Ravin Deo, Supervisor: S. Garimella)

Using a high volume air sampler (1 m3 min-1), weekly aerosol samples were collected on Whatman-41 filter papers. About 15 locations in Suva were chosen and each site was sampled for 4 – 7 weeks since 2002. The sites are classified into three categories: residential, industrial and heavy traffic areas.

TSP values for residential and heavy traffic areas were similar, with concentrations in the range 20 – 60 g m3 of air. Industrial locations had concentrations 40 – 90 g m3, while inside a steel factory it was 100 – 340 g m3. This should be compared to the WHO guideline of 60 - 90g m3 for polluted sites.

Elemental concentrations in the filters were determined using the neutron activation analysis technique. About 8 cm2 of each filter was irradiated for 4 hours at a thermal neutron flux of about 3 x 1012 cm2 s-1 in the HIFAR reactor at ANSTO, Sydney. The samples were flown back to Suva after a waiting period of 3 days. Upon arrival in Suva, the samples were measured by the HPGe spectrometer at USP and analysed.

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Concentrations of elements (ng m3) in air at Suva measured using the neutron activation analysis technique.

Radio Wave Research Group (Electrical Communication)

Radio Wave Research Group is studying the different parameters that influence radio communication working. Currently the group is probing the near-Earth space that includes Earth-Ionosphere waveguide, ionosphere and magnetosphere using different radio wave techniques. The implications of research outcome are in areas of navigational and public communications. Tropospheric propagation studies and effects of some atmospheric parameters on satellite communication are also being investigated. Ionospheric data obtained using ground-based HF/UHF/VHF radio wave techniques (ionosonde and scintillation) at another low latitude stations are being analysed.

A system capable of receiving ELF/VLF radio wave signals generated by return strokes of lightnings and navigational VLF transmitters was installed in collaboration with World-Wide Lightning Location (WWLL) Network. This is an international collaborative network in which more than 15 universities and National institutes all over the world are participating. The data recorded will be analyzed to study the upper atmospheric parameters that have implications in the area of communication.

The development of a global specification and forecast system for scintillation is needed in view of our increased reliance on space-based and navigation communication systems, which are vulnerable to ionospheric scintillation. They are also important parameters in Space Weather Research and Forecasting. A new Super High High Frequency (SHF) receiving and recording facility has been installed to record the ionospheric scintillations. The system is also capable of receiving scintillations in VHF signals. Mr. Amol Kishore is working for his M. Sc. Degree in the area of VLF and SHF radio wave techniques.

The main achievements of the group during the year 2003 are:

Published five research papers in Journals of regional and international repute.

Mr. Vickal Kumar successfully completed his MSc. research work under the supervision of Dr. Ramachandran. Title of thesis: “Effects of atmospheric parameters on Ku-band satellite link.”

Prof. R Dowden, Emeritus Professor of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin New Zealand, and Director of WWLL network visited the Department as consultant to inspect and test the newly installed lightning detection system. The possibility of collaborative research in the field of ELF-VLF propagation studies was also discussed during his visit.

A memorandum of understanding was signed between USP and LF-EM Research, Dunedin, NZ under the collaborative research activities involving Radio Wave

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Research Group on ELF-VLF studies. Dr. S. Kumar is one of the Co-PI of joint project on “Coordinated Whistler Studies at Antarctica” under the Indo-South African Programme of Cooperation (POC) of Science & Technology, commencing from January, 2003 for three years involving University of Bhopal, India and University of Natal, SA.

Publications

1. Initial results of VLF emissions observations on the ground station at Maitri, Antarctica. Sunil K. Singh, Sushil Kumar and A. K. Gwal 2003, Ind. J. Radio and Space Phys, 32, 70-74, 2003.

2. Daytime very low frequency (VLF) emissions observed at Maitri, Antarctica. Sunil K. Singh, Sushil Kumar and A. K. Gwal 2003, Ind. J. Phys. 77B(4), 463-467.

3. Whistlers observed at low latitude stations Bhopal and Jammu. Sunil K. Singh, Sushil Kumar, A. K. Gwal, Lalmani and Rajou Kumar 2003, Ind. J. Phys., 77B (6), 625-629.

4. Preliminary findings of the effect of some atmospheric parameters on Ku-band satellite link. V. Ramachandran and V. Kumar 2003, The South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 21, 59-62.

5. Cloud-to-ground lightning location using TOGA of sferics. V. Ramachandran, S. Kumar and A. Kishore 2003, The South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 21, 63-65.

6. Initial results of VLF emissions observations on the ground station at Maitri, Antarctica. Sunil K. Singh, Sushil Kumar and A. K. Gwal 2003, Ind. J. Radio and Space Phys, 32, 70-74, 2003.

7. Garimella,S., Koshy, K. and Singh, S. Concentration of 7Be in surface air at Suva, Fiji. South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 21, 15-19, 2003.

Presented papers

Kumar, M, “Science and Sustainability Science – Pacific Science Association”, presented to the Science Council of Japan sponsored International Conference on Science and Technology for Sustainability – Energy and Sustainability Science – held in Tokyo, Japan, 16-19 December 2003.

Kumar, M, “Training, Research and Development Activities at USP in Renewable Energy”, presented to 12th Annual Pacific Power Annual Conference on the theme “Renewables for Sustainability”, 28 July- 1 August, Palau.

“National Communications from Non-Annex 1 Parties and Consultative Group of Experts”, invited presentation to regional meeting on climate change, organized by SPREP, November, 2003.

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School of Social and Economic Development

Research and Publication — general note

Table 1 gives a numerical summary of the major publications and presentations of each department during the course of the year. Details by department are included at the end of this chapter. In this context, publications and presentations are regarded as a reflection of research activities and interests and consultancy reports are regarded as a form of publication.

Table 1 Numerical summary of publication, 2003

Department/Programme

Type of publicationBooks Journal

articlesChaptersin books

Conference proceedings and presentations

Reviews, Scholarly comment

Working papers,Reports (technical and consultancy)

Web-sites

Popular press (periodical and newspaper articles)

Accounting and Financial Management

- 5 - 9 1 2 - 1

Economics 2 14 2 3 - 9 - -Geography - 15 - 17 - 4 - -History/Politics - 6 2 3 3 1 - 3Land Management and Development

- 4 - 7 - 3 1 -

Management and Public Administration

- 4 1 2 - 1 - 1

Sociology 1 3 2 5 - 5 - -Centre for Development Studies

- 2 - 3 - 1 - -

Marine Affairs - 6 1 4 - 3 1 -MBA - 2 3 4 - - - 11Population Studies - - - - - 6 - -Tourism Studies - 5 1 9 - 2 - -

It is encouraging to note that most departments, despite the heavy teaching loads, have been able to maintain their scholarly presence in the intellectual community. Most notably during the year, 3 books, 12 chapters in books, 66 journal articles and 66 significant conference papers have been produced.

Table 2 presents the distribution of research funds approved by the University and School Research Committees, and the present status of the work at the end of 2003.

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Those numbers in parentheses indicate a commitment made in 2002. As shown in the table, four projects approved in 2002 have been completed, and the others are still in progress. The Geography Department has received the highest total in research grants, while MBA and Population Studies requested no research funds from the university. (A significant proportion of research funding, though, has been from extra-University sources.)

Table 2 Recipients of research funds and the outcome

Department/Programme

Number of research projects approved

Amount granted Status of work

URC1 SRC2 URC1 SRC2

Accounting and Financial Management

(2) ($4,889.) Still in progress

Economics2

(1)4 $20,182.

($1,069.)$14,636.

Still in progressStill in progress

Geography (4)4

(1)3

($57,199).$74,131

($4,680).$10,555

CompletedStill in progress

History/Politics (2)1

(4)4

($13,265).$7,838

($8,471)$8,410.


Land Management and Development

1 $4,160 Completed


(1)1

($5,520.)$16,440.

CompletedStill in progress

Sociology (1)1

$4,670.$2,942

Closed [?]Still in progress

Centre for Development Studies

(1)1

(5)10

($6,111)$6,537.

($11,841)$23,483


Marine Affairs (1)1

($660).$2,725


MBA n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aPopulation Studies

n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Tourism Studies (1) (1) ($10,460) ($1,065). Still in progress

Notes 1 University Research Committee 2 School Research Committee

The SSED research committee (SRC) approved a total of 24 new projects in 2003, amounting to a total of $66,914. This compares with 15 projects amounting to $37,345 in 2002, thus representing an increase of funding of nearly 90% over the previous year.

Publications, Conference Presentations, Reports and Some Notes on Research-in-Progress

The following is a select list, by department and programme, of publications, reports and presentations reflecting the research interests and output of the School. This list is indicative of the breadth of research interests as well as the degree of cooperation within the School and of relations with both academic and non-academic communities.

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Emboldened names in cases of joint authorship show that the author is a member of the department with which the listing is made. Thus some items may appear more than once. Publications of staff who are joint appointments are also listed with both departments.

Department of Accounting and Financial Management

Journal ArticlesBoydell S. and Shah, K. An Inquiry into the Nature of Land Ownership in Fiji. Digital Library of the Commons, 2003, at http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/12/08/

Chand, P. ‘Impediments to harmonization – the case for Fiji and PNG.’ The Fiji Accountant, 2003.

Patel, A. ‘Internal auditors: the current status and future directions.’ Journal of the Institute of Internal Auditors, Jan.–May 2003.

Patel, A. ‘Role of audit committees in corporate governance.’ Fiji Accountant, May 2003: 44–7.

White M. ‘Accounting regulation and your pension.’ Fiji Accountant, October 2003: 12–20.

White M. ‘The financial viability of the Fiji Sugar Corporation: an assessment from the corporation’s annual financial reports.’ Fijian Studies: a journal of contemporary Fiji (Fiji Institute of Applied Studies, Lautoka), 1(2), 2003: 287–300.

Book ReviewsShah K ‘Review of Butterworths Australian Competition Law, R. Steinwall.’ Journal of South Pacific Law, 7 (1), 2003: 1–6.

Working Papers and Research ReportsSharma, M.D. and Timiti, Uriam. ‘Subsidy dependence and financial sustainability in development banks: a case study of a small Pacific Island Country.’ Research Paper Series, National University of Wales at Bangor, UK, 2003.

Forthcoming papers and other research/papers in progress, 2003Chand, P. Differential reporting in Australasia. Paper in progress.

Chand, P. Harmonization is still off target in Australasia. Paper in progress.

Chand, P. ‘Impetus to the success of harmonization – the case of South Pacific Island Nations.’ Critical Perspectives on Accounting, (forthcoming).

Chand, P. Judgements of accountants in flexible versus rigid rules. Paper in progress.

Chand, P. ‘Relevance of International Accounting Standards to developing countries: the case for Fiji’, (under review by a refereed journal).

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http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/12/08/

Patel, A. Earnings management in private companies in Fiji.

Patel, A. and Chand, A. Academic performance in first-year university computer studies of students who study computer studies in secondary school.

Patel, A. and Patel, R. Choice of discipline in secondary schools and first-year university academic performance.

Patel, A. and Patel, R. A longitudinal study of students’ performance in the accounting programme at the University of the South Pacific.

Patel, A. and Patel R. ‘Student ethnicity and academic performance in first-year university accounting education.’ Fijian Studies, (forthcoming).

Patel, A. and Patel, R. Student learning styles, mode in which first-year university courses are delivered and its relationship to first-year university academic performance.

Patel, A. and Sharma, M.D. Working capital management efficiency in the industrial sector, with special reference to the Fiji Islands.

Sharma, M.D. ‘Some conceptual and application dimensions of loss-given-default in the context of the Basel Accord.’ International Journal of Finance and Economic Studies, (JNV University, India), (forthcoming). (The paper was blind reviewed by two referees and accepted for publication after two revisions.)

Sharma, M.D. and Timiti, Uriam. ‘Subsidy dependence and financial sustainability in development banks: a case of the Fiji Development Bank.’ Fijian Studies: a journal of contemporary Fiji, (Fiji Institute of Applied Studies, Lautoka), (forthcoming). (The paper was blind reviewed by three referees.)

Sharma M.D. and Patel, A. Money laundering: a global perspective.

Sharma, P. and Reddy, M. Empirical modelling of bank-driven customer exit.Conference Presentations

Boydell, S. and Shah, K. An inquiry into the nature of native ownership in Fiji. Paper presented to the International Association for the Study of Common Property, in Brisbane, 6–9 September 2003.

Myers, M. and Shah, K. Native title is worth less than freehold. A review of three recent High Court rulings. Paper presented by M. Myers in LMD 4 o’clock Forum Series, 18 March 2003.

Patel, A. and Patel, R. Effects of the way pre-degree accounting knowledge is obtained and performance in first-year university accounting. Paper presented to the Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand (AFAANZ), July 2003.

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Patel, A. and Patel, R. Effects of the way pre-degree accounting knowledge is obtained and performance in first-year university accounting. Paper presented to Pan-Pacific Conference XX, Shanghai, China, May 2003.

Patel, A. and Verma, V. An evaluation of the various structural alternatives for audit committees within the corporate governance framework. Paper delivered to the Foundation for Development Cooperation’s Development Research Symposium, Governance in Pacific States: Reassessing Roles and Remedies, ANU–FDC–USP, 30 September – 2 October 2003.

Shah, K. Legal aspects of land in Fiji. Paper presented in the LMD 4 o’clock Forum Series, 22 April 2003 and published on the Land Management Department Website.

Sharma, M.D. Credit risk in leasing with special reference to small island economies. Paper for presentation at the 2003 Annual Meeting of the Academy of Financial Services (AFS), Denver, Colorado, USA, 8–9 October 2003. (The paper is also being published as a Conference Paper by the AFS, USA, having been accepted after a blind review process with 2 reviewers.)

Sharma, M.D. Determinants of recovery efficiency in financial leasing, with special reference to small Pacific Island Countries. Paper (accepted after blind review) for presentation at the NEBAA International Conference, 2003. (An extended abstract of the paper has been published by the Southern Connecticut University, New Haven and CIBER, University of Connecticut, Starrs, USA.)

Sharma, P. and Reddy, M. Financial exclusion in Fiji: market versus self-driven causes. Paper presented at the 3rd Biennial Conference of the International Development Studies Network of Aotearoa New Zealand, at Massey University, New Zealand, 5–7 December 2002.

Sharma, P. and Reddy, M. Financial sector governance in micro-states: issues and challenges for Fiji. Paper presented at the Global Development Network Fourth Annual Global Development Conference: Globalisation and Equity, Cairo, Egypt, 19–21 January 2003.

White, M. and Chand, P. Accountability of the private sector to the people of Fiji: regulation through global pressure and professional interests. Paper delivered at the Foundation for Development Cooperation’s Development Research Symposium, Governance in the Pacific States: Reassessing Roles and Remedies. ANU–FDC–USP, 30 September – 2 October 2003.

EconomicsBooksJayaraman, T.K. Financial Sector Development and Private Investment in Vanuatu. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand and Institute of Pacific Studies, USP, Suva, Fiji, 2003. (ISBN: 1-877175-27-7. 161 pp.)

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Jayraman, T.K. Issues in Monetary Economics of the South Pacific Island Countries. USP Book Centre, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, 2003. (ISBN 982-01-0543. 321 pp.)

Journal Articles (refereed; single or joint author)Gani, A. ‘The effects of information technology achievement and diffusion on foreign direct investment’, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2003. (RJ)

Gani, A. ‘An empirical investigation of the spill-over effects of services and manufacturing sectors in ASEAN countries’, Asia Pacific Development Journal, 2003. (RJ)

Jayaraman, T.K ‘Is there a case for a single currency for the South Pacific Island Countries.’ Pacific Economic Bulletin, Australian National University, 18(1) 2003: 41–53. (RJ)

Jayaraman, TK. ‘Prospects for a currency union in the Pacific: a preliminary assessment.’ Journal of Pacific Studies, 25(2) 2001 (published 2003): 173–201. (RJ)

Jayaraman, T.K. and Sharma, R. ‘Why is interest rate spread high in Fiji? Results from a preliminary study.’ Fijian Studies: a journal of contemporary Fiji (Fiji Institute of Applied Studies, Lautoka), 1 (1) 2003: 75–104. (RJ)

Jayaraman, T.K. and Hou, R. ‘Central bank coordination and cooperation in the South Pacific.’ Development Bulletin, (Australian Development Network, Canberra), no. 60, December 2003: 72–5. (RJ)

Prasad, B. ‘Economic instruments versus environmental regulations: its applicability to Pacific Island Countries.’ South Pacific Study, (Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan), 23(2) 2003: 1–10. (RJ)

Prasad, B. ‘Globalisation, human dimensions and environmental change in the South Pacific Island Nations.’ South Pacific Study (Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan), 24(1) 2003: 1–14. (RJ)

Prasad, B. ‘Institutional economics and economic development: the theory of property rights, economic development, good governance and the environment.’ International Journal of Social Economics, 30 (6) 2003: 741–62. (RJ)

Prasad, B. ‘Institutional responses to environment and natural resources management: a case of the Sustainable Development Bill for Fiji”, Global Environmental Research, 7 (1) 2003: 123–8. (RJ)

Prasad, B. ‘Merging interest in Fiji: essential ingredients for better economic performance.’ Pacific Economic Bulletin, 18 (1) 2003: 121–30. (RJ)

Prasad, B. and Asafu-Adjaye, J. ‘Trade liberalisation and environmental quality in Forum Island Countries (FICs): is it a case of “two gains for one”?’ International Journal of Social Economics, 30 (12) 2003: 1288–305. (RJ)

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Prasad, B. and Narayan, P. ‘Does Tourism Granger cause economic growth in Fiji?’ The Empirical Economic Letters, 2(5) 2003: 199–208. (RJ)

Prasad, B. and Narayan, P. ‘Fiji National Budget 2003: building a resilient economy?’ Pacific Economic Bulletin, 18 (12) Nov. 2003: 91–107. (RJ)

Prasad, B. and Narayan, P. ‘Fiji’s sugar, tourism and garment industries: a survey of performance, problems and potentials.’ Fijian Studies: a journal of contemporary Fiji (Fiji Institute of Applied Studies, Lautoka), 1(1) 2003: 3–28. (RJ)

Rao, G. ‘Lending trends in the sugar cane sector in Fiji.’ Fijian Studies: a journal of contemporary Fiji (Fiji Institute of Applied Studies, Lautoka), 1(2) November 2003. (RJ)

Book ChaptersFraenkel, J. ‘The Pacific Islands.’ In Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History. Oxford University Press, New York, 2002: 151–5.

Fraenkel, J. ‘Electoral engineering and the politicisation of ethnic frictions in Fiji.’ In Can Democracy be Designed? The politics of institutional choice in conflict-torn societies, eds S. Bastian and R. Luckham. IDS, Sussex, Zed Books, London, 2003: 220–52.

Working Papers Fraenkel, J. The coming anarchy in Oceania? A critique of the Africanisation of the South Pacific thesis. USPEC Working Paper Series, (Economics Department, SSED), no. 2003/2, 2003. (37 pp.)

Gani, A. High technology exports and growth: evidence from technological leader and potential leader category of countries. USPEC Working Paper Series, (Economics Department, SSED), 2003.

Jayaraman, T.K. Determinants of interest rate spread in the Pacific Island countries: some evidence from Fiji. USPEC Working Paper Series, (Economics Department, SSED), no. 2003/4, 2003. (22 pp.)

Jayaraman, T.K. Is money multiplier relevant in a small, open economy? Empirical evidence from Fiji. USPEC Working Paper Series, (Economics Department, SSED), no. 2003/3, 2003. (11 pp.)

Jayarman, T. K. A single currency for the South Pacific Islands: a dream or a distant possibility? USPEC Working Paper Series, (Economics Department, SSED) no. 2003/1, 2003.

Jayaraman, T.K. and Ward, B. Efficiency of investment in Fiji: results of an empirical study. USPEC Working Paper Series, (Economics Department, SSED), no. 2003/7, 2003. (9 pp.)

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Prasad, B. and Narayan, P. Sugar industry reform in Fiji, production decline and its economic consequences, Department of Economics Discussion Papers, (Monash University, Victoria), no.13/03, 2003.

Rao, B. The nature of the ADAS model based on the ISLM model. USPEC Working Paper Series, (Economics Department, SSED), no. 2003/9, 2003.

Rao, B. (jointly with Singh, R.). Demand for money in India: 1953–2002. USPEC Working Paper Series, (Economics Department, SSED), no. 2003/11, 2003.

PresentationsJayaraman, T.K. Financial institutions and governance in Fiji: banking supervision: past trends and future directions. Paper presented at the Development Research Symposium on Governance in Pacific States: reasoning roles and remedies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, 30 September – 2 October 2003.

Sharma, K.L. Growth, inequality and poverty in Fiji Islands: institutional constraints and issues. Paper presented at the 25th International Conference of Agricultural Economists, Durban, South Africa, 10–15 August 2003.

Sharma, K.L. Production linkages between farm and nonfarm sectors in Fiji Islands. Paper presented at the 14th International Conference on Input–Output Techniques, Montreal, Canada, 10–15 October 2002.

Geography

Journal Articles (single author)Nunn, P.D. 2003. ‘Fished-up or thrown-down: the geography of Pacific Island origin myths.’ Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93, 2003: 350–64.

Nunn, P.D. ‘Revising ideas about environmental determinism: human–environment relations in the Pacific Islands.’ Asia–Pacific Viewpoint, 44, 2003: 63–72.

Terry, J.P. ‘The problems of tropical cyclones in the South Pacific.’ South Pacific Newsletter, 14, 2003: 1–5.

Terry, J.P. ‘Shoreline erosion on a low coral island in Fiji – causes and consequences.’ South Pacific Studies, 2002.

Terry, J.P. ‘Water resources, climate variability and climate change in Fiji.’ Asia Pacific Journal on Environment and Development 9, 2002: 86–120.

Thaman, R. R. 2002. ‘Trees outside forests as a foundation for sustainable development in the Small Island Developing States of the Pacific Ocean.’ The International Forestry Review, 4 (4) December 2002: 268–76.

Weber, E. ‘Fidschi: Eliten und ethnische Unruhen (Fiji: Elites and ethnic tensions).’ Blätter des iz3w, Nr. 267, S. 2003: 76–81.

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Journal Articles (joint author)Bettencourt, S., Campbell, J., de Wet, N., Falkland, A., Feresi, J., Jones, R., Kench, P., Kenny, G., King, W., Lehodey, P., Limalevu, L., Raucher, R., Taeuea, T., Terry, J., Teutabo, N. and Warrick, R. 2002 The impacts of climate change in Pacific Island economies: policy and development implications. Asia Pacific Journal on Environment and Development, 9, 142-165.

Kostaschuk, R., Terry, J. and Raj, R. ‘Suspended sediment transport during tropical cyclone floods in Fiji’ Hydrological Processes ,17, 2003: 1149–64.Nunn, P.D., Ollier, C.D., Hope, G.S., Rodda, P., Omura, A. and Peltier, W.R. ‘Late Quaternary sea-level and tectonic changes in northeast Fiji.’ Marine Geology, 187, 2002: 299–311.

Terry, J.P., Garimella, S. and Kostaschuk, R.A. ‘Rates of floodplain accretion in a tropical island river system impacted by cyclones and large floods.’ Geomorphology, 42, 2002: 171–83.

Terry, J.P., and Kostaschuk, R.A.. ‘Rapid rates of channel migration in a Pacific island river.’ Journal of Pacific Studies, 25, 2001 (published 2003): 277–89.

Terry, J.P. and Nunn, P.D. 2003. ‘Interpreting features of carbonate geomorphology on Niue Island, a raised coral atoll.’ Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl.-Vol. 131, 2003: 43–57.

Terry, J.P., Ollier, C.D. and Pain, C.F. ‘Geomorphological evolution of the Navua River, Fiji.’ Physical Geography, 23, 2002: 418–26.

Thaman, R.R., Meleisea, M. and Makasiale, J. ‘Agricultural diversity and traditional knowledge as insurance against natural disasters.’ Pacific Health Dialogue, 9 (1) 2002: 76–85.

Reports and Technical Documents (single author)Terry, J.P. Coastal Erosion Survey on Naitauba Island, northern Lau, Fiji. Report prepared for the Naitauba Trust, Suva, Fiji, 2002. (20pp.)Reports and Technical Documents (joint author)

Hay, J.E., Mimura, N., Campbell, J., Fifita, S., Koshy, K., McLean, R.F., Nakalevu, T., Nunn, P. and de Wet, N. Climate variability and change and sea-level rise in the Pacific Islands region. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa, 2003. (108 pp.)

Kumar, R., Nunn, P.D., Katayama, K., Oda, H., Matararaba, S. and Osborne, T. 2003. An early human settlement site in Fiji: the first dates from the 2002 excavations at Naitabale, Moturiki Island. Technical Report No. 2003/06, Institute of Applied Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, 2003.

Terry, J.P. and Raj, R. ‘The 1997–98 El Niño and drought in the Fiji Islands.’ In Hydrology and Water Management in the Humid Tropics. Technical Documents in Hydrology No. 52, UNESCO International Hydrology Programme-V, Paris, 2002: 80–93.

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Conference Participation and PapersProfessor Nunn gave a keynote address at the 20th Pacific Science Congress in Bangkok in March 2003. His subject was Environmental Influences on the Dispersion of Humans throughout the Pacific Basin and he repeated the lecture two months later at USP. He also gave the keynote closing address at the Pasifika Medical Association Conference 2003 in September in Fiji. His address was entitled Pacific Peoples: origins, itineraries, and encounters. Dr Terry attended several conferences, and also had papers presented by co-authors at other international meetings. In 2003 he was invited and funded by the Russian Government (through the FAO) to take part on the International Organizing Committee of the World Climate Change Conference in Moscow. This politically and globally important conference was convened and hosted by Russian President Vladimir Putin. Other conference papers are listed below:

Terry, J.P. Climate extremes in the South Pacific Islands – Illustrating tropical cyclones and droughts. World Climate Change Conference, Moscow, Russia, 29 September–3 October 2003.

Terry, J.P. Tropical cyclones and their impacts in the Fiji Islands. Comprehensive Research Workshop on the Life Cycle of Typhoons. Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 12–13 November, 2003.

Terry, J.P. and McGree, S. Climatology of tropical cyclones in the South Pacific. International Conference on Managing Water Resources under Climatic Extremes and Natural Disasters, UNESCO International Hydrology Programme, 27 October–1 November 2003.

Terry, J.P., Raj, R. and Kostaschuk, R.A. 2003 Tropical cyclones and floods in the Fiji Islands. International Conference on Managing Water Resources Under Climatic Extremes and Natural Disasters, UNESCO International Hydrology Programme, Sigatoka, Fiji, 27 October–1 November 2003.

Thaman, R.R. Development embracing environment: Environmental governance and accountability as a precondition for sustainable development in the Pacific Islands – a personal, corporate, national and global challenge. Keynote address presented to the Fiji Institute of Accountants Congress 2003 on the theme Many Voices, One Dream, Sheraton Fiji Resort, Nadi, Fiji Islands, 9-10 May 2003.

Thaman, R.R. Ethnobiodiversity in a changing island world. The preservation and application of ethnobiological knowledge as a basis for the conservation of Pacific Island biodiversity in the face of global change. Paper presented at the Pacific–Asia Biodiversity Transect Network (PABITRA) session on the Conservation of Pacific Island Biodiversity in the Face of Global Change, at the 20th Pacific Science Congress on the theme ‘Science and Technology for Healthy Environments’, Bangkok, Thailand, 17–21 March 2003.

Thaman, R.R.. Island biodiversity at Risk: the need for a rekindling of the knowledge of the nature and status of island biodiversity as a basis for sustainable development in SIDS – A snapshot of the Pacific Islands. Paper presented at Small Islands States

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Experts Meeting on Capacity Building for Sustainable Development in Small Island Developing States: Building Partnerships for Environmental Protection, Education, Public Awareness and Training, hosted by USP, 3–6 November 2003. (Meeting proceedings distributed on CD).

Thaman, R.R. USP and the globalisation and regionalisation of bioinformatics. Report on the Joint International Forum on Biodiversity Information: Building Capacity in Asia and Oceania, USP, Suva, 4–10 October 2003.Thaman, R.R. and Boydell, S. Report of the Pacific Regional Preparatory Meeting for the Review of the Barbados Program of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, 4–8 August, 2003, Apia, Samoa. (Prepared for Acting Vice-Chancellor, members of the Advisory Group on Environment (AGE), PACE Advisory Committee, USP CROP Type II Initiative co-ordinators and other interested parties at USP.) The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands.

Thaman, R.R., Bulai, S. and Pouru, K. (eds). Report on Sub-regional Training Workshop on Agroforestry/Drum Ovens for Atoll Islands, 17 October–1 November, 2000. Working Paper No. 3. Forests and Trees Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Suva, Fiji Islands, 2002.

Thaman, R.R., Gillett, R.D. and Faka‘osi, S. ‘Community-based marine biodiversity surveys and marine resource management plant (MRMPs) as a basis for the conservation and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems in the Pacific Islands.’ In Coral reefs in the Pacific: Status and monitoring, resources and management, ed. M. Kulbicki. Proceedings of the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) Regional Symposium, 22–24 May 2000, Noumea, New Caledonia. Institut de recherche pour le developpement (IRD), Noumea, New Caledonia, 2002: 441–60.

Thaman, R.R., Morrison, R.J., Morrell, W.J. and Thaman, B. 2003. Wasted islands? Waste and the need for integrated waste management in the Pacific Islands – current status and prospects for reduction and safe disposal. Invited paper presented at the Barbados Plan of Action +10 (BPoA+10) Meeting of Experts on Waste Management in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Havana, Cuba, 27 October to 1 November 2003. (Meeting proceedings distributed on CD.)

Thaman, R.R., Tawake, A., Meo, S. and Vave, R.. Methodology for reconnaissance biological baseline surveys in proposed or existing marine protected areas and associated control sites: A preliminary model based on surveys on the Coral Coast, Nadroga Province, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Discussion paper prepared for a Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas (FLMMA) Network and Fiji Fisheries Department sponsored workshop on Marine Biological Monitoring, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Pacific Headquarters, Suva, Tuesday 27 May 2003.

Thaman, B. and Thaman, R. The value of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems: cultural and ethnobiological importance. In Proceedings of the Pacific Regional Workshop on Mangrove Wetland Protection and Sustainable Use, eds W. Aalbersberg, B, Thaman, L. Sauni and M. Power. Held at the University of the South Pacific Marine Studies Facility, Suva, Fiji, June12-16, 2001. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, 2003: 17–27.

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Weber, E. The political economy of water supply in Suva, Fiji Islands. Paper presented at the Third Conference of the International Water History Association (IWHA), Alexandria, Egypt, 11–14 December 2003.

History/Politics

Journal ArticlesFirth, S. ‘The 1999 Fiji election and the legacy of history.’ Journal of Pacific Studies, 25(1) 2001 (published 2003): 1–8. (RJ)Firth, S. ‘Pacific Studies as cultural renaissance; Pacific Studies as modernisation and development.’ The Contemporary Pacific, 15 (1), Spring, 2003: 139–48.

Tarte, S. ‘Establishing a foothold: the European Union in the western and central Pacific tuna fisheries.’ Samudra, No.35, July 2003: 7–13.

Veracini, L. ‘The shadows of the colonial period to times of sharing: history writing in and about New Caledonia/Kanaky, 1969–1998.’ Journal of Pacific History, 38 (3) 2003: 331–52.

Veracini, L ‘Of a contested ground and an indelible stain: the difficult reconciliation between Australia and its Aboriginal history during the 1990s and 2000s.’ Aboriginal History, 27, 2003: 226–41.

Veracini, L. ‘The evolution of historical re-description in Israel and Australia and the question of the founding violence.’ Australian Historical Studies, 122, 2003: 326–45.

Book ChaptersFraenkel, J. ‘Electoral engineering and the politicisation of ethnic frictions in Fiji’, in Can Democracy be Designed? The Politics of Institutional Choice in Conflict-Torn Societies, eds S. Bastian and R. Luckham. Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, Zed Books, London, 2003: 220–52.

Fraenkel, J. ‘The Pacific Islands’, in Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History. Oxford University Press, New York, 2002: 151–5.

Conference PublicationsFirth, S. (2003), ‘Conceptualizing security in Oceania: new and enduring issues’, in Security in Oceania in the 21st Century, eds E. Shibuya and J. Rolfe. Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, Honolulu, 2003: 41–52. www.apcss.org/Publications/Monographs/

Fraenkel, J. Overview of the Pacific region: is there an arc of instability? Paper presented at the Island-State Security 2003 Conference: Oceania at the crossroads, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, 15–17 July 2003. (14.pp.)

Fraenkel, J. Peace-building along the Pacific arc of instability. Paper presented at the University of New England Peace Symposium: Reconstruction: lessons learnt, Armidale, NSW, 19–20 July 2003. (13 pp.)

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Scholarly ReviewsTarte, S. ‘Review of Without a Gun: Australians’ Experiences Monitoring Peace in Bougainville 1997–2001, edited by Monica Wehner and Donald Denoon.’ The Journal of Pacific Studies, 25(2), 2001 (published 2003): 302–04.

Veracini, L. ‘Genocide and colonialism II: discussing a recent international conference and its implications for Australian debates.’ Australian Humanities Review, October, 2003. www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/AHR/archive/Issue-October-2003/veracini.html

Veracini, L. ‘Review of 1492: The Poetics of Diaspora by John Docker.’ Patterns of Prejudice, 38(1), 2003: 71–3.Professional and Technical ReportsTarte, S. Japan and the Pacific Islands: the politics of fisheries access, aid and regionalism. Research Report, Life and Peace Institute, Uppsala, 2003.

Periodical and Newspaper Articles Tarte, S. ‘Urwin appointment raises need for stronger regionalism.’ USPBeat, 3(12), 25 August 2003: 7.

Tarte, S. ‘Tuna: it’s a new ball-game.’ Special Supplement, The Fiji Times, 12 May 2003.

Veracini, L. ‘Suicide bombers: a colonial phenomenon.’ Arena Journal, 20, 2003: 37–43.

Land Management and Development

Journal Articles (refereed articles in scholarly journals) Boydell, S. and Holzknecht, H. ‘Land — caught in the conflict between custom and commercialism.’ Land Use Policy, 20(3), 2003: 203–07

Boydell, S. and Shah, K. ‘An inquiry into the nature of land ownership in Fiji.’ Digital Library of the Commons, 2003: http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/12/08/

Levi, A. and Boydell, S. (2003). ‘The roles and responsibilities of absentee land owners in the Pacific: a Niue case study.’ Digital Library of the Commons, 2003: http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/12/05/index.html

Shah, K ‘Review of Butterworths Australian Competition Law’, by R. Steinwall.’ Journal of South Pacific Law, 7(1) 2003: 1–6.

Conference PublicationsBoydell, S. E-Correspondent, World Bank E-Forum on the draft Policy Research Report on ‘Land policy for pro-poor growth and development’. December 2002 – January 2003.

Boydell, S. Sustainable urban development: Pacific dream or reality? A Fiji case study. Keynote Address presented at the International Convention on Urban Development and Management (ICUDM 2003), Langkawi Island, Malaysia, 2003.

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http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/12/05/index.html

http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/12/08/

http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/AHR/archive/Issue-October-2003/veracini.html

Boydell, S. and Small, G. The emerging need for regional property solutions: a Pacific perspective. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Society (PRRES) Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 19–22 January 2003.

Dakaica, S. The weakening of customary land in Fiji. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Society (PRRES) Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 19–22 January 2003.

Hassan, A. and Boydell, S. Vertical inequity in the unimproved capital value rating system. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Society (PRRES) Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 19–22 January 2003. Myers, M. Cannibals, tattoos and taboos: valuation’s coming of age within the South Pacific. Paper presented at the Nineteenth Annual American Real Estate Society Meeting Monterey, California, 2–5 April 2003.

Shah. K. (2003) Legal aspects of land in Fiji. LMD 4 o’clock Forum Series, 22 April 2003 (also published on Land Management Website).Scholarly Reviews and Comments (editorial involvement in published journals of repute)

Boydell, S. Editorial Board member, Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction.——— Editorial Advisory Board member, Our Common Estate, Royal Institution of

Chartered Surveyors Research Foundation.——— Editorial Board member, Pacific Rim Property Journal. ——— Referee, Australian Journal of Hospitality Management. ——— Reviewer, Australian Land Economics Review.——— Reviewer, Economic Analysis and Policy.

Myers, M. Academic Review Panel member, Appraisal Journal.

Professional and Technical ReportsLow, J. [PIFS], Boydell, S. and Osborn, T. [SPC]. Sustainable land resources development for the Pacific, post–WSSD (World Summit on Sustainable Development) Pacific Umbrella Type II Initiative, on behalf of Council for Regional Organizations in the Pacific (CROP), 2003.

MacIntyre, M. [SPREP] and Boydell, S. Planning for sustainable community lifestyles in the Pacific Islands, post–WSSD (World Summit on Sustainable Development) Pacific Umbrella Type II Initiative, on behalf of Council for Regional Organizations in the Pacific (CROP), 2003.

Myers, M. Space Audit, for The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji — as part of the University Space Audit consultancy with LMD consultancy, 2003.

Rounds_Wong, C. Land Management and Development Department Website, 2003. <http//: www.usp.ac.fj/landmgmt>.

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http://www.usp.ac.fj/landmgmt


Journal articles

Amosa, D. ‘An overview of the public sector management reform in Samoa.’ Pacific Economic Bulletin, 18 (2) 2003: 39–49.

Nag, G.C., Ganesh, S.R., Pathak, R.D. and Sharma, B. ‘Through the eyes of an insider: case study of an MNC subsidiary in an emerging economy.’ Thunderbird International Business Review, 45(4) 2003: 481–91. (RJ)

Pathak, A.K., Zafar, H. and Pathak, R.D. ‘Technology-based information warfare: developing world perspective.’ International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 16(1) 2003: 47–53. (RJ).

Sarker, A.E. and Pathak, R.D. ‘Public enterprise reform in Fiji Islands.’ Public Organization Review: A Global Journal, 3 2003: 55–75. (RJ)

Book Chapters

Nag, G.C. and Pathak, R.D. ‘Beyond technologocial superiority: an empirical case study of a multinational subsidiary.’ In Management of Research and Development in the New Millennium, ed. D.R. Banwet, S.S. Yadav and K. Momaya. Macmillan, New Delhi, 2003: 200–07.

Sociology

BooksPrasad, S., Hince, K. and Snell, D. Employment and Industrial Relations in the South Pacific: Samoa, Tonga, the Cook Islands, Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Fiji Islands. McGraw-Hill, North Ryde, NSW, 2003.

Journal Articles

Leslie, H. and Boso, S. ‘Gender-related violence in the Solomon Islands: the work of local women’s organisations’. Asia–Pacific Viewpoint, 44 (3) December 2003.

Leslie, H. and M. McAllister. ‘The benefits of being a nurse in critical social research practice.’ Qualitative Health Research, 12(5) 2002: 700–12.

Rakuita, T. ‘Taukei–Vulagi philosophy and the coup of 19 May 2000.’ In Ethnographies of the May 2000 Fiji Coup. Pacific Studies, Special Issue, 25(4) 2003.

Book Chapters

Leslie, H. and Storey, D. ‘Entering the field.’ In Development Fieldwork, A Practical Guide, eds R. Scheyvens and D. Storey. Sage Publications, London, 2003.

Plange, Nii-K. ‘Thoughts on eco-tourism: tourism development in Fiji since 1980s.’ In Tourism Development and Culture: Questions from the South, eds K. Hashimoto and Y. Sato. Sekai Shiso, Kyoto, 2003.

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Conferences and Workshops

Qalo, R. R. Aid in the South Pacific: a win–win process. Paper presented to the Shifting Tides in the Pacific Policy Forum, Australian National University, Canberra, 17–19 September 2003.

Qalo, R. R. Out of many, one. The interfacing of indigenous and global knowledge: a strategy for improving Pasifika student achievement. Paper presented to the Colloquium for Tertiary Teachers, Auckland University of Technology, NZ, 3–5 February 2003. (Also published in Proceedings of the Colloquium for Tertiary Teachers. Teaching and Learning with Pasifika Students, ed. Alison Kirkness and Naila Fanene.)

Qalo, R. R. Towards a unique Pacific governance model. Paper presented to the Regional Good Governance Workshop organised by the Asian Development Bank in preparation for its Pacific Governance Strategy, 9–31 July 2003. (Also published USPBeat, 3 (12), 25 August 2003: 4–5, 8.)

Rakuita, T. ‘Race and racism.’ Workshop conducted for the Ecumenical Centre for Research Education and Advocacy (ECREA), Suva, 2003.

Rakuita, T. ‘Identity formation.’ Workshop conducted for the Ecumenical Centre for Research Education and Advocacy (ECREA), Suva, 2003.

Reports

Chand, A. A report on employment, labour market and industrial relations in Samoa. 2003.

Chand, A. A report on employment, labour market and industrial relations in Tonga. 2003.

Qalo, R.R. Review of the Pre-Degree Studies Unit (PDSU) in Tarawa, Kiribati, 9–16 June 2003.

Qalo, R.R. (comp.) Report. SSED HODs/COPs Retreat, held at the Mocambo Hotel, Nadi, 6–9 September 2003.

Singh, A. Preliminary report to ILO/JIL. 2003.

Centre for Development StudiesPublications

Lal, P. and Reddy, M. ‘Old wine in a new bottle? Proposed sugar industry restructuring and land conflict in Fiji.’ Pacific Economic Bulletin, 18 (1), 2003: 79–99. (RJ)

Reddy, M., Naidu, V. and Mohanty, M. ‘The urban informal sector in Fiji: results from a survey’, Fijian Studies: a journal of contemporary Fiji, (Fiji Institute of Applied Studies, Lautoka), 1 (1) 2003: 127–54.

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Working Papers and Reports

Reddy, M., Naidu, V. and Mohanty, M. Impediments and poverty dimensions of urban informal sector: the case of Fiji. Centre for Development Studies Working Paper, (Centre for Development Studies, SSED, USP), no. 1, 2003.

Presentations

Mohanty, M. ‘Urban governance and sustainable development: some issues and challenges in Fiji.’ Presentation in Development Research Symposium on Governance in Pacific States: Reassessing Roles and Remedies, at the University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, 29 September – 2 October 2003.

Sharma, P. and Reddy, M. Financial exclusion in Fiji: market versus self-driven causes. Paper presented at the 3rd Biennial Conference of the International Development Studies Network of Aotearoa New Zealand, at Massey University, New Zealand, 5–7 December 2002.

Sharma, P. and Reddy, M. Financial sector governance in micro-states: issues and challenges for Fiji. Paper presented at the Global Development Network Fourth Annual Global Development Conference: Globalisation and Equity, Cairo, Egypt, 19–21 January 2003.

Forthcoming and Work in Progress

Mohanty, M. (ed.) Urbanisation, Migration and Development in the South Pacific: A Bibliography. School of Social and Economic Development, University of the South Pacific, Suva. (forthcoming).

Reddy, M., Mohanty, M. and Naidu, V. ‘Economic cost of human capital loss from Fiji: implications for sustainable development.’ International Migration Review, (forthcoming). (c. 204 pp.)

Marine Affairs ProgrammeJournal Articles (refereed) Bidesi, V.R. with Tsamenyi, M. ‘Implications of the tuna management regime for

domestic industry development in the Pacific Islands.’ Marine Policy, (in press).

Bidesi, V.R. with Tsamenyi, M. ‘Pacific Islands tuna fisheries development: adjusting to the fisheries subsidies debate’ (submitted to Pacific Economic Bulletin).

Evans, N. ‘Offshore petroleum in Australia: cooperative governance in a sea of federalism.’ Dalhousie Law Journal, (in press).

Veitayaki, J. ‘Taking advantage of indigenous knowledge: the Fiji case.’ InternationalSocial Science Journal , no. 173, 2002. (This article was abstracted into a CSA Database in 2003.)

Veitayaki, J., with B. Aalbersberg and A. Tawake, ‘Empowering local communities: case study of Votua, Ba, Fiji.’ Ocean Yearbook 17, eds E. Mann Borgese, A. Chircop and M. McConnell. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2003: 449–63.

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Veitayaki, J., with N. Evans and G.R. South. ‘The Pacific Islands regional ocean policy: the quest for good ocean governance.’ Ocean Yearbook 18. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, (forthcoming).

Book Chapters

Veitayaki, J., with W. Aalbersberg, A. Tawake, E. Rupeni and K. Tabunakawai. ‘Mainstreaming resources conservation: the Fiji Locally Managed Marine Area Network and national policy development.’ In Innovative Governance: indigenous peoples, local Communities and Protected Areas, eds H. Jaireth and D. Smyth. Ane Books, New Delhi, 2003.

Conference proceedings

Bidesi, V.R. ‘Regional arrangements for management and development of tuna in the Pacific Islands: a case study of the Palau Arrangement and the Federated States of Micronesia Arrangement.’ In the Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, Wellington, New Zealand, 18–22 August 2002.

Evans, N., Pickering, T., Raj, J. and Williams, D. Review of aquaculture policy and legislation in the Pacific Islands region. Presented at SPC Heads of Fisheries Meeting, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia, 18–23 August 2003.

Evans, N. and Pratt, C. High seas and the Pacific Islands: regionalism as a tool for conserving biodiversity? Presented in International Workshop on the Governance of High Seas Biodiversity Conservation. Department of the Environment and Heritage (Australia) and Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada), Cairns, Queensland, 16–20 June 2003.

Veitayaki, J. ‘Empowerment and the challenges of involving local communities.’ In Proceedings of the Pacific Regional Workshop on Mangrove Wetlands Protection and Sustainable Use, Marine Studies Facilities, University of the South Pacific, June 12–16, 2002, eds W. Aalbersberg, B. Thaman, L. Sauni and M. Power. SPREP, Apia, 2003: 85–94.

Reports

Bache, S. and Evans, N. Observer Programs in Commercial Fisheries: lessons from a global review and policy options for Australia. Report for the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Canberra) by the University of Wollongong and The University of the South Pacific, Wollongong and Suva, 2003.

Bidesi, V.R., Evans, N., Raj, J., Rajan, J. and Williams, D. The impact of international trade in fishery products on food security in Fiji. Report for the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN in Samoa, by the University of the South Pacific, Suva, 2003.

Evans, N., Raj, J. and Williams, D. Review of aquaculture policy and legislation in the Pacific Islands region. Report for the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, presented at the 3rd SPC Heads of Fisheries Meeting, Noumea, August 2003.

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Posters

A set of 3 mangrove posters covering different aspects of mangrove management was produced jointly by MAP and the USP Media Unit. With funds provided by SPREP (South Pacific Regional Environment Programme) these posters will be translated into 8 Pacific Island languages.

Veitayaki, J. Mangrove Physiology. Marine Studies Programme/International Ocean Institute – Pacific Islands Operational Centre, Suva, 2003.

Veitayaki, J. Zonation of Mangroves. Marine Studies Programme/International Ocean Institute – Pacific Islands Operational Centre, Suva, 2003.

Veitayaki, J. Mangrove Rehabilitation. Marine Studies Programme/International Ocean Institute – Pacific Islands Operational Centre, Suva, 2003.

Internet

Veitayaki, J., Aalbersberg, W., Tawake, A., Rupeni, E. and Tabunakawai, K. Mainstreaming resource conservation: The Fiji Locally Managed Marine Area Network and its influence on national policy development. RMAP Working Paper No. 42, Resource Management in Asia-Pacific Program, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2003.

Master of Business AdministrationJournal Article (refereed)

Nowak, J. (with M. Gorynia and R. Wolniak). ‘Globalization of a transitional economy: the experience of Poland.’ Journal of East-West Business, (USA), 9 (2) 2003.

Book Chapters

Frodey C. and Naidu, Y. ‘Sandollars/Pure Fiji: a women’s company in harmony with nature and culture.’ In Succeeding in a Turbulent Global Marketplace: Changes, Developments, Challenges, and Creating Distinct Competencies, ed. E. Kaynak and T. Harcar. International Management Development Association, Pennsylvania, 2003.

Nowak, J. (with M. Gorynia and R. Wolniak). ‘On the path of Poland’s globalization.’ In Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. M. Marinov and S. Marinov. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, England, 2003.

Nowak, J. (with S. Ali and J. Poeschl). ‘A decade of transition in Central and Eastern Europe: trends in foreign trade and foreign direct investment.’ In Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe, edited by M. Marinov and S. Marinov. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, England, 2003.

Conference Presentations and Proceedings

Nowak, J. (with M. Gorynia and R. Wolniak). ‘Motives and modes of FDI, firm characteristics and performance: case studies of foreign subsidiaries in Poland.’ In Succeeding in a Turbulent Global Marketplace: Changes, Developments and Challenges, ed. E. Kaynak and T. Harcar. Proceedings of the Twelfth World Business

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Congress, Vancouver, Canada, 25–29 June 2003. International Management Development Association, Pennsylvania, 2003. (Refereed)

Nowak, J. (with M. Gorynia and R. Wolniak), ‘Motives and modes of FDI in a transitional economy: the case of Poland.’ In The MNC as a Knowing Organization, Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the European International Business Academy, Copenhagen, 10–13 December 2003. (Refereed)

Refereed Case Studies

Nowak, J. (with J. McMaster). ‘Natural Waters of Viti Limited: pioneering a new industry in the Fiji Islands.’ Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management, Special Issue: Cases, 2003.

Nowak, J. Some performance criteria as the measure of organisational human capital. Paper accepted for presentation in the 6th World Congress on Intellectual Capital and Innovation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 15–17 January 2003.

Nowak, J. Changing organisation and its sustainability: a case example of Fiji. Paper accepted for presentation at ICMARD, at IIT, New Delhi, 2003.

News Magazine Articles

Frodey, C. (One-page articles), 1 January; mid-January; 1 February; ‘Transparent consumer pricing’, 14 February: 14; ‘Posting, bills and the inside job’, 1 March: 19; ‘Best value, worst value’, 17 March: 17; ‘Overbilled, posted and potholes’, 1 April: 27; mid-April; ‘Of Chinese, bread and food’, 1 May: 27; ‘Unconnected pricing’, 16

May: 21; ‘Posting unpleasantness’, 1 June: 20. The Review. Suva, Fiji, 2003.

Population StudiesJournal Articles

Seniloli, K. ‘Implications of ageing: the case of Fiji.’ Development Bulletin, no. 62, August 2003.

Reports

Seniloli, K. Fertility Decline and Differentials: Evidence from the 1996 Population Census. Bureau of Statistics, Suva, Fiji, 2003.

Seniloli, K. Reproductive Health Knowledge and Services in Samoa. UNFPA Research Papers in Population and Reproductive Health Number 1/2002, Suva, Fiji, 2003.

Seniloli, K. Reproductive Health Knowledge and Services in the Cook Islands. UNFPA Research Papers in Population and Reproductive Health Number 4/2002, Suva, Fiji, 2003.

Seniloli, K. Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescents in the Cook Islands. UNFPA Research Papers in Population and Reproductive Health Number 3/2002, Suva, Fiji, 2003.

Seniloli, K. Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescents in Samoa. UNFPA Research Papers in Population and Reproductive Health Number 2/2002, Suva, Fiji, 2003.

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Tourism StudiesJournal Articles (refereed)

Doorne, S. and Ateljevic, I. ‘Culture, economy and tourism commodities: the social relations of production and consumption.’ Tourist Studies 3(2) 2003.

Doorne, S. and Ateljevic, I. ‘Unpacking the local: a cultural analysis of tourism entrepreneurship in Murter, Croatia.’ Tourism Geographies, 5(2) 2003: 123–50.

Doorne, S., Ateljevic, I. and Bai, Z. ‘Representing identities through tourism: encounters of ethnic minorities in Dali, Yunnan Province.’ International Journal of Tourism Research, 5(1) 2003: 1–11.

Short, D.G.T. ‘Individual hotel enterprises and the influence of the strategic choice model.’ Journal of International Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism Management, 10 (3/4) 2003: 101–12.

Short, D.G.T. (2003). ‘From ships biscuits and salt beef to 100% pure New Zealand.’ The Hospitality Yearbook 2003, HCIMA, 2003: 27.

Book Chapters

Berno, T. ‘Local control and the sustainability of tourism in the Pacific.’ In Pacific Island Tourism, ed. D. Harrison. Cognizant Communication, New York, 2003: 94–109.

Conference Presentations

Berno, T. Fiji grown from farm to restaurant. Keynote address presented at the FAO/Ministry of Agriculture Fiji Grown workshop, Korolevu, Fiji, 26–28 February 2003.

Berno, T. Human resource development and capacity building for ecotourism products in the South Pacific. Paper presented at the Regional Ecotourism Management Seminar, Pacific Harbour, Fiji, 17–21 March 2003.

Berno, T. Identity, intercultural and perceived discrimination in international students in New Zealand. Paper presnted at the 5th Biennial Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology, Manila, The Philippines, 29 July – 1 August 2003.

Berno, T. Managing the recovery of tourism during periods of political instability. Invited paper presented at the APETIT UN-ESCAP conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 11–14 December 2003.

Berno, T. Tourism training and education needs in the South Pacific: balancing university education, industry needs and student expectations. Working paper presented at the Council of Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE) Conference, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia, 5–8 February 2003.

Doorne, S. Entrepreneurship, nostalgia and the exotic other: the role of culture and ethnicity in the development of a backpacker enclave, Dali Prefecture, P. R. China. Paper presented at Contexts of Experience Economy Conference, Loma-Vietonen, Finland, 2–6 April 2003.

Miller, G., Hudson, S. and Berno, T. Knowing the difference between ‘right’ and ‘wrong’: how do we measure tourism students’ ethical values? Paper presented at the

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Council of Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE) Conference, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia, 5–8 February 2003.

Rao, D. Coups and political instability in a small island nation. So what? Fiji’s tourist industry moves on. Paper presented at the Fourth IIDS (International Institute For Development Studies) International Conference, Bali, 15–19 December 2003.

Ward, C., Berno, T. and Masgoret, A. Identity, intercultural interaction and perceived discrimination in international students in New Zealand. Paper presented at the Fifth Biennial Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology, Manila, the Philippines, 29 July–1 August 2003.

Professional and technical reports

Aalbersberg, B., Thaman, B., Berno, T., Malani, M., Sykes, H. and Watling, D. Making small hotels and resorts environmentally sustainable: a simple checklist for Fiji operators. Institute of Applied Science, USP, Suva, 2003.

Berno, T. and Ward, C. Cross-cultural and educational adaptation of Asian students in New Zealand. Report prepared for the Asia 2000 Foundation of New Zealand. University of the South Pacific, Suva, and Victoria University, Wellington, 2003.

Institutes

Institute of Applied Sciences

A result of the biological baseline in the PABITRA sites was the discovery of a new viable population of the rare and critically endangered podocrap, Acmopyle sahniana. This brings to three the number of location the plants are found on Viti Levu. The endemic long tailed warbler was also sighted and studied. This was the first confirmed sighting since 1896. The study of fish in Fiji's fresh water rivers continues to find species new to science.

Research continue on the description and distribution of the critically threatened seasonal coastal dry forest system on Fiji’s large islands. Work with the landowners on which such systems still remain is in progress.

Research on the distribution of Fiji’s tree frog and the rare ground frogs is also continuing. From this work a Field Guide on Fiji's Herpetofauna was also published in 2003.

Research work on the nutrient levels of nitrates and phosphates which are potentially dangerous to coral reefs, was carried out in Fiji sea and river water around the Coral Coast. High levels were detected around populated areas and near hotel sites. Corrective actions are now being studied.

Research work on the mercury levels in Fijian seafoods showed high levels exceeding FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Guidelines in some large predatory fish like marlin and swordfish. Frequent consumption of more than the recommended amounts of this fish could pose health problems in particular to women of child bearing age.

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Research on the levels of trace metals in drinking water on Viti Levu, Fiji Islands showed very low levels at the source, <0.5ug/L. A majority of the findings were within WHO guidelines which indicates that Viti Levu water appears safe for drinking as far as trace metals are concerned.

Research continued on the methodology and effectiveness of community-based marine conservation. REFERENCE LIST

Books

Morrison, Claire, A Field Guide to the Herpetofauna of Fiji. Suva, Fiji. Institute of Applied Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, 2003, 121p.

Book Chapters

Gell, F. R. and Alifereti Tawake, in Gell, F. R. and Roberts, C. M., “Community–Based Closed Areas in Fiji." The Fisheries Effect of Marine Reserves and Fishery Closures. York, UK. University of York, 2003, pp 60-63.

Veitayaki, Joeli, William Aalbersberg, and Alifereti Tawake, “Empowering Local Communities: Case Study of Votua, Ba, Fiji." Ocean Yearbook. 17 (2003), 449 - 463.

Veitayaki, Joeli, William Aalbersberg, Alifereti Tawake, Etika Rupeni, and Kesaia Tabunakawai, “Mainstreaming Resource Conservation : The Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas Network and National Policy Development," in Innovative Governance : Indigenous People, Local Communities and Protected Areas. [Editors] : Jaireth, Hanna, Dermont Smyth, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 2003, pp 105-123.

Journal Articles

Englberger, Lois, William Aalbersberg, Maureen H. Fitzgerald, Geoffrey C. Marks, Kishore Chand, “ Provitamin A Carotenoid Content of Different Cultivars of Edible Pandanus Fruits." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 16 (2003), 237-247, RJ

Englberger, Lois, William Aalbersberg, Praveen Ravi, Evelyn Bonnin, Geoffrey C. Marks, Maureen H. Fitzgerald and Jane Elymore, “ Further Analysis on Micronesian Banana, Taro, Breadfruit and other Foods for Provitamin A Carotenoids and Minerals." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 16 (2003) 2 : 219-236. RJ

James, Robyn D., David A. Jones, William Aalbersberg, and Chris M. Ireland, "Naamide A Intensifies the Phosphotransferase Activity of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases Causing A-431 Cells to Arrest in G1." Molecular Cell Therapeutics. Volume 2 (2003), 747-751. RJ

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Morrison, J. R., Ursula L. Kaly, Alifereti Tawake, and Batiri Thaman, “ Low Cost Technology for Monitoring Sustainable Development." Development Bulletin . (2002) 58 : 52-55. RJ

Mosley, Luke M. and William Aalbersberg, "Nutrient Levels in Sea and River Water along the Coral Coast of Viti Levu, Fiji." The South Pacific Journal of Natural Sciences. Volume 21, 2003. RJ

Singh, Sarabjeet and Luke M. Mosley. "Trace Metals Levels in Drinking Water on Viti Levu, Fiji Islands." The South Pacific Journals of Natural Sciences. Volume 21, 2003. RJ

Conference Publications

Keppel, G. (in Press), “The Botanical Status of the Wet Zone PABITRA Transect.” Paper presented at the Island Landscape under Global Change at the 20th Pacific Sciences Congress, Bangkok, March 2003, to be published in the Pacific Sciences Journal 2004.

Korovulavula, Isoa (in Press), “A Framework of Socioeconomic Valuation of Biodiversity in the PABITRA Focal Sites in Fiji." Paper presented at the Island Landscape under Global Change at the 20th Pacific Sciences Congress, Bangkok, March 2003, to be published in the Pacific Sciences Journal 2004.

Kumar, R. (in Press), “Gateway Landscape Transect,” Paper presented at the Island Landscape under Global Change at the 20th Pacific Sciences Congress, Bangkok, March 2003, to be published in the Pacific Sciences Journal 2004.

Radikedike, Pio and Alifereti Tawake, "Trust Fund as a Sustainable Financing Mechanism for Protected Areas. A Case Study of Veratavou Project and the FLMMA Network in Fiji." Paper presented to the Benefits Beyond Boundaries. World Parks Congress at Durban, South Africa, 7th to 8th September, 2003. Available on their website : www.iucn.org

Tawake, Alifereti, "Use of Results for Adaptive Management Case Study: Veratavou District Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) project in Fiji." Paper presented to the Benefits Beyond Boundaries World Parks Congress at Durban, South Africa, 7th to 8th September, 2003. Available on their website : www.iucn.orgTawake, Alifereti, Etika Rupeni, and Pio Radikedike, " Developing Capacity in Communication and Use of Results, " Case Example : Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas Network, an Informal Approach to Building Capacity." Paper presented to the Benefits Beyond Boundaries World Parks Congress at Durban, South Africa, 7th to 8th September, 2003. Available on their website : www.iucn.org Tuiwawa, Marika (in Press), “Recent Changes in the Upland Watershed Forest of the PABITRA Gateway Transect on Viti Levu, Fiji: The Monasavu Case Study " Paper presented at the Island Landscapes under Global Changes at the 20th Pacific Sciences Congress, Bangkok. March 2003, to be published in the Pacific Sciences Journal 2004.

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http://www.iucn.org/



Professional and Technical Reports

Aalbersberg, William, “Recent Chemical Analysis of Foods at the Institute of Applied Sciences, USP, Suva, Fiji." IAS Technical Report No. 2003/09, USP, 2003, 7p. Aalbersberg , William ."The Role of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) in the Development of Ecotourism in Fiji." IAS Technical Report No. 2003/03, USP, 2003, 10p. APN/PABITRA Field Biology Techniques Training and Joint Analysis Workshop (2003, Suva , Fiji). Report of the APN/PABITRA Field Biology Techniques Training and Joint Analysis Workshop, USP, 18th November - 3rd December 2002 . Edited by Claire F. Morrison, IAS Technical Report No. 2003/7, USP, 2003.

Baseline Flora and Fauna of the Sovi Basin, Naitasiri. 5th -17th May, 2003. Compiled by Clare F. Morrison, IAS Technical Report No. 2003/05, USP, 2003, 31p.

Cakacaka, Akuila, Ron Vave, and Semisi Meo, “Baseline Biological Survey Report of the Votualailai Marine Protected Area : Maroroisia Nikua, Hauju I Qwata Project. Tikina Korolevu-i Wai, Nadroga." English version. IAS Environmental Study Report No. 126, USP, 2003, 11p.

Cakacaka, Akuila, Ron Vave, and Semisi Meo, “Baseline Biological Survey Report of the Votua Marine Protected Area (Namahara) : Maroroisia Nikua, Hauju I Qwata Project, Tikina Korolevu -i Wai, Nadroga,” English version. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 127, USP, 2003, 7p. Fong, Patrick Sakiusa and Alifereti Tawake, “Summary Report on the Navukailagi Village, Gau Community Marine Resource Management Planning Workshop," Fijian version. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 125, USP, 2003, 15p.

Fong, Patrick Sakiusa and Alifereti Tawake, “ Summary Report on the Qarani Village, Gau Community Marine Resource Management Planning Workshop, " Fijian Version. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 124, USP, 2003, 17p.

Fong, Patrick Sakiusa, "Summary Report on the Vione Village, Gau Community Marine Resource Management Planning Workshop." Fijian version. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 2003/123, USP, 2003, 18p.

Institute of Applied Sciences, “Communications Training Manuals," USP, 2003. 27p. Institute of Applied Sciences, “2003 Radio Communications Training Workshops,” Suva, Fiji. April 24-25, 2003. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 130, USP, 2003.

Kumar, Roselyn, Patrick D. Nunn, Kazumichi Katayama, Hirotaka Oda, Sepeti Mataraba, and Tamara Osborn, “An Early Human Settlement Site in Fiji: The First Dates from the 2002 Excavations at Naitabale, Moturiki Island.” IAS Technical Report No. 2003/06, USP, 2003.

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Kumar, Maureen, William Aalbersberg, and Luke Mosley, " Mercury Levels in Fijian Seafood and Potential Health Implications" http:/www.wpro.who.int/pdf/NUT/mercury_level_fijian_seafoods. pdf., 2003. Manele, Bruno, Modi Pontio, Alifereti Naikatini, Roleans Tavue, Nenenteiti T. Ruata, Lameko Tesimale, Latu Afioga, and Pulea E. Ifopo, “ Project Reports from the 2002 Pacific Island Community –based Conservation Course.” IAS Technical Report No. 2002/12, USP, 2003.

Meo, Semisi, Patrick Fong, and Alifereti Tawake, “Summary Report on the Yavusa Navakavu Community Marine Resource Management Workshop : Vueti Navakavu Project, Muaivusu, Suva," 2002. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 121, USP, 2003, 52p.

Morrison, Claire, ed. “Baseline Flora & Fauna Survey of Wabu Forest Reserve," Naitasiri, Fiji. 16th - 22nd November, 2003.

Radikedike, Pio and Semisi Meo, “Summary Report of the Tikina Vanuaso Community Biological Replicate of Marine Protected Areas : Mositi Vanuaso Project, Gau, Lomaiviti." IAS Environmental Report No. 122, USP, 2003, 7p.

Snowdon, Wendy, Tom Osborn, William Aalbersberg, and J. Schulz, COCONUT: Its Role in Health. Suva, Fiji. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2003, 20p. Stringer, Ian, Richard Parrish, and Greg Sherley, “Report on the First Monitoring Visit to Nu’utele and Nu’ulua Islands. 25-31st July, 2000." IAS Technical Report No. 2003/10, 14p.

Stringer, Ian, Richard Parrish, and Suzanne Bassett, “Report on the Second Monitoring Visit to Nu’utele and Nu’ulua Islands, Samoa. 4th - 8th June, 2001." IAS Technical Report No. 2003/11, 12p.

Sykes, Helen, Kristian Kats, Raymond Derksen, and William Aalbersberg, "Effects of Collection on Ornamental Reef Fish Populations in Fiji: A Pilot Study of Fish Populations Collections and Non- Collections Areas." September – November, 2002." IAS Technical Report No. 2003/04, 59p.

Tamata, Bale, Batiri Thaman, and Isoa Korovulavula, “Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Commercial Water Bottling Project at Vatukoula by Dayals Sawmillers Ltd.” IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 113, USP, 2003. 51p. Tawake Alifereti, Etika Rupeni, and Kesaia Tabunakawai, “Fiji's Locally Managed Marine Areas (FLMMA) Network 2002 Annual Report: Kedra Sasalu Tawamudu Na Noda Kawa.” IAS Environmental Studies Report. No. 129. USP, 2003. Tawake, Alifereti, “Summary Report of the Votua village (Ba) Community Marine Resource Management and Monitoring. " Fijian Version. USP 2000. IAS Environmental Studies Report No.128, USP, 2003.

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Tawake, Alifereti and Litiana Rika, “Summary Report on the Tuatua Village Marine Resource Management Planning Workshop, Tuatua, Mudu, Koro, Lomaiviti, 2002." IAS Environmental Studies Report. No.120, USP, 2003, 30p.

Tawake, Alifereti, Patrick S. Fong, Semisi Meo, and Ron Vave, “Votua Community Biological Training Workshop Summary Report – “Bai kei Votua Project, 2002." IAS Environmental Studies Report No.132, USP, 2003, 37p.

Tawake, Alifereti, Patrick S. Fong, and Joeli Veitayaki, “ Summary Report on the Vanuaso District, Gau. Marine Resource Management and Monitoring Planning Workshop." Fijian Version 2001. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 117, USP, 2003.

Tawake, Alifereti, Ron Vave, Patrick S. Fong, and Semisi Meo, “Summary Report of the Tikina Vanuaso Community Marine Resource Baseline Biological Training Workshop." Fijian Version 2002. IAS Environmental Studies No. 119, USP, 2003, 24p.

Tawake, Alifereti, Semisi Meo, and Patrick S. Fong, “Summary Report on the Tikina Korolevu – I Wai Community Marine Resource Management Plan Workshop Fijian Version, 5th to 7th November." IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 131, USP, 2002, 57p. Thaman, Batiri, “Outcomes of the Coral Coast ICM Working Group Planning Workshop." 14th April, 2003, Fijian Hotel, Nadroga. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 115, USP, 2003, 13p.

Thaman, Batiri, "Summary of the Workshop on ICM- Related Activities Along the Coral Coast." Sigatoka. June 20, 2003. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 116, USP, 2003. Thaman, Batiri, William Aalbersberg, D. Robadue, and L. Hale, “Sustainable Coastal Resource Management for Fiji : A Background Paper Prepared For Fiji National Workshop On Intergrated Coastal Management." 9th to 11th April, 2002. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 109, USP, 2002, 46p.

Thaman, Batiri and Bale Tamata, “Environment Impact Assessment Scoping for the Proposed Development of a Resort at Likuliku, Malolo." IAS Enviromental Studies Report No. 110, USP, 2003, 9p.

Thaman, Batiri and Alifereti Naikatini, “Report of the Mangrove Flora and Fauna Surveys Conducted within Lomawai Reserve, Bole Reserve, and Lotonaluya Reserve, Tikina o Wai, Nadroga, " for WWF. IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 111. USP, 2003, 64p.

Thaman, Batiri, “Report of a Partial Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Water Bottling Project at Johnson, Lautoka by Mineral Waters (Fiji) Ltd." IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 112. USP, 2003, 50p.

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Thaman, Batiri, “Construction Environmental Management Plan for Water Bottling Factory, Vuqele, Vatukoula by Dayal’s Sawmillers Ltd.," IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 2003/114, USP, 34p. Tuiwawa, Marika, “Consultancy Report of the Weed Survey Conducted on the Islands of Efate, Espirito Santo and Tanna in the Republic of Vanuatu for the Secretariat of the Pacific Community Plant Protection Services. 10th – 27th April, 2003." IAS Technical Report No. 2003/08, USP, 22p. Tuiwawa, Marika and Alifereti Naikatini, “Report of the Preliminary Baseline Survey of the Flora and Vegetation of Waivaka South, Namosi Province, Fiji." IAS Technical Report No. 2003/01, USP, 32p. Vave, Ron D. and Semisi Meo, “Summary Report on Namada Marine Protected Area Baseline Biological Survey." IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 118, USP, 2003, 10p.

Veitayaki, Joeli, William Aalbersberg, and Alifereti Tawake, “Net Gains.” Between the Lines Equator Initiative Newsletter, (2003), 3 : 5-6

Watling, Dick, “Report of the Preliminary Baseline Survey of the Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna of the Waivaka Catchment, Namosi, Viti Levu.” IAS Technical Report No. 2003/02, USP, 20p. UNPUBLISHED WORKS

Thaman, Randy, Alifereti Tawake, Semisi Meo, and Ron Vave, “ Methodology for Reconnaissance Biological Baseline Surveys in Proposed or Existing Marine Protected Areas and Associated Control Sites : A Preliminary Model Based on Questionnaire and Field Surveys on the Coral Coast, Nadroga Province, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands." Draft discussion paper prepared for a Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas (FLMMA) Network and Fiji Fisheries Department sponsored Workshop on Marine Biological Monitoring , World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Pacific Headquarters, Suva, Fiji. May, 2003.

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Pacific Institute of Advanced Studies in Development and Governance (PIAS-DG)

Major research areas

The research program will focus on ways to improve governance in the Pacific island countries as a principal means of enhancing their economic growth and development prospects and the social well being of their citizens. Priority will be given to understanding the causes of poor governance and how to reduce its incidence. The research program will also focus on examining how foreign aid can be more effectively utilised to assist the countries achieve these objectives.

In broad terms, PIAS-DG research will focus on analysing: (i) whether the basic institutions of the Pacific island countries are appropriate to their circumstances and, if not, how they can be improved; and (ii) how well the existing institutions are implemented and enforced, and, if necessary, how implementation and enforcement may be improved. In more detail, the main research areas will concentrate on: (i) ways of improving accountability, transparency and ethical behaviour; (ii) the relationships between traditional and introduced institutions and governance; (iii) the possibilities for improving the important political, social and economic institutions (such as constitutions, electoral systems, parliaments, governments, and law and justice systems); (iv) public financial management; (v) corporate governance; (vi) management of government business enterprises; (vii) financial sector development; (viii) natural resource and environmental management; (ix) mobilisation of factor markets (land, labour and capital); (x) the interaction between private and public business activities; (xi) establishment of investor-friendly environments; (xii) competition policy and regulation of market activity; (xiii) aid management; (xiv) analysis of sustainable development, growth and poverty reduction; (xv) impacts of globalisation; (xvi) social security provisions; and (xvii) analysis of economic reforms.

PIAS-DG staff will collaborate with other research groups within and outside USP in researching institutions critical to good governance such as constitutions, electoral systems, administrative systems, and law and justice systems, and topics such as conflict resolution, property rights, development of trust throughout communities, and engagement of communities in improving governance. To foster cross-campus collaboration in research and training, PIAS-DG will invite academics from other parts of the University to become Fellows of the Institute. It will also make use of Visiting Fellowships to develop longer-term relationships with researchers from outside the University.

Research grants received

Funding from the EU and the Australian and New Zealand Governments has been critical to the establishment of PIAS-DG and supports the teaching and research activities of the Institute. The projects funded are the following:

European Union: Industrial Relations and Labour Market Studies project

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This project commenced in March 14, 2002, and funding totalling about FJD3.7 million has been provided over five years to undertake research into the performance of labour markets in Pacific countries. The project finances the position of Project Director and another research position; the Project Director has been appointed and the position of Quantitative Analyst has been advertised. The project also funds the appointment of consultants to convert existing undergraduate industrial relations courses into DFL mode. As well, there is financial support for the establishment and maintenance of a database on labour markets and industrial relations in Pacific region countries. Funding is also provided for workshops and conferences.

European Union: Transforming our Communities through Good Governance project

This project commenced on April 16, 2003 and funding totalling 635,000 Euros has been provided over a three-year period. The project has three components:

The establishment of research and teaching programs in Good Governance; The promotion of public information and awareness of democracy and

electoral systems; and The establishment of a Good Governance Knowledge Resources Database.

The first component supports the appointment of a Senior Lecturer (Fellow) in Governance who will undertake research and training in the Governance. The second component supports the appointment of two Fellows and an Administrative Assistant who will form a training unit to undertake community-wide training to raise awareness and increase understanding of democracy and electoral systems, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. The third component provides support for the development of a Good Governance Knowledge Resources Database. Funding is also provided within the project for the holding of training workshops, public seminars, and conferences. These three components are part of the Governance Program.

Australian Government: Good Governance

AusAID has provided A$1.33 million over the three-year period 2003-05 for the development of the Governance Program within PIAS-DG. The project supports the position of the Chair in Governance (appointed), the position of Fellow in Economics (appointment recommended), and an administrative assistant position (to be appointed). The project also funds the holding of workshops and conferences and the development of post-graduate training in Governance.

Australian and New Zealand Governments: Development and Maintenance of an Education Database

AusAID and NZAID have provided funds over the past two years for the development and maintenance of a database on Education in the countries of the Pacific. The database has been established and data is being collected and inputted on a continuous basis. PIAS-DG took over the responsibility for the database at the end of 2003 and will maintain collection of the data, improve the collection and the quality of the data where possible, and provide for its dissemination to researchers and policy makers.

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Consultancies undertaken

Professor Duncan undertook a consultancy as a member of an Eminent Persons Group, appointed by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, to review the Tariff Reform Program being implemented in Papua New Guinea. Professor Wadan Narsey undertook a consultancy for the Forum Secretariat on “The Integration of Alcohol and Tobacco Products into PICTA”.

In 2003 Pacific Studies Program staff carried out a consultancy on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme on the “Ratification of International Human Rights Instruments by Pacific Islands Countries” and a consultancy on behalf of NZAID, organized by Victoria University of Wellington’s Department of Education, on “Re-thinking Vanuatu Education”.

Major Research Activities

Pacific Studies Program staff conducted research in various areas. One of these was on “Governance, Corruption and Ethics” in the Pacific, which was the theme of a paper presented by Dr Elise Huffer at a seminar at the University of Hawai'i, Manoa, in March and at the Development Research Symposium 2003 on “Governance in Pacific States: reassessing roles and remedies” held at USP, Laucal Bay Campus, in September. Dr Huffer's paper will be published in the Spring 2005 issue of The Contemporary Pacific. There has been little work conducted in the area of corruption and ethics from a Pacific standpoint and this paper is a call to further research by Pacific scholars in this area.

In addition, Dr Huffer, in collaboration with Dr Asofou So'o of the National University of Samoa, has initiated new research in the area of “Samoan Political Thought”. This is an unexplored theme and will lead to a workshop on Samoan Political Philosophy, the first of its kind.

In her work to promote research, writing, and publishing by Islanders, Ms Linda Crowl has conducted research on politics and book publishing in the Pacific Islands for her doctoral dissertation. Writing and publishing are fundamental skills for expression, and, without effective expression, people cannot effect political and societal change. Very little research and analysis has been carried on this subject in the Pacific. Ms Crowl presented papers at the Books and Empire Conference in Sydney, the Bibliographical Society of Australia and New Zealand Conference in Canberra, the Development Research Symposium in Fiji, and the Pacific Regional Education Conference on “Rethinking Educational Aid” in Fiji. She formed part of a panel on publishing at the first Festival of Reading in New Caledonia. She also organized a focus day on National Book Policy as part of the biennial meeting of the UNESCO Office for the Pacific States with the Directors of Education from the region.

PIAS-DG staff (Dr M. Reddy and Professor R. Duncan) collaborated with staff from the USP Economics Department in a study of the progress of economic reforms in Fiji. This research is part of a global research project examining economic reform in developing countries, which is being coordinate by the Global Development Network

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in New Delhi. A paper titled “Understanding Reform in Fiji” was presented to a Governance workshop at USP, held in September. A revised version of the paper was presented by Dr Reddy at the annual Global Development Network conference in New Delhi in January 2004.

Dr Reddy has also been involved in an examination of changes in Fiji’s financial sector and the impact on savings and investment. This work has been jointly carried out with a member of the Economics Department. One paper was published from this research in 2003 and four papers were presented at international conferences during the year. Further research on Fiji’s sugar industry was also carried out by Dr Reddy, in particular, a study of farm level productivity and efficiency. One paper from this project was published during 2003 and other papers will be sent for publication during 2004.

During the year, Dr Mohanty concluded a study on “The growth of low-income settlements in urban Fiji: A study of the socio-economic characteristics of squatters in Suva, Lautoka and Nadi town”. Some findings from this research appeared in USP Beat and The Fiji Times, 14 November 2003. Dr Mohanty continued work on a research study entitled “Urban domestic solid waste minimisation strategies and waste/environmental education and awareness in Fiji: A study of Suva and Lautoka”. He completed bibliographical research on “Urbanisation, Migration and Development in the South Pacific”. The bibliography is under publication as a SSED Monograph.

Dr. Mohanty participated in a number of Conference and workshops during the year. He made a presentation on urban governance and sustainable development at the Development Research Symposium on “Governance in Pacific States: Reassessing Roles and Remedies”, held on 29 September-2 October at USP. Because of his research into urban development, Dr Mohanty represented USP in a UNESCAP Pacific Regional Workshop on Urban Management, held on December 1-4. He also participated in a Government of Fiji Urban Policy Workshop held on14 November and joined a Government of Fiji Working Group on an Urban Policy Framework held on 20 November 2003.

Journal Articles

Huffer, Elise and So'o, Asofou, 2003. “Consensus Versus Dissent: Democracy, Pluralism and Governance in Samoa,” Asia Pacific Viewpoint 44 (3): 281-304, December 2003.

Reddy, Mahendra. “Review of Farm Productivity, Efficiency and Profitability in Fiji’s Sugar Industry”, Fijian Studies: A Journal of Contemporary Fiji, 1(2): 221-44 (2003).

Reddy, Mahendra, Vijay Naidu and Manoranjan Mohanty. “The Urban Informal Sector in Fiji: Results from a Survey”, Fijian Studies: A Journal of Contemporary Fiji. 1(1): 127-54 (2003).

Sharma, Pramendra and Mahendra Reddy. “Modeling Financial Sector Exclusion in Fiji”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 21(6/7): 196-303.

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Conference presentationsDuncan, Ronald C. “Governance and Growth: Theory and Empirics—Where do We Stand?” Paper presented to the Development Research Symposium on Governance in Pacific States: Reassessing Roles and Remedies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, 29 September-2 October, 2003.

Huffer, Elise. "Governance, Corruption and Ethics in the Pacific" Paper presented to the Development Research Symposium on Governance in Pacific States: Reassessing Roles and Remedies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, 29 September-2 October, 2003.

Huffer, Elise. Key Note Address: "Au non de la gouvernance : oui a une éthique politique océanienne", FILLM 2003, Littératures émergentes, intérêt local et golabl signification : théorie, politique, histoire (Emergent Literatures: Local Interest and Global Significance: Theory, Politics, History), Noumea, New Caledonia, 19-24 October.

Mohanty, Manoranjan. “Urban Governance and Sustainable Development: Some Issues and Challenges in Fiji”. Paper presented to the Development Research Symposium on Governance in Pacific States: Reassessing Roles and Remedies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, 29 September-2 October, 2003.

Reddy, Mahendra and Biman C. Prasad. “Tragedy of the Commons in the Pacific”, Paper presented to the 2003 Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Research Community, Montreal, Canada, 26-29 October, 2003.

Reddy, Mahendra and Pramendra Sharma. “Financial Market Transformation and Productivity Growth: A Case Study of Fiji’s Banking Industry”, Paper presented to the Emerging Financial Services Conference in the Asia Pacific Region, Sydney, Australia, 14-16 May, 2003.

Sharma, Pramendra and Mahendra Reddy. “Financial Market Conduct and Discipline: A Case Study of Fiji’s Banking Industry”, Paper presented to the Emerging Financial Services Conference in the Asia Pacific Region, Sydney, Australia, 14-16 May, 2003.

Sharma, Pramendra and Mahendra Reddy. “Financial Sector Governance in Fiji”, Paper presented to the Development Research Symposium on Governance in Pacific States: Reassessing Roles and Remedies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, 29 September-2 October, 2003.

Scholarly reviewsDuncan, Ronald C. Reviews of Managing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets. Eds. Michael P. Dooley and Jeffrey Frankel, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2003, and Economic and Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies. Ed. Martin Feldstein, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2003. Asia-Pacific Literature Journal, 17(2):72-4, 2003.

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Huffer, Elise. Review of La Saga du Kava : Du Vanuatu à la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Annabel R. Chanteraud, Collections « Îles et Archipels » No. 29, 2001, Centre de Recherches sur les Espaces Tropicaux de l'Université Michel de Montaigne, Bordeaux 3 et UMR 5064 DYMSET, Dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés dans les Espaces Tropicaux, 288p. The Journal of Pacific Studies, 25 (2), 2001 (published in June 2003).

Book chaptersHuffer, Elise. Politique, in 101 Mots pour le Vanuatu, forthcoming.

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