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Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures

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Valence Electrons andLewis Dot Structures

Orbitals – energy levels of electrons

Electron Placement

Valence Electrons

Located in the outermost orbital

The group number that the element is in tells how many

valence electrons it has.

How to determine valence electrons from the periodic table

Page 5: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Page 6: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Determining Valence Electrons from the Periodic Table

Page 7: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

In order for an element to be completely unreactive, it must have 8 electrons in its outermost orbital

This is what all elements try to obtain

Which group of elements follow this rule?

Octet Rule

How many valence electrons does Oxygen have?

Lewis Dot Structures

OEach dot represents a valence electron

You must fill all four sides with at least one electron before having a pair on one side

How many valence electrons does Nitrogen have?

Lewis Dot Structures

Helium is the only exception. Helium only has 2 electrons total. Although it does not follow the octet rule, its outer shell is full, and is therefore stable.

Lewis Dot Structure

Transfer of electrons

Na + Cl = ?

Na + Cl

First, write out the equation using Lewis Dot structures

Page 12: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Transfer of Electrons

Then, decide which electrons will be transferred.

Na + Cl

Page 13: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Transfer of electrons

Na + Cl

Now you have this:

What happens when an element gains or loses electrons?

Page 14: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Transfer of Electrons

Na + Cl+1

-1

Page 15: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Writing Formulas

Now that we have created a compound, lets write its formula!

Na + Cl+1

-1

Since we have one Na element and one Cl element, its formula is:

NaCl

This is an ionic bond.(metal + nonmetal)

Page 16: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Mg + Cl = ?

Mg + Cl

What about this one?

Page 17: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Having one lone electron makes magnesium very unstable. It needs to bond!!!!

Mg + Cl

Cl Cl

ClMg +

Page 18: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Writing Formulas

Not done yet!!! We still have to write the formula!

ClMg +

Since there is one Magnesium and two Chlorine’s, the formula is:

MgCl2

Page 19: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Covalent Bonds

Covalent bonds do NOT transfer electrons, they share them

Covalent bonds exist between two nonmetals(nonmetal + nonmetal)

Page 20: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Covalent Bonds

F + F = ?

F F+=

F F =F2

A shared bond is also represented by a dashed line

F F = F F

Page 21: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Covalent Bonds

H + O = ?H + O

HOWhat about this one?

Page 22: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement

Add another Hydrogen!!!

HOH

H2O

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