value analysis-pudukottai district
TRANSCRIPT
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VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
District : Pudukottai
Block : Gandarvakottai
Cluster : Gandarvakottai & Kallakottai
Location : Mudhukulam , Mattankal &
Veeradipatti Panchyats
Habitation : 1. Atchuthapuram,
2. Mookkapadaiyan pallam,
3. Mudhukulam4. Veeradipatty
5. Mattankal
Name of the activity : Cashew nut cultivation & Process
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Cashew nut - Index
Introduction of cashew resources with rainfall
History of cashew tree & nuts
Climate Requirement
Process for cashew nuts
Model of sales calculation
Cashew nut- Nutritions Vitamin contents
Quality of cashew nuts
Uses of Cashew nuts
Marketing
Conclusion
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VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
Pudukkottai district is bound on the North and North West by Trichirapalli district,
Sivagangai district on the West and South West, on the East and North East by
Thanjavur district and on the South East by Bay of Bengal. The district was formed
in January 1974 out of certain pockets of then Trichy and Thanjavur districts, havingan area of 4663 sq.km with a coastal line of 39 km.
The average rainfall of the district is 920 mm per year. The frequency of rainfall is
also uncertain. Even though the district has more number of tanks, most of the tanks
are silted in nature. So the water holding capacity of the tanks is very poor. This
often leads to water scarcity for irrigation during the critical stages of the crops,
especially during maturity. The major crops of Pudukkottai district are Paddy,
Groundnut, Cashew, Sugarcane, Pulses, Fruits, Coconut and Gingelly.
Cashew is one of the most valuable processed nuts on global commodity markets
and has the potential to generate employment and revenue for developing countries.
We have visited Mudhukulam panchayat of
Gandarvakottai block for study in cashew nut & tree.
5 habitations (Mudhukulam, Atchuthapuram,
Veeradipatty, Mattankal & Mookkapudaiyanpallam)
are covered in Mudhukulam Panchayat and 1860
families are living in the Panchayat & totally 3728
hectares of lands are irrigated to agriculture for
cashew, groundnut, Sugarcane, & Paddy. Major lands
are occupied in cashew nut process.
Cashew germinates slowly and poorly; several nuts are usually planted to the hole
and thinned later. Propagation is generally by seeds, but may be vegetative from
grafting, air-layering or inarching. Planting should be done in situ as cashew
seedlings do not transplant easily. Recommended spacing is 10 x 10 m, thinned to
20 x 20 m after about 10 years, with maximum planting of 250 trees/ha. Once
established, field needs little care. Intercropping may be done the first few years,with cotton, peanut, or yams. Fruits are produced after three years, during which
lower branches and suckers are removed. Full production is attained by 10th year
and continues to bear until about 30 years old. In dry areas, like Tanzania, flowering
occurs in dry season, and fruits mature in 2&3 months. Flowers and fruits in various
degrees of development are often present in same panicle.
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The fruit (nut)
The nut is attached to the lower portion of the
cashew apple which is conically shaped. The
cashew nut (seed) hangs at the bottom of the
apple, and is c-shaped. The cashew seed has
within the outside shell the edible kernel or nut. In
its raw form the cashew kernel is soft, white andmeaty. When roasted it changes colour and taste.
Salted, it appeals to the palate as the most
delicious nut.
Cashew apples and cashew nuts are excellent sources of nutrition. The cashew apple
contains five times more vitamin C than an orange and contains more calcium, iron
and vitamin B1 than other fruit such as citrus, avocados and bananas.
Cashew shell oil extracted from the shells is caustic and causes burns on the skin.
The mucous membranes of the mouth and throat are severely affected when it
comes into contact with shell oil or the irritating fumes emitted during roasting. The
oily shell liquid has many uses.
So we are selected to form cashew nut CLG in future because cashew nut business
is very huge profit earning in rural area. So we will decide to study about to cashew-
nut. Cashew nut tree is a fast grower and an evergreen tropical tree. It grows to a
height of 12 m. Blossoming takes place between November and January. Seedling
trees flower in the third year after planting. The fruit ripens fully within 2 months.
Climatic requirements
Cashew trees are genuinely tropical and very frost sensitive. The trees grow in a wide spectrum of climatic regions between the 25 N and
S latitudes.
Although the cashew can withstand high temperatures, a monthly mean of 25C is regarded as optimal.
Yearly rainfall of 1000 mm is sufficient for production but 1 500 to 2000 mmcan be regarded as optimal.
The cashew tree has a well-developed root system and can tolerate droughtconditions. Rain during the flowering season causes flower abortion due to
anthracnose and mildew.
During harvesting, while nuts are on the ground, rain and overcast weathercauses the nuts to rot or start germinating.
Nuts germinate within 4 days when lying on wet soil.
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Process for Cashew Nut
Exercise in Field ( Mudhukulam, Mattankal & Veeradipatty Panchayat ) We have
taken 1 acre for study purpose. So this data is only for 1 acre calculation
Land : 1 AcreTotal Plants : 25 plants/tree
Cashew nut nursery : Rain fall season in October & November
Types of plants : Local Country plants & Viruthachalam II
At the time cashew nut harvesting/yielding
With water facility : 200kgs per tree in 1st
harvest then 25% of Yielding
Will be increased every year harvest
Results for Harvesting : 25trees X 200kgs = 5000kgs
Per Sacks : 80 Kgs
Total sacks : 62.5 Sacks (Approximately)
Per Sack : Rs 4500
Total earnings per harvest : Rs 4500 X 62.5 sacks = 281250
Without water : 100kgs per tree in 1st
harvest then 25% of yielding
Will be increased every year harvest in one tree
Results for harvesting : 25trees X 100 Kgs = 2500Kgs
Per Sacks : 80 Kgs
Total sacks : 31 Sacks (Approximately)
Per Sack : Rs 4500
Total earnings per harvest : Rs 4500 X 31 sacks = 139500
(Approximately 100 grams will be deducted from 1kg cashew nut after drying
process).
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Formers have received advance amount from wholesaler before harvesting cashew
nut and after harvesting the cashew nut and settled to wholesaler. But
broker/wholesalers are sold to other person for Rs 5000 to 5500 per sack
(approximately) but the former can sell directly to market get earn more profit per
harvesting. Because of roasted cashew nut price is more then compare cashew
seeds.
Roasted cashew nuts is more vitamin to health (Example Per 100 grams
cashew seed is reported to contain 542 calories, 7.6 g H2O, 17.4 g protein, 43.4 g
fat, 29.2 g total carbohydrate, 1.4 g fiber, 2.4 g ash, 76 mg Ca, 578 mg P, 18.0 mg
Fe, 0.65 mg thiamine, 0.25 mg riboflavin, 1.6 mg niacin, and 7 mg ascorbic acid.
Per 100 g, the mature seed is reported to contain 561 calories, 5.2 g H2O, 17.2 g
protein, 45.7 g fat, 29.3 g total carbohydrate, 1.4 g fiber, 2.6 g ash, 38 mg Ca, 373
mg P, 3.8 mg Fe, 15 mg Na, 464 mg K, 60 mg b-carotene equivalent, 0.43 mg
thiamine, 0.25 mg riboflavin, and 1.8 mg niacin. Per 100 g, the mature seed isreported to contain 533 calories, 2.7 g H2O, 15.2 g protein, 37.0 g fat, 42.0 g total
carbohydrate, 1.4 g fiber, 3.1 g ash, 24 mg Ca, 580 mg P, 1.8 mg Fe, 0.85 mg
thiamine, 0.32 mg riboflavin, and 2.1 mg niacin. The apple contains 87.9% water,
0.2% protein, 0.1% fat, 11.6% carbohydrate, 0.2% ash, 0.01% Ca, 0.01% P, .002%
Fe, 0.26% vitamin C, and 0.09% carotene.
Processing cashew seeds
The purpose of cashew nut processing is to extract the nice, healthy, tasty and
nutritionous kernels from the raw nuts in shell. There are 3 phases are process steps
for getting good quality of cashew nuts. (Chart & photos enclosed)
Cashew nuts are graded to 6 types of qualities.
There are
Cashew kernels are graded on how white they are (W: white, S: scorched, D:
dessert), how broken they are (W: whole, S: split, B: butt, P: piece) and what size
they are (180 kernels/lb, 210 kernels/lb, 240 kernels/lb, 320 kernels/lb, 450
kernels/lb).
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1st
Quality - The cashew kernels are white, pale ivory, or light ash gray colour and
they are whole, not broken.
2nd
Quality - The grade of white whole kernels but the colour is darker due to
overheating in the process of oil dressing or dry.
3rd Quality - The kernels are deep scorched
4th
Quality - The kernels are broken in crosswise.
5th
Quality - The kernels split naturally in lengthwise
6th
Quality - The kernels are broken into more than two pieces & small pieces
Note: 1st
, 2nd
and 3rd
qualities are directly exported to foreign country and otherqualities are sold in local marketing.
Uses of Cashew nuts
Premium cashew nuts : Roasted / coated with spices, chocolate or honey
Distinctive cashew nuts : Cashew splits are embedded in pastry and many
oriental sweets
Confectionery cashew nuts : Dry roasted cashew nuts are used to ice creamsand chocolates
Curries cashew nuts : cashew flours paste are most Asian sweets
Oil roasted cashew nuts : The biggest use of cashew is as oil. There are
healthy and premium alternative to common snacks
Cashew oils are used in medicine purpose for treat ailment such as scurvy, warts and
ring worms & the cashew leaves are used as folk remedies for calcium deficiency
and intestinal colic, cashew resins were used as a cough remedy
The roasted cashew nuts are sale direct to customer without agents/brokers get more
profits to earn harvest cashew nuts and cashew shells also used as fuel in hotels &
Bakery
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Local Marketing
One sacks - 80 Kgs per sacks
Process & roasted in cashew nuts per sacks - Get 22 kgs cashew nuts from 1sack
(80 kgs per sack)
After process the roasted cashew nuts
- Have get 3 types of quality (Q4, Q5 & Q6) will get 3:2:1 ratio quality of
cashew nuts received from after roasted the cashew seeds from 1 sack ( will
take only 20 kgs )
Q4 Market price - Rs560 (Approximately) per kg in local marketing Q5 Market price - Rs480 (Approximately) per kg in local marketing Q6 Market price - Rs400 (Approximately) per kg in local marketing
Q4 Market price - Rs560 X 10kgs (3 ratio in 20kgs) - Rs 5600
Q5 Market price - Rs480 X 6kgs (2 ratio in 20kgs) - Rs 2880
Q6 Market price - Rs400 X 4kgs (1 ratio in 20kgs) - Rs 1600
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Total Earnings Rs 10080
-------------1acre calculation
Per sacks - 20 Kgs cashew nuts
31 Sacks (without water) - 20 kgs X 31 Sacks = 620 Kgs cashew nuts
Total 620 Kgs
3-310kgs - 310kgs X Rs560 = 173600 (approx)
2-206kgs - 206kgs X Rs480 = 98880 (approx)
1-104kgs - 104kgs X Rs400 = 41600 (approx)
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Total Earnings 225080 (approx)
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ConclusionThe former had loss half of the profit to the sale local agents or brokers. So we will
try to form common livelihood group in that Panchayats & provide godown facility
to formers for stored the cashew seeds at the time of harvesting period of April, May
& June of every year. We have provide various training to the formers for marketing
strategy and analysis,
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Cashew nut Process chart
Sizing
Shelling
2nd Phase
Drying
Hot oil roasting
Peeling
Grade in 26
types
Cleaning- remove
dust & others
3rd Phase
Packed as
customer
1
st
PhaseSizing
Cleaning
Soaking in
water
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Cashew nut process and cultivation details photos with stage by stage
Cashew Plant Cashew plant with flowers
Cashew nuts with flower Cashew nuts with fruits
Cashew nuts with fruits (final) Cashew nuts ready to harvesting
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Cashew nut fruits Grading Harvested cashew nut with fruit
Harvested Cashew nut Roasting cashew nuts
Graded Cashew Nut Finished product - Ready to sale