vanishing venice - Сбогом Венеция ngm august 2009

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8/14/2019 Vanishing Venice - Сбогом Венеция NGM August 2009 http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vanishing-venice-ngm-august-2009 1/36 National Geographic България > В броя > Сбогом, Венеция За нас За NGS За списанието начало рейтинг: Вход NG КЛУБ В БРОЯ Сбогом, Венеция Изкуството на заблудата Вулканът под Йелоустоун Сините китове Мис Камила БЪЛГАРИЯ В NG NG KIDS НОВИНИ ПЪТЕПИСИ КОНКУРСИ ДРУГИ ИЗДАНИЯ NG КЛУБ НОВИ ЗАГЛАВИЯ ФОРУМ АРХИВ АБОНАМЕНТ ИГРИ ТЕМИ Археология Биология География Геология Екология Космос Култура Медицина Общество История Палеонтология Физика ГАЛЕРИЯ СБОГОМ, ВЕНЕЦИЯ Статията Галерия от Кати Нюман; снимки: Джоди Коб Туристите заливат града. Местните жители го напускат. Никъде в Италия, където нещастията връхлитат разкрасени с рококо стил, няма да откриете по- изящно рамкирана криза от тази на Венеция. Нито суша, нито вода - мержелеещ се някъде помежду им, градът се въздига като мираж от една лагуна в дъното на Адриатика. От векове го грози опасността да изчезне под вълните на acqua alta - безмилостно редовните наводнения, - но това е най-дребният от всичките му проблеми. Ако искате да научите повече, обърнете се към кмета Масимо Качари - разсеян и жизнерадостен професор по философия, който владее до съвършенство немски, латински и старогръцки. Питайте го за acqua alta и потъващата Венеция и той ще ви отговори: „Ами купете си ботуши." Като има вода - да газят с ботуши? Ботушите вършат работа във водата, но са безполезни срещу един друг вид потоп, който поражда повече притеснения от преливането на лагуната. Брой на жителите на Венеция през 2007 г.: 60 000. Брой на посетителите през 2007 г.: 21 милиона. Например само за един уикенд през май 2008 г. 80 000 туристи се спуснаха върху града подобно на скакалци върху египетските поля. Обществените паркинги в Местре - в континенталната част, където хората оставят колите си, преди да хванат автобуса или влака до историческия център - се препълниха и затвориха врати. Успелите да се доберат до Венеция нахлуха по улиците като рибни пасажи, хапнаха пица и сладолед и оставиха след себе си купища хартии и пластмасови бутилки. Прозвището La Serenissima („най-ведрата") съвсем не отговаря на истината. Светът се потапя в пищно изваяния купел на града с гид в ръка; в багажа си е опаковал фантазии, четка за зъби и здрави обувки. Пляс! - и венецианците се разплискват навън. Туризмът не е единствената причина за все по-масовото им бягство, но един въпрос е увиснал като мараня във въздуха: кой ще бъде последният останал венецианец?  „Венеция е толкова прекрасна" - казва директорът на една културна фондация. От прозореца му б й С М б й ф СПЕЦИАЛНО ИЗДАНИЕ Август 2009 ubmit

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Page 1: Vanishing Venice - Сбогом Венеция NGM August 2009

8/14/2019 Vanishing Venice - Сбогом Венеция NGM August 2009

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vanishing-venice-ngm-august-2009 1/36

National Geographic България > В броя > Сбогом, Венеция

За нас За NGS За списанието начало

рейтинг:

Вход NG КЛУБ

В БРОЯ

Сбогом, Венеция

Изкуството назаблудата

Вулканът подЙелоустоун

Сините китове

Мис Камила

БЪЛГАРИЯ В NG

NG KIDS

НОВИНИ

ПЪТЕПИСИ

КОНКУРСИ

ДРУГИ ИЗДАНИЯ

NG КЛУБ

НОВИ ЗАГЛАВИЯ

ФОРУМАРХИВ

АБОНАМЕНТ

ИГРИ

ТЕМИ

Археология

Биология

География

Геология

Екология

Космос

Култура

Медицина

Общество

История

Палеонтология

Физика

ГАЛЕРИЯ

СБОГОМ, ВЕНЕЦИЯ

Статията Галерия

от Кати Нюман; снимки: Джоди Коб

Туристите заливат града. Местните жители го напускат.

Никъде в Италия, където нещастията връхлитат разкрасени с рококо стил, няма да откриете по-изящно рамкирана криза от тази на Венеция. Нито суша, нито вода - мержелеещ се някъдепомежду им, градът се въздига като мираж от една лагуна в дъното на Адриатика. От векове гогрози опасността да изчезне под вълните на acqua alta - безмилостно редовните наводнения, - нотова е най-дребният от всичките му проблеми.

Ако искате да научите повече, обърнете се към кмета Масимо Качари - разсеян и жизнерадостенпрофесор по философия, който владее до съвършенство немски, латински и старогръцки. Питайтего за acqua alta и потъващата Венеция и той ще ви отговори: „Ами купете си ботуши." Като имавода - да газят с ботуши?

Ботушите вършат работа във водата, но са безполезни срещу един друг вид потоп, който пораждаповече притеснения от преливането на лагуната. Брой на жителите на Венеция през 2007 г.: 60000. Брой на посетителите през 2007 г.: 21 милиона.

Например само за един уикенд през май 2008 г. 80 000 туристи се спуснаха върху града подобнона скакалци върху египетските поля. Обществените паркинги в Местре - в континенталната част,където хората оставят колите си, преди да хванат автобуса или влака до историческия център - сепрепълниха и затвориха врати. Успелите да се доберат до Венеция нахлуха по улиците като рибнипасажи, хапнаха пица и сладолед и оставиха след себе си купища хартии и пластмасови бутилки.

Прозвището La Serenissima („най-ведрата") съвсем не отговаря на истината. Светът се потапя впищно изваяния купел на града с гид в ръка; в багажа си е опаковал фантазии, четка за зъби издрави обувки. Пляс! - и венецианците се разплискват навън. Туризмът не е единствената причина

за все по-масовото им бягство, но един въпрос е увиснал като мараня във въздуха: кой ще бъдепоследният останал венецианец?

 „Венеция е толкова прекрасна" - казва директорът на една културна фондация. От прозореца муб й С М б й ф

СПЕЦИАЛНО

ИЗДАНИЕ

Август 2009

ubmit

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National Geographic България > В броя > Сбогом, Венеция

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 Vanishing Venice — National Geographic Magazine

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Vanishing Venice

Tourists flood the city.

Residents flee. See Jodi

Cobb's photos from Venice.

Photo Gallery 

Interactive

Published: August 2009 Venice

 Vanishing Venice

The world tugs at the lovely hem of the city Thomas Mann

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Just ask Mayor Massimo Cacciari, broody, mercurial professor of philosophy, fluent

in German, Latin, Ancient Greek; translator of Sophocles'  Antigone; a man who

raises the level of political intellect to just short of the stratosphere. Ask about the

acqua alta and Venice sinking, and he says, "So go get boots." Let them w ear boots.

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PAGE [ 2 ] OF 9

Ezra Pound (the American poet, buried in Venice) quoting Aubrey Beardsley's line to

 William Butler Yeats, a kind of literary game of telephone—but then indirection is as

 Venetian as the curves of the Grand Canal.

Cacciari, whose reputation for arrogance rivals his reputation for eloquence, seemed to be in

a mood as black as his hair and luxuriant beard. (Not a streak of gray on his 63- year-old

head. "Does he dye his hair?" I asked a press officer. "No. He is very proud of that," she

answered.) The day before, a torrential downpour had flooded Mestre. Rain caused the flood,

not acqua alta, Cacciari said, sitting in his office. "MOSE [the flood barriers underconstruction; see our interactive] wouldn't have helped. High tide is not a problem for me.

It's a problem for you foreigners." End of discussion on flooding.

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No, he pressed, the problems lie elsewhere. The cost of 

maintaining Venice: "There is not enough money from the state to

cover it all—the cleaning of canals, restoration of buildings, raising

of foundations. Very expensive.'' The cost of living: "It's three

times as costly to live here as in Mogliano, 20 kilometers away. It's

affordable only for the rich or elderly who already own houses

 because they have been passed down. The young? They can't afford

it."

Finally, there is tourism. Of that, Cacciari the philosopher said

this: "Venice is not a sentimental place of honeymoon. It's a

strong, contradictory, overpowering place. It is not a city for tourists. It cannot be reduced to

a postcard."

 Would you close it to tourists? I asked.

"Yes. I would close Venice—or perhaps, on reflection, a little entrance examination and a

little fee." He looked bemused.

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PAGE [ 3 ] OF 9

palazzo—the 60,300-square-foot Palazzo Nani, to be offered with a permit allowing its

conversion to another use. "It will probably become a hotel," Scola said. When I asked forsomething more affordable, I was taken the next day to see a 388-square-foot studio that

 would give a sardine claustrophobia, but it was only 260,000 euros. Someone would buy it as

an investment or pied-à-terre. But probably not a Venetian.

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If you are a Venetian, and not part of what Henry James called the

"battered peep-show" of tourist Venice, if you are a resident who

lives in a fifth-floor walk-up apartment (elevators are rare in

 Venice), someone who gets up, goes to work, goes home, Venice is

a different place altogether. The abnormal is normal. A flood is

routine. The siren sounds, protective steel doors come down.

Boots, essential to any Venetian wardrobe, are pulled on. The two

and a half miles of passerelle—an elevated boardwalk supported

on metal legs—are set up. Life goes on.

Here, where everything anyone needs to live and die must be

floated in, wrestled over bridges, and muscled up stairs, time is measured by the breath of 

tides, and space bracketed by water. The mathematics of distance, an accounting of footsteps

and boat timetables, is instinctive to every Venetian.

 When Silvia Zanon goes to Campo San Provolo, where she teaches middle school, she knows

it will take 23 minutes to walk there from her apartment on the Calle delle Carrozze. She

leaves at 7:35 a.m. Memi, owner of a neighborhood trattoria, seated at a table reading the

l k d d Th ll i h f h b b

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PAGE [ 4 ] OF 9

always, always, the heavy, sad sound of bells. Most of all, the sound of Venice is the absence

of the sound of cars.

Often Franco Filippi, a bookstore owner and writer, cannot sleep, and so he gets up and

threads his way through the maze of streets, flashlight in hand, stopping now and then to

play a beam over facades of stucco and stone until the cylinder of light picks out a roundel of 

carved stone, called a patera, depicting some fantastic beast that slithers, prowls, or flies. It

is then, while the city sleeps and he is rapt in the contemplation of a touchstone of its past,

that he reclaims his Venice from the crowds that fill the streets, squares, and canals when it

is day.

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Gherardo Ortalli, a professor of medieval history, finds his path

less poetic. "When I go out in the campo with my friends, I have to

stop because someone is taking a photograph of us as if we are

aboriginals," he says. "Perhaps one day we are. You go and see a

sign on a cage. 'Feed the Venetians.' When I arrived 30 years ago,

the population was 120,000. Now it is less than 60,000."

The decline seems inexorable. Last year alone, the resident

population fell by 444. Ortalli thinks Venice will end up as simply 

a theme park for the rich, who will jet in to spend a day or two in

their palazzo, then leave. It is 10 a.m., and he is headed toward a

kiosk in the Campo Santa Margherita to buy a newspaper before going to his office, though

 you can hardly find the papers for the jetsam and flotsam of tourist kitsch: miniature masks,

gondola pins, felt jester caps. "Everything is for sale," he sighs. "Even Venice."

Meet the official charged with the solemn duty of managing the wear and tear of tourism.

His name is Augusto Salvadori, and his card introduces him as

Director of Tourism

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PAGE [ 5 ] OF 9

defender. If Salvadori could command it, every balcony would be draped with geraniums.

(He distributed 3,000 plants with that in mind.) Once, dining at a canalside restaurant, heleaned over the table to reprimand a passing gondolier for singing "O Sole Mio," a

Neapolitan, not Venetian, song.

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In fall 2007 he dispatched a commando of volunteers to spread the

gospel of neatness in the Piazza San Marco, to remind visitors to

follow the commandments of good behavior: not to eat, drink, or

sit anywhere other than in designated areas. "We are fighting for

the dignity of Venice," Salvadori says. In spring 2008, he

announced decorum week; 72,000 plastic bags were distributed to

residents so that they could dispose of dog poop. Useful, except

that no one provided extra trash cans for the used bags.

"The city is consumed by tourism," says Salvadori, seated in his

office in the 16th-century Palazzo Contarini Mocenigo. "What do

 Venetians get in exchange?" A frown as his brow plummets. "Services are strained. During

part of the year Venetians cannot elbow their way onto public transportation. The cost of 

garbage collection increases; so does the price of l iving." Does it ever, particularly when it

comes to residential property. A 1999 law that eased regulations on the conversion of 

residential buildings to tourist accommodations exacerbated an ongoing housing shortage.

Meanwhile, the number of hotels and guesthouses since 1999 has increased by 600 percent.

"P h h l " S l d i " i h l d Th

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 Venice from ten stories up. You might as well be in a helicopter. But it's not important. You

arrive in Venice, write a postcard, and remember what a wonderful evening you had."

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The malady is chronic. The onset of infection, says art historian

Margaret Plant, dates to the 1880s, when the city "was fetishized,and its face was turned resolutely to the past. At that point

zealously guarded Venice became a commodity city, a package of 

the totally picturesque. Its own citizens were confirmed as a lower

order."

The contagion seeps down streets, climbs bridges, and crosses the

piazza. "There goes another piece of Venice," Silvia Zanon, the

teacher, said sadly when La Camiceria San Marco, a clothing store

located near the Piazza San Marco for 60 years, had to move to a

smaller, less prime spot because the rent had tripled. The shop, quintessentially Venetian,

tailored pajamas for the Duke of Windsor and sport shirts for Ernest Hemingway. "It's like

leaving the house where you were born," said Susanna Cestari, who had worked there 32

 years, packing boxes for the move.

In August 2007, Molin Giocattoli, a toy store so popular an adjacent bridge was called theBridge of Toys, closed. Since December 2007, ten hardware stores have gone out of business.

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One thing the Venetians haven't abandoned is their cynicism. When the exodus is complete,

if the city ends up as nothing more than an exquisite, gilded bonbonnière, "Who will be the

last Venetian left?" a woman whose family reached back generations was asked. "I don't

know," she replied. "But certainly the last Venetian will want to be paid for it."

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Meanwhile, plans for the city's salvation appear and disappear

 with the regularity of the tides, but the stakes couldn't be higher:Tourism in Venice generates $2 billion a year in revenue, probably 

an underestimate because so much business is done off the books.

It is, reports the University of Venice's International Center of 

Studies on the Tourist Economy, "the heart and soul of the

 Venetian economy—good and bad."

Some people suggest that Venice's wounds are self-inflicted—the

sequelae of the drive to wring every last euro, yen, and dollar out

of tourism. "They don't want tourists," observes a former resident,

"but they want their money. American tourists are best. They spend. Eastern Europeans

 bring their own food and water. Perhaps they buy a little plastic gondola."

There is talk, always talk (this is Italy) about limiting tourists, taxing tourists, imploring

them to avoid the high seasons of Easter and Carnival, but tourism—intertwined with the

loss of resident population, complicated by the power of hoteliers, gondoliers, and water taxidrivers, who have an interest in maximizing the influx of visitors—defies simple solutions.

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 A century and a half later, it does.

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To glide from the slate green waters of the lagoon past San Giorgio

Maggiore to the San Marco Basin, to approach the Doge's Palace with its tracery of arches and columns, to see it as the doges must

have—enthroned on a gilded barge surging through a silver sea,

oars dipping and rising, banners pulled taut by wind—is to see that

 beauty, difficult and bruised, survives.

 As does romance. What is Venice—so seductive, so lethally 

attractive—except the most sublime setting for the thrilling of the

heart?

For example, one fall day not long ago two children, 12 and 13,

from Grosseto, a town in Tuscany, decided to run away. Their parents disapproved of their

romance, so they saved and spent their allowance on a train to Venice. They walked narrow 

streets paved in stone and lingered on the bridges that vault the canals. Night approached,

and with it the need for a place to stay. They arrived at the Hotel Zecchini, a modest

guesthouse with an inviting orange-and-white awning. The clerk heard a small voice ask about a room, looked up, saw nothing, leaned over the desk, and looked into the faces of two

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curtain falls along with our hearts.

Beauty is so difficult.

Cathy Newman is an editor at large for the magazine. Jodi Cobb has worked in more than 50 countries. Her stories

for the magazine include "21st-Century Slaves."

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