vannoy foundationsofprophecy syllabus generaloutline ot551

7/29/2019 Vannoy FoundationsOfProphecy Syllabus GeneralOutline OT551

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OT 551 FOUNDATIONS IN BIBLICAL PROPHECYBiblical Theological SeminaryDr. J . Robert VannoyWinter Semester 2007

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

"Foundations in Biblical Prophecy" has a twofold purpose: 1) to introduce the student to thephenomena of "prophecy" in Ancient Israel, and 2) to familiarize the student with the generalcontent of the prophetic corpus of the Old Testament. The first purpose will be accomplished byclassroom discussion of such questions as: did all of Israel's prophets receive a special "call" totheir prophetic task; how is the origin of prophetism in Israel to be explained; are there analogiesto Israel's prophetism to be found among other ancient peoples; how could the ancient Israelitedistinguish between a true and a false prophet; were the prophets cultic functionaries; were theprophets writers; does biblical prophecy have apologetic value, etc. Beyond these generalfeatures of the prophetic phenomena in the Old Testament, attention will be given to

hermeneutical principles that are important for a proper interpretation of the Old Testamentprophetic writings. This will include discussion of such things as the prophetic time perspective,the conditionality of prophetic statements, and the idea of double sense or double reference inprophetic statements. The student will read each of the major and minor prophetic books alongwith C. H. Bullock's An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books. Interpretive issuesin the books of Obadiah, Joel, Jonah and Amos will be discussed in the classroom.

Prerequisite: Hebrew 2. Three hours.

OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE:

1. To examine the phenomena of prophetism in Ancient Israel, including such things as theprophetic call, the inspiration of the prophets, relation of the prophets to the cult, true andfalse prophets, symbolic acts, comparison of prophecy in Israel to prophecy outsideIsrael, and the apologetic value of biblical prophecy and its fulfillment.

2. To become familiar with the writings of the prophets of Israel including the generalcontent of each book, its historical setting, and purpose of writing.

3. To learn some principles of hermeneutics relative to the prophetical writings, both intheory and application.

4. To become acquainted with critical theories concerning the authorship and character ofprophetical books, with particular attention given to Isaiah and Daniel.

5. To explore how the message of the prophetic writings has relevance for the church of the21st century.

METHODS EMPLOYED TOWARD THE SECURING OF THE COURSE OBJECTIVES:


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1. Texts: C. Hassel Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books.

Elizabeth Achtemeier, Preaching from the Prophets, (Chapter 7, pp. 109-135) inPreaching From the Old Testament

Elizabeth Achtemeier, Preaching from the Minor Prophets.Or:Donald A. Leggett, Loving God and Disturbing Men. Preaching from theProphets.

2. Reading each of the prophetic books in the English Bible.

3. Lectures will supplement readings and will concentrate on various aspects of thephenomena of prophetism in ancient Israel and the books of Obadiah, Joel, Jonah, andAmos.

4. Classroom discussion and interaction will be encouraged.

5. Preparation of an exegetical paper on the Book of Hosea.

6. Preparation of an exegetical analysis of Amos 9:11-15.

7. Brief written discussion of the readings from Achtemeieror Achtemeier and Leggett.

PROCEDURES USED IN TESTING ACHIEVEMENT OF THE COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. Potential quizzes each week on assigned readings. During the quarter three or fourquizzes will be given.

2. Mid-term examination, primarily on lecture material.

3. Final examination, also primarily on lecture material

4. Evaluation of papers.


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OT 551 FOUNDATIONS IN BIBLICAL PROPHECYBiblical Theological SeminaryWinter Semester 2007Dr. J . Robert Vannoy

Assignments

Reading

C. Hassell Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books.Chicago: Moody Press, 1986.

Elizabeth Achtemeier, Preaching from the Prophets, (Chapter 7, pp. 109-135)in Preaching From the Old Testament. Louisville: Westminster/JohnKnox, 1989.

Elizabeth Achtemeier, Preaching from the Minor Prophets. GrandRapids:Eerdmans, 1998.OR:

Donald Leggett, Loving God and Disturbing Men. Preaching from the Prophets.Bowmanville, Canada: Clements Publishing, 2003, Revised Edition.

Term Paper

A study is to be made of the book of Hosea, the results of which are to besummarized in a paper of 15-20 pages (typewritten, double-spaced, using correctform for footnotes, bibliography, etc.). The paper is to include discussion of thefollowing matters:

1. The moral problem of Hosea's wife of whoredoms - what position doyou take on this, and why?

Resources to begin your study:H. Eybers, The Matrimonial Life of Hosea, In Studies in

the Books of Hosea and Amos. Pretoria: OTWSA,1964,1965, pp. 11-34.

H. H. Rowley, The Marriage of Hosea, In Men of God:Studies in Old Testament History and Prophecy.London: 1963, pp. 66-97.

2. Select some verse, section, or topic in the book of Hosea (otherthan the topic of Hosea's wife of whoredoms) that you find to beparticularly interesting, and comment on it, utilizing insightsderived from Hebrew translation and exegesis.


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3. Make some comments on the significance of the book of Hosea for

the time in which it was written; and then bridging the historicalgap, comment on its significance for God's people at the beginningof the 21st century.


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Assignment Schedule - dates given are due dates

Tues Jan. 16 Bullock: Obadiah, pp. 254-262Joel, pp. 324-334 11Jonah, pp. 41-54

14Amos, pp. 55-8329(63)

Tues. Jan. 23 Bullock: Hosea,pp. 84-102 18

Micah, pp. 103-124 22(40)

Tues. Jan. 30 Hosea paper research

Tues. Feb. 6 Bullock: Isaiahpp. 125-164 40

Zephaniah pp. 165-173 9

(49)

Tues. Feb. 13 Hosea paper research

Tues. Feb. 20 MID-TERM EXAMINATION

Tues. Feb. 27 Bullock: Habakkuk,pp. 174-184 11

Jeremiah, pp. 185-214 30Nahum, pp. 215-226 12

(53)

Tues. March 6 Bullock Ezekiel, pp.227-253 27

Daniel, pp. 279-300 22(49)

Hosea paper due*

Tues. March 13 Bullock: Haggai, pp. 301-309 9Zechariah, pp. 310-323 14Malachi, pp. 335-343 9

(32)

Tues. March 20 Amos exegesis


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FOUNDATIONS IN BIBLICAL PROPHECY LECTURE OUTLINE 2

Tues. March 27 Give a two page summarization ofthe five most significant things you have learned fromreading either the two assigned readings from Achtemeier,or Chapter 7 from Achtemeier and the book by Leggett.

Elizabeth Achtemeier, Preaching from the Minor Prophets.Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Elizabeth Achtemeier, "Preaching from the Prophets,"(Chapter 7, pp. 109-135) in Preaching From the OldTestament. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox,1989.

Donald Leggett, Loving God and Disturbing Men.Preaching from the Prophets. Bowmanville,Canada: Clements Publishing, 2003, RevisedEdition.

* A one week extension will be granted without penalty. A .5 grade point penalty per week willbe given for subsequent lateness.

Grading

1/4 Quizzes on Bullock (potential every day on which a readingassignment from Bullock is due); Amos exegesis; Achtemeier report.

1/4 Hosea paper

1/4 Mid-term Exam

1/4 Final Exam

Extra-credit

You may achieve extra- credit for your grade in this course by reading chapters 1,2,6,7 in thebook CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY. PERSPECTIVES ON THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN THE TESTAMENTS, edited by John Feinberg, Crossway, 1988. This book is nolonger out of print if you desire to purchase it, but photo copies of these four chapters are on


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reserve in the Library. The articles in this book, as the title suggests, raise the important issue ofcontinuity and discontinuity between the Testaments, which is a particularly important issuewhen one attempts to interpret the "kingdom prophecies" of the OT prophetical books. Do theseprophecies speak in figurative language about the New Testament church, or do they havereference to a future that involves some sort of a reconstituted national Israel? Does the Biblesee a future for Israel, or is Israel superceded by the church? You should read the above chaptersand then reflect on the issues that they raise, and write an 8-10 page paper describing your ownconclusions on these issues. This does not necessarily mean that you have to agree with theexpression of either side of the issue as represented in the essays you have read. There may beother alternatives. This, of course, is a very large subject, and one that is very complex as well.It is possible that you may not be able to come to any firm conclusions in the short time that youhave to work on this project. I am aware that most of you are probably in the early stages ofyour own theological reflection, and that issues like this need to be worked out over a longerrather than a shorter period of time of wrestling with the issues involved. But I would hope thatthis project would encourage you to at least make some tentative steps toward finding your ownway on these questions, and then enable you to identify some of the outstanding issues that inyour own mind are as yet unresolved. These unresolved issues could also be part of thediscussion included in your paper.

Due date March 27 no extensions.

Should you choose to do this paper, I will give extra-credit as follows:

Grade of A on your paper =.75 grade point increase of your final grade.Grade of B on your paper =.50 grade point increase of your final grade.

Biblical Seminary's policy on

Plagiarism

To plagiarize is To steal or purloin and pass off as ones own (ideas, writings, etc., of another)(Websters new collegiate dictionary, 1953). Plagiarism is theft. Not putting the definitionabove within quotation marks, not crediting Websters (via the text citation), or changing a word(e.g., claim for pass off) and presenting the definition as your own would all be plagiarism.In other words, plagiarism is using someone elses material without giving that person credit.Other forms of plagiarism include mixing unmarked quotations with your own words and puttinga single reference at the end of the paragraph, buying a paper from a term paper service (fromany source, including one of those online), turning in a paper written by a student who already

took the course, or having someone else write your paper. If in doubt, ask your professor or thelibrary staffbeforeyou turn it in.

Any paper containing plagiarized material will receive a zero (0%). You may appeal thispolicy to the faculty, who could forgive youor discipline you further by, e.g., expulsion orfailure for the course.


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OT 551 FOUNDATIONS IN BIBLICAL PROPHECYBiblical Theological SeminaryDr. J . Robert Vannoy

CLASS LECTURE OUTLINE

I. Prophetism in ancient Israel - general remarks.

A. A unique phenomenon.

B. The prophets were servants of God, invested with the prophetic function.1. Some of the prophets received a special call to the prophetic task.2. For some prophets no special calling is recorded, but all the prophets

demonstrate awareness that they are endowed with the propheticfunction.

3. The endowment with the prophetic function was a power that no prophetcould resist.

C. The function of the prophet is the proclamation of the Word of God.1. Expressions with which the prophets introduce their sermons are

indicative that the message is God's, not their own.2. The prophet must declare God's Word, regardless of whether or not this is

pleasant to him.3. There is a distinction between the prophet's own word and the Word of

God which they spoke.

D. The phenomenon of Israel's prophets is as old as the history of Israel itself.

E. Besides male prophets, Israel also had her prophetesses.

F. Besides individual prophets, there are also bands or companies of prophetsreferred to in the O.T.1. References to the prophetic bands or companies.2. Members of these companies came to be called


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A. The most general name is "the man of God."

B. "Servant of the Lord."

C. "The messenger of the Lord."

D. aybn

1. Etymology ofaybn.2. Usage of the word aybn.

E. ha#r)

F. hz#oj

III. The origin of prophetism in Israel.

A. Alleged analogies to Israel's prophetism in other nations.

1. Mesopotamian analogies.a. Letter of Itur-asdu to Zimrilim.b. Letter of Kibri-Dagan to Zimrilim.c. Letter of Kibri-Dagan to Zimrilim.d. Letter of Kibri-Dagan.

e. Conclusion regarding Mesopotamian analogies.

2. Egyptian analogies.a. Admonitions of Ipu-wer.b. Prophecy of Nefer-rohu.

3. Canaanite analogies

4. Conclusion

B. Internal Israelite explanations for the origin of prophetism.1. Religious genius of Israel itself.2. Religious consciousness of the prophets.

C. Prophetism in Israel according to the witness of the Old Testament finds its originin God and must be viewed as a gift of God to his people (Deut. 18:9-22).

IV. The ways and means of God's revelation to the prophets.


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A. Prophetic seeing and hearing the word of God.

B. The function of the Holy Spirit in the revelation of God to the prophets.

1. Some biblical passages which have a bearing on the function of the HolySpirit in the revelation of God to the prophets.

2. The Holy Spirit, ecstasy, and the prophets.a. Mowinckel - Spirit and ecstasy belong together.b. Sometimes the Holy Spirit produces abnormal behavior described

as prophesying.c. Must not exaggerate this into more than the Bible says.d. To admit abnormal behavior does not mean derivation from

heathen practices.e. The Bible does not indicate that the coming of the Spirit on a man

always brings about abnormal behavior.f. Mowinckel's contention is not true.

C. In what sense may we speak of ecstasy among Israel's prophets?

1. There has always been a difference of opinion here.2. Ecstasy is a broad concept and very different things can be understood by

it.3. Certainly not everything labeled as ecstatic behavior on the part of the

canonical prophets can be so considered.4. The form of ecstatic behavior most frequently displayed among Israel's

prophets is that of the visionary experience - not wild abnormal behavior.

V. The preaching of the prophets.

A. General remarks1. The prophets were first and foremost proclaimers of God's Word.2. The message of the prophets was a faithful proclamation of God's

revelation, but not to the exclusion of a personal element in the form of itspresentation.

B. Some formal characteristics of the prophetic proclamation.

1. The messages are direct and living - not abstract and dry.2. The prophets often utilize a play on words to get a point across.3. The prophets often utilize poetic expression.4. The prophets often use imagery or figurative language.

C. Some characteristics of the content of the prophetic proclamation.

1. The prophets do not bring a new religion or morality.


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2. The message of the prophets centers in four areas.a. Religious.b. Morality and social relationships.c. Political issues.d. Eschatology and messianic expectation.

VI. True and false prophets.

A. Statement of the problem.

B. Validation criteria for true prophecy.1. Moral character of the prophet as observed in his daily conduct.2. Signs and wonders.3. The fulfillment of prophecy.4. The conformity of the message to previous revelation.5. Enlightenment by God's Spirit.

VII. Prophet and cult in ancient Israel.

A. The view that the prophets were anticultic1. Explication of the view.2. Scripture adduced for support of this view.3. Assessment of the view.

B. The view that the prophets were cultic functionaries.1. Explication of the view.2. Scripture adduced for support of this view.3. Assessment of the view.

C. The view that the prophets were neither anticultic as such, nor culticfunctionaries, but simply the proclaimers of divine revelation.

VIII. The composition of the prophetic books - were the prophets writers?

A. The traditional view.

B. The literary critical school.

1. Isaiah2. Daniel

a. The a priori that predictive prophecy does not happen.b. Alleged historical errors.c. Alleged late linguistic features.d. Conclusion.

C. The history of traditions school.


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1. Nyberg2. Birkeland3. Nielsen

a. Synopsis of his thesisb. Assessment of his thesis.

IX. Some hermeneutical principles for interpretation of the prophetic writings.

A. Some general characteristics of predictive prophecy.1. The purpose of predictive prophecy.2. Predictive prophecy and history writing.3. The progressive character of predictive prophecy.4. Predictive prophecy has its own peculiar time perspective.5. The message of predictive prophecy may be couched in culturally dated

terminology.6. Predictive prophecy may be conditional.7. Kinds of predictive prophecy.

B. Some guidelines for interpretation of prophecy.1. Make a careful grammatical-historical-contextual analysis of the passage.2. State explicitly to whom or to what the passage refers.3. Pay attention to fulfillment citations.4. Avoid the idea of double fulfillment or double sense.5. Interpretative analysis must precede a decision on the exact relationship

between the literal and figurative in any passage (cf. Mickelsen, 299ff.).

X. The apologetic value of biblical prophecy.

A. Does biblical prophecy have apologetic value? - a preliminary consideration.

B. The revelatory claim of the Bible.

C. Prophecy and fulfillment.

D. Conclusion.

SECTION TWO - A SURVEY OF THE PROPHETICAL BOOKS

I. Introductory remarks.

II. Obadiah.


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A. Author and date.

B. Theme of the book.

C. Comments on the content.

III. Joel

A. Author and date.

B. Content of the book.1. The problem of approach to the first two chapters.2. The problem of chronological sequence.3. Outline of the book.4. Some comments on the content.

IV. Jonah.

A. The name and the writer.

B. The nature of the book - historical or non-historical.

C. The content of the book.1. Historical background.2. Purpose of the book.

V. Amos.

A. The author and his background.1. His name.2. His place of residence.3. The place of his prophetic activity.4. The time of his prophetic activity.5. The political and social conditions of his time.

B. The book of Amos and its content.

1. General outline.2. Major theme.3. Comments on content.


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OT 551 FOUNDATIONS IN BIBLICAL PROPHECYBibliography Keyed to Class Lecture OutlineWinter 2007

GENERAL REFERENCE VOLUMES ON THE PROPHETIC BOOKS

Chisholm, Robert B., J r. Handbook on the Prophets. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002

Gordon, Robert P. (Editor). The Place is Too Small For Us. The Israelite Prophets inRecent Scholarship. Sources for Biblical and Theological Study, Vol. 5. WinonaLake: Eisenbrauns, 1995.

McConville, Gordon. The Prophets. Exploring the Old Testament, Vol. 4. DownersGrove: InterVarsity, 2002.

Payne, J. Barton. Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy. The Complet Guide to ScripturalPredictions and Their Fulfillment. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.

Robertson, O. Palmer. The Christ of the Prophets. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian andReformed, 2004.

I. PROPHETISM IN ANCIENT ISRAEL - GENERAL REMARKS.

I.B.2. Harris, R. L. "Chronicles and the Canon in New TestamentTimes," JETS 33/1 (1990) 75-84.

I.C.1. Young, E. J. My Servants the Prophets. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,1952, 171-175.

I.C.3. Schelhaas, J. "II Samuel 7:1-5," in The Law and the Prophets. J.Skilton, Editor. Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed, 1974, 283-297.

I.D. Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets.Chicago: Moody, 1968, 26-35.

I.F. Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets.Chicago: Moody, 1968, 28-34.

Young, E. J. My Servants the Prophets. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952, 83-94.

II. THE PROPHETIC NOMENCLATURE

II.D. Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets.Chicago: Moody, 1968, 37-40.


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FOUNDATIONS IN BIBLICAL PROPHECY BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

Vos, G. Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948 (reset for NinthPrinting, 1975), 191-197.

II.D.1. Albright, W. F. From the Stone Age to Christianity. DoubledayAnchor Books. Garden City: Doubleday & Co. 19572, 303-305.

Meek, T. J . Hebrew Origins. Harper Torchbooks. New York: Harper andBrothers, 1960, 150.

II.E. Haldar, A. Associations of Cult Prophets Among the AncientSemites. Uppsala, 1945, 104,108.

Kuenen, A. The Prophets and Prophecy in Israel. Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1969(original Dutch edition, 1875), 550-559.

Young, E. J. My Servants the Prophets. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952,62,63,105-124.

III. THE ORIGIN OF PROPHETISM IN ISRAEL.

III.A.1. Craghan, J. F. "Mari and Its Prophets: The Contributions of Mari to theUnderstanding of Biblical Prophecy." BTB 5 (1975)32-55.

Hoffner, H. A., Jr. "Ancient Views of Prophecy and Fulfillment: Mesopotamiaand Asia Minor," JETS 30/3 (1987) 257-265.

Huffmon, H. B. "Prophecy in the Mari Letters." BA 31 (1968) 101-124.

, "The Origins of Prophecy." In Magnalia Dei: The Mighty Acts of God.F.M. Cross, W. E. Lemke, P. D. Miller, Editors. Garden City: Doubleday,1976, 171-186.

Malamat, A. "Prophetic Revelations in New Documents from Mari and theBible." SVT 15 (1966) 207-227.

, "A Forerunner of Biblical Prophecy: The Mari Documents." In AncientIsraelite Religion: Essays in Honor of Frank Moore Cross. P. D. Miller,

Jr., P. D. Hanson, S. D. McBride, Editors. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987,33-52.

Moran, W. L. "New Evidence from Mari on the History of Prophecy." Bib 50(1969) 15-56.

, "Akkadian Letters: Divine Revelations." In ANET. J . B. Pritchard, Editor.Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969, 623-625.


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Ridderbos, N. H. Israls Profetie en Profetie Buiten Israel. Exegetica, 2e reeks,

1. Den Haag: Uitgeverij van Keulen, 1955, 54.

Tucker, G. M. "Prophecy and the Prophetic Literature," in The Hebrew Bible andIts Modern Interpreters. D. A. Knight and G. M. Tucker, editors. Chicago:Scholars Press, 1985, 346,347.

Walters, S. D. "Prophecy in Mari and Israel." JBL 89 (1970) 78-81.

Young, E. J. My Servants the Prophets. Appendix: "Extra-Biblical Prophecy inthe Ancient World." Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952, 193-205.

III.A.2. Albright, W. F. From the Stone Age to Christianity. Doubleday Anchor Books.Garden City: Doubleday & Co. 19572, 186.

Ranke, H. Altorientalische Texte und Bilder zum Alten Testament. J. Gressmann,Editor. Berlin and Leipzig, 1926, p 51 ff.

Shupak, N. "The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage: the Admonitions of Ipuwer."In The Context of Scripture. Vol 1. W. W. Hallo, Editor. Leiden: Brill,1997, 83-98.

Smith, G. V. "Prophet; Prophecy." ISBE. Vol. 3. G. W. Bromiley, GeneralEditor. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986, 989.

Wilson, J. A. "Egyptian Oracles and Prophecies." In ANET. J . Pritchard, Editor.Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969,441-449.

III.A.3. Kuenen, A. The Prophets and Prophecy in Israel. Amsterdam,Philo Press, 1969 (original Dutch edition, 1875), 555.

Lichtheim, M. "The Report of Wenamun." In The Context of Scripture. Vol 1.W. W. Hallo, Editor. Leiden: Brill, 1997, 89-93.

von Rad, G. Old Testament Theology. Vol. 2. New York, Harper & Row, 1965,

8.

Wilson, J. A. "Egyptian Myths, Tales, and Mortuary Texts: The Journey of Wen-Amon to Phoenicia." ANET. J. B. Pritchard, Editor. Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1969, 25-29.

III.C. Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets.


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Chicago: Moody, 1968, 26.

Hengstenberg, E. W. Christology of the Old Testament. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids:Kregel Publications, 1956 (reprint of 1872 English edition), 104-115.

Young, E. J. My Servants the Prophets. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952, 20-35.

IV. THE WAYS AND MEANS OF GOD'S REVELATION TO THE PROPHETS

IV.B.2.a. Mowinckel, S. The Spirit and the Word in the Pre-Exilic ReformingProphets." JBL 53 (1934) 199- 227.

IV.B.2.b. Young, E. J . My Servants the Prophets. Chapter 9. "The Prophets asRecipients of Revelation." Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952, 70,71,75, 161-190.

Wood, L. The Holy Spirit in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1976(Chapter 9, "Were the Early Prophets Ecstatics?", pp. 90-100)

IV.C.2. Alden, R. L. "Ecstasy and the Prophets." JETS 9 (1966) 149-156.

Lindblom, J. Prophecy in Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press, 1962,4,5,106. See reference to Lindblom by O. Eissfeldt, "The PropheticLiterature." In The Old Testament and Modern Study. H. H. Rowley,Editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1951, 137.

Parker, S. "Possession Trance and Prophecy in Pre-exilic Israel," VT 28 (1978)271-285.

Wilson, R. "Prophecy and Ecstasy: A Reexamination." JBL 98 (1979) 321-337.

V. THE PREACHING OF THE PROPHETS

V.A.2 Vos, G. "The Idea of Biblical Theology as a Science and as aTheological Discipline." In Redemptive History and BiblicalInterpretation. The Shorter Writings of Geerhardus Vos. R. B. Gaffin, Jr.,Editor. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed, 1980, 14.

V.B.3. Kugel J. L. The Idea of Biblical Poetry: Parallelism and ItsHistory. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.

Ridderbos, N.H., Wolf H.M. "Poetry, Hebrew," ISBE. Vol.3. G. W. Bromiley,Editor. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986, 891-898.


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V.B.4. Parker, M. "Exploring Four Persistent Prophetic Images," BibleReview 6/5 (1990) 38-45.

V.C.2.a.2) Eichrodt, W. Theology of the Old Testament. Vol. 1. Philadelphia:Westminster, 1961, 17, 51ff.

Hillers, D. R. Covenant: The History of a Biblical Idea. Baltimore: The JohnsHopkins Press, 1969, 140ff.

V.C.2.c. Vos, G. Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948 (reset, ninthprinting 1975), 186.

V.C.2.d. Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets. Chicago:Moody Press, 1968, 126-128.

VI. TRUE AND FALSE PROPHETS

VI.B.1. Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets.Chicago: Moody Press, 1968, 104.

VI.B.5. Aalders, G. Ch. De valsche profetie in Isral. AcademischProefschrift. Wageningen, J. Zomer, Drukkerij Vada, 1911, 189.

Bavinck, H. Gereformeerde Dogmatiek. Vol 1. Kampen: Kok, 1918, 403, 512.

Hilber, J . W. Diversity of OT Prophetic Phenomena and NT Prophecy, WTJ 56(1994) 243-258.

Mare, W. H. "Prophet and Teacher in the New Testament Period," BETS 9/3(1966) 139-148.

Vos, G. Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948 (reset, ninth printing1975), 5,6.

VII. PROPHET AND CULT IN ANCIENT ISRAEL

VII. Mowinckel, S. The Psalms in Israel's Worship, Vol. 1. Nashville,Abingdon, 1962.

VII.A.1. Khler, L. Old Testament Theology. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1957(translated from third revised German edition, 1953), 72, 181, 182.


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Volz, P. Mose und sein Werk. Tbingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1932.

VII.A.3. Allis, O. T. The Five Books of Moses. Philadelphia: Presbyterian and ReformedPublishing Company, 1949, 170-173.

McComisky, T. "Amos," The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Vol. 7. F. E.Gaebelein, Editor. Grand Rapids; Zondervan, 1985, 316.

Ridderbos, J. De Kleine Profeten. Vol. 1. Korte Verklaring Der Heilige Schrift.Kampen: Kok, 1952, 223-226.

Vos, G. Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948 (reset, ninth printing1975), 272,273.

VII.B.1. Haldar, A. Associations of Cultprophets Among the Ancient Semites. Uppsala:Almqvist & Wiksells, 1945.

Johnson, A. R. The Cultic Prophet in Ancient Israel. Cardiff: University ofWales Press, 1962.

Motyer, J . A. "Prophecy, Prophets." New Bible Dictionary. J. D. Douglas,Editor. London: Inter-Varsity Fellowship, 1962, 1036-1046.

Payne, J. B. "Prophecy, Prophets." New Bible Dictionary. Second Edition. J. D.Douglas, Editor. Wheaton: Tyndale, 1982, 975-986.

Mowinckel, S. Psalmenstudien, I-VI. 3rd Study. Kult prophetie undprophetische Psalmen. 1923.

VII.B.2. Young, E. J. My Servants the Prophets. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952, 95-124.

VII.B.3. Rowley, H. H. The Changing Pattern of Old Testament Studies. London: TheEpworth Press, 1959, 23.

Young, E. J. My Servants the Prophets. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952, 103.

VIII. THE COMPOSITION OF THE PROPHETIC BOOKS - WERE THE PROPHETS

WRITERS?

VIII.B.1 Aalders, G. Ch. Oud-Testamentische Kanoniek.Kampen: Kok, 1952,214-221.

Allis, O. T. The Unity of Isaiah. Philadelphia: The Presbyterian and Reformed


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Publishing House, 1950.

Driver, S. R. An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament. New York:Meridian Books, 1957 (reprint, originally published 1897), 238,239,242,243.

Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets. Chicago: MoodyPress, 1969, 196-203.

Kaminka, A. "Le developpement des idees du prophete Isaie et l'unite de sonlivre," Revue des Etudes Juives (Paris) 80 (1924) 42-59, 130-169; 81(1925) 27-47.

LaSor, W. S., Hubbard, D. A., Bush, F. W. Old Testament Survey. GrandRapids: Eerdmans, 1982, 372-378.

Margalioth, R. The Indivisible Isaiah. Evidence for the Single Authorship of theProphetic Book. New York: Yeshiva University, 1964, 1, 5, 6, 42.

Oswalt, J . N. The Book of Isaiah. Chapters 1-39. NICOT. Grand Rapids:Eerdmans, 1986, 18, 19.

Schultz, Richard L. "How Many Isaiah's Were There and What Does it Matter?"Pp. 150-172 in Evangelicals and Scripture. V. Bacote, L. D. Miguelez andD. L. Okholm, Editors. Downers Grove: InterVarsity 2004.

Whybray, R. N. The Second Isaiah. Old Testament Guides. Sheffield: JSOTPress, 1983.

Young, E. J . Who Wrote Isaiah? Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1958.

. The Book of Isaiah. Vol. III. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1972, 538-549(Appendix I, "The Authorship of Isaiah").

VIII.B.2. Archer, G. L., Jr. "Modern Rationalism and the Book of Daniel," BibSac 136(1979) 129-147.

. The Aramaic of the Genesis Apocryphon Compared with the Aramaic ofDaniel." In New Perspectives on the Old Testament. J . B. Payne, Editor.Waco: Word, 1970, 160-169.

Baldwin, J. G. "Some Literary Affinities of the Book of Daniel," TynBul 30(1979) 77-94.


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Bullock , C. H. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books. Chicago:

Moody, 1986, 281-292.

Davies, P. R. Daniel. Old Testament Guides. Sheffield, JSOT Press, 1985, 31.

Fox, D. E. "Ben Sira on OT Canon Again: The Date of Daniel," WTJ 49 (1987)335-350.


Harrison, R. K. "Daniel, Book of," ISBE. Vol. 1. G. W. Bromiley, Editor.Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979, (Fully revised), 959-866.

Kitchen, K. A. "The Aramaic of Daniel." In Notes on Some Problems in theBook of Daniel. D. J . Wiseman, et.al. London: Tyndale Press, 1965, 31-79.

Waltke, B. "The Date of the Book of Daniel," BibSac 133 (1976) 319-329.

Wiseman, D. J . " Some Historical Problems in the Book of Daniel." In Notes onSome Problems in the Book of Daniel. D. J . Wiseman, et. al. London:Tyndale Press, 1965, 9-18.

Yamauchi, E. M. "The Archaeological Background of Daniel," BibSac 137(1980) 3-16.

. "Daniel and Contacts Between the Aegean and the Near East BeforeAlexander," EvQ 53 (1981) 37-47.

. "The Greek Words in Daniel in the Light of Greek Influence in the NearEast." In New Perspectives on the Old Testament. J . B. Payne, Editor.Waco: Word, 1970, 170-200.

VIII.C.1. Nyberg, H. S. Studien zum Hoseabuch. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksells,1935. See citation in O. Eissfeldt, "The Prophetic Literature," The OldTestament in Modern Study. H. H. Rowley, Editor. Oxford: TheClarendon Press, 1952, 128.

VIII.C.2. Birkeland, H.J . Zum hebrischen traditionswesen: die komposition derprophetischen bcher des Alten Testaments. Oslo: I kommisjon hos J.Dybwad, 1938. See citation in O. Eissfeldt, "The Prophetic Literature,"


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The Old Testament in Modern Study. H. H. Rowley, Editor. Oxford: TheClarendon Press, 1952, 129.

VIII.C.3. Nielsen E. Oral Tradition. SBT 11. London: SCM Press, 1954.

VIII.C.3.b. Gispen, W. H. Mondelinge Overlevering in het Oude Testament. Meppel: 1932.

IX. SOME HERMENEUTICAL PRINCIPLES FOR INTERPRETATION OF THEPROPHETIC WRITINGS

Berkhof, L. Principles of Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1958("The Interpretation of Prophecy," pp. 148-153).

Kaiser, W. C. J r. Back Toward the Future. Hints for Interpreting BiblicalProphecy. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1989.

Mickelsen, A. B. Interpreting the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1963 (Chapter13, "Prophecy," pp. 280-305).

Payne, J. B. Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy. New York: Harper & Row,1973 ("Introduction: The Interpretation of Biblical Prediction," pp. 1-144;see especially, "A Summary of Basic Principles for the Interpretation ofProphecy," pp. 143-144).

Pentecost, J. D. Things to Come. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1964 (Chapter 4,"The Interpretation of Prophecy," pp. 59-64).

Ramm, B. Protestant Biblical Interpretation. Boston: W. A. Wilde Company,1956 ("The Interpretation of Prophecy," 220-253).

Terry, M. S. Biblical Hermeneutics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, n.d. (Chapter 21,"Prophecy and Its Interpretation," 405-418).

IX.A.1. Clouse, R. G. "The Danger of Mistaken Hopes." In Dreams, Visions andOracles. C. E. Armerding and W. W. Gasque, editors. Grand Rapids:

Baker Book House, 1977, 27-39.

Dyrness, W. "The Age of Aquarius." In Dreams, Visions and Oracles. C. E.Armerding and W. W. Gasque, editors. Grand Rapids: Baker BookHouse, 1977, pp. 15-26.

Nichols, Stephen J. "Prophecy Makes Strange Bedfellows: On the History ofIdentifying the Antichrist," JETS 44/1 (2001) 75-85.


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Ross, J. R. "Living Between Two Ages." In Dreams, Visions and Oracles. C. E.

Armerding and W. W. Gasque, editors. Grand Rapids: Baker BookHouse, 1977, 231-242.

Wilson, D. Armageddon Now. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1977, 216.

IX.A.2. Mickelsen, A. B. Interpreting the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1963,289-292.

IX.A.3. Mickelsen, A. B. Interpreting the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1963,292-294.

IX.A.4 Berkhof, L. Principles of Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids:Baker, 1958, 150.

Keil, C. F. Manual of Historico-Critical Introduction to the Canonical Scripturesof the Old Testament. Vol. 1, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952 (reprint),275.

IX.A.5. Davidson, A. B. Old Testament Prophecy. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark,1904, 167-169.

Mickelsen, A. B. Interpreting the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1963, 295-299.

Young, E. J. The Book of Isaiah. Vol 1. NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,19722, 396-400.

IX.A.6. Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets. Chicago:Moody Press, 1968, 116,117.

Grounds, V. "Premillennialism and Social Pessimism," Christian Heritage(October, 1974) 22-29.

Payne, J. B. Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy. New York: Harper & Row,

1973, 62-71.

IX.A.7. Grogan, G. "The Relationship Between Prophecy and Typology," TheScottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology 4/1 (1986) 5-16.

Mickelsen, A. B. Interpreting the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1963, 263.

Stek, J. "Biblical Typology Yesterday and Today," CTJ 5/2 (1970) 133-162.


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Vos, G. Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975 (reset for 9th

printing), 144-147.

IX.B.1. Mickelsen, A. B. Interpreting the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,1963, 299-300.

IX.B.3. Harris, R. L. "Prophecy, Illustration and Typology." InInterpretation and History. R. L. Harris, Swee-Hwa Quek, J . R. Vannoy,Editors. Singapore: Christian Life Publishers, 1986, 57-66.

IX.B.4. Alford, H. The Greek New Testament. Vol. 1. Chicago: MoodyPress 1958 (reprint; original, 1854-1860), 118.

Blomberg, C. L. "Interpreting Old Testament Prophetic Literature in Matthew:Double Fulfillment," TRINJ 23NS (2002) 17-33.

Berkhof, L. Principles of Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1958,58.

Bright, J. The Authority of the Old Testament. Nashville: Abingdon, 1967, 80-95.

Jeremiah, David. "The Principle of Double Fulfillment in Interpreting Prophecy,"GTJ 13/2 (1972) 13-29.

Kaiser, W. C., Jr. Malachi. God's Unchanging Love. Grand Rapids: Baker BookHouse, 1984, 34, 104, 107.

. The Uses of the Old Testament in the New. Chicago: Moody Press, 1985,61-76, 77-88.

Payne, J. B. Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy. New York: Harper & Row,1973, 121-129.

Pentecost, J. D. Things To Come. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1971, 46.

Ramm, B. Protestant Biblical Interpretation. Boston: W. A. Wilde Company,1956, 88.

Scofield, C. I. "Notes on Daniel." The Scofield Reference Bible. New York:Oxford University Press, 1937, 912,913.

Sauer, E. The Dawn of World Redemption. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1951, 145.


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Terry, M. S. Biblical Hermeneutics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, n.d., (Chapter27, "No Double Sense in Prophecy") 493-499.

IX.B.5. Boettner, L. "Postmillennialism." In The Meaning of theMillennium: Four Views. R. G. Clouse, Editor. Downers, Grove:InterVarsity Press, 1977, 134,137.

Mickelsen, A. B. Interpreting the Bible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1963, 303-305.

Turner, D. L. "The Continuity of Scripture and Eschatology: Key HermeneuticalIssues," GTJ 6/2 (1985) 275-287.

X. THE APOLOGETIC VALUE OF BIBLICAL PROPHECY

X.A. Aalders, G. Ch. De valsche profetie in Isral. AcademischProefschrift. Wageningen, J. Zomer, Drukkerij Vada, 1911, 190-195.

Calvin, J. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,1957, 78,79.

Fuller, D. And Gardiner, R., Reformed Theology at Princeton and Amsterdamin the Late Nineteenth Century: A Reappraisal, Presbyterion 21(1995)89-117.

Heslam, Peter S. "Architects of Evangelical Intellectural Thought: AbrahamKuyper and Benjamin Warfield," Themelios 24/2 (1999) 3-20.

Keith, A. Evidence of the Truth of the Christian Religion Derived from theLiteral Fulfillment of Prophecy. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1839.

Kuenen, A. The Prophets and Prophecy in Israel. Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1969(original Dutch edition, 1875).

Machen, J. G. The Christian Faith in the Modern World. Grand Rapids:Eerdmans, 1947, 61-63.

, "Christianity and Culture," The Banner of Truth 69 (1969) 15-24.

Neuhaus, Why We Can Get Along, First Things 60 (1996) 27-34.

Newton, Isaac. Isaaci Newtoni opera quae exstant omnia. Vol 5, Section III."Observations upon the prophecies of Holy Writ, particularly theprophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John." London: J. Nichols1785.


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Urquhart, J. The Wonders of Prophecy. Harrisburg: The Christian Alliance

Publishing Company, n.d.

X.C. Ramm, B. Protestant Christian Evidences. Chicago: MoodyPress, 1953, 81-124 (Chapter 3, "Supernatural Verification throughfulfilled Prophecy").

X.D. Fairbairn, P. Prophecy Viewed in Respect to Its DistinctiveNature, Its Special Function, and Proper Interpretation. Grand Rapids:Baker, (reprint of 1865 edition) 1976, 198-202.

McDowell, J . Evidence that Demands a Verdict. Historical Evidences for theChristian Faith. Campus Crusade for Christ, 1972, (Chapter 11,"Prophecy Fulfilled in History") 277-332.

SECTION TWO - A SURVEY OF THE PROPHETICAL BOOKS

I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS


Motyer, J. A. "Prophecy, Prophets," New Bible Dictionary. Second Edition.Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, 1982, 975-983.

II. OBADIAH

II.A. Armerding, C. E. "Obadiah." In The Expositor's BibleCommentary. Vol. 7. F. Gaebelein, General Editor. Grand Rapids:Zondervan, 1985, 335-339.

Archer, G. L. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. Chicago: Moody Press,1964, 287-291.

Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets. Chicago: MoodyPress, 1968, 140,141.

Harrison, R. K. Introduction to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,1969, 898-903.

Keil, D. F. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. The Twelve Minor


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Prophets. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1954 (reprint), 337-349.

Laetsch, T. Bible Commentary. The Minor Prophets. Saint Louis: ConcordiaPublishing House, 1956.

Thompson, J. A. "Obadiah" New Bible Dictionary. Second Edition. Wheaton:Tyndale House Publishers, 1982, 851-852.

II.C. Aalders, G.Ch. Obadja en Jona.COT. Kampen: Kok,1958, 15, 35, 47-58.

Allen, L. C. The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah and Micah. NICOT. GrandRapids: Eerdmans, 1976, 156.

Gabelein, F. E. Four Minor Prophets. Chicago: Moody Press, 1970.

Keil, D. F. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. The Twelve MinorProphets. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1954 (reprint), 363, 367.

Laetsch, T. Bible Commentary. The Minor Prophets. Saint Louis: ConcordiaPublishing House, 1956, 201, 202, 207.

Payne, J. B. Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy. New York: Harper & Row,1973, 131,132, 418-421.

, The Theology of the Older Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1962,465.

Hengstenberg, E. W. Christology of the Old Testament. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids:Kregel Publications, 1956 (reprint of 1872 English edition), 400.

III. JOEL.

III.A.1.c. Gasque, W. W. "Apocalyptic Literature," ZPEB. Vol. I. M.

Tenney, Editor.Grand Rapids, Zondervan, 200-204.

Harrison, R. K. Introduction to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,1969, 1132.

Ladd, G. E. "Why Not Prophetic-Apocalyptic?" JBL 76 (1957) 192-200.


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, "Apocalyptic Literature," ISBE. Vol. 1. G. W. Bromiley, General Editor.Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979, 151-161.

Morris, L. Apocalyptic. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1972.

III.B.1. Bullock, C. H. An Introduction to the Old Testament PropheticBooks. Chicago: Moody, 1986, 330-331.


Pusey, E. B. The Minor Prophets. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1885,159-221.

Ridderbos, J. De Kleine Profeten. Vol. 1. Kampen: Kok, 1952, 126-130.

III.B.4. Allen, L. C. The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah and Micah.NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1976, 86, 88, 89, 92, 115, 118.

Buswell, J. O. Jr. A Systematic Theology of the Christian Religion. Vol. 2.Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1963, 208-210, 417, 418.

Calvin, J. Commentaries on the Twelve Minor Prophets. Vol. 2. Grand Rapids:Baker Book House, 1979 (reprint), 94,95.

Fredricks, G. "Rethinking the Role of the Holy Spirit in the Lives of OldTestament Believers," TrinJ 9NS (1988) 81-104.

Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets. Chicago:Moody Press, 1968, 153, 155, 156.

Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar. E. Kautzsch, Editor. A.E.Cowley, Translator.Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910, 111w, 109h.

Goldingay, J. Was the Holy Spirit Active in Old Testament Times? What wasNew About the Christian Experience of God? Ex Auditu 12 (1996) 14-28.

Grogan, G. W. "The Experience of Salvation in the Old and New Testaments,"Vox Evangelica 6 (1967) 4-26.

. "The Significance of Pentecost in the History of Salvation," SBET 4/2(1986) 97-107.

Keil, D. F. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. The Twelve Minor


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Prophets. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1954 (reprint), 211,212.

Payne, J. B. Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy. New York: Harper & Row,1973, 407,408.

Ridderbos, J. De Kleine Profeten. Vol. 1. KV. Kampen: Kok, 1952, 146.

de Waard, J. "4QFlorilegium." Pp. 24-27 in A Comparative Study of the OldTestament Text in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the New Testament. STDJ,Vol. 4. Leiden, Brill, 1965.

Wacholder, Ben Zion. "Who Is the Teacher of Righteousness?" BR 15/2 (1999)26-29.

Whiting, J . D. "Jerusalem's Locust Plague," National Geographic Magazine 28/6(1915) 511-551.

Wood, L. The Holy Spirit in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan,1976, 64-77.

VI. JONAH

IV.B. Aalders, G. Ch. The Problem of the Book of Jonah. London:Tyndale Press, 1948.

Alexander, T. D. "Jonah and Genre," TynBul 36 (1985) 35-60.

Allen, L. C. The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah and Micah. NICOT. GrandRapids: Eerdmans, 1976, 176, 178, 179.

Ellison, H. L. The Prophets of Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969, 55,56.

Harris, C. "The Sign of Jonah," ExpTim 7 (1896) 71-72.

Gabelein, F. E. Four Minor Prophets. Chicago: Moody Press, 1970, 134.

Lewis, C. S. Miracles. London: Fontana, 1947, 121-124.

Stek, J . H. "The Message of the Book of J onah," CTJ 4 (1969) 23-50.

Weiser, A. The Old Testament: Its Formation and Development. New York:Association Press, 1961, 251.

Wiseman, D. J. "Jonah's Nineveh," TynBul 30 (1979) 29-51.


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IV.C.1. Bright, J. A History of Israel. Third Edition. Philadelphia:

Westminster, 1981, 255,256.

Ellison, H. L. The Prophets of Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969, 58-60.

Finegan, J. Light From the Ancient Past. Princeton: Princeton University Press,1959, 202.

Stek, J . H. "The Message of the Book of J onah," CTJ 4 (1969) 23-50.

Wiseman, D. J. "Jonah's Nineveh," TynBul 30 (1979) 29-51.

IV.C.2. Laetsch, T. Bible Commentary. The Minor Prophets. SaintLouis: Concordia Publishing House, 1956, 243.

Payne, J. B. Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy. New York: Harper & Row,1973, 423.

Stek, J . H. "The Message of the Book of J onah," CTJ 4 (1969) 36,37,41,42.

Young, E. J. An Introduction to the Old Testament. Revised Edition. GrandRapids: Eerdmans, 1964, 263.

V. AMOS

V.A.4. Freeman, H. E. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets.Chicago: Moody Press, 1968, 187.

V.A.5. Ellison, H. L. The Prophets of Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969, 64.

V.B.3. Aalders, G. Ch. Het Herstel van Isral Volgens het OudeTestament. Kampen: Kok, n.d., 33.

Allis, O.T. Prophecy and the Church. Presbyterian and Reformed: Philadelphia,

1945, 146, 148, 149.

Braun, M. A. "James Use of Amos at the Jerusalem Council: Steps Toward aPossible Solution of the Textual and Theological Problems," JETS 20/2(1977) 113-122.

Cripps, R. S. A Critical & Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Amos.London: S.P.C.K., 1969, 67-77.


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Tyndale Press, 1964, 30, 35-37.

RECOMMENDED COMMENTARIES ON THE PROPHETIC BOOKS

ISAIAHGrogan, G. W. Isaiah. EBC Vol 6. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986.

Motyer, J. Alec. The Prophecy of Isaiah: An Introduction and Commentary. DownersGrove: InterVarsity, 1994.

. Isaiah. TOTC. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1999.

Oswalt, J. Isaiah 1-39. NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.

. Isaiah 40-66. NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Webb, Barry G. The Message of Isaiah. The Bible Speaks Today. Downers Grove:InterVarsity, 1996.

JEREMIAHThompson, J. A. The Book of Jeremiah. NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.

McConville, J. G. Judgment and Promise. An Interpretation of the Book ofJeremiah. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1993.

EZEKIELBlock, D. I. The Book of Ezekiel 1-24. NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.

. The Book of Ezekiel 25-48. NICOT Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Duguid, I. Ezekiel. NIVAC. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1999.

DANIELLongman, Tremper, III. Daniel. NIVAC. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1999.

Miller, S. M. Daniel. NAC. Nashville: Broadman, 1994.

HOSEAGarrett, D. A. Hosea, Joel. NAC. Nashville, Broadman, 1997.

Hubbard, D. A. Hosea. TOTC. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1989.


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Kidner, D. The Message of Hosea: Love to the Loveless. BST. Downers Grove:InterVarsity, 1981.

McComiskey, T. "Hosea." In The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical andExpositiory Commentary. T. McComiskey, Editor. Vol 1. Grand Rapids:Baker, 1992.

Stuart, D. Hosea-Jonah. WBC. Nashville: Nelson, 1987.

JOELAllen, L. C. Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah. NICOT. Grand Rapids:Eerdmans, 1976.

Dillard, R. B. "Joel." In The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and ExpositioryCommentary. T. McComiskey, Editor. Vol 1. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.

Garrett, D. A. Hosea, Joel. NAC. Nashville, Broadman, 1997.

Hubbard, D. A. Joel and Amos. TOTC. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1989.


AMOSAndersen, F. I., and Freedman, D. N. Amos. AB. New York: Doubleday, 1989.

Hubbard, D. A. Joel and Amos. TOTC. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1989.

Motyer, J. A. Amos: The Day of the Lion. BST. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1974.

Niehaus, J . "Amos." In The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and ExpositioryCommentary. T. McComiskey, Editor. Vol 1. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.

Smith, G. V. Amos: A Commentary. 2nd Ed. Mentor Commentaries. Fearn, Ross-shire: Christian Focus, 1998.


OBADIAHAllen, L. C. Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah. NICOT. Grand Rapids:Eerdmans, 1976.

Baker, D. W., Alexander, T. D. Waltke, B.G.K. Obadiah, Jonah, Micah. TOTC.Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1988.

Niehaus, J . "Obadiah." In The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and Expositiory


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Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.

Smith, R. L. Micah-Malachi WBC. Nashville: Nelson, 1984.

HABBAKUKAchtemeier, E. Nahum-Malachi. Interp. Atlanta: John Knox, 1986.

Bailey, W. "Habbakuk." In Micah / Nahum / Habbakuk / Zephaniah. NAC. Nashville:Holman, 1999.

Baker, D. W. Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah. TOTC. Downers Grove: InterVarsity,1988.

Patterson, R. "Habbakuk." In Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah. WEC. Chicago: Moody,1991.

Robertson, O. P. The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah. NICOT. GrandRapids: Eerdmans, 1990.


ZEPHANIAHAchtemeier, E. Nahum-Malachi. Interp. Atlanta: John Knox, 1986

Bailey, W. "Zephaniah." In Micah / Nahum / Habbakuk / Zephaniah. NAC. Nashville:Holman, 1999.

Baker, D. W. Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah. TOTC. Downers Grove: InterVarsity,1988.

Motyer, J . A. "Zephaniah." In The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and ExpositioryCommentary. T. McComiskey, Editor. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.

Patterson, R. "Zehapniah." In Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah. WEC. Chicago: Moody,1991.

Robertson, O. P. The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah. NICOT. GrandRapids: Eerdmans, 1990.


HAGGAIAchtemeier, E. Nahum-Malachi. Interp. Atlanta: John Knox, 1986.


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Baldwin, J. G. Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi. TOTC. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1972.

Motyer, J. A. "Haggai." In The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and ExpositioryCommentary. T. McComiskey, Editor. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.


Verhoef, P. A. The Books of Haggai and Malachi. NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,1987.

ZECHARIAHAchtemeier, E. Nahum-Malachi. Interp. Atlanta: John Knox, 1986.


McComiskey, T. "Zechariah." In The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and ExpositioryCommentary. T. McComiskey, Editor. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.


MALACHIAchtemeier, E. Nahum-Malachi. Interp. Atlanta: John Knox, 1986.


Hill, A. E. Malachi. AB. New York: Doubleday, 1998.

Kaiser, W. C. Malachi: God's Unchanging Love. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984.


Stuart, D. "Malachi." In The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and ExpositioryCommentary. T. McComiskey, Editor. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.

Verhoef, P. A. The Books of Haggai and Malachi. NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,1987.


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