vardhaman college of engineering · 2018. 12. 10. · unit – iv 7. a) define and explain state...

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A1524

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VII Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, November - 2015

(Regulations: VCE-R11)

SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)

Date: 16 November, 2015 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75

Answer ONE question from each Unit All Questions Carry Equal Marks

UNIT – I

1. a) What is the cost distribution in development of conventional project? Explain. 7M b) List and Explain the parameters considered for software cost modeling.

8M

2. a) Describe staffing principles of a software project. 9M b) What are top five principles of modern process? Explain.

6M

UNIT – II

3. a) What is elaboration phase? List the primary objectives and essential activities carried out in this phase.

9M

b) Describe the process of internal testing release.

6M

4. a) Identify any five reasons for close relationship between software architecture and the modern software development process.

10M

b) How are requirement artifacts evaluated, assessed and measured?

5M

UNIT – III

5. a) Describe the significance of minor milestones in life cycle of iteration. 9M b) Bring out the significance of periodic status assessments.

6M

6. Describe the two perspectives that need to be considered while deriving the project plan.

15M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Which are the core metrics considered in managing modern process? Explain. 9M b) What is process maturity? Explain.

6M

8. a) Explain process management framework for a modern library management application.

10M

b) Why project schedule should synchronize with project development framework? Explain.

5M

UNIT – V

9. a) Discuss any five best practices of software management. 10M b) Write a brief note Next-Generation Cost Models.

5M

10. a) What is CMM? Explain the levels in CMM with neat diagram. 9M b) Briefly describe project organization. 6M





SOFTWARE TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE




UNIT – I

1. a) Contrast Testing and Debugging. 8M b) Explain Unit Testing, Component Testing.

7M

2. a) Explain the elements of control flow graph with neat diagrams. 12M b) Mention any three differences between Control graphs and Flowcharts. 3M

UNIT – II

3. a) Explain data flow testing with an example. Explain its generalizations and limitations. 8M b) Compare data flow and path flow testing strategies.

7M

4. a) List the limitations of the one dimensional domain testing. Explain with examples how Two-Dimensional domain testing done.

10M

b) What are data - flow anomalies? 5M

UNIT – III

5. a) Write the steps involved in Node Reduction Procedure. Illustrate all the steps with the help of neat labeled diagrams.

10M

b) Explain distributive laws and absorption rule.

5M

6. a) Describe Path Sums and Path Product. 8M b) Describe in brief applications of paths. 7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Define and Explain state and state tables with an example. 12M b) Explain about equivalent states.

3M

8. a) Define a graph matrix with an example. 7M b) How can a relation matrix be represented and what are the properties of relations? 8M

UNIT – V

9. Write in detail about QTP tools for functional testing.

15M

10. a) Write about data driven testing. 7M b) How do you test a web application? 8M





WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMPUTING

(Computer Science and Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Discuss different types of Satellite Orbits. Mention advantages and disadvantages of each type.

7M

b) Explain protocol architecture of IEEE 802.11.

8M

2. a) Differentiate between FHSS and DSS. 7M b) Explain routing and localization in satellite networks. 8M

UNIT – II

3. a) Discuss mobile terminating call in GSM using flow graph. 8M b) Explain the concept of hidden and exposed terminal problem in MAC protocol.

7M

4. a) Compare SDMA, TDMA and CDMA mechanism. 7M b) What is MACA? How MACA resolves the hidden terminal problem? Explain.

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain the various types of encapsulations used in mobile IP. 9M b) Describe the working of DHCP.

6M

6. a) What are the security issues in MANET? 6M b) Explain the snooping TCP along with its advantages and disadvantages.

9M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain Query-processing architecture for processing a query. 7M b) Describe context aware computing. What are different context-types used in context

aware computing.

8M

8. a) Describe hoarding techniques. 8M b) What is the various quality issues related to mobile database computing.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Discuss various components and interfaces of WAP architecture. 8M b) Explain wireless datagram protocol.

7M

10. a) Explain the Bluetooth protocol stack. 8M b) What are requirements that must be satisfied while designing the wireless Applications

protocol in WAP forum? 7M





DATA MINING AND DATA WAREHOUSING




UNIT – I

1. a) Describe the steps involved in data mining when viewed as a process of knowledge discovery.

7M

b) In real-world data, tuples with missing values for some attributes are a common occurrence. Describe various methods for handling this problem.

8M

2. a) Discuss the issues to be considered during data integration. 6M b) Suppose that the data for analysis includes the attribute age. The age values for the

data tuples are(in increasing order) 13, 15, 16, 16, 19, 20, 20, 21, 22, 22, 25, 25, 25, 25, 30, 33, 33, 35, 35, 35, 35, 36,40, 45, 46, 52, 70. i. Find the mean and median ii. What is the mode of the data? Comment on the data’s modality (i.e., bimodal,

trimodal, etc.) iii. What is the midrange of the data? iv. Can you find (roughly) the first quartile (Q1) and the third quartile (Q3) of the

data v. Give the five-number summary of the data

9M

UNIT – II

3. What are the differences between the three main types of data warehouse usage: information processing, analytical processing, and data mining? Discuss the motivation behind OLAP mining (OLAM).

15M

4. a) Discuss the data warehouse usage. 6M b) Briefly compare the concepts:

i. Data cleaning, data transformation, refresh ii. Discovery-driven cube, multi-feature cube, virtual warehouse

9M

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain how frequent itemset mining leads to discovery of associations and correlations in market basket analysis.

8M

b) Explain in detail the various techniques to improve the Apriori Algorithm efficiency.

7M

6. a) Write FP-growth algorithm for finding frequent itemset. 8M b) Explain with an example the following correlation measures to determine interesting

association rules: i. Lift ii. χ2(chi square)

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – IV

7. a) Describe the major steps of decision tree classification. 10M b) Why naïve Bayesian classification is called “naïve”? Briefly discuss the major ideas of

naïve Bayesian classification.

5M

8. a) Why is tree pruning useful in decision tree induction? Explain. 4M b) Explain the various measures for assessing, how accurate a classifiers is, in predicting

the class lables of tuples.

11M

UNIT – V

9. a) Use an example to show why the k-means algorithm may not find the global optimum, that is, optimizing the within-cluster variation.

6M

b) Briefly describe and give examples of each of the following approaches to clustering: i. Partitioning methods ii. Hierarchical methods

9M

10. a) Adapt a simple semi-supervised method for outlier detection. Discuss the scenario where you have: i. Only some labeled examples of “normal objects” ii. Only some labeled examples of outliers

6M

b) Explain K-means clustering method with example. Comments on K-means method. 9M





IMAGE PROCESSING

(Computer Science and Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Enumerate different steps used while processing digital images in detail. 7M b) Consider the following 8-bit image and apply the given transformation to this image.

Let s=cr0.5 assume C=1. Vary the exponent to 2 and interpret the image.

16 16 64 644 16 16 44 16 16 4

100 225 225 100

8M

2. a) Discuss in detail all the properties of DFT. 8M b) Illustrate the need and process of sampling and quantization with neat figures. Explain

with an example. And consider the image segment below and determine the shortest 4, 8 and m-path between p and q. Consider V = 0, 1.

3 1 2 12 2 0 21 2 1 1

1 0 1 2

q

p

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Mention the features of homomorphic filtering. Derive the transformation of the same. 8M b) What is local histogram processing? Show its significance with an example. Also show

steps used in local histogram processing.

7M

4. a) Explain in detail a technique to enhance a blurred image in frequency domain. 6M b) For a simple image with gray levels in the interval 0 to 7 shown below, draw the

histogram curve and perform histogram equalization.

2 3 3 24 2 4 33 2 3 52 4 2 4

9M

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain in detail lossless predictive coding approach for image compression. 5M b) Discuss the use of motion in spatial and frequency segmentation.

10M

6. a) Discuss any two techniques of compressing binary images. 6M b) Explain the following terms as applied to image compression:

i. Coding redundancy ii. Inter pixel redundancy iii. Psycho visual redundancy

9M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain the basic concepts of thresholding. 5M b) List and explain the techniques for detecting gray level discontinuities in a digital

image.

10M

8. a) Write short notes on region based segmentation. 5M b) Discuss in detail how line detection and point detection algorithm works with respect

to image segmentation.

10M

UNIT – V

9. a) Differentiate the different color models and give the conversions from one model to another.

9M

b) Discuss the pruning problem in image processing and develop a morphological solution.

6M

10. a) Discuss hit-or-miss transformation for shape detection. 6M b) Explain the following terms:

i. Boundary extraction ii. Region filling iii. Thinning

9M





OPERATIONS RESEARCH

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology & Mechanical Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) List and Explain the phases of Operations Research. 6M b) A company manufactures two types of leather belts say types A and B. Belt A is of a

superior and belt B is of a lower quality. Profits on the two types of belts are 40 and 30 paise per belt respectively. Each belt of type ‘A’ requires twice as much time as required by a belt of type ‘B’. If all belts were of type B, the company could produce 1000 belts per day. The supply of leather however is sufficient only for 800 belts per day. Belt A requires a fancy buckle and only 400 fancy buckles are available for this per day. For belt of type B, only 700 buckles are available per day. How should the company manufacture the two types of belts in order to have a maximum overall profit? Formulate and solve the problem graphically.

9M

2. Use the Two phase simplex method to solve the following problem. Maximize 1 2 35 4 3Z x x x

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

subject to 2 6 206 5 10 768 3 6 50

, , 0

x x xx x xx x x

x x x

15M

UNIT – II

3. Larsen and Toubro construction company needs 3, 3, 4 and 5 million cubic feet of fill at four earthen dam sires I, II, II and IV in Karnataka. It can transfer the fill from three mounds A, B and C where 2, 6 and 7 million cubic feet of fill is available respectively. Cost of transporting one million cubic feet of fill from mounds to the four sides in lakhs are given in the following table:

To

From

I II III IV A 15 10 17 18 B 16 13 12 13 C 12 17 20 11

Determine the optimum transportation plan, which minimizes the total transportation cost to the company.

15M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

4. a) Marketing manager has five salesmen and five districts. Considering the capabilities of the salesmen and nature of districts, the marketing manager estimates sales per month (in hundreds of rupees) for each salesmen in each district would be as follows:

Sales districts

Salesmen

A B C D E

1 32 38 40 28 40 2 40 24 28 21 36 3 41 27 33 30 37 4 22 38 41 36 36 5 29 33 40 35 39

Find the assignment of salesmen to districts that will result in maximum sales.

8M

b) Give the following matrix of setup cost, show how to sequence production so as to minimize setup cost per cycle.

To

From

A B C D E

A ∞ 2 5 7 1 B 6 ∞ 3 8 2 C 8 7 ∞ 4 7 D 12 4 6 ∞ 5 E 1 3 2 8 ∞

7M

UNIT – III

5. There are 5 jobs, each of which is to be processed through 3 machines A, B and C in the order ABC. Processing times in hours are:

Jobs: 1 2 3 4 5

Machine A: 3 8 7 5 4

Machine B: 4 5 1 2 3

Machine C: 7 9 5 6 10 Determine the optimum sequence for the 5 jobs and the minimum elapsed time.

15M

6. Customers arrive at a one-window drive in bank according to a Poisson distribution with mean 10 per hour. Service time per customer is exponential with mean 5 minutes. The space in front of the window, including that for the served car can accommodate a maximum of 3 cars. Other cars can wait outside the space. i. What is the probability that an arriving customer can drive directly to space in front of

the window? ii. What is the probability that an arriving customer will have to wait outside the

indicated space? iii. How long is an arriving customer expected to wait before starting service?

15M

Cont…3

:: 3 ::

UNIT – IV

7. a) A taxi owner estimates from his past records that the cost per year for operating a taxi whose purchase price when new is Rs.60,000. These are given below:

Age in years 1 2 3 4 5 Operating cost (Rs.) 10,000 12,000 15,000 18,000 20,000

After 5 years, the operating cost is Rs.6,000K where K=6, 7, 8, 9, 10 age in years. If the resale value decreases by 10% of purchase price each year, what is the optimum replacement policy? Cost of the money is zero.

7M

b) Let the value of money be assumed to be 10 percent per year and suppose that machine A is replaced after every 3 years whereas machine B is replaced after every six years. The yearly costs of both the machines are given below:

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Machine A 1,000 200 400 1,000 200 400 Machine B 1,700 100 200 300 400 500

Determine which machine should be purchased.

8M

8. a) Briefly explain the following: i. Pipeline inventories and decoupling inventories ii. Set-up cost and purchase cost

8M

b) An aircraft company uses rivets at an approximate customer rate of 2,500kg per company personnel estimate that it costs Rs.130 to place an order and that the carrying cost of inventory is 10 percent per year. How frequently should orders for rivets be placed? Also, determine the optimum size of each other.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Use dominance principle to solve the following game:

A

I II III IV 1 20 15 12 35 2 25 14 8 10 3 40 2 19 5 4 5 4 11 0

8M

b) Solve the following gate by graphical method. B1 B2 B3 B4 A1 2 2 3 -1 A2 4 3 2 6

7M

10. a) Differentiate Dynamic Programming with LPP. 4M b) A truck can carry a total of 10 tons of a product. Three types of products are available

for shipment. Their weights and values are tabulated. Assuming that at least one of each type must be shipped, determine the loading which will maximize the total value.

Type Value in Rs. Weight in tons A 20 1 B 50 2 C 60 2

11M





DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEMS (Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)



UNIT – I

1. a) Define a distributed system. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages over the centralized systems.

10M

b) Explain the features of multiprocessor timesharing systems.

5M

2. a) Discuss the general structure of a multicomputer operating system. 8M b) Describe bus-based multiprocessor system. Compare and contrast distributed

operating systems with network operating systems and middleware.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Discuss Remote Procedure Call in terms of: i. Parameter passing ii. Parameter specification iii. Stub generation

10M

b) What is group communication? Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

5M

4. a) Bring out the significance of transport layer. 5M b) Discuss the five different classes of failures that can occur in Remote Procedure Call

systems. 10M

UNIT – III

5. a) Discuss the following clock synchronization algorithms: i. Cristian’s Algorithm ii. Berkley Algorithm

8M

b) What is mutual exclusion? Explain token ring algorithm for mutual exclusion.

7M

6. a) Compare and contrast the following control organization for distributed dead lock detection: i. Centralized Control ii. Distributed Control iii. Hierarchical Control

6M

b) Explain the global state detection based algorithm in detail for handling deadlocks.

9M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Give the architecture of Sun NFS. 7M b) Discuss the typical data access actions in distributed file systems with the help of neat

flow diagram.

8M

8. a) Discuss the mechanisms for building distributed file systems. 8M b) Write a short notes on:

i. Cache Consistency ii. Replication management

7M

Cont…2

::2::

UNIT – V

9. a) Write the global architecture and organization of CORBA. 8M b) Explain even processing in DCOM. Also explain different moniker types of DCOM.

7M

10. a) Explain the weak consistency model. Mention its properties. 8M b) How release consistency is achieved in DSM? Explain. 7M





NETWORK SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

(Information Technology)



UNIT – I

1. a) What are the key components of OSI Security architecture? Explain in detail the importance of these components.

8M

b) Explain multiple levels of encryption using rotor machine principle with the help of a neat diagram.

7M

2. a) Encipher the message “CHUCK NORRIS IS A TOUGH GUY” using rail fence technique. Also list the steps involved in deciphering the same.

8M

b) List and explain the role of Pervasive security mechanisms.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Explain the parameters and design features of Feistel cipher. Give the neat sketch of feistel encryption and decryption.

8M

b) With neat sketch explain block cipher modes of operation.

7M

4. a) Explain AES key expansion algorithm. 8M b) Given the following equations for CRT. Solve for x:

i. x≡2(mod3) ii. x≡3(mod5) iii. x≡2(mod7)

7M

UNIT – III

5. a) Illustrate Diffie Hellman Key exchange algorithm in detail. 7M b) Explain direct and arbitrated approaches for digital signature functions.

8M

6. a) Outline various ways of using hash code to provide message authentication. 7M b) Briefly explain RSA algorithm.

8M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain the two ways in which the IPSec authentication services can be used. 8M b) PKIX identifies the number of management functions that potentially need to be

supported by management protocols. Explain.

7M

8. a) Explain the scope of ESP encryption and authentication. 8M b) Explain how e-mail security can be provided using PGP protocol services.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the different classes of Intruders. 8M b) Explain the types of web security threats faced in using the web.

7M

10. a) Explain the different types of Firewalls with neat sketch. 8M b) What are the key features of SET? 7M





MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT THROUGH J2ME

(Information Technology)



UNIT – I

1. a) Explain the differences between J2SE, J2EE and J2ME. 9M b) How does J2ME balances a thin client and a thick client?

6M

2. a) “Java is a two stage system”. How? 5M b) Explain Cellular telephone networks and list their advantages.

10M

UNIT – II

3. a) With a neat diagram, explain the methods of MIDP Application lifecycle. 8M b) List any 7 J2ME best practices.

7M

4. a) Write a simple HelloWorld MIDlet and explain the step to compile, pre verify and run the MIDlet.

10M

b) Mention the features of J2ME wireless toolkit.

5M

UNIT – III

5. a) List the steps required to determine the Item Class. 5M b) Illustrate how to construct a MIDlet that creates an instance of the ChoiceGroup class

and associates the instance with the form.

10M

6. a) List the steps required to create an instance of the Form class. 5M b) Illustrate the technique for throwing a MIDletStateChangeException from the

destroyApp() method.

10M

UNIT – IV

7. a) List the features of Record Management System in J2ME. 5M b) Write a sample program to create, open, close and remove a Record store from a

small computing device.

10M

8. Create a JDBC program for the following requirements: I. Open database connection with:

i. Driver: “com.mysql.jdbc.Driver” ii. Database url: “jdbc:mysql://localhost/LIBRARY” iii. User name: “maxwell” iv. Password: “welcome”

II. Insert a new record into the table “tbl_user” with values like: usn = 11, name = “Amar”, Sem = 7

III. Retrieve and display all the user’s details from the table “tbl_user” IV. Delete the record of user whose usn is “?” – place holder, value to be filled later. V. Update the record of user whose usn is “?” – place holder, value to be filled later. VI. Handle exceptions appropriately.

15M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – V

9. a) How MIDlet Applications are used for writing and reading from a socket connection? 8M b) List the seven GCF connection interfaces located in the javax.microedition.io package.

Mention their uses.

7M

10. a) Write a skeleton program to illustrate file protocol usage to write information to a file from a MIDlet.

10M

b) “An HTTP connection is made by calling one of the three versions of the open() method of the Connector class”. Explain.

5M

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code : A1429



(Regulations: VCE-R11) VLSI DESIGN

(Electronics and Communication Engineering) Date: 16 November, 2015 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


UNIT – I

1. a) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the operation of a Tri-state inverter and differential inverter.

8M

b) Explain the dc transfer characteristics of a CMOS inverter. Discuss the different regions in the characteristics in detail.

7M

2. a) Explain the following with necessary diagrams: i. Velocity saturation ii. Mobility degradation iii. Body effect

9M

b) Consider an NMOS with Vth = 0.7 V, = 0.08 V1/2 and 2 0.58 .F V Calculate the threshold voltage for VSB = 1V and VSB = 3V.

6M

UNIT – II

3. a) With a neat sketch explain the steps involved in fabrication of NMOS transistor. 8M b) Briefly explain the following:

i. Wafer processing ii. Oxidation

7M

4. a) What is Latchup in CMOS circuit? Explain the effect of latch up in a P-Well structure. Suggest some remedies to overcome the problem.

10M

b) Compare BJT and CMOS technologies. 5M

UNIT – III

5. a) What are stick diagram? Draw stick diagram for a CMOS inverter mention its significance.

10M

b) With relevant diagram explain fall time delay model.

5M

6. a) Write a short notes on the following: i. Resistance estimation ii. Capacitance estimation

10M

b) With relevant circuit diagram and waveforms explain short circuit power dissipation. 5M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – IV

7. a) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of dynamic CMOS logic during Pre-charge and Evaluation phase with output waveforms.

9M

b) Realise three input NOR gate using pseudo NMOS logic. Mention the properties of pseudo NMOS logic

6M

8. a) Realize Y ABC DE F using complementary CMOS logic. What are the advantages

and disadvantages of CMOS complementary logic?

10M

b) Explain Domino CMOS logic with one example. 5M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the Fault models: i. Stuck at faults ii. Short and open circuit

6M

b) Briefly explain Observability and Controllability with an example.

9M

10. a) What are the selftest techniques? Explain anyone of the techniques. 8M b) Write notes on fault coverage and Observability in manufacturing test principles. 7M





INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND PSYCHOLOGY

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Briefly describe the general principles of management as laid down by Henry Fayol. Is

his list exhaustive? Comment. 7M

b) Scientific management involves in its essence a complete revolution on the part of workers and equally complete revolution on the part of those on management side” In the light of the above statement explain the main elements and principles of scientific management.

8M

2. a) “Organizational charts provide a broad picture of positions of authority and their relationships in the organization structure” in view of this explain mechanistic structure.

8M

b) Write a brief note on functional organization.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Define plant layout and mention objectives of good plant layouts. 8M b) List out the advantages and disadvantages of rural sites.

7M

4. a) What are the principles of plat layout? 5M b) In a welding shop, a direct time study was done on a welding operation. One

inexperienced industrial engineer and one experienced industrial engineer conducted the study simultaneously. They agreed precisely on cycle time (shown below) but their opinion on rating the worker differed. The experienced engineer rated the worker 100% and the other engineer rated the worker 120%. They used a 10% allowance.

Cycle time in Minutes Number of times observed 20 2 24 1 29 1 32 1

i. Determine the standard time using the experienced industrial engineer’s worker

rating ii. Find the standard time using the worker rating of inexperienced industrial

engineer iii. Comment on the reliability of time study engineers

10M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – III

5. a) Write a short note Activity time. 5M b) A project has the following characteristics.

Activity Tm To Tp 1 – 2 5 3 7 2 – 3 2 1 3 2 – 4 6 4 8 3 – 5 4 2 6 4 – 5 7 6 8 4 – 6 5 4 6 5 – 7 5 3 7 6 – 7 3 2 4 7 – 8 4 3 5 7 – 9 3 1 5

8 – 10 2 1 3 9 – 10 2 1 3

i. Construct the project ii. Find the expected duration and variance of each activity iii. Identify the critical path and the critical duration

10M

6. a) Explain the OC curves with all its parameters. 7M b) The following table gives the number of missing rivets noted in a newly fabricated bus.

Construct a C-chart.

Bus Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Number of Missing

rivets(c) 14 13 26 20 9 25 15 11 14 13

8M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Elicit the functions of inventories. 8M b) Write about purchase department and its tasks.

7M

8. a) What is inventory control? List out the objectives of inventory control. 8M b) Discuss briefly about purchase management. Write down the duties of store keeper.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Define Industrial Psychology. Explain the objectives of Industrial Psychology. 10M b) Describe the scope of Industrial Psychology.

5M

10. a) Explain Hawthorne experiment. 8M b) Explain various working environmental conditions. 7M





EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (Common to Electronics and Communication Engineering & Electrical and Electronics

Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Explain the design methodologies and goals of Embedded system. 8M b) Explain GPS as an example for Architectural design for Embedded system.

7M

2. a) Explain the levels of abstraction during design. 7M b) Illustrate the barriers in design and development.

8M

UNIT – II

3. a) Draw a block diagram that represents 8051 Microcontroller and brief on the functionalities of some important blocks.

8M

b) Explain the operation performed by the following instructions: i. MOV 10h,06h ii. POP 07h iii. XRL 30h,A iv. MOV 89H,C

7M

4. a) Describe any two modes of timers/counters of 8051. 7M b) Write an 8051 ALP to add the ASCII numbers found in external ROM locations 3000h,

3001h, 3002h together and put the result in external RAM locations 3000h [MSB] and 3001h [LSB].

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain event based synchronization mechanism for IPC. 7M b) What is meant by critical section problem? Write the algorithm for P and V operation

using binary semaphores.

8M

6. a) Write short notes on: i. Message Queues ii. Reentrancy

8M

b) What is interrupt service routine? Write different measures to be taken care while writing interrupt service routines in RTOS environment.

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain the development of an Embedded system with block diagram. 8M b) Enumerate the development process using In-circuit Emulator.

7M

8. a) Explain the method used for debugging a target system without using the target Processor.

8M

b) Discuss any four Laboratory tools used in testing embedded systems.

7M

Cont…2

::2::

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain I2C bus and briefly discuss about each field in frame. 8 M b) Describe the memory organization of ARM processor in detail.

7 M

10. a) Explain Instruction parallelism in detail with an example. 8 M b) Discuss the communication mechanism for internet enabled systems. 7 M





CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Explain the following terms with respect to mobile communication system: i. Direct wave path ii. Line of sight iii. Obstructive path

8M

b) Briefly explain the different categories for specifying performance criteria in cellular radio system.

7M

2. a) With a neat diagram explain a mobile radio environment. 8M b) If a Total of 33 MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a particular FDD cellular Telephone

System which uses two 25 KHz simplex channels, compute the number of channels available per cell if a system uses: i. Four Cell reuse ii. Seven Cell reuse iii. Twelve Cell reuse

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) What is Adjacent channel interference? Briefly explain next channel and neighboring channel interference.

8M

b) If a signal to interference ratio of 15dB is required for satisfactory forward channel performance of a cellular system, what is the frequency reuse factor and cluster size that should be used for maximum capacity if the path loss component is n=4. Assume there are six co-channel cells in the first tier and all of them are at the same distance from the mobile.

7M

4. a) Discuss the effect of power decrease, antenna height decrease, and beam tilting on coverage and interference in cellular system.

7M

b) Explain the design of directional antenna system.

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Give the equation for general propagation path loss formula in a general mobile radio environment.

7M

b) Discuss three basic radio wave propagation mechanisms and find the far-field distance for an antenna with maximum dimension of 1mt. and operating frequency of 900MHz.

8M

6. a) Discuss general formula of Lee model used for point to point network. 7M b) Explain different types of mobile antennas.

8M

Cont…2

::2::

UNIT – IV

7. a) Discuss the following with respect to fixed channel assignment: i. Adjacent channel assignment ii. Channel sharing and borrowing iii. Sectorization

9M

b) Write short notes on underlay-overlay arrangement of frequency planning. 6M

8. a) Explain the queuing of handoffs, its parameters and various cases to see the improvement with relevant expressions.

8M

b) Differentiate between mobile assisted handoff (MAHO) and soft handoff.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) With a neat block diagram explain the GSM architecture. 8M b) Discuss various logical channels of GSM.

7M

10. a) Explain the principle of CDMA operation. 7M b) Discuss the function of radio resource management and mobility management in GSM. 8M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) OPERATING SYSTEMS

(Electronics and Communication Engineering) Date: 30 November, 2015 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


UNIT – I

1. a) What is an Operating System? Explain different functions of Operating System. 10M b) Differentiate between application software and system software with suitable

examples.

5M

2. a) What is a process? Mention the responsibilities of process management. 6M b) Consider the following set of processes, with the length of CPU burst time given in

milliseconds. Draw Gantt charts illustrating the execution of these processes using FCFS, SJF (preemptive) and also calculate the average waiting time of each of the scheduling.

Process Arrival Time Burst Time Priority P1 0 8 4 P2 1 5 3 P3 3 6 2 P4 5 2 1 (Highest)

9M

UNIT – II

3. a) What are entry, exit and remainder section of a code? What are the requirements that must be satisfied to solve critical-section problem?

6M

b) Explain Peterson’s solution to solve the critical-section problem.

9M

4. a) Write about the necessary conditions that cause Deadlock in a system. Explain about Resource allocation Graph.

9M

b) Draw a resource allocation graph for the following scenario and determine whether the system is in a deadlock or not. Justify your answer. P = P1, P2, P3 R = R1, R2, R3, R4 No. of instances of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are 1, 2, 1 and 3 respectively. E = P1 → R1, R1 → P2, R2 → P1, R2 → P3, P2 → R3, P2 → R2, R3 → P3, R4 → P3

6M

UNIT – III

5. a) Illustrate the use of memory compaction to reduce external fragmentation in contiguous memory allocation.

5M

b) Consider the following page reference string: 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6 Show the allocation of frames for following replacement algorithms for alloc is 3 assuming all frames are initially empty. Calculate the hit ratio of each algorithm. i. LRU replacement ii. FIFO replacement iii. Optimal replacement

10M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) Illustrate memory allocation to a process with an example. Show allocated memory

map for an arbitrary process with some program statements and functions. 7M

b) Write short notes on directory structure and free space management in UNIX.

8M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Write about Sequential Access and Direct Access. 7M b) Consider the following page reference string 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 4, 0, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4.

How many page faults would occur with LRU and FIFO page replacement algorithms assuming three frames? All frames are initially empty.

8M

8. a) Explain A typical PC bus structure with a neat diagram. 6M b) Suppose the read/write head is at track 97, moving towards track 0 (the lowest

numbered track on the disk) and the disk request queue contains read/write requests for the sectors on tracks 84, 155, 103, 96, 15, 24, 87, 114, 55 and 197, respectively. The highest track number is 199. Calculate the total number of head movements needed to satisfy the requests in the queue using i. SSTF ii. SCAN iii. C-SCAN iv. LOOK

9M

UNIT – V

9. a) What are the goals and principles of Protection? 6M b) Write in detail about Access matrix protection scheme. Also explain why a capability-

based system such as Hydra provides greater flexibility than the ring protection scheme in enforcing protection policies.

9M

10. a) Explain about Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Theft of Service, Denial of Service. 10M b) Explain different trap door and logic bomb programming threat models. 5M





DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) What are the fundamental steps in Digital image processing? Explain each of them in one or two sentences.

10M

b) Mention the different file formats used for storing files.

5M

2. a) Differentiate between 4-neighbours, 8-neighbours and 4-diagonal neighbors of a pixel p.

5M

b) What do you mean by Image Sampling and Quantization? Explain with an example.

10M

UNIT – II

3. a) State and define 1-D DCT pair and list its properties. 8M b) For a given orthogonal matrix A and image matrix U, obtain the transformed image and

the basis images. Show that the image can be expressed as a linear combination of basis images:

1 111 12

A

1 23 4

U

7M

4. a) Write the 2D-DFT pair and its following properties: i. Symmetry and Linearity ii. Fast Fourier Transform

8M

b) Compute the Hadamard transform of the 2x2 image

3 16 2

X

7M

UNIT - III 5. a) Explain the following point operations:

i. Contrast stretching ii. Power law transform iii. Image negative

8M

b) What is Histogram modeling? Explain the principles of histogram equalization.

7M

6. a) Explain the principles of spatial averaging and spatial low pass filtering for image enhancement.

8M

b) Explain the process of image enhancement using arithmetic and logic operations.

7M

Cont…2

::2::

UNIT – IV

7. a) Discuss the different noise models with suitable graphs and relevant equations (any five).

10M

b) Give a short note on direct inverse filtering. Also mention its disadvantage.

5M

8. a) Explain Wiener filter used during image restoration. 10M b) What is Pseudo color image processing? Give a brief note on Intensity slicing.

5M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the following and their importance: i. Relative data redundancy ii. Coding redundancy iii. Fidelity criteria

8M

b) Apply Huffman coding and estimate the average length and coding efficiency for the following source with probabilities: S=(a1, a2, a3, a4 ,a5, a6); P=(0.1, 0.4, 0.06, 0.1, 0.04, 0.3).

7M

10. a) Explain the following applied to image segmentation: i. Edge linking and Boundary detection ii. Thresholding

8M

b) Explain the principles of Region-based segmentation. 7M





CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Draw the output logic macrocell for a PALCE16V8 PLD and explain. What are the various macrocell configurations can be formed? Discuss each of them.

12M

b) Expand the part number of the PAL device: PAL 16 P 8.

3M

2. a) With a circuit diagram explain output logic macro cell for PALCE16V8 PLD. 8M b) With a basic PAL circuit and draw fuses on the diagram show how to make the

following expression. F AB AC BC

7M

UNIT – II

3. Explain the following: i. Antifuse programming ii. Flash configuration

Generic signal path between two logic elements.

15M

4. a) With a neat diagram, explain the operation of Altera APEX -II interconnect system. 8M b) With a neat diagram explain the operation of Xilinx SPARTAN - II combinational logic

block.

7M

UNIT – III

5. a) What is glitching problem in a logic network? Explain how to eliminate the unnecessary glitch propagation.

8M

b) With an example, explain sequential machine design process.

7M

6. a) With a neat sketch explain the unsigned array multiplier and also discuss the critical delay path in array multiplier.

7M

b) Explain the following: i. State transition graph ii. Register- transfer models

8M

UNIT – IV

7. a) With the block diagram, explain the working principle of delay locked loop. 6M b) Draw the schematic that represents the result of syntax directed translation of the

following statements: i. If(a) then x = e; else x = f ii. If(s) then z= a+b; else z = c+d iii. If(e) then x = a|b; else x=b&c

9M

8. a) Define logic synthesis. What are the two phases of logic synthesis? Discuss each of them with examples.

10M

b) What are logic factorization methods? Explain.

5M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – V

9. a) Write Mealy and Moore State Diagrams for '10' Sequence Detector. 6M b) With the help of block diagram explain mealy and moore machines. What are the pros

and cons of Mealy and Moore Machines?

9M

10. a) List out the advantages and disadvantages of using Altera’s FLEX architectures. 4M b) With the help of structure explain the programming cell of Xilinx XC 4000 series FPGA.

Also, explain the importance of the dedicated carry logic used. 11M





POWER SYSTEM SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Draw and explain the SF6 circuit breaker and mention its advantages. 7M b) A three phase alternator has the line voltage of 115KV,The generator is connected to a

circuit breaker .the inductance reactance up to the circuit breaker is 5Ω/phase .The distributed capacitance up to circuit breaker is 0.01µF/Phase, Determine:

i. Peak restriking voltage ii. Frequency of restriking voltage transient iii. Average RRRV up to peak restriking voltage iv. Maximum RRRV

8M

2. a) Write short notes on current chopping phenomenon in circuit breakers. 6M b) Explain the following circuit breaker ratings:

i. Making capacity ii. Symmetrical and asymmetrical breaking capacity iii. Rated operating sequence

9M

UNIT – II

3. a) From fundamentals, derive an expression for the torque produced in the induction type relay as t = K.ϕ1 ϕ2sin α.

8M

b) Explain the classification of relays based on their operating time. Draw their operating characteristic.

7M

4. a) Explain the basic principle of operation of following relays: i. Attracted armature type ii. Induction cup type

6M

b) Obtain the characteristic of the following relays on R-X diagram derived from universal torque equation.

i. Impedance ii. Reactance iii. Mho

9M

UNIT – III

5. a) List out the different types of faults in an alternator and with a neat diagram explain stator inter-turn protection of faults.

7M

b) A 6600 V, 3-phase alternator has a maximum continuous rating of 2000KW at 0.8 PF and its reactance is 12.5%. It is equipped with Merz price circulating current protection, which is set to operate at fault currents not less than 200 Amperes. Find what value of neutral earthing resistance leaves 10% of the winding unprotected?

Cont…2

8M

:: 2 ::

6. a) Explain the concept of bus bar protection. 5M b) Discuss the setting up of distance relays for protection of transmission lines with

required circuit and analytical steps.

10M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain the reflection and refraction coefficients of lumped reactive junction. 10M b) Explain the Bewleys Lattice diagrams.

5M

8. a) Explain the variation of voltage and current on an overhead line when the far end of the line is:

i. Open circuited ii. Short circuited

8M

b) A surge of 10KV magnitude travels along a cable towards its junction with an overhead line. The inductance and capacitance of the cable and overhead line are respectively 0.3 mH, and 0.4 μF and 1.5mH, 0.013 μF per KM. Find the voltage rise at the junction due in the Surge.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) What is solid grounding? With a neat circuit diagram explain fault in a 3-phase system that is solidly grounded.

10M

b) With a neat diagram explain grounding through an earthing resistor.

5M

10. a) Explain direct and indirect strokes. 5M b) In detail, explain the protection of substations against direct strokes. 10M





POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Develop an optimum generation scheduling strategy among different plants of a thermal power system taking transmission losses into account.

9M

b) The cost curves for the two generating units in a thermal plant are given by the following equations:

2 21 1 1 2 2 20.125 40 30 . / ; 0.150 30 25 . / .C P P Rs hr C P P Rs hr

Assume that both units operate all the times and determine the output of each unit for optimum scheduling of 200MW. What is the corresponding plant incremental cost?

6M

2. a) Determine the transmission loss formula in terms of loss coefficients for a system consisting of two generating plants and a single load.

8M

b) A system consists of two plants connected by a tie line and a load is located at plant 2. When 100 MW is transmitted from plant 1, a loss of 10MW takes place on tie line. Determine the generation schedule at both the plants and the power received by the load, when for the system is 25 Rs. / MW hr. The incremental fuel costs are given by the following equations:

11

1

0.03 17 / ;dF P Rs MWhdP

22

2

0.06 19 /dF P Rs MWhdP

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Briefly discuss the different types of hydroelectric power plants. 7M b) Discuss any one algorithm for short-term hydrothermal scheduling.

8M

4. a) A hydro plant and thermal plant supply a constant load of 100 MW. The thermal plant cost is given by 2 55 11.5 0.022GT GT GTF P P P Rs./h. Determine the schedule of thermal plant and its fuel cost, if the hydro plant energy is limited to 70MW.

9M

b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydro power plants? Discuss the constraints in hydrothermal scheduling.

6M

UNIT – III

5. a) What is a synchronous generator? Write the swing equation and obtain the two state model.

8M

b) Draw the block diagram of a steam turbine and obtain the approximate linear models.

Cont…2

7M

::2::

6. a) Draw the IEEE Type I excitation system block diagram and write the state equations. 7M b) Two identical machines 1 and 2 have droop characteristics with 5% and 2% speed

regulation, respectively. They share an initial load of 100MW equally, operating at nominal frequency. If there is an increase of 35MW in the load, how is it shared? Draw the droop characteristics of the two machines.

8M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain the necessity of maintaining frequency constant in power system. 5M b) Obtain the complete block diagram of representation of an isolated power system.

10M

8. a) Explain load frequency control of a two area system with a neat block diagram. 12M b) Define the terms control area and single area control. 3M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain briefly about reactive power compensation in transmission systems. 8M b) Explain about load compensation with its objectives.

7M

10. a) Explain briefly about uncompensated and compensated transmission lines. 8M b) With a neat diagram, briefly explain static VAr compensator employing TCS and TCR. 7M





POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DRIVES (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Explain the operation of a single phase, semi-controlled converter fed dc series motor in continuous current conduction mode.

8M

b) A 220V, 1500rpm, 50A separately excited motor with armature resistance of 0.5Ω is fed from a three phase fully-controlled rectifier. Available ac sources have a line voltage of 440V, 50Hz. A star-delta connected transformer is used to feed the armature so that motor terminal voltage equals rated voltage when converter firing angle is zero. Determine the value of firing angle when: i. Motor is running at 1200rpm and rated torque ii. Motor is running at -800rpm and twice the rated torque

7M

2. a) Derive an expression relating speed and torque of a separately excited DC motor and thereby plot its characteristics.

7M

b) A 200V, 875rpm, 150A separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance of 0.06Ω. It is fed from a single phase fully-controlled rectifier with an ac source voltage of 220V, 50Hz. Assuming continuous conduction, calculate: i. Firing angle for rated motor torque and 750 rpm ii. Firing angle for rated motor toque and -500rpm iii. Motor speed for α = 160° and rated torque

8M

UNIT – II

3. a) Explain two quadrant control of DC-DC converter drive for separately excited DC motor. 7M b) Describe the working of dual converter control of separately excited DC motor.

8M

4. a) Explain the closed loop control of DC motor with the help of neat block diagram 7M b) A 220 V, 70 A, DC series motor has combined resistance of armature and field of 0.12Ω

running on no load with field winding connected to separate source it gave following magnetization characteristics at 600 rpm: Field current 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Terminal voltage 64 118 150 170 184 194 202 210 Motor is controlled with chopper with source voltage 220 V, calculate: i. Motor speed for duty ratio 0.6 and motor current of 60 A ii. Torque for speed of 400 rpm and duty ratio of 0.65

8M

Cont…2

::2::

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain the principle and operation of cyclo-converter control of induction motor. 7M b) With help of neat circuit diagram, Discuss the current source inverter control of

Induction motor.

8M

6. a) Discuss the closed loop speed control for a VSI fed Induction motor. 8M b) Show that a variable frequency induction motor drive develops at all frequencies the

same torque for a given slip speed when operating at constant flux.

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) With suitable aid, explain why the induction motor torque capability remains unaltered even at low speeds by employing rotor resistance control.

8M

b) A 440V, 50Hz, 970rpm, 6-pole, star connected, 3-phase wound rotor induction motor has following parameters referred to the stator Rs=0.1Ω, Rr’=0.08Ω, Xs=0.3Ω, Xr’=0.4Ω. The stator to rotor turns ratio is 2. Motor speed is controlled by static Scherbius drive. The drive is designed for a speed range of 25% below the synchronous speed. Maximum value of firing angle is 165˚. Calculate: i. Transformer turns ratio ii. Torque for a speed of 780 rpm and firing angle of 140˚

7M

8. a) Explain how rotor resistance control can be implemented using static converters. Also obtain an expression in terms of converter firing angle to determine the effective rotor resistance.

8M

b) Explain any one type of slip power recovery method with suitable diagrams.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Write short notes on pulsed mode operation of inverters used to control synchronous motor drive.

5M

b) A synchronous motor is controlled by a load commutated inverter, which in turn is fed from a line commutated converter. Source voltage is 6.6kV, 50Hz. Load commutated inverter operates at a constant firing angle of 140˚ and when rectifying it operates at a firing angle of 0˚. DC link inductor resistance is 0.1Ω. Drive operates in self-control mode with a constant V/f ratio. Motor has the details: 8MW, 3-phase, 6600V, 6-pole, 50Hz, unity power factor, star connected, Xs=2.8Ω, Rs=0Ω. Determine source side converter firing angle for regenerative braking operation at 500rpm and rated motor current. Also calculate power supplied to the source.

10M

10. a) Draw the block diagram of closed loop control of load commutated inverter synchronous motor drive and write short notes on each of the blocks.

9M

b) Write short notes on variable frequency control of multiple synchronous motors. 6M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) ENTREPRENEURSHIP

(Common to Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering & Civil Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) List and explain the qualities required for an entrepreneurship to be successful. 8M b) What role does ethics play in entrepreneurship? Explain with an example.

7M

2. a) What are the barriers to entrepreneurship? How will the government build on ecosystem of entrepreneurship to overcome the barriers?

8M

b) Elaborate the importance of stimulants of entrepreneurship in promoting entrepreneurial culture.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Elaborate the role of Government in promoting entrepreneurship. 8M b) What role does MSME’s play in assisting entrepreneurs? Explain.

7M

4. a) Explain the role of NIESBUD. 5M b) List the functions of SIDBI. What are the development and support services provided

by IDBI.

10M

UNIT – III

5. a) What are the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs from startup stage to successful establishment of enterprise? Explain with examples.

8M

b) Comment on “Women entrepreneurship development in India” – progress till date and road ahead.

7M

6. a) Summarize the profile of any two successful Indian woman entrepreneurs. 8M b) Develop the concept of women entrepreneurship. What are the functions of women

entrepreneurs?

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain major classification of projects. 8M b) Describe the steps involved in the identification and selection of a project.

7M

8. a) Elucidate the common errors committed by entrepreneurs in project formulation. 8M b) Provide an overview of various external sources of project financing.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the importance of designing appropriate training programs to inculcate entrepreneurial spirit.

8M

b) List the significance of an effective entrepreneurial training.

7M

10. a) What kind of training programs would you recommend for new entrepreneurs and existing entrepreneurs? Justify.

8M

b) Explain the process of collection of feedback of trainees and assessment of performance of trainees.

7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Date: 27 November, 2015 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


UNIT – I

1. a) Explain on the estimation and control of electric stress. 10M b) Define electric field intensity and obtain its various relationships with various

quantities in electric field.

5M

2. a) What are the different numerical methods for electric field computation? Explain any one method and derive for the equations.

10M

b) Write a note on application of insulation in circuit breakers.

5M

UNIT – II

3. a) Explain Townsend’s theory of breakdown in gases. Derive Townsend’s criterion for breakdown.

10M

b) In an experiment in a certain gas it was found that the steady state current is 5.5x10-8A at 8KV at a distance of 0.4cm between the plane electrodes. Keeping the field constant and reducing the distance to 0.1 cm results in a current of 5.5x10-9A. Calculate Townsend’s primary ionization coefficient ‘α’.

5M

4. a) Explain the suspended particle theory of breakdown in commercial liquids. 7M b) Explain bubble theory of breakdown in liquid dielectrics.

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Draw and explain the cascaded voltage doubler circuit for the generation of high direct current voltages.

8M

b) Draw and Explain the Impulse voltage generation circuits and waveforms.

7M

6. a) Explain the e-field controlled voltage dividers and their application for impulse voltage measurements.

8M

b) Design a peak reading voltmeter along with a suitable micro-ammeter such that it will be able to read voltages up to 100kV/peak. The capacitance potential divider is of the ratio 1000:1.

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain the mechanism of lightning stroke. 8M b) What are the causes of over voltages in EHV systems? Explain voltage rise due to

sudden load rejection.

7M

8. a) Explain Wilson’s theory of charge formation in clouds. 8M b) What is insulation coordination? Explain the basic concept with a typical volt-time

curve.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – V

9. a) Draw and explain the Wheatstone bridge arrangement for resistivity measurements. 7M b) Discuss on discharge detection using straight detectors. Draw the partial discharge

pattern.

8M

10. a) Mention different tests on bushings and explain any one of them. 7M b) What are the different methods of conducting short circuit tests on circuit breakers?

Draw and explain the schematic diagram showing the basic elements of short circuit testing laboratory.

8M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) INSTRUMENTATION

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Date: 27 November, 2015 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


UNIT – I

1. a) Explain hysteresis, threshold and dead time of measuring instruments. 9M b) An oscilloscope having an input resistance of 1MΩ shunted by 50pf capacitance is

connected across a circuit having an effective resistance of 10KΩ . If the open circuit voltage has 1.0 peak for a 100Khz sine wave, what will be voltage indicated on the oscilloscope when the frequency is i. 1000Khz ii. 1Mhz

6M

2. a) Draw a neat diagram of generalized measurement system and explain details of each element in it.

8M

b) It is desired to replace the ammeter to a 50Ω internal resistor shown in Fig.1 below is connected to a 100Ω resistor. Find i. The actual value of current ii. Measured value of current iii. The percentage error is measurement and the accuracy

Fig.1

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) What are the effects of depositing a thin film of metal on the non-viewing side of the phosphor in a CRT?

5M

b) Derive an expression for deflection sensitivity in a CRT with conclusions. Also find deflection factor.

10M

4. a) What are the various types of graticules on the CRO screen? Explain in detail. 6M b) Draw the block diagram of horizontal amplifier of an oscilloscope and explain its

working.

9M

UNIT – III

5. a) Draw the block schematic of AF wave analyzer and explain its principle and working. 8M b) What are the applications of spectrum analysers? Explain.

7M

6. a) Explain the two types of spectrum analyzers. 8M b) Draw the block diagram of a vector impedance meter and explain in brief. 7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – IV

7. a) Describe the piezoelectric transducer and give the formula for coupling coefficient. 8M b) Explain briefly the working of

i. Resistive transducers ii. Capacitive transducers

7M

8. a) Define and explain briefly about the operating principle of an LVDT. What are its applications?

8M

b) Explain the working principle of strain gauges and derive the expression for gauge factor.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Describe the method of angular velocity measurement using AC Tacho generators. 8M b) What is torque? With a neat sketch, explain the strain gauge type of methods for the

measurement of dynamic torque.

7M

10. a) Compare the characteristics of RTD, thermocouple and thermistor and comments on their temperature coefficients.

9M

b) A pitot tube is used for measurement of velocity of flow of water having a density of 1000kg/m3: i. Determine the velocity of flow at the head of the pitot tube if it produces a

differential pressure of 10KN/m2 between its tow outlets. ii. The same differential pressure is obtained in air at an altitude where the density of

air is 0.65kg/m3. Determine the velocity of air flow.

6M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) CAD/CAM

(Mechanical Engineering) Date: 16 November, 2015 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


UNIT – I

1. a) Explain the importance of computers in increasing the productivity in shop floor. 7M b) Explain the evolution of storage devices till today.

8M

2. a) Explain the database structure for the modeling tools. 7M b) Derive the relationships for the rotation transformation in two dimensions. 8M

UNIT – II

3. Explain the following: i. B-splines ii. Bezier curves iii. Rational curves

15M

4. a) Explain the various display control commands used in modeling. 8M b) Explain the different commands used in modifying a drawing in modeling.

7M

UNIT – III

5. a) With a sketch, explain the structure of a CNC machine tool. 6M b) List and explain the different types of turning centers.

9M

6. a) Explain the steps involved in manual part programming. 6M b) Explain the benefits of group technology. 9M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Discuss the use of machine vision systems for inspection. 10M b) Write a note on photogrammetry.

5M

8. a) Explain contact inspection methods. 7M b) Write a note on electrical field techniques, radiation techniques.

8M

UNIT – V

9. a) Discuss the functions of the computer in a computer integrated manufacturing system. 10M b) List the human labor requirements for a computer integrated manufacturing system.

5M

10. a) Explain the benefits of a computer integrated manufacturing system. 10M b) List the performance reports generated for the needs and desires of management. 5M





INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

(Mechanical Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) With a block diagram, neatly explain the generalized measurement system process. 8M b) With a neat sketch, explain the working of a capacitive transducer.

7M

2. a) Write a note on resistive transducers using potentiometer as an example. 8M b) What is error? Explain sources of error.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Discuss with a neat sketch the principle of working of dead weight pressure tester. Explain the factors that affect the accuracy of this device as a calibrating device.

8M

b) What devices are used for low pressure measurement and ranges they cover?

7M

4. a) Compare and contrast the direct and indirect methods of level measurements. 7M b) Why a rotameter is called variable area flow meter? Sketch and explain its working.

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Describe with sketches the basic principle of working of a stroboscope for speed measurement.

8M

b) How is a mechanical tachometer different from a non contact type tachometer?

7M

6. a) Discuss the principle of working of a seismic instrument; explain how it can be used to measure displacement, velocity and acceleration?

8M

b) Describe briefly the operation of strain gauge accelerometer and piezo electric transducer for the measurement of acceleration.

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) What are thermocouples? State and explain the laws governing the functioning of thermocouples.

9M

b) Explain total radiation pyrometer with a neat sketch.

6M

8. a) With a neat sketch, explain electrical resistance thermometer. 7M b) In the context of temperature sensitive measurement, how thermistor is beneficial?

8M

UNIT – V

9. a) With a neat diagram, write a note on the measurement of humidity using a dew point meter.

8M

b) What is meant by servomechanism? Explain its significance.

7M

10. a) With a neat diagram, explain the working of a sling psychrometer. 8M b) What is control system? Explain open loop and closed loop control system. 7M





REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING




UNIT – I

1. a) What are the limitations of air refrigeration? 6M b) A refrigeration system working on Bell-Coleman cycle operates between limits of 1.05

bar and 8.5 bar. Air is drawn from the cold chamber at 100C. Air coming out of the compressor is cooled to 300 C before entering the expander. Compression follows the law pv1.35= constant. Determine the theoretical COP of the system.

9M

2. a) Give two examples each of application of refrigeration in the following: i. Food processing; Chemical/ process industries ii. Special applications. Explain briefly refrigeration of dairy products

7M

b) Derive an expression for COP of air refrigeration working on Bell-Coleman cycle.

8M

UNIT – II

3. a) What are the merits and demerits of vapour compression system over air refrigeration system?

6M

b) A simple vapour compression plant produces 5tonnes of refrigeration. The enthalpy values at inlet to compressor, at the exit and at exit from the condenser are 183.19, 209.41 and 74.59kJ/kg respectively. Estimate: i. The refrigerant flow rate ii. COP iii. Power required to drive the compressor iv. The rate of heat rejection to the condenser

9M

4. a) Obtain an expression for coefficient of performance for a vapour absorption refrigeration cycle.

7M

b) In an aqua-ammonia absorption refrigerator system heat is supplied to the generator by condensing steam at 0.2Mpa, 90% quality. The temperature to be maintained in the refrigerator is -10oC and the ambient temperature is 30oC. Estimate the COP of the refrigerator. If the actual COP is 40% of maximum COP and the refrigeration load is 20tonnes, what will the required steam flow rate?

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Write short note on: i. Ozone depletion potential ii. Global warming potential

7M

b) With the help of schematic diagram explain the working of thermal electric expansion valve used in refrigeration system.

8M

6. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of a steam jet refrigeration system. 8M b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of vortex tube refrigeration system? 7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – IV

7. a) What is coil by pass factor? Discuss its effect on air velocity and number of rows of coil. 7M b) Moist air at 320C DBT and 50% RH enters a cooling coil at 10,000m3/h. It is desired that

the air leaving the cooling coil has a DBT of 200C and WBT of 180C? Determine the following: i. By pass factor ii. Total heat removed

8M

8. a) How fog is created artificially? 6M b) 400m3/min of re-circulated air at 200C DBT and 100C DPT is mixed adiabatically with

150m3/min of fresh air at 350C DBT and 45% RH. Determine the enthalpy, humidity ratio and dew point Temperature of the mixed air.

9M

UNIT – V

9. a) Discuss the inside design condition for a given air conditioning system used in industry. 7M b) Discuss the factors and indices of thermal comfort.

8M

10. a) Write short note on: i. Split Air conditioner ii. Filters

7M

b) Moist air at 30oC and 50% relative humidity enters a dehumidifier operating at steady state with a volumetric flow rate of 280m3/min. The moist air passes over a cooling coil and water vapour condenses. Condensate exits in a separate stream at the same temperature. There is no significant loss of energy by heat transfer to the surroundings and pressure remains constant at 1.01325bars. Determine: i. The mass flow rate of dry air in kg/min ii. The rate at which water is condensed in kg/kg of dry air

8M





AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING




UNIT – I

1. a) Explain briefly the various types of chassis construction with the help of diagrams. Make list of various components mounted on the chassis.

9M

b) Give in detail the procedure for servicing the valve system in an engine.

6M

2. a) What is turbocharging? Explain with a neat sketch working of turbocharger. 8M b) Explain with neat sketch working of pressurized lubrication system.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Explain the layout of a common rail fuel injection system. 8M b) Write a note on pollutants of automobile exhaust.

7M

4. a) Write a note on Emission norms prevailing in India. 7M b) Explain the working of EGR.

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) With the help of a neat sketch show the construction of a radiator, Discuss different types of radiator cores used in car engines.

8M

b) What is the necessity of using thermostat in the cooling system? Discuss the construction and working of any thermostat valve.

7M

6. a) Describe with a neat sketch working of Magneto ignition system. 8M b) Explain why ignition advance is necessary? Explain the working of a centrifugal

advance mechanism.

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) With a diagram, write a note on tubeless tyres. 7M b) Explain the working of a sliding mesh gear box with a schematic diagram.

8M

8. a) With a layout sketch, explain the working of hydraulic brake system. 8M b) Discuss relative merits and demerits of mechanical and hydraulic brakes.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the following terms: i. Camber ii. Castor iii. King pin inclination iv. Toe-in and toe-out

8M

b) Explain with a neat sketch the Ackerman steering mechanism.

7M

10. a) What are the objectives of suspension system? Explain with a neat sketch independent suspension system.

9M

b) Describe with a neat sketch the working of telescopic shock absorber. 6M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

(Aeronautical Engineering) Date: 16 November, 2015 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


UNIT – I

1. a) Explain the difference between ( )D PDt

and ( )Pt

. The velocity field of a steady state

flow is given by ˆ ˆ3 3 6v xi yj z , evaluate the substantial derivative for the flow.

9M

b) The velocity components for a fluid flow is given as 1 1 2 2,v cx v cx . Show that fluid is divergence free. Also comment on the nature of flow.

6M

2. a) Write expression for continuity, Momentum and Energy equations in integral form for a given control volume and deduce the expressions for the same if the control volume shrinks to a point.

10M

b) Show that the deduced equations for an inviscid, adiabatic case forms Euler equations.

5M

UNIT – II

3. a) Demonstrate the fundamental difference between conservation and non-conservations forms of governing flow equations.

7M

b) What do mean by shock fitting and shock capturing methods?

8M

4. a) Describe how a quasi-linear partial differential equation is classified. 6M b) Describe the general behaviours of different types of partial differential equation.

9M

UNIT – III

5. Derive stability condition for discritization of second order wave equation using von Neumann stability analysis.

15M

6. a) What is the transformation of the governing partial differential equation? 7M

b) Derive Jacobian and Matrices of transformation.

8M

UNIT – IV

7. a) What is difference between physical domain and computational domain in the context of grid generation, explain with an example. State the merits and demerits of using Elliptic Grid generation?

8M

b) With a neat sketch depict the transformation Grid of a semi-circular cylinder. Write governing equations in developing such a grid.

7M

8. a) Explain with a neat sketch for the grid near the boundary for flow dominant with boundary layers. How do we achieve this grid in the case of Elliptic grid generation?

7M

b) Write a short note on various types of grid generators used in generating grids in CFD. For Fig.1 given below sketch the nature of grid generated by an elliptic grid solver.

Fig.1

Cont…2

8M

:: 2 ::

UNIT – V

9. a) Write a short note on grid generation. Explain why is grid generation an essential part of CFD.

8M

b) Explain with a neat sketch grid point clustering.

7M

10. a) Explain grid generation using Hyperbolic PDE. 8M b) Explain Arc length method in the context of hyperbolic grid generation. 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) VIBRATIONS AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS



UNIT – I

1. a) A simple harmonic motion has amplitude of 0.3cm and period of 0.2 sec. determine the maximum velocity and acceleration.

3M

b) Find the natural frequency of system shown in Fig.1.

Fig.1

12M

2. a) A harmonic motion has a frequency of 15 cycles/sec and its maximum velocity is 5m/s. Determine its amplitude, period, and maximum acceleration.

5M

b) Find the natural frequency of the system in Fig.2 assuming the bar CD to be weightless and rigid.

Fig.2

Cont…2

10M

:: 2 ::

UNIT – II

3. Derive the frequency equation for the pulley-mass system shown in Fig.3. The pulley has a mass of M and effective radius of R. Assume that the cord, which passes over the pulley, does not slip. If K1=60 N/m, k2=40 N/m, m=2kg and M=10kg. Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes.

Fig.3

15M

4. A schematic representation of an automobile is shown in Fig.4. If the automobile weighs 17.8 kN and has a radius of gyration about the center of gravity of 1.37m, find the principal modes of vibration of the automobile. The combined front springs k1 is 440N/cm and combined rear springs k2 is 475 N/cm.

Fig.4

15M

UNIT – III

5. Obtain the natural frequencies of the system shown in the Fig.5 using Eigen value method.

Fig.5

15M

6. What do you understand by whirling of shafts? Derive the necessary relations and thus, explain what is happening in the shaft carrying an unbalanced disc at its center operated above and below its critical speed.

15M

Cont…3

:: 3 ::

UNIT – IV

7. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.6 below using Rayleigh’s Ritz method.

Fig.6

15M

8. Explain the method of matrix iteration for calculation of higher modes using principle of orthogonality.

15M

UNIT – V

9. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.7 using matrix iteration method.

Fig.7

15M

10. Describe transient response analysis of modal equations using Duhamel’s integrals. 15M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) AVIONICS



UNIT – I

1. a) Write the main characteristics of touch screen. 8M b) Explain the avionics subsystem used in civil aircraft.

7M

2. a) Explain the working of LED. 8M b) Write short notes on Head up display.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Describe the theory of operation of a radio receiver. 8M b) Explain the frequency bands used in radio systems along with their applications.

7M

4. a) Discuss the principle of receiver. 8M b) Write short notes on VHF communication system.

7M

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain the working principle of VOR. 8M b) What is the purpose of marker beacon in ILS system?

7M

6. a) Explain the principle of distance maturity equipment. 8M b) Explain the VHF omnirange.

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain operation of INS system of an aircraft. 8M b) What is inertial navigation? Explain the principle of operation.

7M

8. a) Explain ground proximity warning system. 7M b) Explain collision avoidance system.

8M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the fly by wire technology. 8M b) Write a note on ARINC 429. 7M

10. a) Explain FMS in detail. 8M b) Explain the purpose of a flight director system. 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) HEAT TRANSFER



UNIT – I

1. a) What is the driving potential for heat transfer? What are the analogies associated with heat transfer?

5M

b) The wall of an industrial furnace is constructed from 0.15m thick fireclay brick having a thermal conductivity of 1.7W/m-K. Measurements made during steady-state operation reveal temperatures of 1400K and 1150K at the inner and outer surfaces respectively. What is the rate of heat loss through a wall that is 0.5m by 12m on a side?

10M

2. a) What is Fourier law and write its equation? If heat transfer by conduction occurs through a medium under steady-state condition, will the temperature at a particular instant vary with location in the medium`

5M

b) Humans are able to control their heat production rate and heat loss rate to maintain a nearly constant core temperature of Tc=37oC under a wide range of environmental conditions. This process is called thermo-regulation. From the perspective of calculating heat transfer between a human body and its surroundings. If layer of skin and fat is exposed to the environment and its inner surface at a temperature slightly less than the core temperature, Ti=35oC. Consider a person with a skin/fat layer of thickness L=3mm and effective thermal conductivity k=0.3W/m-K. The person has a surface area A=1.8m2 and is dressed in a bathing suit, with emissivity ε=0.95. When the person is in still at Tȸ=297K, what is the skin surface temperature and rate of heat loss to the environment? 'h' for such condition taken be taken as 2W/m2-K.

10M

UNIT – II

3. a) Explain the term thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. 5M b) A furnace wall is of three layers, first layer of insulation brick of 12cm thick

(k=0.6W/m-K). The face is exposed to gases at 870oC with a convection coefficient of 110W/m2-K. This layer is backed by a 10cm firebrick (k=0.8W/m-K). The third layer is the plate of 10mm (k=49W/m-K). Determine the heat flow, the surface temperatures. Take contact resistance between surface 1 and 2 as 2.6X10-4m2oC/W and between surface 2 and 3 as 1.5X10-4 m2oC/W.

10M

4. a) Explain critical thickness of insulation and write down the equation for critical radius for sphere.

5M

b) Cylindrical pieces of size 60mm dia and 60mm length with density of 7800kg/m3, Cp=486J/kg-K, k=43W/m-K are to be heat treated. The pieces at 35oC are placed in a furnace at 800oC with 'h' at the surface as 35 W/m2-K. Determine the time required to heat the pieces to 650oC. If by mistake the pieces were taken out of the furnace after 300 sec, determine the shortfall in the requirements.

10M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – III

5. a) Using dimensional analysis, show that for free convection Nusselt number is a function of Prandtl and Grash off number.

9M

b) A hot square plate, 50cmx50cm, at 1000C is exposed to atmospheric air at 200C. Determine the heat loss from both the surfaces of the plate if it is kept horizontal. Use Nu=0.71(Ra)0.25 for upper surface and Nu=0.3 (Ru)0.25 for lower surface.

6M

6. a) Explain the physical significance of: i. Reynolds number ii. Prandtl number iii. Nusselt number

6M

b) Water at the rate of 50 kg/min is heated from 400C to 600C by passing through a tube of 2.5 cm diameter. Evaluate the length of tube if the surface of tube is at 1000C.

9M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Sketch a pool boiling curve for water and explain briefly the various regimes in boiling heat transfer.

6M

b) Saturated steam at 800C condenses as a film on a vertical plate at a temperature of 700C. Calculate the average heat transfer coefficient and the rate of condensation. Assume that the latent heat of vaporization at 800C as 2309kJ/kg.

9M

8. a) Obtain an expression for LMTD of a parallel flow heat exchanger. State the assumptions made.

6M

b) In a counter flow double pipe heatexchanger, water is heated from 250C to 650C by an oil with a specific heat of 1.45kJ/kgK and mass flow rate of 0.9kg/s. Oil is cooled from 2300C to 1600C. If overall heat transfer coefficient is 420W/m2K, determine i. Rate of heat transfer ii. Mass flow rate of water iii. Surface area of heat exchanger

9M

UNIT – V 9. a) Define Wein's displacement law and obtain the expression for the same from Planck's

law. 7M

b) A furnace cavity, which is in the form of a cylinder of 75mm dia and 150mm length is open at one end to large surroundings that are 27oC. The sides and bottom are approximated as black bodies and heated electrically with good insulation with their temperatures at 1350C and 1650C respectively. How much power is required to maintain the furnace condition?

8M

10. a) What is view factor? What assumptions are associated with computing the view factor between two surfaces?

5M

b) Consider a 20cm dia spherical ball at 800K suspended in air, with ball closely approximated as blackbody. Determine the i. Black body emissive power ii. Total amount of radiation emitted by the ball in 5min iii. The spectral blackbody emissive power at a wavelength of 3.5µm

10M





NANO TECHNOLOGY

(Aeronautical Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Explain the different carbon nanotube structures and their properties. 8M b) Distinguish between top-down and bottom-up approach in the synthesis of nano

materials.

7M

2. a) Write notes on: i. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) ii. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

10M

b) List a few optical properties of nanomaterials.

5M

UNIT – II

3. a) What are carbon nanotubes? Briefly explain the structure of two types of CNT’s Give the properties of CNT’s.

9M

b) Mention the applications of CNT’s.

6M

4. a) Write a brief note on growth mechanisms of single walled CNT. 8M b) Explain the application of CNT in a FET.

7M

UNIT – III

5. With a neat schematic diagram explain the working principle of Scanning Tunneling microscope.

15M

6. a) Explain the working principle of the Atomic Force Microscope. Explain its modes of operation.

9M

b) Write a short note on ion sputtering. Mention its advantages over other sputtering techniques.

6M

UNIT – IV

7. Explain the concept of Lab on a chip for bio analysis. State its advantages over conventional analysis methods.

15M

8. Mention the factors considered for the selection of materials for cancer treatment. List out the advantages of using nanoparticles over conventional medicines.

15M

UNIT – V

9. What is Lithography? With a neat schematic diagram and explain the steps involved in photolithography.

15M

10. a) Explain the process of obtaining thin film of SiO2 by oxidation. 9M b) Write a short note on dip pen lithography. 6M





REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS

(Civil Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. a) Discuss with a neat sketch the electromagnetic spectrum and the spectral regions. 8M b) Discuss about the wavelength regions and their applications in remote sensing.

7M

2. a) Discuss about the basic radiation laws. 8M b) Explain the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the atmosphere.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Explain the principle of determination of height of an object using relief displacement. Derive the equation to determine the height of an object using relief displacement with a neat figure.

10M

b) What are the differences between aerial photographs and maps?

5M

4. a) Discuss about the parallax measurement for heights. 7M b) Discuss about the types of aerial photogrammetry and elaborate on the principles of

aerial photogrammetry. 8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain briefly the data input techniques of GIS with their advantages and limitations. 8M b) Explain the types of map projections based on developable surface.

7M

6. a) Explain briefly Raster and Vector data with their characteristics. 8M b) Explain different spatial data sources of GIS with examples.

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Discuss about: i. CAM ii. VAM

8M

b) Discuss about integrated analysis of spatial data and attribute data.

7M

8. a) Discuss about the attribute data storage. 8M b) Explain the method of principle component analysis in multi-image manipulation. 7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the application of Remote sensing for flood studies/flood management. 8M b) Explain the application of RS and GIS for water shed management.

7M

10. a) Explain the applications of RS and GIS for identification of artificial recharge structures. 8M b) Explain RS and GIS applications in:

i. Bathymetry ii. Fluvial Geomorphology

7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) FINITE ELEMENT METHODS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

(Civil Engineering) Date: 18 November, 2015 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


UNIT – I

1. a) Discuss the advantages and limitations of finite element method of structural analysis. 8M b) List the steps involved in the finite element method of analysis.

7M

2. a) List the various aspects to be considered while discretizing a structure for finite element analysis.

5M

b) Determine the deflection of a simply supported beam of length ‘L’ and loaded with a uniformly distributed load of intensity ‘w’ over its entire length by Rayleigh-Ritz method. Use a trial function sin( / )y a x L .

10M

UNIT – II

3. a) Explain axisymmetric problems with examples. 5M b) Using polynomial function, determine the shape function for 2 noded beam element.

10M

4. Find nodal displacements, stresses in the elements for structure shown in Fig.1. ESteel = 200 GPa, ECopper = 100 GPa.

Fig.1

15M

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain the step ‘selection of displacement model’ in finite element analysis. 5M b) Derive the shape function for CST element. Use natural Coordinate system. Plot the

variation of shape functions.

10M

6. a) Write short notes on natural coordinate system. 5M b) Find the shape functions for triangular element at the point P(6, 5).

Fig.2

Cont…2

10M

:: 2 ::

UNIT – IV

7. Derive the element stiffness matrix .Tk B D B dv 15M

8. a) What are isoparametric, superisoparametric, subisoparametric elements? 7M b) Determine the Cartesian coordinate of the point ‘P’ (r = 0.5, s = 0.6) shown in Fig.3.

Fig.3

8M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain static condensation method of eliminating degrees of freedom. 7M b) Evaluate the integral by using three point Gauss quadrature.

13 2

1

3I x x x dx

8M

10. Derive the strain displacement matrix for axisymmetric problems. 15M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-II



UNIT – I

1. a) Define and explain air pollution. Tabulate the main constituents of clean atmospheric air.

8M

b) Describe the general classification of air pollution sources. Name the major sources of natural air pollution.

7M

2. a) What are the harmful effects of following air pollutants on human health and plants? i. Oxides of sulphur ii. Oxides of nitrogen

8M

b) Explain the cause and effects of inversion of atmosphere.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) What is the principle of ultrafiltration? Explain its advantages. 8M b) Explain the process of equalization of industrial waste water.

7M

4. a) Explain the process of Reverse osmosis of waste water. 8M b) Explain the process of defluoridation.

7M

UNIT – III

5. a) Explain different methods of volume reduction. 10M b) Distinguish between nitrification and denitrification in waste water treatment.

5M

6. a) Compare volume reduction and strength reduction processes in waste water treatment.

5M

b) Explain the methods of neutralization.

10M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain briefly importance of solid waste management. 8M b) List the sources and types of waste generated from each source.

7M

8. a) Explain physical and chemical composition of municipal solid waste. 7M b) Explain with neat sketch stationary and haul container system for collection of

municipal solid waste.

8M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the impact of improper disposal of nuclear and chemical waste on environment.

7M

b) List and explain the methods for disposal of biomedical waste.

8M

10. a) List and explain the characteristics of hazardous waste. 10M b) Define half life period and explain the radioactivity effects on environment. 5M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING



UNIT – I

1. a) Discuss the saturation method of highway planning. 8M b) What are the salient features of III road plan?

7M

2. a) List and explain factors controlling the geometric design of roads. 8M b) Design the rate of super elevation for a horizontal highway curve of radius 500m and

speed of 100kmph.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) Mention advantages and disadvantages of rotary intersections. 7M b) With sketches explain types of traffic island.

8M

4. a) What are the basic requirements of at grade intersections? 7M b) Mention advantages and disadvantages grade separators.

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Mention the types of regulatory signs and explain briefly. 7M b) A vehicle of weight 30tonnes skids through a distance equal to 50m, before colliding

with another parked vehicle of weight 3tonnes. After collision, both the vehicles skid through a distance equal to 16m, before stopping. Determine the speed of the vehicle assuming f=0.5. i. After collision ii. At collision iii. Before collision

8M

6. a) What are the different methods of maintaining accident records? Briefly explain with sketches.

8M

b) What are the objects and scope of traffic engineering? Explain briefly.

7M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Discuss with a neat sketch the permanent way. 8M b) Explain the requirements of sleepers.

7M

8. a) Explain different gradients in railway track. 8M b) Determine equilibrium cant on a BG line with the curve of 70 for a speed of 50kmph.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain the factors which influence the airport site selection. 8M b) Calculate the actual length of runway from the following data:

Airport elevation 150m Airport reference temperature 24OC Runway length required for landing at sea level 2100m Runway length required for takeoff at level site at sea level 2500m Temperature in the standard atmosphere for 150m 14.025OC Runway slope 0.5%

7M

10. a) Explain the various geometrics of taxiway. 7M b) Write a brief note on Airport classifications. 8M




(Regulations: VCE-R11) PAVEMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN



UNIT – I

1. a) Point out the difference between the flexible and rigid pavement with respect to design, construction and maintenance.

7M

b) Calculate the stress and deflection at the bottom of pavement using Bousineq’s single layer theory. Wheel load=50kN, thickness of pavement=30cm, E=100kN/mm2, Tyre pressure=1N/mm2.

8M

2. a) Stating the assumptions made in then analysis of Burmister’s two layer theory, point out the difference between the single layer theory and two layer theory.

8M

b) Design the flexible pavement by Burmister’s two layer theory for a wheel load of 40kN and tyre pressure of 0.5MN/mm2, the modulus of elasticity of pavement is 150MN/m2 and that of sub grade is 30MN/m2. Assume F=0.15.

7M

UNIT – II

3. a) What are the factors affecting the temperature differential in rigid pavements? 7M b) Compute the radius of relative stiffness and the equivalent radius of 15cm thick cement

concrete slab using the following data: Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete=2.1x105kgs/cm2, Poisson’s ration for concrete is 0.15, Modulus of subgrade reaction, K is i. 20kgs/cm3 ii. 7.5 kgs/cm3

8M

4. a) Discuss the factors causing warping stresses in rigid pavements. 7M b) Using the data given below, calculate the wheel load stresses at

i. Interior ii. Edge iii. Corner regions of a cement concrete pavement using Westergaard’s stress equations. Also determine the probable location where the crack is likely to develop due to corner loading. Wheel load P=5100kg Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete E=3.0x105kg/cm2 Pavement thickness h=25cm Poisson’s ration of concrete μ=0.15 Modulus of subgrade reaction K=12.0kgs/cm3 Radius of contact area a=16cm

8M

UNIT – III

5. a) Discuss the scope of soil stabilization in road construction. 7M b) Design a new flexible pavement for a two lane undivided carriageway using the

following data using IRC method: Design CBR of subgrade = 5.0 percent Initial traffic on completion of construction = 300cv per day Average growth rate = 6.0% per year Design life = 10years VDF value = 2.5

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) Explain the principle, scope and factors affecting the properties of soil lime

stabilization. 7M

b) Design a flexible pavement using CBR charts. Soaked CBR of subgrade is 5%, CBR of laterite subbase is 15%, WBM base is 95% and number of commercial vehicles per day in September 2013 is 400 VPD. Design life is 15years, annual rate of increase in vehicles is 8%, road is proposed to be completed in September 2015.

8M

UNIT – IV

7. a) Explain the requirements of aggregate in the construction. 5M b) The specific gravity and weight proportions for aggregate and bitumen are as under for

the preparation of marshal mix design. The volume and weight of one marshal specimen was found to be 425cc and 1100gram. Assuming absorption of bitumen and aggregate is zero. Find i. Volume of voids Vv ii. Volume of bitumen Vb iii. Volume of voids in mineral aggregates Vma iv. Volume of voids filled with bitumenVFB

Weight of aggregate /bitumen in grams 825 1200 325 150 100

Specific gravity 2.63 2.51 2.46 2.43 1.05

10M

8. a) Explain in details the specification of materials, construction method adopted in the bituminous concrete pavement.

8M

b) What is optimum bitumen content? Explain Marshal Stability test.

7M

UNIT – V

9. a) Explain in detail the causes, types and preventive measures in the failure of flexible pavements.

10M

b) What is mud pumping? Explain the causes of occurrence due to mud pumping.

5M 10. a) What is frost action? Explain in detail the causes of occurrence, factors affecting the

frost action and preventing measures taken. 8M

b) What is overlay? Explain any one method of designing the overlay. 7M

vardhaman college of engineering · 2018. 12. 10. · unit – iv 7. a) define and explain state...

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