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Slide 2 Variety of waters in Poland Slide 3 The Contents Page Water Waters in Poland Coastal waters Rivers in Poland Character of rivers Main rivers Precipitation in Poland Precipitation chart Lakes The largest lakes in Poland Underground waters Map of the underground waters Mineralized underground water Swamps and peat bogs Organisms living in Polish waters Quality of Polish water Quality chart of Polish waters The chart of clean waters in Poland Slide 4 Water appears in the nature in various forms - states of aggregation There are three states of consistence: solid (glaciers), gasous (water vapour, clouds) and liquid (seas, oceans, rivers) permanent water circulation in nature changes its state of aggregation Living organisms consist of it. is necessary for animals and plantss life Water is the base of life on the Earth Slide 5 Water in Poland System of waters was formed in earlier Tertiary and Quaternary Poland hasnt got much water, because there is a low level of precipitation and some of the underground waters flow immediately into the sea Regions rich in water: Wielkopolskie Lake District, especially Kujawy, a part of Mazowiecka Lowland, Podlaska Lowland, lska and Kielecka Highlands Slide 6 Coastal waters Two big gulfs of Baltic Sea belong to coastal waters in Poland: Gdaska (with Pucka Gulf and Wilany Gulf) Pomorska (with Szczeciski Gulf) Slide 7 Rivers in Poland 99,7% of rivers flow down into the Baltic Sea 0,2% rivers flow down into the Black Sea 0,1% rivers flow down into the North Sea Slide 8 Tha Wisa river nearby Modlin: the mouth of the Narew and the Bug. Slide 9 Character of rivers The Polish river system is asimetrical it is due to general descent of the surface of the country in the north-west direction. This is also because of the development of the surface of the country in Tertiary and Quaternary. There is a mighty dense river system in Karpaty Mountains and Sudety Mountains (there is a great support of rains, varied shape of the surface) There is four times rarer river system in the highlands made of carbonate rocks. There is a dense river system in the lowlands, where there are permeable rocks. Slide 10 The Wisa valley nearby Toru. Slide 11 There are 90000 hectares of rivers in Poland Snowfalls and rainfalls strengthen Polish rivers. High level of water appears : in spring, when snow melts in summer season (from the end of June to mid July) The lowest level of waters (so called niwki) usually appears: In summer-autumn (from August to October) In winter season, in the Carpathians and Lubelska Highland. Slide 12 The Wisa nearby Warsaw (Mociny). Slide 13 In winter the rivers freeze. Average period of ice cover duration osscilate from 1 month in the West to 3 months in the East; In the South ice cover lasts longer than in the North The water level in lowland rivers changes form 2 to 3 metres,and in mountain rivers from 6 to 9 metres. Slide 14 The Wisa oxbow Slide 15 Main rivers RiverTotal length Length in Poland Total areaArea in Poland Wisa1047 km 194,3 thousand km 2 168,6 thousand km 2 Odra854 km742 km119,1 thousand km 2 106,2 thousand km 2 Warta808 km 54,6 thousand km 2 Bug772 km587 km39,4 thousand km 2 19,3 thousand km 2 Slide 16 The Odra valley. Slide 17 Precipitation in Poland Average annual precipitation is 600 mm 2/3 of annual precipitation is in the warm season (summer) 1/3 of annual precipitation is in winter The highest precipitation is in the mountains The lowest precipitation is in Central Poland Most of snowfall appear in January Snow in The Beskidy Mountains and The Sudety Mountains appears since September Snow in The Tatra Mountains rarely appears in summer season Snow cover is even 1-2 metres thick in the mountains. Slide 18 Slide 19 Lake niardwy Slide 20 Lakes There are about 9300 lakes in Poland Lakes take up 3,2 thousand km2 (about 1% Poland area) and their total volume is 17,4 km3 They are placed irregularly Most of lakes (83% of general number and 95%of area) are dated back to the postice age and concentrate generally in lake districts: A.Pomorskie Lake District - 3381 small lakes B.Mazurskie Lake District- 2061 big lakes C.Wielkopolskie Lake District - 1347 of different area D.The deepest lake - Hacza(108,5m) That are mostly post glaciers lakes. Slide 21 There are also lakes in Poland which: were formed by mountain glaciers and they are in The Tatra Mountains (on the Polish side, there are 11 lakes over the surface of 1 ha) and TheKarkonosze Mountains (2 lakes) are coastal lakes (ebsko Lake, Gardno Lake) are oxbow lakes (in larger rivers valley) are mid dune lakes (especially numerous nearby Warta and Note Valleys) are karst lakes (czysko Wodawskie Lake District) are delta lakes (Dbie Lake at the mouth of The Odra, Druzno Lake at the mouth of the Wisa river) Slide 22 Morskie Oko glacier lake Slide 23 The largest lakes in Poland LakeArea Lake niardwy113,4 km 2 Lake Mamry102,8 km 2 Lake ebsko71 km 2 Slide 24 Lake Jamno Slide 25 Underground waters The appearance of underground waters in Poland is keeping mainly with the shape of geological structures and aqulizers (freatic waters) and as a result they are on different level of depth. 75% of renewable resources of underground waters in Poland are in water layers from Quaternary. Their number increases from south to north (that are porous waters) In the areas of central and north Poland the main aqualizers consist of mid-morains sediments (sand and gravel). Among impermeable rock layers, in geological basins, there are water under the hydrostatic pressure (so called artesian waters) Slide 26 Karst waters are the special type of underground waters, filling slits in permeable carbonate rocks( Krakowsko- Czstochowska Highland, Niecka Nidziaska, West Tatra Mountains); they are appearing on the surface as abundant water spring, so called wywierzyska (karst springs). The resources of underground waters are not known; it is assumed that the resources of ground waters amount 76,5 km 3 ; Annually, the amount of about 1/3 of the resources is renewed. Slide 27 Recourses of underground waters big medium small very small Slide 28 Mineralized underground waters Waters flowing from deeper rock layers are usually stronger mineralized. Following kinds of mineral waters in Poland: I.brine water (Koobrzeg, Ciechocinek, Inowrocaw), II.sulfuric water (Busko-Zdrj, Solec-Zdrj), III.ferrious water (Naczw), IV.carbonated acidulous mineral waters (Krynica, egiestw, Polanica-Zdrj); V.thermal springs, for example Cieplice lskie- Zdrj (44C), Ldek-Zdrj (29C), Duszniki- Zdrj (19C). Slide 29 Swamps and peat bogs Swamps and peat bogs occupy 14,7 thousand km 2 (4,7% Poland area) and stores about 23 km 3 of water There are peat bogs and swamps in northern and eastern Poland, in Biebrza and Narew Valley There are 100 artificial basins besides the natural ones Slide 30 Swamp Slide 31 Organisms living in Polish waters In the fresh water there live mammals like : otter and many species of birds: grebes, ducks, gulls (from Baltic Sea the common gull and the silver gull). The most often species of birds are : yska, grebe and duck krzywka In the past, when the rivers in Poland werent poisoned, in Wisa lived sturgeon, stream trout, salmon, sea trout Typical fish for clean water : bleak, roach, bream, tench, carp, prech, pike, eel. Crucian carp and wels are immune for polutions.. Slide 32 In deep lakes with great amount of oxygen, live: pike-perch, whitefish, vendace Baltic Sea is scanty in water animals, because of low water salinity on Polish coasts (5 times lower than typical ocean salinity): 1.There arent any typical groups of water animal, for example cephalopods 2.There are only some of snails and mussels and 1 common species of medusa 3.Baltic mussels and medusas are smaller than in North Sea 4.Very common is crustacean (relict from Ice Age) similar to centipede. 5.Cod, herring, sprat, some of species flounder, salmon and eel are also fished. 6.Seals: grey and common appear very seldom. Slide 33 Swans Slide 34 The plants in Polish lakes Grel ty Rdestnica poyskujca Rdest ziemnowodny Jaskier wodny Strzaka wodna Slide 35 The animals in Polish lakes Mitus Roach Mulik Crayfish Slide 36 Classification of water quality Waters divide into: I class water about 3% length of rivers II class water about 15% length of rivers III class water about 30% length of rivers Other waters - less than 50% length of rivers Water quality in lakes is decreasing, because much pollution flow into lakes and rivers. Slide 37 Classification of water quality in Poland Slide 38 Slide 39 THE END Slide 40 Authors: Marta Brzska Marta Brzska Katarzyna Harlak Katarzyna Harlak Magda Heflich Magda Heflich Justyna Soszka Justyna Soszka Piotr Szypua Piotr Szypua Damian Wydra Damian Wydra