VARNISH

Dayang Nursyifaa Bt Azizan (D20131063845)

Nuradilla Bt Rosli (D20131063854)

Nur Asmidar Bt Musa (D20131063853)

INTRODUCTION

MEDIVIAL LATIN

GREEKGREEK

OLD FRANCH

Veronix (odorous resin)

Berenice Berenike

Vernis

MIDDLE ENGLISH

VARNISH

INTRODUCTION• Varnish is a transparent, hard and protective coating material that

dries by a solvent evaporation process, followed by polymerization and oxidation of drying oil and resin.

• Varnish has little or no color , is transparent, and has no added pigment, it is opposed to paints or wood stains which contain pigment.

• Function of varnish same as a paint.

HISTORY

• Early varnishes were developed by mixing resin with a solvent and applying them with a brush to get golden and hardened effect one sees in today’s varnishes.

• The ancient Egyptians were well acquainted with the art of varnishing.

• Resins have been around for thousands of years and have served many different purposes. Frankincense and myrrh were resins, and many of these substances were used for medicinal purposes, food glazing agents and adhesives. Many types of incense were made from resins, and specific resins were used for religious ceremonies.

COMPONENT OF VARNISH

Solid resin (natural or synthetic)

Eg: Amber, kauri gum, dammar, copal, pine resin (rosin), sandarac, balsams, elemi, mastic, shellac and others. Drying oil

Eg: Linseed oil , tong oil, and walnut oil.Solvent

Eg: Natural (organic) turpentine ,but has been replaced by several mineral based turpentine substitutes such as white spirit or ‘paint thinner ‘ also known as’ mineral spirit’.

Desiccant (quick drying)

What is Resin ?• In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a "solid or

highly viscous substance" of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers.

• Resin is a hydrocarbon secretion that comes from many different types of plants. It also comes from many types of coniferous trees, like pine trees.

• The resin acts as a bandage protecting the plant from invading insects and pathogens

TYPES OF VARNISH

Oil Varnishes

• Composition contains drying oil in the making process.

• Resin : Amber and copal• Drying oil: Linseed oil

Spirit Varnishes

• Composition contains solid resin, volatile and non-volatile solvent .

• Easy to dry• Resin : Shellac• Solvent: Methylated spirit of wine

OIL VARNISH

Long Oil Varnish• Many oil composition.

• Ratio of

• Required a long time to dry.

• Used for outdoor furniture and mast.

• Example: Spar-Varnish

• Resistant to weather and provide elasticity properties.

Oil : resin = 3 : 1 or 4.5 : 1

Medium Oil Varnish • Ratio of

• Suitable for floor.

Oil : resin = 2 : 1 or 3 : 1

Short Oil Varnish• Ratio of

• Easily volatile

• No hole makes it less permeable and hard.

• Resistant to alcohol, alkali and acid.

• Less elastic and fragile.

• Used for furniture.

Oil : resin = 1 : 3 or 2 : 1

SPIRIT VARNISH

Shellac• Shellac is a very widely used

single-component resin varnish that is alcohol-soluble.

• It is not used for outdoor surfaces.

• The source of shellac resin is a brittle or flaky secretion of the female lac insect, Kerria lacca, found in the forests of Assam and Thailand.

APPLICATION OF VARNISH

Long Oil Varnish

Medium Oil Varnish

Short Oil Varnish

Also use in musical instruments…

ISSUES ON VARNISH

ARTIST DIES AFTER REGULARLY SPRAYING VARNISH ON HIS PAINTINGS IN A ROOM WITHOUT VENTILATION 

• He used the product Brass lac in a confined upstairs room, on his oil painting.

• While using the product, he wore a dust mask which not suitable for that type of product.

• He was seen staggering before the fall, in which he suffered unsurvivable brain injuries.

• He died on December 30, 2008, in intensive care at Bradford Royal Infirmary, six days after falling.

Govinder Nazran

FRANCE PROPOSES LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR FORMALDEHYDE IN

FURNITURE

• French Environment Law stipulates that building and furnishing products, wall and floor coverings, paints and varnishes that emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are subject to labeling requirements.

• The Draft Order contains important technical information :Providing 2 methods for testing :- Method 1 : Emission Test Chamber- Method 2 : Emission from wood-based panels• Information on the label and its format. The label can be in color or

black & white4 classes of formaldehyde emission standards : A+,A,B and C.

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Volatile : these chemicals evaporate or can easily get into the air at room temperature.

Organic : these chemicals are carbon based.

Examples : Formaldehyde, toluene, benzene.

What is VOCs???

How VOCs affect human health??Short-term exposure to high levels of some VOCs can cause:

• Headaches

• Dizziness

• Drowsiness

• Nausea

• Eye and respiratory irritation

A+ very low emission

C high emission

BELGIUM REGULATES FOOD CONTACT VARNISHES AND COATINGS

• Belgium has published a royal decree on varnishes and coatings intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.

• Migration limit into food cannot exceed 10mg per decimeter squared (dm2).

• The country's Federal Service of Health, Food Chain Security and Environment will enforce the decree by 1st January 2017.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF VARNISH

Resin is heated (280-290°C)Mixture produced is cooked to

ensure they mixed wellThe quality of varnish

produced is being tested

MARKET RESEARCH ON VARNISH

World Production of Paints and Coatings (2014)• China has been years become the largest

coatings producing and consuming country where the size of the Chinese coatings market has grown by over 5,600 million liters since 2008.

• United States, Europe, and Japan production is correlates with the health of the economy, especially housing, construction, and transportation.

• In Japan, the consumption of paints and coatings will experience relatively slow growth during this period (0.5%), as a result of no growth in major markets such as automotive OEM, machinery, and appliances.

• Asian Pacific emerging as largest regional market and accounting for more than 55% of global market value.

• China and US form the two largest paints and coating markets ($53.3 billion & 21.3 respectively).

• Architectural and decorative segment was the largest in the global paints and coating markets, accounting for 51.1% of its total value.

• The global paints and coatings market was worth USD 121.9 billion in 2013 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% during 2014 to 2020, to reach estimated value of USD 176.5 billion in 2020.

• This is due to:

Increment of global population which escalate the demand for new house every year.

Increment market for consumer goods and automobiles