varspeed icem rev1 part1+2
TRANSCRIPT
Imagination at work
Variable Speed Pumped Storage
Dr. Alexander SchwerySeptember 5th, 2016 Lausanne
GE Proprietary Information – Class II (Internal)
Advantages - Developments - Status
Advantages of Varspeed
Seasonal storage• Higher prices for production in
winter than summer• Large capacity• Small variation in head• Less operation changes
Grand-Dixance• 385 Mio m3
www.grande-dixance.chP S W N a n t d e D r a n c e I 1 5 . J u n i 2 0 0 7 I P a g e 4 I
B l i c k a u f E m o s s o n v o n V ie u x E m o s s o n a u s
Pumped storage once and today
Weekly and daily storage• Volatile prices of electrical
energy• Smaller capacities• Large head variation• Many changes in operating
conditions
Nant-de-Drance• 11.4 Mio m3
www.nant-de-drance.ch
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Advantages of variable speed pumping
Higher head variation• More possible sites become
economically interesting
Discharge
Head
nrated
nmin
nmax
Adjustable power• Also in pump mode the power
can be adjusted• Primary frequency control in
pump modeHead
PowerPump Range
Turbine Range
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Advantages of variable speed (outlook)Conventional PSP
Varspeed PSP
Power set point
Power response
Power set point
Speed response
Power response
Power set point
Power set point
Power response
Power set point
Speed response
Power response
Power set point
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Developments
Pump-turbine
Electrical machine
VSI - Power electronics
Control system / Protection
�Development of a new generation of pumped storage plants
Varspeed PSP main components
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Synchronous machine
DFIG machine
Classical PSP
Varspeed PSP
Double fed Induction Generator
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Testing of brushes
Electrical machine development (extract)
Dimensioning - Performances
• Dimensioning tool− Electromagnetics− Main and detail dimensions− Temperatures− Losses
• Detailed analyses− CFD for cooling and
ventilation− 3d electromagnetic
computation− 3d mechanical computation
• Simulations− Grid interaction− Real time hardware in the loop
for control and protection
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Testing of brushes
Rotor of the Linthal 2015 PSP project (Switzerland)
Electrical machine development (extract)
Validation of components
• Full scale model of rotor
• Testing of individual parts− Slip rings and brushes− Retaining bolts− Installation of bars− Rotor winding
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Testing of brushes
Electrical machine development (extract)
Rotor Winding Insulation System
• Critical − PD because of air distances− Surface voltage on bars
• Innovation – new grading system− Grounded insulation caps− High conductive tapes
⇒ No visible PD, no damages, no temperature rise
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Converter Specification
Conditions to be considered- Best efficiency speed in
turbine mode- Power range in pump
mode- Transmission Code- Starting requirements- …
� Impact on converter and generator design
Converter
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Power range - Speed range - Inverter Voltage
Iterative interdisciplinary optimization required
� Power range in pump mode� Efficiency in turbine mode� Converter voltage range� Rotor insulation system
Pump – Motor – Converter
Pump Range
Head
Po
wer
Turbine Range
Pump Range
Po
wer
Speed Variation
Turbine Range
Vo
ltag
e
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Transmission Code – entso-e
Converter
• Different requirements in different countries
• Fault Ride Through- 3 phase short circuit at
connection point- 150 milliseconds
� Impact on speed range� Converter must be sized
accordingly
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Converter
Transmission Code – Fault ride through
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Starting requirements
Converter
Start up time depends on- Friction torque- Converter voltage
� Required start up time has an impact on the converter design
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
IEEE, optimization of startup time …, Pannatier
Start-up Procedure
Step 1: magnetization and start-up in fully-fed operation (high flux-weakening)
IM
S3
18 kV
400 kV
S1
S4
S2
Pump
Step 1 Step 2
t [s]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
roto
r fr
eque
ncy
50Step 3
demagnetization of machine to open S3 without current
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Step 2: magnetization and synchronization with grid
IM
S3
18 kV
400 kV
S1
S4
S2
Pump
Step 1 Step 2
t [s]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
roto
r fr
eque
ncy
50Step 3
Start-up Procedure
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Step 3: acceleration to reference speed in doubly-fed operation mode
IM
S3
18 kV
400 kV
S1
S4
S2
Pump
Step 1 Step 2
t [s]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
roto
r fr
eque
ncy
50Step 3
Start-up Procedure
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Specific development for Rotor Protection
• Specific requirements– Low frequency currents on the rotor
during start up and braking– GE policy: rotor protection
independent from VSI control system
• New protection relay– Non-conventional instrument
transformers for low frequency signals
– Active earth fault protection(non sinusoidal voltages and low frequency currents)
Alstom protection relay
Protection of Varspeed units
ICEM, development of a novel …, WechslerVariable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
• Dedicated controller to guide excitation and governor • Best efficiency and dynamic control mode• Frequency and Voltage regulation
System validation – real time simulations
Structure of Alstom control system
Control structure of Varspeed units
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
• Real time test bench− Real hardware controllers− Hydraulic and electrical machines
simulated in real time
• Checking of interfaces between controllers
• Optimization of sequences
System validation – real time simulations
Control structure of Varspeed units
Real time testing in cooperation with GE Energy
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Status
Project Linthal 2015 (Axpo, Switzerland)
Power 4 x 250 MWHead 560-724 mSpeed 500 ± 6 % rpm
Source: Axpo
Muttsee2450 m a.s.l. 25 Mio m3
Limmernsee1857 m a.s.l. 92 Mio m3
Cavern1700m a.s.l.
Variable Speed PSPProject Execution
Source: Axpo
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Machine data Linthal
Number of units 4
Apparent power 280 MVA
speed 470–530 min-1
Rated head 700 m
Starting time in turbine mode 120 s
Starting time in pump mode 240 s
Rated voltage 18 kV
Rotor diameter 4672 mm
Weight of complete shaft arrangement
410 t+60 t
converter power (AC excitation) 34 MW
First machine synchronized Dec. 2015
Project Linthal 2015 (Axpo, Switzerland)
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Supply chain and transportation
• Deliverables from Alstom factories and supplier− Supervision and inspection− Quality and scheduling− Transport
• Transport at site (cavern)− Road haulage− Cable car and access tunnel
• Site assembly− Incoming goods− Space available− Work preparation
Office and warehouse
Transportation of spiral case Spiral case at cable car in cavern
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Project Linthal 2015 (Axpo, Switzerland)
P/T head cover (Baroda, India)
Manufacturing
P/T runner (Grenoble, France) Stator and rotor bars (Birr, Switzerland)
Spherical valve (Grenoble, France) Stator laminations (Baroda, India)
Slip ring (Bilbao, Spain)
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Project Linthal 2015 (Axpo, Switzerland)
Erection of electrical machine- Impressions
Motor Generator Stator
Motor Generator RotorMotor Generator
Project Linthal 2015 (Axpo, Switzerland)
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016
Conclusion
• Varspeed power plants offer essential advantages to grid operators and power plant owners
• Specific developments were done on the machine level but also in the systems surrounding it
• The optimization of Pump-Turbine, Motor-Generator and Converter requires an in-depth understanding of all major components and interfaces
Variabe speed pumped storage
Variable speed pumped storage – ICEM – AS - September 2016