vayikra-first half of sh’mini

Vayikra Through Half of Sh’mini HODF 10/2017 By Beth Mehaffey

Vayikra-First Half of Sh’mini

Leviticus 1:1-10:20

In this lesson, we are covering the following parashot:

• Vayikra (He called) – Leviticus 1:1-5:26 (6:7)

• Tzav (Give an order) – Leviticus 6:1 (8) – 8:36

• Sh’mini (Eighth) – Is normally, Leviticus 9:1-11:47; however, we will stop at Leviticus 10:20. Although we covered much in Exodus, we will look at the following as a modified chiasm minus the material already covered:

Exodus 29:1-37 Detailed instructions for 7-day consecration of priests given. Exodus 32 Making and worshiping (bringing offerings to) a golden calf resulted in the death of 3,000. Following this, the Levites were commanded to consecrate themselves to YHVH so they could receive a blessing that day. (This was a general consecration for the Levites.) This was followed by the making the Tabernacle and its furnishings for the eventual raising and worship of YHVH through sacrificial offerings. Exodus 40:12-16 states Moses did as he was commanded for the 7-day consecration of priests; no details given.

Instructions for offerings – 5 basic types of sacrifices

• Description of each kind of sacrifice (Leviticus 1:1-6:7 [1:2-5:26])

o Whole burnt offering = Olah (עלה)

o Grain offering = Minchah (מנחה)

▪ Peace offering = Shelamim ( ש למים) (Center: Reconciliation, peace, and fellowship are the goal of sacrifices)

o Sin offering = Chattat (חט את)

o Guilt offering = Asham (אש ם)

• Laws of each kind of sacrifice (Leviticus 6:8-7:36 [6:1-7:36]) o Whole burnt offering

▪ Grain offering (Described as most holy) ▪ Sin offering (Described as most holy) ▪ Guilt offering (Described as most holy)

o Peace offering

Leviticus 8:1-20 Instructions for 7-day consecration of priests carried out; details given. This was what was done in Exodus 40:12-16.


Events of 8th day followed the 7-day consecration period: First day of ministry ends in tragedy; Nadab and Abihu offered strange fire and died. For some reason, this incident parallels the deaths of those involved with the worship of the golden calf. The priesthood carries out their priestly duties.

We will:

1. Compare the offerings as they pertain to the people and the priests (tables with orange headers). 2. Compare the variations in procedure of each kind of offering (tables with blue headers). 3. See how other portions of Scripture embody the sacrifices (tables with green headers). 4. Look at the consecration of the priests for sacrifices and tabernacle work (table with purple header). 5. Compare approaching God in the past versus the present (table with aqua header). 6. Compare purpose and means of atonement (table with pink header).

Introduction:

Leviticus tells us how to approach/come near (from the verb: קרב [karav]) YHVH with an offering ( קרב ן; korban). This is a general term for

offering; each kind of offering has its own name. The root קרב is the same for both of these words. It is the offerings (korbanot) that make it

possible for us to approach/draw near to YHVH. Note: The word korban (or corban) is seen in certain translations of Mark 7:11 as being a gift to God. Yeshua’s death on the cross typified all of these offerings. Let’s look at the primary offerings…

I. Comparison of the offerings as they pertain to the people and the priests.

Daily Offerings Numbers 28:3-8

Note the following parallel:

• Two male lambs in their first year without blemish as burnt offerings (עלה).

• The one lamb you shall offer in the morning, the other lamb you shall offer in the evening.

• Accompanied by a one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering (מנחה) mixed with one-fourth of a hin of pressed oil. and its drink

offering ( נסך) shall be one-fourth of a hin for each lamb; in a holy place you shall pour out the drink to the Lord as an offering.

• The other lamb you shall offer in the evening;


• as the morning grain offering and its drink offering, you shall offer it as an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord.

Whole Burnt Offering = Olah (עלה)

Leviticus 1:2-17


Leviticus 6:8-13 (6:1-6)

May be of:

• The herd: bull without blemish

• The flock: male sheep or goat without blemish

• Birds: turtledoves or young pigeons Offeror places his hand on head of bull. In this particular offering, this act seems to represent God’s sovereignty over His creation and His willingness to convey rulership to man. Offeror kills: Bull: Before YHVH at door of the tabernacle of meeting. Sheep or goat: Before YHVH on the north side of the altar. Priest brings: Birds to the altar, wrings its neck. Its blood is drained at the side of the altar. He removes the crop and feathers and casts it beside the altar on the east side, into the place for ashes. He shall split it at its wings but not divide it completely. The blood of the bull, sheep, or goat is brought to the altar and sprinkled all around the altar that is by the door of the tabernacle of meeting. The bull is skinned. The bull, sheep, or goat is cut into pieces. The entrails and legs are washed. All of the pieces are placed onto the wood that is on the fire upon the altar. The split birds are burned on the wood on the altar. Priestly portion: Skin of the burnt offering.

The law of the burnt offering:

• The burnt offering shall be on the hearth upon the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning on it.

• And the priest shall put on his linen garment, and his linen trousers he shall put on his body, and take up the ashes of the burnt offering which the fire has consumed on the altar, and he shall put them beside the altar.

• Then he shall take off his garments, put on other garments, and carry the ashes outside the camp to a clean place.

• And the fire on the altar shall be kept burning on it; it shall not be put out.

• **And the priest shall burn wood on it every morning, and lay the burnt offering in order on it; and he shall burn on it the fat of the peace offerings.

• A fire shall always be burning on the altar; it shall never go out.

Leviticus 7:8-9 And the priest who offers anyone's burnt offering, that priest shall have for himself the skin of the burnt offering which he has offered.


** The skin that once covered (atoned) the animal has now been transferred to the priest. ** Leviticus 1:4 indicates that the animal will be accepted to make atonement “for him” -- for the person offering the animal (the one who places his hands on the head of the burnt offering). It doesn’t say it is an atonement for sin or trespasses. *** To understand this atonement, we need to see the thematic pattern parallels.

Grain Offering = Minchah (מנחה)

Leviticus 2:1-16


Leviticus 6:14-23 (6:7-16)

Components:

• Fine flour (no amount specified)

• Oil

• Frankincense

• Salt (of the covenant)

• NO leaven or honey Preparation:

• Baked in oven

• Baked in open pan

• Baked in covered pan Bring to priest who will:

• Take a memorial portion and burn it on the altar.

• The remainder will belong to the priests; it is most holy. It must be eaten in a holy place (within the courtyard).

Priestly portion: Whole grain offering minus the memorial portion.

Firstfruits are handled differently.

• Green heads of grain (beaten from full heads) roasted on the fire.

Memorial portion offered by the sons of Aaron on the altar to YHVH:

• Handful of the fine flour, or a portion of the cake or wafer of the grain offering

• Its oil

• All the frankincense which is on the grain offering

• For a sweet aroma, as a memorial to the Lord. Remainder:

• Aaron and his sons shall eat their portion

• With unleavened bread it shall be eaten in a holy place; in the court of the tabernacle of meeting they shall eat it.

• It is most holy, like the sin offering and the trespass offering.

• All the males among the children of Aaron may eat it. It shall be a statute forever in your generations concerning the offerings made by fire to the Lord.

• Everyone who touches them must be holy. Daily Grain Offering Offered by Priests:

• One-tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a daily grain offering,

• Half of it in the morning and half of it at night.

• It shall be made in a pan with oil. When it is mixed, you shall bring it in. The baked pieces of the grain offering you shall offer for a sweet aroma to the Lord.

• The priest from among his sons, who is anointed in his place, shall offer it.

• It is a statute forever to the Lord.

• It shall be wholly burned.


• Put oil on it and lay frankincense on it.

• Priest will burn memorial portion: part of its beaten grain and part of its oil, with all of the frankincense.

See also Leviticus 23:9-22:

• Day of Firstfruits – 1 sheaf of the firstfruits of the barley harvest to be waved on the day after the Sabbath; grain offering 2/10 of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil. Additional offerings: drink offering, wine ¼ hin; 1 year old male lamb as a burnt offering.

• Feast of Weeks – 2 wave loaves of 2/10th of an ephah, of fine flour, baked with leaven. Additional offerings: drink offerings, 7 lambs of first year without blemish, 1 young bull, and 2 rams as burnt offerings. 1 kid of the goats as sin offering, and 2 male lambs of 1st year as a peace offering are to be waved with the wave loaves.

• For every grain offering for the priest shall be wholly burned.

• It shall not be eaten. Leviticus 7:9-10 Also every grain offering that is baked in the oven and all that is prepared in the covered pan, or in a pan, shall be the priest's who offers it. 10 Every grain offering, whether mixed with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to one as much as the other.

** Leviticus 2:1-16, which is for the grain offering, does NOT indicate that atonement of any kind takes place as a result of offering a grain offering.

Peace Offering = Shelamim ( ש למים)

Leviticus 3:1-17


Leviticus 7:11-36

May be of:

• The herd: male or female without blemish.

• The flock: male or female lamb or goat without blemish.

Offeror places his hand on head of his offering. Here, this could symbolize the anointing of a king, or the anointing of the Ruach HaKodesh; it could also be someone being given into the hands of another. Offeror kills offering:

The law of the sacrifice of peace offerings: For thanksgiving, offer:

• Peace offering

• Unleavened cakes mixed with oil, unleavened wafers anointed with oil, or cakes of blended flour mixed with oil.

• Besides the cakes, as his offering he shall offer leavened bread with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offering.

• And from it he shall offer one cake from each offering as a heave offering to the Lord. It shall belong to the priest who sprinkles the blood of the peace offering.

• The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day it is offered. He shall not leave any of it until morning.


• At the door of/before the tabernacle of meeting.

Blood: Sprinkled all around bronze altar. Priest will: Sprinkle its blood all around on the altar. Offer/Burn the following on the altar:

• Fat tail removed close to the backbone of animals from the flock.

• Fat covering/on entrails

• Kidneys and their fat

• Fatty lobe of the liver Perpetual statue:

• Do not eat fat or blood Priestly portion:

• Breast (wave offering)

• Right thigh (heave offering) Offeror’s portion:

• Only offering that has an offeror’s portion.

• Clean flesh minus the:

• Priestly portions

• Fatty portions including the kidneys and liver.

For vow or voluntary offering:

• This kind of peace offering shall be eaten the same day that he offers his sacrifice; but on the next day the remainder of it also may be eaten;

• The remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day must be burned with fire.

• And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, nor shall it be imputed to him; it shall be an abomination to him who offers it, and the person who eats of it shall bear guilt.

General:

• The flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten. It shall be burned with fire.

• And as for the clean flesh, all who are clean may eat of it.

• But the person who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the Lord, while he is unclean, that person shall be cut off from his people.

• Moreover the person who touches any unclean thing, such as human uncleanness, an unclean animal, or any abominable unclean thing, and who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the Lord, that person shall be cut off from his people.

• You shall not eat any fat, of ox or sheep or goat. The fat of an animal that dies naturally, and the fat of what is torn by wild beasts, may be used in any other way; but you shall by no means eat it. For whoever eats the fat of the animal of which men offer an offering made by fire to the Lord, the person who eats it shall be cut off from his people.

• Moreover you shall not eat any blood in any of your dwellings, whether of bird or beast. Whoever eats any blood, that person shall be cut off from his people.

• He who offers the sacrifice of his peace offering to the Lord shall bring his offering to the Lord from the sacrifice of his peace offering. His own hands shall bring the offerings made by fire to the Lord. The fat with the breast he shall bring, that the breast may be

waved as a wave offering ( ת נו פה) before the Lord.

• And the priest shall burn the fat on the altar, but the breast shall be Aaron's and his sons'.

• Also the right thigh you shall give to the priest as a heave offering (ת רו מה) from the

sacrifices of your peace offerings. He among the sons of Aaron, who offers the blood of the peace offering and the fat, shall have the right thigh for his part. For the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the heave offering I have taken from the children of


Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons from the children of Israel by a statute forever.

Leviticus 7:20-21 20 But the person who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the Lord, while he is unclean, that person shall be cut off from his people. 21 Moreover the person who touches any unclean thing, such as human uncleanness, an unclean animal, or any abominable unclean thing, and who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the Lord, that person shall be cut off from his people.'"

** Leviticus 3:1-17, which is for the peace offering, does NOT indicate that atonement or forgiveness of any kind takes place as a result of offering a peace offering.

Please be aware that the various English Bible translations have their descriptive headings for the sin and guilt offering in different places. The Jewish Bible also known as the TaNaCh (an acronym for the Torah, Prophets, and Writings) and some English Bible translations indicate that the sin offering is found in Leviticus 4:1-5:13 and the guilt offering is found in Leviticus 5:14-19.

Sin Offering = Chattat (חט את)

Leviticus 4:1-5:13


Leviticus 6:24-30 (6:17-23)

Offered for unintentional sin committed by doing something against any of the commandments of YHVH. Committed by:

• Anointed priest

• Whole congregation of Israel

• Ruler

• Common person He is guilty regardless of whether sin is realized or not. Offering of young bull without blemish:

• Anointed priest

The law of the sin offering:

• In the place where the burnt offering is killed, the sin offering shall be killed before the Lord. It is most holy.

• The priest who offers it for sin shall eat it. In a holy place it shall be eaten, in the court of the tabernacle of meeting (This is referring to the sin offering of a ruler or common person. Sin offerings whose blood was brought into the holy place and applied to the inner golden altar [incense altar] was not to be eaten by the priests). See Leviticus


• Whole congregation of Israel Offering without blemish:

• Ruler – offers a male kid of the male goats without blemish ( ת מים זכר עז ים רש עי ).

• Common person – offers a female kid of the female goats without blemish ( עז ים ש עירת נקבהת מימה ) or a female lamb without blemish ( נקבה תמיםהכ בש ... ).

If common person can’t afford a female from the flock (Leviticus 5:11):

• Two turtledoves or two young pigeons

• If unable to do the above, he shall bring 1/10 of an ephah of fine flour without oil or frankincense.

Offerors place their hands on head of their offering:

• Anointed priest

• Elders of/for the congregation of Israel

• Ruler

• Common person

• For this kind of offering, this likely symbolizes the transfer of sin to the offering. Apply blood: For sin offering of anointed priest and congregation of Israel:

• The priest will dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the Lord, in front of the veil of the sanctuary. And he shall put some of the blood on the horns of the (golden/incense) altar which is before the Lord, which is in the tabernacle of meeting; and he shall pour the remaining blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of meeting.

For sin offering of a ruler or common person:

• The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.

For sin offering of a common person guilty of a trespass (Leviticus 5:4-13)

• Two turtle doves or two young pigeons – one is a sin offering, the other a burnt offering. Some of the blood of the sin offering is sprinkled on the side of the altar, and the rest of the blood is

10:18

• Everyone who touches its flesh must be holy.

• And when its blood is sprinkled on any garment, you shall wash that on which it was sprinkled, in a holy place.

• But the earthen vessel in which it is boiled shall be broken. And if it is boiled in a bronze pot, it shall be both scoured and rinsed in water.

• All the males among the priests may eat it. It is most holy.

• But no sin offering from which any of the blood is brought into the tabernacle of meeting, to make atonement in the holy place, shall be eaten. It shall be burned in the fire. (This is referring to the sin offering for the anointed priest and/or whole congregation of Israel.)


drained out at the base of the altar. The one for the burnt offering is offered in the prescribed manner (blood drained at the side of the altar).

• If he is not able to bring 2 birds, then he shall bring 1/10 of an ephah of fine flour as a sin offering—but no oil or frankincense because it is a sin offering. The priest will still take a memorial portion, and burn it on the altar.

• This is the same amount of fine flour for a daily grain offering. Burn: And he shall burn all its fat on the altar, like the fat (including the kidneys and fatty lobe of the liver) of the sacrifice of the peace offering. Remainder of bull for the anointed priest or congregation of Israel: But the bull's hide and all its flesh, with its head and legs, its entrails and offal — the whole bull he shall carry outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire; where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned. So the priest shall make atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them. Priestly portion: Only the remaining flesh of the animal whose blood was NOT brought into the Holy Place can be eaten by the priests; this is the flesh of the animal brought by a ruler or a common person. It was given to and eaten by the priest in order to bear the guilt of the congregation, and to make atonement for them before YHVH (Leviticus 10:17). Day of Atonements: For Aaron and his house:

• Young bull = a sin offering for himself, and make atonement for himself and for his house

• Ram = a burnt offering For the people:

• 2 kids of the goats ( עז ים ־ש עירי ש ני ) as a sin offering (they are both sin offerings, but

different):

• 1 for YHVH = offered as a sin offering


• 1 is the scapegoat = presented alive before YHVH to make atonement upon it, and let it go into the wilderness.

”is the masculine plural construct form = “he-goats/kids of ש עירי •

• Another word for kid or young male goat is gediy ( ג די); the masculine plural construct is

.This is seen in Genesis 27:9, 16 .ג דיי

• These words convey to us that the choice of male goats for the sin offerings on the Day of Atonement is somehow thematically comparable to the sin offering of a ruler as opposed to that of a single common individual. Normally, a young bull is offered as a sin offering for the whole congregation of Israel or the anointed priest. This begs the question, “why such a difference?”

• The two goats on Yom Kippur should be identical in appearance, size, and value, and the two shall be chosen together (Talmud - Yoma 62a).

• Ram = a burnt offering Sin Offering (Leviticus 5:1-13):

• Sins in hearing the utterance of an oath, is a witness, by seeing or knowing – if he does not tell it, he bears guilt.

• Touches any unclean thing (carcass of unclean beast, livestock, creeping things) and is unaware of it, he is unclean and guilty.

• Touches human uncleanness—any kind with which he can become defiled, and is unaware of it, when he realizes it, then he shall be guilty. This includes those who have become unclean while fulfilling a Nazirite vow.

• Swears speaking thoughtlessly to do evil or good, whatever is pronounced by an oath, and is unaware of it, when he realizes it, he shall be guilty.

The guilty person must confess his sin and bring a guilt/trespass offering -- asham (Lev. 5:5-6). Two options for common person:

• Offer a female from the flock, a lamb or kid of the goats as a sin offering. In the case of Nazirites who became unclean while trying to fulfill their vow, a 1 year old male lamb was offered.

• Offer two turtle doves or two young pigeons, one as a sin offering, the other as a burnt offering.

Sin offerings are for the atonement and forgiveness of unintentional sin and purification from uncleanness.


Guilt Offering = Asham (אש ם) Leviticus 5:14-6:7

(Hebrew Tanach- Leviticus 5:14-26)

Guilt Offering = Asham (אש ם) Leviticus 7:1-10

Guilt (trespass) offerings fall into 4 different categories. What is offered for atonement and forgiveness is based on the nature of the trespass. Guilt Offering Category 1 – Moderate Penalty (Leviticus 5:14-16):

• Committing a trespass, and sins unintentionally in regard to the holy things of YHVH. Must:

• Offer a ram without blemish from the flocks

• With the priest’s valuation of the trespass in shekels of silver according to the shekel of the sanctuary.

• Must also make restitution for the harm done to the holy thing and add 1/5 to it and give it to the priest.

Category 2 – Least Penalty (Leviticus 5:17-19):

• Sinning and committing any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of YHVH without knowing it.

Must:

• Offer a ram without blemish from the flocks

• With priest’s valuation of the trespass in shekels of silver according to the shekel of the sanctuary.

• No additional 1/5 necessary. Category 3 – Greatest Penalty (Leviticus 6:1-7 -- Intentional trespasses):

• Lying to his neighbor about what was delivered to him for safekeeping, or about a pledge or about a robbery,

• Extorted from his neighbor,

The law of the guilt (trespass) offering:

• It is most holy. In the place where they kill the burnt offering they shall kill the trespass offering.

• Its blood he shall sprinkle all around on the altar.

• He shall offer from it all its fat. The fat tail and the fat that covers the entrails, the two kidneys and the fat that is on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe attached to the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove; and the priest shall burn them on the altar as an offering made by fire to the Lord.

• Every male among the priests may eat it. It shall be eaten in a holy place. It is most holy.

• The trespass offering is like the sin offering; there is one law for them both: the priest who makes atonement with it shall have it. 8 And the priest who offers anyone's burnt offering, that priest shall have for himself the skin of the burnt offering which he has offered. 9 Also every grain offering that is baked in the oven and all that is prepared in the covered pan, or in a pan, shall be the priest's who offers it. 10 Every grain offering, whether mixed


• Found what was lost and lies concerning it, and swears falsely. Must:

• Restore to the owner what he has stolen, extorted, held for safekeeping, or what was lost that he found, or all that about which he has sworn falsely -- restore its full value plus 1/5 more to its owner.

• Offer ram to YHVH without blemish from the flock as a trespass offering.

• Give priest’s valuation of the trespass to the priest. Priestly portion: The flesh not burned on the altar.

with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to one as much as the other.

The guilt/trespass offerings are for atonement guilt of trespasses and forgiveness of trespasses.

The sacrifices have not been discontinued forever; they will be performed not only by every who will be grafted into olive tree of the children of

Israel.

Isaiah 56:6-7 says: "Also the sons of the foreigner (nechar, נ כר ה ; alien, stranger) Who join themselves to the Lord, to serve Him, And to love the

name of the Lord, to be His servants —Everyone who keeps from defiling the Sabbath, And holds fast My covenant — Even them I will bring to

My holy mountain, And make them joyful in My house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and their sacrifices Will be accepted on My altar; For My

house shall be called a house of prayer for all nations."

This is highly significant because the nechar did not eat of the Passover (Exodus 12:43). The necharim were considered corrupt and blemished

(Leviticus 22:25).

II. Compare the variations in procedure of each kind of offering.


Leviticus 6:8-13 (6:1-6)

Leviticus 1:3-9 Of the Herd

Leviticus 1:10-13 Of the flocks — of the sheep or of the goats —

Leviticus 1:14-17 Of birds, then he shall bring his offering of turtledoves or young pigeons.


Male without blemish Offered of his own free will at the door of the tabernacle of meeting (therefore a threshold covenant) He shall put his hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it will be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for him. He shall kill the bull before the Lord; and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall bring the blood and sprinkle the blood all around on the altar that is by the door of the tabernacle of meeting. And he shall skin the burnt offering and cut it into its pieces. The sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar, and lay the wood in order on the fire. Then the priests, Aaron's sons, shall lay the parts, the head, and the fat in order on the wood that is on the fire upon the altar; but he shall wash its entrails and its legs with water. And the priest shall burn all on the altar as a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord.

Male without blemish. He shall kill it on the north side of the altar before the Lord; and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall sprinkle its blood all around on the altar. And he shall cut it into its pieces, with its head and its fat; and the priest shall lay them in order on the wood that is on the fire upon the altar; but he shall wash the entrails and the legs with water. Then the priest shall bring it all and burn it on the altar; it is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord.

The priest shall bring it to the altar wring off its head, and burn it on the altar; its blood shall be drained out at the side of the altar. And he shall remove its crop with its feathers and cast it beside the altar on the east side, into the place for ashes. Then he shall split it at its wings, but shall not divide it completely; and the priest shall burn it on the altar, on the wood that is on the fire. It is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord.

Additional comments:

The whole burnt offering is a voluntary offering, done out of love and devotion to YHVH. Before this is offered, sin and trespass offerings may be

necessary for the atonement and forgiveness of sins and trespasses.



Leviticus 6:14-23 (6:7-16)

Leviticus 2:1-3 'When anyone offers a grain offering to the Lord, his offering shall be of fine flour. And he shall pour oil on it, and put frankincense on it. He shall bring it to Aaron's sons, the priests, one of whom shall take from it his handful of fine flour and oil with all the frankincense. And the priest shall burn it as a memorial on the altar, an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord. The rest of the grain offering shall be Aaron's and his sons'. It is most holy of the offerings to the Lord made by fire.

Leviticus 2:4 'And if you bring as an offering a grain offering baked in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mixed with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil.

Leviticus 2:5-6 But if your offering is a grain offering baked in a pan, it shall be of fine flour, unleavened, mixed with oil. 6 You shall break it in pieces and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering.

Leviticus 2:7-10 'If your offering is a grain offering baked in a covered pan, it shall be made of fine flour with oil. You shall bring the grain offering that is made of these things to the Lord. And when it is presented to the priest, he shall bring it to the altar. Then the priest shall take from the grain offering a memorial portion, and burn it on the altar. It is an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord. And what is left of the grain offering shall be Aaron's and his sons'. It is most holy of the offerings to the Lord made by fire.

Leviticus 2:11-13 'No grain offering which you bring to the Lord shall be made with leaven, for you shall burn no leaven nor any honey in any offering to the Lord made by fire. As for the offering of the firstfruits, you shall offer them to the Lord, but they shall not be burned on the altar for a sweet aroma. And every offering of your grain offering you shall season with salt; you shall not allow the salt of the covenant of your God to be lacking from your grain offering. With all your offerings you shall offer salt. Feast of Firstfruits – barley Feast of Weeks (Pentecost) - wheat Leviticus 2:14-16 'If you offer a grain offering of your firstfruits to the Lord, you shall offer for the grain offering of your firstfruits green heads of grain roasted on the fire, grain beaten from full heads. And you shall put oil on it, and lay frankincense on it. It is a grain offering. Then the priest shall burn the memorial portion: part of its beaten grain and part of its oil, with all the frankincense, as an


offering made by fire to the Lord. See also Leviticus 23:9-14 (Feast of Firstfruits – 1 sheaf to be waved; burnt offering, 1 year old male lamb; grain offering 2/10 of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil; drink offering, wine ¼ hin.)


Leviticus 3:1-17

Leviticus 3:1-5 'When his offering is a sacrifice of a peace offering, if he offers it of the herd, whether male or female, he shall offer it without blemish before the Lord. And he shall lay his hand on the head of his offering, and kill it at the door of the tabernacle of meeting; and Aaron's sons, the priests, shall sprinkle the blood all around on the altar. Then he shall offer from the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire to the Lord. The fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails, the two kidneys and the fat that is on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe attached to the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove; and Aaron's sons shall burn it on the altar

Leviticus 3:6-11 'If his offering as a sacrifice of a peace offering to the Lord is of the flock, whether male or female, he shall offer it without blemish. If he offers a lamb as his offering, then he shall offer it before the Lord. And he shall lay his hand on the head of his offering, and kill it before the tabernacle of meeting; and Aaron's sons shall sprinkle its blood all around on the altar. 'Then he shall offer from the sacrifice of the peace offering, as an offering made by fire to the Lord, its fat and the whole fat tail which he shall remove close to the backbone. And the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails, 10 the two kidneys and the fat that is on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe

Leviticus 3:12-16 'And if his offering is a goat, then he shall offer it before the Lord. He shall lay his hand on its head and kill it before the tabernacle of meeting; and the sons of Aaron shall sprinkle its blood all around on the altar. Then he shall offer from it his offering, as an offering made by fire to the Lord. The fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails, the two kidneys and the fat that is on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe attached to the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove; and the priest shall burn them on the altar as food, an offering made by fire for a sweet aroma; all the fat is the Lord's.


upon the burnt sacrifice, which is on the wood that is on the fire, as an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord.

attached to the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove; and the priest shall burn them on the altar as food, an offering made by fire to the Lord.

Leviticus 3:17 'This shall be a perpetual statute throughout your generations in all your dwellings: you shall eat neither fat nor blood.'"



Leviticus 4:1-5:13

Leviticus 4:1-12 Now the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, "Speak to the children of Israel, saying: 'If a person sins unintentionally against any of the commandments of the Lord in anything which ought not to be done, and does any of them, if the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people, then let him offer to the Lord for his sin which he has sinned a young bull without blemish as a sin offering. He shall bring the bull to the door of the tabernacle of meeting before the Lord, lay his hand on the bull's head, and kill the bull

Leviticus 4:13-21 'Now if the whole congregation of Israel sins unintentionally, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done something against any of the commandments of the Lord in anything which should not be done, and are guilty; when the sin which they have committed becomes known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for the sin, and bring it before the tabernacle of meeting. And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands

Leviticus 4:22-26 'When a ruler has sinned, and done something unintentionally against any of the commandments of the Lord his God in anything which should not be done, and is guilty, or if his sin which he has committed comes to his knowledge, he shall bring as his offering a kid of the goats, a male

without blemish ( ש עיר עז ים .(זכר ת מים And he shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it at the place where they kill the burnt

Leviticus 4:27-35 27 'If anyone of the common people sins unintentionally by doing something against any of the commandments of the Lord in anything which ought not to be done, and is guilty, or if his sin which he has committed comes to his knowledge, then he shall bring as his offering a kid of the goats, a

female without blemish ( ש עירת for his sin ,(עז ים ת מימה נקבהwhich he has committed. And he shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill


before the Lord. Then the anointed priest shall take some of the bull's blood and bring it to the tabernacle of meeting. The priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the Lord, in front of the veil of the sanctuary. And the priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the Lord, which is in the tabernacle of meeting; and he shall pour the remaining blood of the bull at the base of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of meeting. He shall take from it all the fat of the bull as the sin offering. The fat that covers the entrails and all the fat which is on the entrails, the two kidneys and the fat that is on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe attached to the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove, as it was taken from the bull of the sacrifice of the peace offering;

on the head of the bull before the Lord. Then the bull shall be killed before the Lord. The anointed priest shall bring some of the bull's blood to the tabernacle of meeting. Then the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the Lord, in front of the veil. And he shall put some of the blood on the horns of the (golden/incense) altar which is before the Lord, which is in the tabernacle of meeting; and he shall pour the remaining blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of meeting. He shall take all the fat from it and burn it on the altar. And he shall do with the bull as he did with the bull as a sin offering; thus he shall do with it. So the priest shall make atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them. Then he shall carry the bull outside the camp, and burn it as

offering before the Lord. It is a sin offering. The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering. And he shall burn all its fat on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offering. So the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and it shall be forgiven him.

the sin offering at the place of the burnt offering. Then the priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour all the remaining blood at the base of the altar. He shall remove all its fat, as fat is removed from the sacrifice of the peace offering; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a sweet aroma to the Lord. So the priest shall make atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him. 'If he brings a lamb as his sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish. Then he shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it as a sin offering at the place where they kill the burnt offering. The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour all the remaining blood at the base of the altar.


and the priest shall burn them on the altar of the burnt offering. But the bull's hide and all its flesh, with its head and legs, its entrails and offal — the whole bull he shall carry outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire; where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.

he burned the first bull. It is a sin offering for the assembly.

He shall remove all its fat, as the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice of the peace offering. Then the priest shall burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire to the Lord. So the priest shall make atonement for his sin that he has committed, and it shall be forgiven him.

Guilt Offering = Asham (אש ם)

Leviticus 5:14-6:7 (5:14-26)

Leviticus 5:1 'If a person sins in hearing the utterance of an oath, and is a witness, whether he has seen or known of the matter — if he does not tell it, he bears guilt. Lev 5:2-3 2 'Or if a person touches any unclean thing, whether it is the carcass of an unclean beast, or the carcass of unclean livestock, or the carcass of unclean creeping things, and he is unaware of it, he also shall be unclean and guilty. 3 Or if he touches human uncleanness — whatever uncleanness with which a man may be defiled, and he is unaware of it — when he realizes it, then he shall be guilty.

Leviticus 5:14-16 14 Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 15 "If a person commits a trespass, and sins unintentionally in regard to the holy things of the Lord, then he shall bring to the Lord as his trespass offering a ram without blemish from the flocks, with your valuation in shekels of silver according to the shekel of the sanctuary, as a trespass offering. 16 And he shall make restitution for the harm that he has done in regard to the holy thing, and shall add one-fifth to it and give it to the priest. So the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him.

Leviticus 6:1-7 6 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 "If a person sins and commits a trespass against the Lord by lying to his neighbor about what was delivered to him for safekeeping, or about a pledge, or about a robbery, or if he has extorted from his neighbor, 3 or if he has found what was lost and lies concerning it, and swears falsely — in any one of these things that a man may do in which he sins: 4 then it shall be, because he has sinned and is guilty, that he shall restore what he has stolen, or the thing which he has extorted, or what was delivered to him for safekeeping, or the lost thing


Leviticus 5:4 4 'Or if a person swears, speaking thoughtlessly with his lips to do evil or to do good, whatever it is that a man may pronounce by an oath, and he is unaware of it — when he realizes it, then he shall be guilty in any of these matters. Leviticus 5:5-6 5 'And it shall be, when he is guilty in any of these matters, that he shall confess that he has sinned in that thing; 6 and he shall bring his trespass offering to the Lord for his sin which he has committed, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats as a sin offering. So the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin. Leviticus 5:7-10 7 'If he is not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring to the Lord, for his trespass which he has committed, two turtledoves or two young pigeons: one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering. 8 And he shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off its head from its neck, but shall not divide it completely. 9 Then he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, and the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering. 10 And he shall offer the second as a burnt offering according to the prescribed manner. So the priest shall make atonement on his behalf for his sin which he has committed, and it

Leviticus 5:17-19 17 "If a person sins, and commits any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the Lord, though he does not know it, yet he is guilty and shall bear his iniquity. 18 And he shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish from the flock, with your valuation, as a trespass offering. So the priest shall make atonement for him regarding his ignorance in which he erred and did not know it, and it shall be forgiven him. 19 It is a trespass offering; he has certainly trespassed against the Lord."

which he found, 5 or all that about which he has sworn falsely. He shall restore its full value, add one-fifth more to it, and give it to whomever it belongs, on the day of his trespass offering. 6 And he shall bring his trespass offering to the Lord, a ram without blemish from the flock, with your valuation, as a trespass offering, to the priest. 7 So the priest shall make atonement for him before the Lord, and he shall be forgiven for any one of these things that he may have done in which he trespasses."


shall be forgiven him.


The trespass offering was expected for certain intentional trespasses; it seems it would be appropriate for any intentional trespass, but the text

does not explicitly state this. YHVH may deal with other kinds of trespasses in other ways.

III. See how other portions of Scripture embody the sacrifices. In this section, we will be looking at the offerings as being thematic patterns. This may require us to think in terms of themes, both literally and figuratively. Bear in mind that the opposite can occur; you can also see a duality—the theme and its opposite take place. The offerings appear to be pictures of what happens in the lives of His people, as well as reminders of God’s plan for redemption.


Leviticus 6:8-13 (6:1-6) Pattern of the Whole Burnt

Offering Covering of Adam and Eve Joseph’s Robe Yeshua & Robes of

Righteousness

The offeror’s hand is placed on the animal’s head (Lev. 1:4).

God created man to rule over (be the head over) the rest of creation.

Dream: Joseph was destined to rule by God’s authority.

God made Yeshua, His only Son the King of Kings and Lord of Lords.

Normally, the offeror has already offered a sin offering to atone for sin.

Adam and Eve sinned by eating forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil.

Joseph told his dreams to his family (not exactly a sin; could there have been possible pride?) causing his brothers to hate him and harbor jealousy.

Yeshua never sinned but became the Lamb that would take away the sin of the world.

God accepted that sin offering and made atonement for the offeror’s sin.

This is the first sin of mankind, and a sin offering is not mentioned. It is hidden in the promise that God foretold: Eve’s seed would bruise the serpent’s head. This shows that YHVH already had a plan in His mind on how sin would be dealt with.

Jacob kept the matter of Joseph’s dreams in mind. He may have accepted the possibility of his son’s destiny.

God accepted His own Son’s blood to make atonement for those He chose as a bride for Yeshua.

The animal for whole burnt An animal was slaughtered and skinned. Joseph was put in a cistern after Yeshua was crucified after being


offering is slaughtered and the blood is thrown on the altar (Lev. 1:5, 11). The animal is skinned and its flesh is cut up (Lev. 1:6, 12).

being stripped of his long sleeved robe. This is a picture of being skinned and death.

stripped of his clothing prior to crucifixion.

The animal’s parts are washed with water (Lev. 1:9, 13).

Adam and Eve were disciplined for their sin. Joseph’s robe was dipped in blood.

Yeshua will wash his clothes in wine – His robes in the blood of grapes. (Gen. 49:11; Rev. 19:13)

The offeror does not physically die. Adam and Eve did not physically die at that time.

Joseph was put in a cistern (picture of death) but he did not die.

Yeshua’ dead body did not decay.

The meat is consumed by fire on the altar of burnt sacrifice (Lev. 1:9, 13).

Adam and Eve were given a new life. Opposition

Joseph was pulled out of the cistern (picture of resurrection) and sent to Egypt. Opposition

The wicked will eventually be burned in the lake of fire (Rev. 20:15) but the righteous will be plucked from the fire (Zech. 3:2). Duality

The offeror does not get to keep the animal skin.

God took away their clothing made of fig leaves.

Joseph fled from Potiphar’s wife without his robe.

The sin of God’s chosen is taken away.

The animal skin is given to priests- divided among priests working that day (Lev. 7:8).

God made and gave tunics made of animal skin to Adam and Eve.

Joseph’s robe that had been dipped in blood was given to Jacob by Joseph’s brothers.

Yeshua’ clothes were divided; lots were cast by the soldiers for His seamless garment (John 19:24).

The offeror is atoned (Lev. 1:4). Adam and Eve were covered. Joseph was clothed in fine linen and wore a gold chain around his neck (Gen. 41:42).

God’s chosen bride is covered in robes of righteousness (Isaiah 61:10; Rev. 6:11).

Additional notes: It is possible for circumstances to happen in our lives that follow the pattern of the whole burnt offering. What happened to Joseph is an example of this. If we look at this offering in a general manner, the skinning of the animal for the whole burnt offering seems to symbolize the stripping away of the fleshly nature.


The washing of the animal parts removed fecal contaminants and blood from the meat and fat. It seems to represent Yeshua, the Living Water who uses the Word to show us our sin and cleanse us from unrighteousness. Various meanings/purposes of the fire:

• Refiner’s fire to purify us so we can offer YHVH an offering in righteousness.

• Tests the quality of our work.

• Consuming fire.

• Judgment in the lake of fire. We are to offer our whole selves as living sacrifices through Bible study, Torah observance, and producing the fruit of the Spirit. Recall that the atonement of the whole burnt offering was a general atonement. It was not for sins or trespasses. Our final atonement will come when we are clothed with robes of righteousness. If something in our lives causes us to live out the pattern of the whole burnt offering, we will also experience some kind of atonement/covering similar to Joseph’s.


Leviticus 6:14-23 (6:7-16) Elements and Portions of the

Grain Offering Shadrach, Meshach,

and Abed-Nego Daniel Yeshua was Firstfruit from the Dead (1

Cor. 15:20)

Finely Ground Flour Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego were denounced and threatened for not worshipping Nebuchadnezzar’s statue (Daniel 3:8-11, 15, 20).

The governors and satraps sought to find a charge or fault against Daniel by making a law against prayer to anyone other than the king (Daniel 6:1-9).

Yeshua was falsely accused, beaten, and spit on (Matthew 26:59-67; Isaiah 53:5, 10)

Salt of the covenant

(Leviticus 2:13)

They kept God’s covenant as an example to others and did not commit idolatry when everyone else did.

Daniel had been blameless in all things—an example to those around him.

Yeshua’ life was an example of how to live according to God’s covenant.

No leaven They were not guilty of idolatry. Daniel had not sinned but had only prayed to the Lord.

Yeshua was without sin.

Olive oil The Holy Spirit must have been on them. The Holy Spirit must have been on them.

Yeshua was anointed with the Holy Spirit.

Frankincense The 4th man in the fire was “like” the Son of God.

God’s angel closed the mouth of the lions.

Yeshua, the Son of God, was our substitutionary sacrifice.

A memorial portion is burned as a satisfying aroma to the

The three young men were thrown into the blazing hot furnace but were not

Daniel was thrown into the lion’s den but was not eaten by the lions.

Yeshua was arrested, endured a trial, and was executed.


Lord. consumed. Opposition

Opposition

The remainder of the grain offering was consumed in the courtyard by the ritually pure priests.

The fire was so hot that it killed the men who brought Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego into the furnace.

Daniel’s accusers, their wives, and their children were consumed by the lions.

Ten of the twelve survived by fleeing and hiding; they were not arrested or killed during Yeshua’s trial and execution or shortly thereafter. Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Yeshua, hung himself. . Duality

Additional notes: It is possible for circumstances to happen in our lives that follow the pattern of the grain offering. If you are experiencing persecution, there is a good chance that what you are going through could follow the pattern of a grain offering. Salt and blood covenants have been practiced by many cultures throughout the world. Salt is also considered a substitute for blood. Salt is a preservative; this should remind us of God’s everlasting covenant. We are to be the salt of the earth; we are the preservative in the world that prevents its total destruction and decay. The crushing of grain is a picture of persecution. In Yeshua’s case, He was not only beaten, but also put to death. The olive oil represents both the Ruach HaKodesh (Holy Spirit) living within believers so that they may be lights in this dark world. The frankincense seems to represent the 4th man in the fiery furnace, the one like the Son of God. Frankincense was used in a variety of applications; it was used for its healing properties and embalming. So, in a sense, it was preserving life or the body. It represents Yeshua, the Son of God, who promised never to leave or forsake us and who died so that we could live and not suffer death which is the curse of the law. We want to make sure that we are the memorial portion that comes through the persecution and trials of life alive and purified, and not be the remainder which dies and/or is consumed in one way or another by that difficult experience. We have 2 charts for the peace offering:


Peace Offering # 1 = Shelamim ( ש למים)

Leviticus 3:1-17

Leviticus 3:1-17; 7:15-18, 30-34 David and Solomon Yeshua

Offeror places his hand on the head of the animal. David was anointed king (1 Samuel 16:13; 2 Samuel 2:4; 5:3).

Yeshua was anointed by the Holy Spirit when He arose from the water of baptism (Matt. 3:16).

The peace offering is slaughtered at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting and blood is thrown on the altar. The offering by fire is a fragrant aroma. The fat and the blood belongs to God.

David prepared to build a house for God but God did not allow David to build it because he was a man of war and had shed blood (1 Chronicles 28:3).

Yeshua was led like a lamb to the slaughter and He did not open His mouth (Isaiah 5:7). When Yeshua returns, He will be a man of war (Zech. 12-14).

Guidelines for sacrifice:

• It can be from the flock (goat or sheep) or from the herd.

• It is to consist of the fat covering the inner organs, all the fat above the inner organs, the two kidneys, the fat on them near the flanks, and the covering of the liver.

The offeror brings his peace offering to the Lord. Portions of the offering:

• Fat is burned on the altar to the Lord.

• The breast is waved before the Lord and given to the priests with the right thigh.

• The remainder is eaten in the courtyard by the offeror and his family.

David gave Solomon his portion for the house of the Lord:

• The designs of the temple.

• Gold, silver, bronze, iron, stones, and marble slabs for all of the furnishings for the house of the Lord.

The leaders and people of Israel offered their portions for the house of the Lord (1 Chronicles 28:11-29:9). The assembly made thousands of sacrifices and offerings to the Lord. Leaders presented (paraded/waved) Solomon on King David’s mule (1 Kings 1:38-40). Solomon was anointed and made king a second time (1 Chronicles 29:22). All Israel obeyed and submitted to King Solomon.

Plans for the millennial temple were given to the prophet Ezekiel (Ezekiel 40-43). Guidelines for millennial temple:

• Those who enter the temple must be circumcised both in the heart and in the flesh.

• People will be taught the difference between the clean and the unclean, and between what is holy and common.

• The law will be taught and observed.

The Lord will be the portion for the priests forever. They will eat the grain offerings, sin offerings, and guilt offerings. Portions of land:


The Lord bestowed on Solomon royal majesty that had never been seen on any other king of Israel (1 Chronicles 29:25).

• A holy portion will be set aside for the Lord and His priests.

• A portion will be given to the city.

• A portion will be given to every tribe.

(Ezekiel 44:28-45:9; 47:13-48:35)

Peace and fellowship are shared between God, the priests, the offeror and his family.

God gave peace to Israel during the reign of Solomon (1 Chronicles 22:9).

There will be peace, righteousness, and justice in the land.

Peace Offering # 2 = Shelamim ( ש למים)

Leviticus 3:1-17

Peace Offering Leviticus 3:1-17; 7:15-18, 30-34

Vow - Peace Offering Judges 11:30-12:8

Thanksgiving – Peace Offering Luke 23-24, Revelation 20

Offeror places his hand on the head of the animal.

And Jephthah made a vow to the Lord, and said, "If You will indeed deliver the people of Ammon into my hands, then it will be that whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the people of Ammon, shall surely be the Lord's, and I will offer it up as a burnt offering." YHVH delivered the Ammonites into his hands.

Judas Iscariot delivered Yeshua, God’s only son, into the hands of the chief priests and elders of the people. Luke 9:44, 24:7

The peace offering is slaughtered at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting and blood is thrown on the altar. The offering by fire is a fragrant aroma. The fat and the blood belongs to God.

And he defeated them from Aroer as far as Minnith — twenty cities — and to Abel Keramim, with a very great slaughter. Thus the people of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.

Yeshua was crucified as a lamb to the slaughter. Luke 24:20 After being pierced with a spear, His blood and water flowed from his body on the cross to the ground below. John 19:34

Guidelines for sacrifice:

• It can be from the flock (goat or sheep)

Choice Portion: When Jephthah came to his house at Mizpah, there was his daughter,

Choice Portion: Yeshua, God’s only son, was the lamb of God. John 1:29, 36; 3:16


or from the herd.

• It is to consist of the fat covering the inner organs, all the fat above the inner organs, the two kidneys, the fat on them near the flanks, and the covering of the liver (choice portions).

The offeror brings his peace offering to the Lord. Choice portions of the offering:

• Fatty portions are burned on the altar to the Lord.

• The breast is waved before the Lord and given to the priests with the right thigh.

The remainder is eaten in the courtyard by the offeror and his family. For vow or voluntary offerings:

• May be eaten on the 1st and 2nd day.

• The remainder must be burned on the 3rd day.

For thanksgiving offerings, the peace offering is accompanied by:

• Unleavened cakes or wafers with oil

• Leavened bread

• Part of each of these will be offered to YHVH and given to the priest who offers it.

• The flesh of the peace offering must be

coming out to meet him with timbrels and dancing; and she was his only child. Besides her he had neither son nor daughter. Jephthath knew he had to keep his vow. He told her of his vow. She understood and requested to be allowed to be alone with her friend to mourn her virginity on the mountains for two months. He consented. After 2 months, she returned to her father, and he carried out his vow with her which he had vowed. She knew no man. She was offered to YHVH in the 3rd month after she returned to her father; she was a living sacrifice (likely the breast and/or thigh offered to the priests). Opposition: She was not burned on the altar. And it became a custom in Israel that the daughters of Israel went four days each year to lament the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite. Remainder: The men of Ephraim were upset that Jephthah fought against Ammon without them. They swore to burn down his house down on him with fire. Jephthah told them, "My people and I were in a great struggle with the people of Ammon; and when I called you, you did not deliver me out of their hands. So when I saw that you would not deliver me, I took my life in my hands and crossed over against the people of Ammon; and the Lord

Mary, Lazarus’ sister anointed Yeshua’s feet prior to His death with costly oil of spikenard.

Yeshua was crucified with 2 robbers:

• One blasphemed Him

• One did not

• Luke 23:39-43 Yeshua’s body was released for burial to Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent council member, a good and just man, who was himself waiting for the kingdom of God. Luke 23:50 Because of Yeshua’s death we can have peace with God. Yeshua was buried the same day of His death, but His body did not decay. He rose from the dead on the Feast of Firstfruits (after 3 days and nights), and eventually presented Himself as a wave offering to the Father. Prior to that, He spent time with His disciples until the appointed time. Luke 23:50-56; John 20:17, Acts 1:9-11; 2:31, Colossians 1:19-20. The bodies of the men who died with Yeshua most likely decayed in the normal manner. Yeshua is expected to return 2,000 years later as the blood avenger and rule 1,000 years on earth. He is expected to make a covenant of peace. Ezekiel 34:25, Revelation 20:4 Remainder: After the 1,000 years is over, the battle of Gog and Magog is expected to take


eaten the same day it is offered. None shall be left until morning.

delivered them into my hand. Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead killed forty-two thousand of the Ephraimites.

place. At that time, God’s enemies will surround Jerusalem and God will destroy them with fire. Revelation 20:7-9 Following this will be the Great White Throne judgment. Those found written in the book of life will live, those not found in the book of life will be cast into the lake of fire. Revelation 20:11-15

Peace and fellowship are shared between God, the priests, the offeror and his family.

And Jephthah judged Israel six years. (Once their enemies were defeated, they experienced peace during the time of the judge.) Then Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried among the cities of Gilead.

The heaven and earth will be renewed, and the new Jerusalem will be brought down to earth. Revelation 21:1 Revelation 22:2-3 In the middle of its street, and on either side of the river, was the tree of life, which bore twelve fruits, each tree yielding its fruit every month. The leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations. 3 And there shall be no more curse, but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it, and His servants shall serve Him. This sounds like a time of peace.

Additional notes:

The hands on the head of the animal seems to signify either the anointing of a king or the deliverance of one into the hands of another.

The priestly portion that is “eaten” parallels with Yeshua being buried in the earth.

Peace offerings were volunteer offerings, and they were often offered to show thanks to YHVH or when vows were made. Sometimes the

slaughter of our enemies (and/or YHVH’s enemies) must take place before peace can be established.

The only way we can have peace with YHVH is by:


• Turning away from lawlessness and trusting in the atonement provided by the blood of Yeshua’s sacrifice.

• Living a life of obedience to YHVH’s commandments – being a wave offering that is acceptable to YHVH.

• Reconciling with Him when we fall short of what is required of us.

We can have peace with one another when:

• We are content with what God has given us.

• We make reconciliation with God and one another for trespasses against one another.

We are to be living peace offerings by:

• Giving thanks always for all things to God the Father in the name of our Lord Yeshua Christ, submitting to one another in the fear of God.

Ephesians 5:20-21

• Being ambassadors for Messiah. 2 Corinthians 5:20-21



Leviticus 4:1-5:13

Sin Offering (Bull) Leviticus 4:3-12

Red Heifer Numbers 19:2-22

Yeshua John 19

A young bull without defect must be offered for the sin of a High Priest. He must bring it to the entrance of the tent of meeting, lay his hand on the bull’s head, and slaughter the bull in the presence of the Lord.

A young red female cow without fault or defect and which had never borne a yoke is to be brought outside the camp and slaughtered.

Yeshua was without sin (2 Corinthians 5:21). The chief priests sough to lay hands on Him, but they feared the multitudes, because He was considered a prophet. The high priests sought false testimony against Yeshua, but their testimonies did not agree. Sometime after His arrest, the soldiers took Yeshua’ garments and crucified Him outside the city of Jerusalem.

The priest is to:

• Sprinkle some of the blood

The priest is to:

• Sprinkle some of the blood

Yeshua’ blood was shed before, during, and after His death:

• He sweat drops of blood in the Garden of Gethsemane while


seven times in the presence of the Lord in front of the curtain of the sanctuary.

• Put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense before the Lord there in the Tent of Meeting (sanctuary).

• Pour all the remaining blood of the bull out at the base of the altar for burnt offerings which is in the courtyard.

seven times in the presence of the Lord in front of the curtain of the sanctuary.

• Burn the entire heifer to ashes before his eyes outside the camp (Jerusalem).

• Throw cedar-wood, hyssop and scarlet yarn onto the heifer as it is burning up.

• Wash his clothes and himself in water, after which he may re-enter the camp, but the priest will remain unclean until evening.

praying (a sprinkling; altar of incense/prayers).

• When He was beaten (a sprinkling).

• While He wore the crown of thorns (a sprinkling).

• When a soldier (considered to be unclean person) thrust Him through with a spear after His death (poured out at base of cross).

People watched Yeshua die on a wooden cross. Yeshua asked His Father to “forgive them…” (Luke 23:34). Yeshua said He was thirsty so a sponge filled with sour wine was put on hyssop and put to His mouth. After that, Yeshua said, “It is finished” and gave up His spirit. Recall that sin offerings from the flock (not a bull) had a priestly portion that was eaten by the priests to bear the guilt of the people. Yeshua, our High Priest bore our sins in His own body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live for righteousness—by whose stripes you were healed (Leviticus 10:17; 1 Peter 2:24).

The priest is to:

• Remove all of its fat as from an ox sacrificed for a peace offering.

• Make these parts go up in smoke on the altar for burnt offerings.

• Burn the rest of the entire bull where the ashes are emptied outside the camp in the wilderness (outside the city of Jerusalem in Israel).

A ritually clean man shall:

• Collect the ashes of the heifer.

• Store them outside the camp in a clean place.

• Wash his clothes.

• Be unclean until evening. The ashes are to be kept and used to prepare water for purification from sin.

Ritually clean men:

• Joseph of Arimathea got permission to take the body of Yeshua for burial outside the city of Jerusalem.

• Nicodemus brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes. Then they took the body of Yeshua, bound it in strips of linen with the spices according to Jewish custom and buried Yeshua in a new unused tomb.

• They became unclean because of their contact with a dead body (Numbers 19:11-13). As a result, they would had to have been cleansed with the ashes of a red heifer. They would have purified themselves with these ashes on the day Yeshua rose from the dead, and again on the last day of Unleavened Bread.



Yeshua, God’s only son, fulfilled the typology of the bull for the anointed priest and congregation of Israel. He also fulfilled the typology of the

red heifer. He compares not only to the animal itself, but also to the choice parts of the animal.

Recall that the blood of bulls from the sin offering of the anointed priest or whole house of Israel was taken inside the holy place and applied to

the golden altar (altar of incense) and the remainder was poured out at the base of the bronze altar. These were the only scenarios in which the

offering was not eaten by the priests.

On the 8th day after the consecration of the Aaron and his sons, Nadab and Abihu offered strange fire. The sin offering, specifically the goat, was

not eaten by the priests. Moses pointed out that it should have been eaten because its blood had not been brought inside the holy place. Aaron

felt that considering everything that had happened that day, that it would have been unacceptable to eat it.

Today, the way we can be purified is to come to Yeshua, our red heifer.

As we read the water of the Scriptures, we are convicted of sin. When we realize we have sinned, we must pray confessing our sins at the altar

of incense. We must trust in Yeshua’s blood atonement in order to be forgiven and cleansed from unrighteousness. We must continually put to

death the deeds of the flesh in our lives until we are fully purified.

Guilt Offering = Asham (אש ם)

Leviticus 5:14-19

Pattern Procedure for Guilt Offering

Leviticus 7:2-7

David 2 Samuel 11:1-12:23

Yeshua Matthew 27:27-54

The offeror is guilty of a trespass.

A trespass is committed. David committed adultery with Bathsheba. Yeshua was wrongly convicted of blasphemy.

An animal is slaughtered.

The one who trespassed is to slaughter a guilt offering (ram) in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered.

After Bathsheba realized she was pregnant, David ordered that Uriah, Bathsheba’s husband, be placed in a position so that he would be killed in battle.

Yeshua was crucified at Golgotha.

The portions of the animal are prepared for offering.

The blood of the guilt offering is to be splashed against all sides of the altar. All of its fat is to be

YHVH struck the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David, and he became ill.

Yeshua was beaten, mocked, and spit upon. A crown of thorns was placed on His head. He was stripped of His clothes


offered – the fat tail, the fat covering the kidneys, the fat on them near the flanks, and the covering of the liver, which is to be removed with the kidneys.

and nailed to a wooden cross.

The fatty portions are consumed on the altar. The especially holy portions are consumed by the priests.

The priest will make the fatty portions of the guilt offering go up in smoke [be consumed] on the altar as an offering made by fire to the Lord. Every male from a family of priests may eat their portion of the guilt offering in a holy place; it is especially holy.

David fasted (did not eat) and lay on the ground. After 7 days, the child died. The child’s spirit returned to where it came from. David’s servants were afraid to tell David of the child’s death. David perceived the child was dead and asked about him. Once David’s servants confirmed the death of the child, David arose from the ground, washed and anointed himself, and changed his clothes; and he went into YHVH’s house and worshiped. Then he went to his own house. When he requested, they set food before him, and he ate.

Darkness covered the earth from noon to 3 pm on the day Yeshua was lifted up for His crucifixion. Yeshua, God’s only son, cried, “My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?” prior to His death. Soon after, He yielded up His Spirit. Prior to Yeshua’ crucifixion, the disciples ate the Lord’s Supper.

Atonement takes place.

The guilt offering is like the sin offering. It will belong to the priest who uses it to make atonement.

As we discovered in the pattern of Moses, the child died in David’s place for David’s guilt, atoning the murder of Uriah. See https://holyhiway.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/thematic-patterns.pdf and/or https://holyhiway.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/thematic-patterns-handout.pdf

The guilt of believers for all time was atoned when darkness covered the earth.


https://holyhiway.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/thematic-patterns.pdf

https://holyhiway.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/thematic-patterns.pdf

https://holyhiway.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/thematic-patterns-handout.pdf

https://holyhiway.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/thematic-patterns-handout.pdf


Numbers 15:30-31 indicates that those who intentionally blasphemed God or rebelled against Him were cut off from God and their guilt was on

themselves.

Leviticus 24:20: The idea of “eye for an eye” and “tooth for a tooth” is not about harming someone who has done harm to another, but it is

about appropriate restitution or compensation.

Isaiah 53:10-11 says that the Messiah’s life was made an “asham.” This is specifically a guilt offering and not a sin offering as some English

versions translate it, so we should be able to see the pattern of the guilt offering in Yeshua’ final hours.

Normally, the especially holy portions of the guilt offerings were consumed by the priests. In Yeshua’ case, the priestly portions were eaten by

Yeshua’ disciples during His last supper when they ate the bread that was His body and drank the wine that was His blood. Even though the

disciples were not Levitical priests, they were the kind of priests God wants us to be.

In Matthew 5:23-24, Yeshua told his listeners to be reconciled to your brother before bring offerings to YHVH. Today, this would mean before we

pray (come to the altar of incense). This includes making any applicable restitution. Remember, restitution and forgiveness are separate issues.

Giving and receiving forgiveness (סליחה) should be independent of and not dependent on restitution (shalam; ש לם). Being forgiven by our

Father in heaven is dependent on us forgiving those who have trespassed against us (Matthew 6:14-15). YHVH can allow demons or others to

torment believers who refuse to forgive someone of a trespass until they do so (Matthew 18).

Yeshua’s sacrifice is not a license to sin no matter how many good works a person does (Matthew 7:21-23). This includes an unforgiving spirit

and a refusal to reconcile with your brothers. We should heed 1 John 1:7-10: “If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth

is not in us. 9 If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. 10 If we say that we

have not sinned, we make Him a liar, and His word is not in us.”

Yeshua’s offering makes it possible for our guilt to be removed. Romans 8:1 says, “There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in

Messiah Yeshua, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit.”

We can live out the pattern of the guilt offering whether we are guilty of a trespass or not. If not, all it takes is to be accused of a trespass and for

our reputation to be ruined. Persecution or illness may follow whether it is justified or not. Something that pictures death or an actual death

may take place in the life of someone near to us. This could even be requiring us to “die to self.” The original situation that started this pattern

cycle is somehow figuratively covered/atoned, and life goes on. What we go through is an offering to the Father; therefore we need to be


careful how we respond. That’s tough when we are in a state of shock over what we are going through. It’s hard to step back and shift our focus

so we can see our situation from a new perspective.

IV. The consecration of the priests for sacrifices and tabernacle work.

According to Exodus 40:13, the Tabernacle had been erected.

It was time for the consecration ceremony to take place. Leviticus 8 gives us the details of that fulfillment.

The Hebrew word for consecrate is qadash ( קדש). It means to consecrate, sanctify, prepare, dedicate, be holy, or be separate. Aaron and his

sons were being set apart for the priesthood.

As part of the consecration of the priests, the tabernacle and its items were anointed with oil to consecrate them. It was time for Aaron and his

sons to be consecrated so they could minister as priests (verb is כ הן in the qal, כ הן in the piel). The noun כ הן is not used here.

The following consecration offerings were required for the 7-day consecration ceremony:

• Sin offering, a young bull. Its blood was used to consecrate the altar; the fatty portions, including the kidneys and liver, were offered on

the fire; and the rest was burned outside the camp.

• Burnt offering, a ram. The blood was applied around the altar; Moses burned the whole ram on the altar after washing the entrails and

legs with water.

• A ram of consecration. Its blood was applied to Aaron and his sons, and their clothing; it was also sprinkled around the altar.

o Wave offering (ת נו פה)

▪ From the basket of unleavened bread, a cake anointed with oil and a wafer is placed on top of the fatty portions with

the kidneys and fatty lobe attached to liver.

• Based on previous comparisons, the fat seems to parallel with the spirit that leaves the body upon death.

▪ The breast is consecrated and waved separately before YHVH for Moses.

o Heave offering (ת רו מה)

▪ Right thigh is raised with the wave offering of the fatty portions and bread.

o The flesh of this ram was boiled at the door of the tabernacle of meeting; it was eaten with the bread that was in the basket.

o What remained of the flesh of the ram and the bread had to be burned with fire.


o This offering is similar to a peace offering.

They had to remain in/at the door of the Tabernacle of Meeting for the 7 days, so they would not die.

Consecration of Aaronic Priesthood

Exodus 29:1-37

Consecration of Aaronic Priesthood

Leviticus 8:1-36

Yeshua’s consecration for Melchizedek priesthood

Consecration of new disciples of Yeshua.

Exodus 29:1-9 "And this is what you shall do to them to hallow them for ministering to Me as priests: Take one young bull and two rams without blemish, 2 and unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil (you shall make them of wheat flour). 3 You shall put them in one basket and bring them in the basket, with the bull and the two rams. 4 "And Aaron and his sons you shall bring to the door of the tabernacle of meeting, and you shall wash them with water. 5 Then you shall take the garments, put the tunic on Aaron, and the robe of the ephod, the ephod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the intricately

Leviticus 8:1-13 8 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 "Take Aaron and his sons with him, and the garments, the anointing oil, a bull as the sin offering, two rams, and a basket of unleavened bread; 3 and gather all the congregation together at the door of the tabernacle of meeting." 4 So Moses did as the Lord commanded him. And the congregation was gathered together at the door of the tabernacle of meeting. 5 And Moses said to the congregation, "This is what the Lord commanded to be done." 6 Then Moses brought Aaron and his sons and washed them with water.

The consecration of Yeshua for the Melchizedek priesthood is somewhat opposite of that for Aaronic Priesthood. Mary, Lazarus’ sister anointed His feet 6 days prior to Passover. A crown of thorns was placed on His head. The community was gathered for Yeshua’s crucifixion. Yeshua had not been able to recently bathe and bore the pain and blood of recent beatings. Yeshua was stripped of His clothing. When Yeshua returns:

• He will have many crowns on His head.

The community gathers to see believers go through the waters of baptism. They are washed with:

• Waters of baptism.

• Water of the Word.

They are clothed in the righteousness of Messiah and raised to walk in newness of life (Rom. 6:4). They are anointed with the Holy Spirit. They will receive the:

• Crown of righteousness (2 Timothy 4:8).

• Crown of glory (1 Peter 5:4).

• Crown of life (James 1:12; Rev 2:10).


woven band of the ephod. 6 You shall put the turban on his head, and put the holy crown on the turban. 7 And you shall take the anointing oil, pour it on his head, and anoint him. 8 Then you shall bring his sons and put tunics on them. 9 And you shall gird them with sashes, Aaron and his sons, and put the hats on them. The priesthood shall be theirs for a perpetual statute. So you shall consecrate Aaron and his sons.

7 And he put the tunic on him, girded him with the sash, clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod on him; and he girded him with the intricately woven band of the ephod, and with it tied the ephod on him. 8 Then he put the breastplate on him, and he put the Urim and the Thummim in the breastplate. 9 And he put the turban on his head. Also on the turban, on its front, he put the golden plate, the holy crown, as the Lord had commanded Moses. 10 Also Moses took the anointing oil, and anointed the tabernacle and all that was in it, and consecrated them. 11 He sprinkled some of it on the altar seven times, anointed the altar and all its utensils, and the laver and its base, to consecrate them. 12 And he poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron's head and anointed him, to consecrate him. 13 Then Moses brought Aaron's sons and put tunics on them, girded them with sashes, and put hats on them, as the Lord had commanded Moses.

• He robe will have been dipped in blood.

• His name, KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS, will be on His robe and on His thigh.

See also 2 Samuel 23:1-7.

Exodus 29:10-14 10 "You shall also have the bull

Leviticus 8:14-17 14 And he brought the bull for the

Judas delivered Yeshua into the hands of the chief priests and elders of the people.

Believers must still confess and renounce their sins and trespasses to the Lord. In


brought before the tabernacle of meeting, and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands on the head of the bull. 11 Then you shall kill the bull before the Lord, by the door of the tabernacle of meeting. 12 You shall take some of the blood of the bull and put it on the horns of the altar with your finger, and pour all the blood beside the base of the altar. 13 And you shall take all the fat that covers the entrails, the fatty lobe attached to the liver, and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, and burn them on the altar. 14 But the flesh of the bull, with its skin and its offal, you shall burn with fire outside the camp. It is a sin offering.

sin offering. Then Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the bull for the sin offering, 15 and Moses killed it. Then he took the blood, and put some on the horns of the altar all around with his finger, and purified the altar. And he poured the blood at the base of the altar, and consecrated it, to make atonement for it. 16 Then he took all the fat that was on the entrails, the fatty lobe attached to the liver, and the two kidneys with their fat, and Moses burned them on the altar. 17 But the bull, its hide, its flesh, and its offal, he burned with fire outside the camp, as the Lord had commanded Moses.

The chief priests, elders, and council spat on Yeshua and beat him. Yeshua, who wore a crown of thorns on His head, was our sin offering. His blood and water was poured out at the base of the cross after He was pierced with a sword. Yeshua, God’s only son, was crucified. Upon death, He yielded up His precious spirit. He was buried outside the city of Jerusalem.

addition, restitution should be made for trespasses (Lev. 5:5, Num. 5:7, 1 John 1:9). They must offer themselves as living sacrifices holy and acceptable to the Lord (Rom. 12:1).


Exodus 29:15-29 15 "You shall also take one ram, and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands on the head of the ram; 16 and you shall kill the ram, and you shall take its blood and sprinkle it all around on the altar. 17 Then you shall cut the ram in pieces, wash its entrails and its legs, and put them with its pieces and with its head. 18 And you shall burn the whole ram on the altar. It is a burnt offering to the Lord; it is a sweet aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord. 19 "You shall also take the other ram, and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands on the head of the ram. 20 Then you shall kill the ram, and take some of its blood and put it on the tip of the right ear of Aaron and on the tip of the right ear of his sons, on the thumb of their right hand and on the big toe of their right foot, and sprinkle the blood all around on the altar. 21 And you shall take some of the blood that is on the altar, and some of the anointing oil, and

Leviticus 8:18-29 18 Then he brought the ram as the burnt offering. And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram, 19 and Moses killed it. Then he sprinkled the blood all around on the altar. 20 And he cut the ram into pieces; and Moses burned the head, the pieces, and the fat. 21 Then he washed the entrails and the legs in water. And Moses burned the whole ram on the altar. It was a burnt sacrifice for a sweet aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses. 22 And he brought the second ram, the ram of consecration. Then Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram, 23 and Moses killed it. Also he took some of its blood and put it on the tip of Aaron's right ear, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. 24 Then he brought Aaron's sons. And Moses put some of the blood on the tips of their right ears, on the thumbs of their right hands, and on the big toes of their right

Yeshua wore a crown of thorns on his head (compares to blood on the right ear) but nails were driven in His hands (blood on right thumb) and feet (right big toe). Yeshua was raised up on the cross like the fiery serpent that was lifted up on a pole in the wilderness. Yeshua’s body was wrapped in burial cloths with spices, according to Jewish custom, after His crucifixion (John 19:39-40). This would help with preservation of the body and improve the foul odor that was expected to come. Yeshua’s body was put into the grave which parallels being cast into the fire. Normally a body would decay/be consumed when exposed to the elements surrounding it. That did not happen in Yeshua’s case. Yeshua was raised from the dead on the 3rd day. Yeshua later presented Himself to the Father as a firstfruit from the dead.

Yeshua’s blood is one thing by which believers are consecrated to the Father. The placement of blood on the priests should remind believers of:

• How they should think (right ear),

• What they should do (right thumb), and

• The kinds of places they should go (right big toe) in order to be separate from the world and pleasing to God.

They certainly must be careful to take every thought captive and make themselves obedient to Messiah. One day they will be presented to the Father as firstfruits of the fruit harvest from the dead (2 Thess. 2:13, James 1:18).


sprinkle it on Aaron and on his garments, on his sons and on the garments of his sons with him; and he and his garments shall be hallowed, and his sons and his sons' garments with him. 22 "Also you shall take the fat of the ram, the fat tail, the fat that covers the entrails, the fatty lobe attached to the liver, the two kidneys and the fat on them, the right thigh (for it is a ram of consecration), 23 one loaf of bread, one cake made with oil, and one wafer from the basket of the unleavened bread that is before the Lord; 24 and you shall put all these in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sons, and you shall wave them as a wave offering before the Lord. 25 You shall receive them back from their hands and burn them on the altar as a burnt offering, as a sweet aroma before the Lord. It is an offering made by fire to the Lord. 26 "Then you shall take the breast of the ram of Aaron's consecration and wave it as a wave offering before the Lord; and it shall be your portion. 27 And from the ram of the consecration you shall consecrate

feet. And Moses sprinkled the blood all around on the altar. 25 Then he took the fat and the fat tail, all the fat that was on the entrails, the fatty lobe attached to the liver, the two kidneys and their fat, and the right thigh; 26 and from the basket of unleavened bread that was before the Lord he took one unleavened cake, a cake of bread anointed with oil, and one wafer, and put them on the fat and on the right thigh; 27 and he put all these in Aaron's hands and in his sons' hands, and waved them as a wave offering before the Lord. 28 Then Moses took them from their hands and burned them on the altar, on the burnt offering. They were consecration offerings for a sweet aroma. That was an offering made by fire to the Lord. 29 And Moses took the breast and waved it as a wave offering before the Lord. It was Moses' part of the ram of consecration, as the Lord had commanded Moses.


the breast of the wave offering which is waved, and the thigh of the heave offering which is raised, of that which is for Aaron and of that which is for his sons. 28 It shall be from the children of Israel for Aaron and his sons by a statute forever. For it is a heave offering; it shall be a heave offering from the children of Israel from the sacrifices of their peace offerings, that is, their heave offering to the Lord.

Exodus 29:29-30 29 "And the holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons' after him, to be anointed in them and to be consecrated in them. 30 That son who becomes priest in his place shall put them on for seven days, when he enters the tabernacle of meeting to minister in the holy place.

Leviticus 8:30-33 30 Then Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood which was on the altar, and sprinkled it on Aaron, on his garments, on his sons, and on the garments of his sons with him; and he consecrated Aaron, his garments, his sons, and the garments of his sons with him. Their consecration lasted 7 days.

Yeshua’ blood atones our sin and justifies us, while the water that poured from Yeshua’ side cleanses us. It is Yeshua who makes us holy. (Zech. 13:1) This took place during the 7 days of Unleavened Bread. What could this feast have to do with consecration? The disciples remained hidden during the days of this feast.

The Ruach HaKodesh dwells within believers. We are anointed with the Spirit who sets us apart and equips us for service with the gifts of the Spirit. 1 Corinthians 2 and 12 Believers will be perfect, holy, clean, and complete. Yeshua is expected to return in time for the fall feasts. Sukkot is 7 days long. What does this feast have to do with consecration? Is it to completely equip His people for the tasks they will be assigned to do during His millennial reign? One day they will be atoned (covered) with robes of


righteousness (Isaiah 61:10, Rev. 6:11).

Exodus 29:31-34 31 "And you shall take the ram of the consecration and boil its flesh in the holy place. 32 Then Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket, by the door of the tabernacle of meeting. 33 They shall eat those things with which the atonement was made, to consecrate and to sanctify them; but an outsider shall not eat them, because they are holy. 34 And if any of the flesh of the consecration offerings, or of the bread, remains until the morning, then you shall burn the remainder with fire. It shall not be eaten, because it is holy.

Leviticus 8:31-33 31 And Moses said to Aaron and his sons, "Boil the flesh at the door of the tabernacle of meeting, and eat it there with the bread that is in the basket of consecration offerings, as I commanded, saying, 'Aaron and his sons shall eat it.' 32 What remains of the flesh and of the bread you shall burn with fire.

Yeshua shared a final meal with His disciples. Matthew 26:26-30 “And as they were eating, Yeshua took bread (ἄρτον; can mean food, loaf, or leavened bread), blessed and broke it, and gave it to the disciples and said, "Take, eat; this is My body." 27 Then He took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, "Drink from it, all of you. 28 For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. 29 But I say to you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in My Father's kingdom." Hebrews 13:12 tells us that the reason Yeshua suffered outside the gate was so that He might sanctify the people with His own blood.

Today, at this time, believers don’t eat the Levitical offerings. The Lord’s supper or Passover meal is the closest thing we have to them. It is not for outsiders (unbelievers). 1 Corinthians 11:23 For as often as we eat the bread (ἄρτος) and drink the cup of the Lord’s supper, we proclaim the Lord’s death till He comes. 1 Corinthians 11:27-29 Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. 29 For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy manner eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. Believers are sanctified by:


• The Spirit of God (Romans 15:16; 1 Cor. 6:11)

• God’s truth, His word (John 17:17-19; Eph. 5:26)

• Faith in Messiah Yeshua (Acts 26:18)

• Pursuing righteousness (2 Tim. 2:20-26).

• The blood of Messiah (Hebrews 9:13-14; 10:10, 14).

• The Father and preserved in Messiah (Jude 1).

Revelation 20:15 Anyone not found written in the Book of Life (not refined or purified) was cast into the lake of fire. Revelation 21:27 Only those written in the Book of Life (refined, consecrated) will be allowed to enter the New Jerusalem.

Exodus 29:35-37 35 "Thus you shall do to Aaron and his sons, according to all that I have commanded you. Seven days you shall consecrate them. 36 And you shall offer a bull every

Leviticus 8:32-36 33 And you shall not go outside the door of the tabernacle of meeting for seven days, until the days of your consecration are ended. For seven days he shall consecrate you. 34 As he has done this day, so the Lord has commanded to do, to make

On the day the Passover was to be slain, the disciples fled for their lives when Yeshua was arrested. On the first day of the week, the disciples were gathered together again in a place with the doors shut for fear of the Jews. The still feared for their lives.

These are instructions for setting ourselves apart for a time in the future: Isaiah 26:20-21 Come, my people, enter your chambers, And shut your doors behind you; Hide yourself, as it were, for a little moment,


day as a sin offering for atonement. You shall cleanse the altar when you make atonement for it, and you shall anoint it to sanctify it. 37 Seven days you shall make atonement for the altar and sanctify it. And the altar shall be most holy. Whatever touches the altar must be holy.

atonement for you. 35 Therefore you shall stay at the door of the tabernacle of meeting day and night for seven days, and keep the charge of the Lord, so that you may not die; for so I have been commanded." 36 So Aaron and his sons did all the things that the Lord had commanded by the hand of Moses.

Yeshua appeared to them in this place saying “peace” to them. He told them He was sending them. He breathed on them the Holy Spirit. This seems to be their time of consecration or setting apart for what was to come.

Until the indignation is past. . 21 For behold, the Lord comes out of His place To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity; The earth will also disclose her blood, And will no more cover her slain. Compare this with the night of Passover and 7-day feast of

Unleavened Bread ( מצ ותלחם ;

ἄζυμος) Exodus 12:1-20 After the night of the Passover, the mixed multitude came out of Egypt with the intention of going to the Promised Land. Due to the lack of belief among the first generation, only the second generation, Joshua, and Caleb entered the land.

Aaron and his sons survived the 7 days of consecration and it was time for their ministry as priest to begin.

Moses told Aaron to sacrifice the following before YHVH, for YHVH would appear before them that day:

Aaron:

• Sin offering – young bull, without blemish

• Burnt offering – ram, without blemish


Children of Israel:

• Sin offering – kid of the goats (ש עיר־עז ים ; male)

• Burnt offerings (2) – a calf and a lamb, both of the first year, without blemish

• Peace offering – bull and ram

• Grain offering - mixed with oil

There were 7 offerings in total.

These were brought before the tabernacle of meeting as YHVH commanded. All of the congregation drew near and stood before YHVH.

They were told the glory of YHVH would appear to them.

Moses instructed Aaron to make offerings in the prescribed manner, which he did.

Aaron raised his hand toward the people, blessed them, and came down from offering the sin offering, burnt offering, and peace offerings.

Moses and Aaron went into the tabernacle of meeting, and came out and blessed the people. Then the glory of YHVH appeared to all the people,

and fire came out from before YHVH and consumed the burnt offering and the fat on the altar. When all the people saw it, they shouted and fell

on their faces.

At this point, Nadab and Abihu made the deadly mistake of offering profane fire before YHVH; they did something YHVH had not commanded

them to do. In the case of the golden calf, people had done something they were forbidden to do.

Fire went out and devoured them so that they died before YHVH.

Moses told Aaron what YHVH had to say about it in Leviticus 10:3: “'By those who come near Me I must be regarded as holy; And before all the

people I must be glorified.'”

Nadab and Abihu must not have regarded YHVH as holy by offering profane fire ( אש זרה). The adjective “zarah” describes the fire as being

“profane, strange, or foreign.” It may have something to do with the source of the fire, but it may be that their action was not commanded or

“authorized” by YHVH. In the case of the golden calf, the people did not regard YHVH as holy. By their actions, they disregarded YHVH’s

prohibition of idolatry, and they regarded the golden calf as being something holy by worshiping it.


If we want to come near YHVH, we must acknowledge His holiness. Our actions must acknowledge and reveal the majesty and splendor of God.

V. Compare approaching God in the past versus the present:

Approaching God

Verse Mixed Multitude Verse Believers Today

Deuteronomy 7:6

Chosen by God. Colossians 3:12 Chosen by God.

Exodus 15:13 Redeemed from slavery in Egypt. Romans 3:24 Redeemed from slavery to sin.

1 Corinthians 10:1

Baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea. Matthew 28:19 Baptized in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Exodus 19:4 Sanctified and made ritually clean. 1 Corinthians 6:11 Cleansed, justified, and sanctified.

Exodus 12:21-24 Saved from death when the Lord struck the firstborn of the Egyptians because they trusted in the atonement of the blood of the Passover Lamb that covered their doorposts and lintels.

Romans 3:24-26; 5:2 Saved from God’s righteous judgment as we trust in the atonement of Messiah’s sacrifice.

Exodus 19:7-8; 24:7

Married to YHVH at Mount Sinai when they agreed to the basic terms of the marriage covenant (Ten Commandments).

Hosea 2:19-20; 2 Corinthians 11:2; Ephesians 5:27; Revelation 19:7

Believers are engaged to Messiah by trusting in Yeshua as Savior and Lord. They are being made ready for the wedding of the Lamb which will take place after Messiah returns. Believers are legally the Bride of Messiah.

Exodus 16:35; 17:6; 1 Cor. 10:3-4

Ate manna and drank from the rock – both physical and spiritual food and drink.

John 6:54 “Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life.” (Not only the physical bread and wine but also the Word of God which is spiritual.)

Leviticus 11- 21

Repeatedly commanded to be holy and prove we love our Bridegroom by obeying God’s commandments. Leviticus 11:44-45 and 20:26 (dietary); Leviticus 19:2 (purity); Lev. 20:7-8 (sexual immorality); Leviticus 21:6-8 (priests)

1 Peter 1:14-15; Ephesians 1:4; 1 John 5:2-3

Commanded to be holy and prove we love our Bridegroom by obeying God’s commandments.


Book of Leviticus They were constantly:

• Offering sacrifices to worship God, fellowship with God, and to atone for their sins and trespasses.

• Performing ritual washings to be ritually clean in God’s sight and be in right relationship with God.

• Celebrating the feasts of the Lord in anticipation of the coming work of the Messiah.

1 John 1:9 Romans 12:1-2

Believers in Yeshua:

• Offer themselves as living sacrifices to God.

• Regularly confess their sins in order to be forgiven and cleansed from unrighteousness so they can maintain their relationship with God.

• They celebrate God’s plan of redemption accomplished through Yeshua. This should properly be celebrated by observing the feasts of the Lord.

Hebrews 3:14-19

Those who did not trust or who were disobedient died in the wilderness and did not enter God’s rest.

Hebrews 4:1-3 Believers are to trust without wavering so they may enter God’s eternal rest.

VI. Compare purpose and means of atonement:

The purpose of the offerings was primarily for atonement and forgiveness. Atonement is also for other reasons indicated below, and it may

be obtained in various ways.

Atonement/Covering of the People For/To

The covering or atonement makes it possible to approach YHVH without fear of death.

Exodus 30:15 Atonement/ransom money for service of the tabernacle of meeting Memorial

Leviticus 1:4-5 Burnt offering General atonement

Leviticus 4:19-21, 26, 31, 35; Numbers 15:22-28

Sin offering Forgiveness

Leviticus 5:13 Modified grain offering –offered without frankincense and oil; it is really a poor man’s sin offering; Generally, normal grain offerings do not provide atonement or forgiveness.

Forgiveness

Leviticus 5:6, 16, 18-19; 6:7; 7:7-8; 19:20-22

Guilt/trespass offering Forgiveness

The offerings made it possible for YHVH’s people to approach Him.


** Whenever sin or guilt offerings are performed for atonement in a variety of scenarios, forgiveness is part of the result, even if it is not specifically mentioned in Scripture. These offerings can only be performed in the place YHVH chooses (Deuteronomy 12:13-14).

Leviticus 12:6-7 Atonement for uncleanness from woman’s flow of blood; offered sin offering and burnt offering

Cleansing

Leviticus 14:18-19, 31 Ritual involving 2 clean birds, cedar wood, scarlet, hyssop, and running water for cleansing healed lepers; also requires trespass offering, grain offering, sin offering, burnt offering, and oil.

Cleansing

Leviticus 14:52-53 Atonement for the leprous house; ritual involving 2 birds, cedar wood, scarlet, hyssop, and running water.

Cleansing

Leviticus 15:15, 30 Atonement for his/her discharge; wash; offer sin offering and burnt offering

Cleansing

Leviticus 16:11-33 Day of Atonement: bull = sin offering for atonement of priest and his house 2 male goats = sin offering for the people, the atonement of the Holy Place, the Tabernacle of Meeting, and the altar; cleansing. 2 rams = burnt offerings for atonement of Aaron and the people

Cleansing and consecration of altar from the uncleanness of the children of Israel; cleansing His people from the uncleanness of their sins.

Leviticus 17:11-12 Blood is to make atonement for our souls. Atonement for the soul

Numbers 8:19 Levites were taken as priests instead of the firstborn males and given to Aaron and his sons, to do the work for the children of Israel in the tabernacle of meeting, and to make atonement for them so there would be no plague when the children of Israel come near the sanctuary

Avoid plague

Numbers 8:21 Aaron presented the Levites like wave offering before YHVH; Aaron made atonement for the Levites to cleanse them.

Cleansing

Numbers 16:47 Aaron took a censer and put fire from the altar in it; put incense in it; and he ran into the midst of the assembly to stop the plague that had already begun as a result of the people complaining about YHVH’s judgment.

Avoid plague

Numbers 25:1-13 Phinehas stopped the plague and made atonement for the children of Israel by thrusting his javelin through a man of Israel and the Midianite woman with him.

Avoid plague


Numbers 31:50-54 Offering of jewelry, spoils of war to make atonement for themselves. Memorial

Deuteronomy 21:7-9 Unsolved murder; to avoid charge of guilt of innocent blood on people of Israel.

Avoid charge of guilt of innocent blood

Deuteronomy 32:43 Atonement for His land and His people. The shedding of innocent blood in the midst of the land causes blood guilt upon the people and the land (Deuteronomy 19:10).

Avenge blood of His people; render vengeance to His adversaries

Romans 3:25; Hebrews 2:14-18; 1 John 2:2, 4:10

God set forth Yeshua as a propitiation for the sins of the people by His blood, through faith.

To demonstrate His righteousness, that He might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Yeshua.

As we can see, the blood of the chattat (sin offering) and the asham (guilt/trespass offering) not only atones, but it also makes the

forgiveness of sin and trespasses possible. Through Yeshua’s blood we have redemption, and the forgiveness and cleansing of sins and

trespasses.

• Acts 5:30-32: The God of our fathers raised up Jesus whom you murdered by hanging on a tree. 31 Him God has exalted to His right hand

to be Prince and Savior, to give repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins. 32 And we are His witnesses to these things, and so also is

the Holy Spirit whom God has given to those who obey Him."

• Acts 13:38-40: Therefore let it be known to you, brethren, that through this Man is preached to you the forgiveness of sins; 39 and by

Him everyone who believes is justified from all things from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses.

• Ephesians 1:7: In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of His grace.

• Colossians 1:13-14: He [The Father] has delivered us from the power of darkness and conveyed us into the kingdom of the Son of His

love, 14 in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins.

• Colossians 2:11-15: In Him you were also circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of the sins of

the flesh, by the circumcision (death, cutting-off) of Christ, 12 buried with Him in baptism, in which you also were raised with Him

through faith in the working of God, who raised Him from the dead. 13 And you, being dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of

your flesh, He has made alive together with Him, having forgiven you all trespasses, 14 having wiped out the handwriting of

requirements that was against us, which was contrary to us. And He has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross.

• James 5:15-16: And the prayer of faith will save the sick, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be

forgiven. 16 Confess your trespasses to one another, and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The effective, fervent prayer of

a righteous man avails much.


• 1 John 1:9: If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

vayikra-first half of sh’mini

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