vb circulatory structures
TRANSCRIPT
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And like any machine, the heart
has several layers that enable itto operate.
Let’s take a look at what you needto build a circulatory system.
Your heart is an
extraordinary machine.
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The most basic component
of the heart is its role as a
four-chambered muscle.
The top two chambers are the
atria and the bottom two are
the ventricles.
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood and empties it into the right ventricle;
the left atrium empties oxygenated
blood into the left ventricle.
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Semilunar valves
Atrioventricular valves
In order to pump blood in
and out of the chambers,
the heart needs doors.
The heart’s valves open and
shut, regulating the amountof blood that enters and its
destination.
The atrioventricular valves control the bloodflow into the two ventricles, and are pulled openand closed by fibrous cords called chordae
tendineae.
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The external surface ofthe heart is also known
as epicardium, andis covered by at.
F a c t o i
d : I t i s
c o m p
l e t e l y n o r m
a l t o
h a v e s o
m e f a t
o n t h e s
u r f a c e o f
t h e h e a r t. ( I t ’ s
w h e n t h e
f a t b u i l d s
u p t h a
t
t h e r e ’ s
a p r o b l e
m. )
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The great vessels of the heart are:
They connect the heart to the
arteries and veins that distributeblood throughout the body.
The aortaThe pulmonary trunk
The vena cavae
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The aorta delivers
oxygenated blood from thelet ventricle to the rest
of the body.
F a c t o i d
: T h e a o
r t a i s a p
p r o x i m a
t e l y
2 - 3 c m i n d i a
m e t e r. I
t ’ s t h i c k e
r t h a n a
s t a n d a r d
g a r d e n h o
s e !
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The pulmonary trunk
delivers deoxygenated blood
from the right ventricle tothe lungs.
At the aortic arch, the pulmonary trunk splits intothe pulmonary arteries, which extend intothe lungs. The pulmonary arteries are the onlyarteries in the body that carry venous blood.
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The vena cavae deliver
deoxygenated blood from thetop and lower halves of the
body, respectively, to the right
ventricle.
F a c t o i d : T h e v e n a c a v a e a r e
t h e l a r g e s t v e i n s i n t h e b o d y .
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The heart’s conduction
system does exactly what
it sounds like: it conductselectricity throughout
the heart.
The pulses of electricity motivatethe heart to contract, or beat.
The pathways of the conduction system
are made up of bundles and specializedmuscle fbers within the heart. Electricalsignals move down these pathways.
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4 chambers4 valves4 great vessels
Let’s take a break and recap.
The conduction system motivates the
heart to pump blood.
But where does that blood go?
The heart has:
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Not only does the heart
provide blood for the body’s
organs and tissues, but alsofor itsel. The coronary
vessels supply blood to the
heart.
The arteries supply the heartwith blood, while the veins carry
deoxygenated blood from the
heart tissue into the right atrium.
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The pulmonary
vasculature manages
the passage of bloodbetween the heart and
the lungs, as well as gas
exchange.
Pulmonary arteries move
deoxygenated blood fromthe right ventricle to the lungs.
Pulmonary veins move
oxygenated bloodto thelet atrium for distribution.
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Systematic vasculature
manages blood flow to other
organs and tissues throughoutthe body.
F a c t o i d :
E v e r y h u
m a n b o d y
h a s e n o u
g h v a s c u
l a t u r e t o
w r a p a r o u
n d t h e E a
r t h 2. 4
t i m e s.
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Click the image to watch a demo on cardiac output.
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