vce biology unit 2 - learn.stleonards.vic.edu.au · neap trial exams are licensed to be photocopied...

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Trial Examination 2010

VCE Biology Unit 2

Written Examination

Question and Answer Booklet

Reading time: 15 minutes Writing time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Student’s Name: ______________________________

Teacher’s Name: ______________________________

Structure of Booklet

Section Number of questionsNumber of

questions to be answered

Number of marks

A 25 25 25

B 7 7 50

Total 75

Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpenersand rulers. Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/orwhite out liquid/tape. No calculator is allowed in this examination.

Materials supplied

Question and answer booklet of 20 pages.

Answer sheet for multiple-choice questions.

Instructions

Write your name and teacher’s name on this booklet and in the space provided on the answer sheet formultiple-choice questions. All written responses must be in English.

At the end of the examination

Place the answer sheet for multiple-choice questions inside the front cover of this booklet and handthem in.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

VCE Biology Unit 2 Trial Examination Question and Answer Booklet

2 TEVBIOU2_QA_2010.FM Copyright © 2010 Neap

SECTION A: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question 1

The graph above represents the number of organisms existing in different conditions.

With reference to the above graph, X and Y would represent respectivelyA. tolerance range and optimum range.B. tolerance range and death.C. optimal range and tolerance range.D. optimal range and physiological stress.

Instructions for Section A

Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions.

Choose the response that is correct for the question.

A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0.

Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.

No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.

X

unsuitable

number of organisms

unsuitablepreferred nichemarginal

nichemarginal

niche

Y


Copyright © 2010 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2010.FM 3

The following information relates to Questions 2 to 4.

The diagram below represents a nervous pathway, illustrating a blink response.

When the fly approaches the eye, the person blinks. This is an unconscious response to protect the eye.

Question 2

The pathway illustrated is an example ofA. homeostasis.B. a reflex arc.C. a stimulus and response.D. negative feedback.

Question 3

The neurons represented by Q and S respectively areA. motor and sensory.B. efferent and afferent.C. sensory and motor.D. efferent and sensory.

Question 4

The location of neurons Q, R and S respectively is A. all in the central nervous system (CNS).B. all in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).C. Q and S in the CNS and R in the PNS.D. Q and S in the PNS and R in the CNS.

retina

optic nerve

Q

S

R

eyelid muscle



Question 5

The graph above illustrates the temperature of an organism over a 24 hour period.

Using the above information and your knowledge, it would be expected thatA. body temperature for this organism is under homeostatic control.B. body temperature for this organism fluctuates with the environment.C. the organism can only increase its body temperature.D. the organism can only decrease its body temperature.

Question 6

The hormone responsible for water regulation in animals isA. thyroxine.B. testosterone.C. ADH (anti-diuretic hormone).D. insulin.

Question 7

The plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening isA. ethylene.B. auxin.C. abscisic acid.D. giberellin.

temperature (˚C)

time (24 hour period)

36.0

36.5

37.0



The following information relates to Questions 8 and 9.

The diagram above is of the counter current heat exchange system of a penguin’s foot.

Question 8

In this processA. heat lost by the venule is gained by the arteriole.B. the penguin is unable to stand for long periods on ice.C. the temperature of the blood returning to the body is maintained.D. the body temperature is regulated.

Question 9

Penguins huddle as a means of temperature regulation.

This is achieved A. as individual penguins’ surface areas are reduced and less heat is lost by radiation.B. since penguins can gain heat via conduction from each other.C. by sacrificing the penguins on the outside of the group to ensure survival of those within the group.D. since the penguins as a group would be more threatening to predators.

37˚C

arteriole

24˚C

13˚C

11˚C

22˚C

venule

direction of blood flow

35˚C



The following diagram relates to Questions 10 and 11.

The diagram above shows the pattern of light and dark which induces flowering.

Question 10

Flowering would also be expected in

A.

B.

C.

D.

Question 11

The flowering response is an example ofA. phototropism.B. circadian rhythm.C. photoperiodism.D. geotropism.

6 am noon 6 pm midnight 6 am

flowering

no flowering

dark

light

flash




The diagrams above represent the reproductive events which lead to the development of a joey in the Red Kangaroo Macropus rufus.

Question 12

Using the above data, poor conditions affect A. ovulation.B. diapause.C. the time in the pouch.D. the time outside the pouch.

Question 13

The suspension of development of the joey, diapause, is most likely controlled byA. the mother.B. the foetus.C. food availability.D. external temperature.

Question 14

Mistletoe is a plant which grows on the branches of trees such as Eucalyptus. It taps into the vascular system and gains its nutrition. The mistletoe plant produces seeds that are eaten by the mistletoe bird, which in the process spreads the mistletoe to new trees.

The symbiotic relationships between the Mistletoe–Eucalyptus and Mistletoe–Mistletoe bird is

Mistletoe–Eucalyptus Mistletoe–Mistletoe bird

A. predator/prey mutualism

B. competitors predator/prey

C. parasite/host mutualism

D. mutualism competitors

ovulation and fertilisation

Good conditions

Less favourable conditions

Good conditions become poor(drought)

Poor conditions (drought), rapid and permanent change

1

2

3

4

death

out of pouch semi-independent

in uterus

in pouch

diapause development suspended

development resumes



Question 15

The symbiotic relationship which benefits one of the species and has no effect on the other isA. herbivory.B. parasitism.C. predation.D. commensalism.


The diagram below shows the nitrogen cycle.

Question 16

The nitrogen would be returned to the air at point X byA. nitrogen fixation.B. denitrification.C. nitrification.D. decomposition.

Question 17

The nitrogen entering at Y is viaA. nitrogen fixation.B. denitrification.C. nitrification.D. decomposition.

nitrogen gas N2

plants

nitrate

nitrifyingbacteria

ammonia

Y

X




The food web above is of a freshwater ecosystem.

Question 18

A second order carnivore isA. trout.B. tadpole.C. silver perch.D. duck.

Question 19

If a non-biodegradable substance such as mercury was inadvertently and illegally put into this ecosystem, the highest concentration per gram of body tissue would be found in A. humans.B. snakes.C. ducks.D. freshwater algae.

Question 20

Many Australian frogs have been infected and affected by a fungus which severely reduces their numbers. As a consequence, tadpole numbers have also been reduced.

Using only the information in the food web above, the animal most affected by the decrease in tadpoles would beA. ducks.B. silver perch.C. trout.D. yabbies.

kookaburra

trout

pelicanhuman

duck

silver perch

yabbytadpole

daphnia

euglena

freshwater algae

mosquito larvae

snake




The diagram above indicates the energy transfer through a food chain. The percentages represent the proportion of energy passed onto the next level.

Question 21

For each trophic level, most energyA. is passed to the next trophic level.B. is converted to heat.C. ends up in biomass.D. ends up as detritus.

Question 22

X in each trophic level represents energyA. used by the organisms.B. stored as biomass.C. passed onto the next trophic level.D. produced by cellular respiration.

8 000 000 kJ

absorbed

2 000 000 kJ

65%

25%

25%

65%

65% 10%

10%

10%producers

X 100 000 kJ

herbivore X 25 000 kJ

carnivore X 6000 kJhe

at fr

om m

etab

olis

m

detr

itus



Question 23

Within an ecosystem, energyA. cycles.B. is used up.C. is created.D. is transformed.

Question 24

When considering this system, most energy which reaches the ecosystem isA. reflected back into space.B. absorbed by producers.C. incorporated by producers.D. passed on by producers.

Question 25

When considering an ecosystem and a community,A. an ecosystem is a component of a community.B. ecosystems consist of biotic components only, whereas communities consist of both biotic and

abiotic components.C. an ecosystem consists of communities and abiotic factors.D. ecosystems and communities are independent.



SECTION B: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 1

The above photograph is of a bilby. Bilbies are a small nocturnal marsupials.

a. With reference to the picture above, describe two features that would assist the bilby’s nocturnal nature.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

b. How would large ears benefit the bilby in a hot environment?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

Total 4 marks

Instructions for Section B

Answer this section in pen.

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.



Question 2

The photograph above shows an active dog on a warm day. Use the photograph to answer the following questions.

a. What is the biological term which describes a steady state in an organism?

_________________________________________________________________________________1 mark

b. Describe two behaviours a dog could use to reduce its body temperature on a hot day.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

c. i. Fur traps a layer of air, reducing heat loss.

This is an example of what type of adaptation?

____________________________________________________________________________

ii. Some animals have the ability to lose (moult) fur prior to summer and to grow thicker hair prior to winter.

This ability is an example of what type of adaptation?

____________________________________________________________________________1 + 1 = 2 marks

Total 5 marks



Question 3

The raising of chickens for egg production has greatly increased in suburban areas. People’s awareness of the plight of ‘battery hens’, their desire to recycle and be self-sufficient have all contributed to this.

a. For each of the scenarios presented below, identify the type of behaviour that is being exhibited.

i. Hens will incubate a clutch of eggs for approximately three weeks.

Observation: On hatching, the young chicks follow their mother. It has also been shown that young chicks will follow humans if the mother is not present.

___________________________________________________________________________

ii. Fowls will cluck when food is seen and presented.

Observation: Food is kept in a garden shed, out of sight of the hens. The door is squeaky. After a few weeks, whenever anyone goes to the shed and the door squeaks, the chickens cluck loudly even though no food is presented.

___________________________________________________________________________

iii. A false egg is placed in a nesting box.

Observation: Hens lay eggs where the false egg is.

___________________________________________________________________________

iv. When chickens are given unfamiliar food, it is not initially eaten.

Observation: When an eggplant, a large purple fruit, is given, it remains uneaten for several days but is then eventually eaten. Over time, subsequent presentations of eggplants result in them being more easily and rapidly eaten. The skin is quickly pierced and its contents eaten.

___________________________________________________________________________1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 marks

b. For the situations above, which of i–iv are innate?

________________________________________________________________________________1 mark



c. The diagram below illustrates a rookery of gannets.

Gannets are territorial birds, feeding on fish over a wide area. When the breeding season occurs, the hens nest in a rookery, a large noisy area where birds defend their nest areas, and which are in very close proximity to each other.

i. What would determine the distance the birds nest from each other?

____________________________________________________________________________

ii. Define the term ‘territory’.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________1 + 1 = 2 marks

Total 7 marks

Question 4

Many seeds were planted in pots and observed over a period of one week. The results were collated and a summary is illustrated below.

a. What is a growth response in a plant called?

_________________________________________________________________________________1 mark

b. What stimulus is the shoot responding to at day 5 and day 7? Explain your answer.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

tussock grass

gannet hens sitting on nests

rocky ground

gannet hens sitting on nests

1Day

pot

roots

coleoptile (first part of

shoot system)soil

3 5 7



c. The diagram below is an enlargement of the coleoptile at day 7.

In the space provided, draw the coleoptile’s response and explain your answer.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

d. Name the plant hormone involved in these growth responses.

________________________________________________________________________________1 mark

e. In another experiment, the coleoptile tip is covered with a piece of foil. See below.

What would you expect the plant’s response to be? Explain your answer.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

Total 8 marks

light

lightfoil cap

?



Question 5

The above food web centres around a fruit tree.

a. Name two animals that are competitors. State the resource for which they compete.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

b. In terms of feeding, classify the following.

i. brown hawk

____________________________________________________________________________

ii. snail

____________________________________________________________________________

iii. bacteria

____________________________________________________________________________1 + 1 + 1 = 3 marks

c. Name two abiotic factors affecting the fruit tree.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

FRUIT TREE

dead fruit and leaves

rats

blackbirds

brown hawk

rainbow lorikeetwattlebird

possum

snails worms decayed fruit and leaves

fungi, e.g. yeast

bacteria

fruit leaves



d. The activities of the different organisms would vary depending upon seasonal changes and as a consequence of food availability.

i. With respect to the possums, describe what effect seasons would have on food availability.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

ii. If food is unavailable and the climate is unsuitable, what is a suitable solution that some animals adopt?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________2 + 1 = 3 marksTotal 10 marks



Question 6

The graphs above illustrate the relationships between pasture, rabbit and fox numbers.

a. i. Explain the term ‘carrying capacity’.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

ii. What is the carrying capacity with respect to rabbits?

____________________________________________________________________________1 + 1 = 2 marks

b. Are foxes entirely dependent on rabbits? Justify your answer.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

c. What effect does an increase in pasture have on the rabbit population? Fully explain your answer.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

d. Apart from migration, what other two factors determine the changes in a population?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

Total 8 marks

number of rabbits

per hectare

years

0100200300400500

number of foxes

per hectare

0

1

2

3

4

5

percentage pasturecover

0

20

40

60

80



Question 7

One method to determine the total population of an area is the Lincoln index:

Sample A; all animals caught are marked and released.

Later on,

Sample B; animals are collected at random, the number counted and the number which were marked (recaptured) are counted.

a. i. If ten animals were marked in Sample A and twenty animals were caught in sample B, of which two were previously marked, what is the total population estimate?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

ii. Describe two reasons why this method could be inaccurate.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________2 + 2 = 4 marks

b. Describe a method which could be used for the following scenarios.

i. estimating the number of trees in a forest

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

ii. estimating the number of microscopic organisms in a pond

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________2 + 2 = 4 marks

Total 8 marks

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET

total population number of marked animals, sample A total number in sample × Bnumber marked in sample B

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