vdr / lr symposium ballast water treatment · pdf filevdr / lr symposium ballast water...

Ballast water ManagementLLOYD’S REGISTER EMEA

VDR / LR Symposium Ballast Water Treatment Systems

July 2009, Hamburg /Leer

Ramona ZettelmaierPrincipal Marine Development SpecialistMarine Consultancy Service, Manager CEA

© 2001 Lloyd’s Register of Shipping

Ballast Water ManagementLLOYD’S REGISTER EMEA

An introduction to Ballast Water Management

• What is the problem/Why still manage ballast water

• The Convention and it’s requirements

• Managing ballast water / discussed methods

• Approval status at IMO and National requirements

• The future / Conclusion


What is the problem?


Zebra Mussels 1988


Zebra Mussels 1995


Zebra Mussels 2005


Beispiel: Rippenqualle (Mnemiopsis leidyi).Herkunftsgebiet und Verbreitung


Verbreitung der Rippenqualleim Schwarzen und Asowschen Meer

1987 1988

2001 http://www.zin.ru/projects/invasions/gaas/mnelei3r.htm2000


Verbreitung der Rippenqualleim Kaspischen Meer

1999 2000 2001

http://www.zin.ru/projects/invasions/gaas/mnelei3r.htm2000

Diese Art wird zu einer der 10 "World's Worst Invaders" gerechnet.


Ökonomische Auswirkungen: Rückgang der kommerziellen Fischerträge im Schwarzen Meer nach der Invasion der Rippenqualle

http://www.zin.ru/projects/invasions/gaas/mnelei3r.htm2000

Verluste in Fischwirtschaft: 250 Mill. US $ (http://www.marine.csiro.au)


Why have a ballast water convention?

• The effects of unwanted organisms has been known for a considerable time

• National authorities are requesting already BWM for ships prior entering their ports, ie. USA, Canada, Chile, Australia...etc.

• November 1997 Introduction of IMO Resolution A.868(20) „Guidelines for the control and management of ship‘s ballast water to minimize the transfer of harmful aquatic organisnm and pathogens“

• The IMO have been discussing the issues involved and working towards a convention for more than 15 years

Ballast water ManagementLLOYD’S REGISTER EMEA

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION

FOR THE CONTROL

AND MANAGEMENT

OF SHIPS’ BALLAST WATER

Adopted Friday 13 February 2004


The Convention When will the Convention enter into force?

The convention will enter into force 12 months

after at least 30 States, the combined merchant

fleets of which constitute at least 35 % of the gross

tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping

To date there are 18 signatories to the convention (15,36% of world merchant fleet)


The ConventionWhat does the convention require?

All ships will be required to:

carry out ballast water and sediment management on all voyages have on board an approved ballast water management plan and a ballast water record bookShips of 400 gt and above subject to surveys and certification


The Convention Ballast water managements options

• All ships will be required to:

Carry out Ballast Water Exchange (BWE) to the standard required by the convention (sequential, flow through and dilution method) (D1-standard) or

Use an approved ballast water treatment system that meets the standards of the convention (D2-standard)


The Convention Ballast water exchange standards D1

• BWE to be to an efficiency of at least 95 % volumetric exchange of Ballast Water or

• pumping through three times the volume of each Ballast Water tank is considered to meet the standard described above.

• (Pumping through less than three times the volume may be accepted, provided the ship can demonstrate that at least 95% volumetric exchange is met.)


The Convention Treatment systems standards D2

• less than 10 viable organisms per cubic metre greater than or

equal to 50 micrometers in minimum dimension and

• less than 10 viable organisms per millilitre less than 50

micrometers in minimum dimension and greater than or equal

to 10 micrometers in minimum dimension;

• and discharge of the indicator microbes shall not exceed the

specified concentrations.


The Convention Control Sediments

Wash tanks regularly

Monitor sediment volume regularly

Remove sediments regularly

Prevent sediment build up


The Convention What to do and when

Vessels constructed before 2009:Ballast water capacity 1,500m3 to 5,000m3; Exchange or Treatment until 2014; Treatment after 2014.

Ballast water capacity less than 1,500m3 or more than 5,000m3; Exchange or Treatment until 2016; Treatment after 2016.

Vessels to comply by the first intermediate or renewal survey, which ever comes first, after the anniversary date of delivery.

<1500>5000


The Convention , What to do and when,NEW Agreement November 2007

Vessels constructed IN 2009 ONLY !

Ballast water capacity less than 5000m; Exchange or Treatment until 2010; Treatment after 2010. Postponement of 1 Year

<1500>5000

--------------->


The Convention Ballast water managements options

Methods

Exchange Treatment Isolation

Flow through Sequential Dilution Mechanical Physical Chemical Receptionfacilities

Return to origin


Water Ballast Exchange Safety Issues

Sloshing loads

Bending moments

Sheer forces

Stability margins

Weather window

Torsional stresses

Tank venting

Draft Propeller immersion

Crew safety


Deteriorating condition makes matters worse


IMO Guidelines• There are 14 sets of guidelines associated with the Convention

•Two relate to ballast water management operations

Guidelines for Ballast Water Management and Development of Ballast Water management Plans

Guidelines for Ballast water Exchange•Three relate the approval of treatment systems

•Two relate to reception facilities

•The remainder relate to surveys, PSC and flag administrations


IMO Latest Developments

MEPC 53 / MEPC 58 has adopted (G1-G14):• Guidelines for BWM and development of BWM Plans

(Res. MEPC.127(53))• Guidelines for BW Exchange (Res. MEPC.124(53))• Guidelines for approval of BWM Systems (Res. MEPC.

174(58)) incl active substances (Res MEPC.169(57))• Guidelines for BWM Equivalent Compliance

(MEPC.123(53))• At least Guideline (G2) (MEPC.123(53)) still to be fully

adopted, to be discussed at MEPC 59 July 2009 – BLG Sub Committee to develop an IMO circular


The Future

Treatment systems


Generic types of process technologyCyclonic Separation

Feed

Light Phase

Dense Phase

Ultra violet system


Approval Requirements

• Treatment systems will be required to be approved in accordance with Resolution MEPC.174(58) “Guidelines for Approval of Ballast Water Management Systems” and with MEPC.169(57)“Guidelines for Approval of BWM systems that make use of active substances”

• The guidelines contain recommendations for design, installation,performance, testing and approval of the system (s)

-> Approval of active substances (G9)-> Initial (basic) Approval by GESAMP

-> Approval Flag State (land and shipboard test) (G8)-> Final Approval by GESAMP

-> Type Approval Flag State (TA Certificate)


Ballast Water Treatment

• Must be safe (For ship and crew)

• Must be environmentally acceptable.

• Must be cost-effective.

• Must work

• Must be approved


Treatment systems with Type Approval at latest July 2009

CountryTreatment TechnologyName

Norway, predicted by 2009Cavitation + Supersaturation(Filter/Nitrogen-stema Membran/Kavitation), biocide hybride

OceanSaver

USA, June 2009Electrolytic(Autofilter/electrolytic (UV))

Hyde Marine Clean Ballast, Hyde Guardian

Korea, granted Jannuary 2009UVC (2000J/m²)Hydrocyclon / UVC

TechCross / Electro-Clean-System

Korea – US , granted Sep 2007Deoxygeneration + cavitation, VenturiNEI Treatment Systems LLC, VOS system

Germany, granted July 2008PeracleanOcean(Hydrocylcon/Finefilter/Chem.)

SednaSystem

Sweden, granted July 2008Advanced oxidation/ AOT(Autofilter/UV/Photolyse)

PureBallast


Treatment systems: Final Approval - at MEPC 59 , July 2009

Germany, grantedElectrolytic(Autofilter/electrolytic)

Clean Ballast, RWO


US / Germany, ??CLO2, chemical add chlorineEcoChlor

Netherlands, ??Electro-chemical (HC-electrol)Greenship Sedinox

Japan, not released finalMagnetic flocculation methodHitachi , Clear Ballast

Korea, ??Filtration - UVGloEn – Patrol

South Africa, ??HD cavitation – O3 – NaOCl hybrid(electro-chemical)

Recource BT (Ballast Technologies), Unitor

US/Korea, grantedFiltration - ozonationNKO 3, RoK

Japan, not grantedHD cavitation – O3 - CLJAMS , special Pipe Hybrid


Treatment systems: Final/Basic Approval - at MEPC 59 , July 2009

At least 36 companies and their technologies are progressing towards approval !!

Germany, basic not releasedFilter - NaOCISiemens SiCURE

China, basic grantedSep / Filter / UV (HC – LPUV)Blue Ocean Shield


Germany, Basic not releasedUltrasound / UVAquaTricomb

Korea, final grantedFilter / UVHyundai HI - Eco Ballast


National Ballast Water Management Requirements• In the moment 24 countries/areas are already requiring BWM for ships

prior entering their ports (currently D1 (+D2) Standard +BWMP)

• Argentinia (DPMA, 1998) • Antarctica (2006, MEPC55)• Buenos Aires (local, 1990) • Australia (AQIS, 2001)• Brazil (Portos E Costas, 2006)• Canada (Transport Canada, 2000) • Chile (Chilean Navy, 1995)• Egypt (port Authorities Alexandria,unknown)• Georgia (Env protection Ministry, unknown)• Israel (Ministry of Transport, 1994)• Lithuania (unknown)• New Zealand (Ministry of Fisheries, 1998/2005)• Panama (Canal Authority, 1999)• Peru (General Directorate of Captainships and Coastguards as the Maritime Authority,2006)• Russia (Novorossiysk Port Authority, 2006)• Ukraine (Odessa and Yuzhnyy, unknown)• US (US coast guard, 2004)• UK (Orkney Island Council,1998 – receiption facilities)• State of Vancouver (port corporation, 1998)• Victoria (Victorian Government, 2006)


The Future The ballast free ship concept


Conclusions

New BW convention adopted by the IMO 13 February 2004

Guidelines associated with the Convention are being developed to be finalised

Some countries require already ballast management now

Technical investigations for treatment systems are close to the final IMO approval

Final Type Appoval has been given to 6 companies to date

An early decision should be made on what BWM method(s) are to be used for new buildings

• Ship design should take into account BWM

• A BWM plan should be produced for ballast exchange operations to safeguard the ship


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