1

BiodieselAs an Alternative fuel

• Modernisation and increase in the number of automotives worldwide, the consumption of diesel has enormously increased.

• There are steps taken to replace diesel fuel due to crisis of fossil fuel.

• conventional diesel fuel derived from fossil fuels.

• biodiesel fuel made from vegetable oils.

• this presentation will cover three main areas:

• Viscosity

• Heating value and cetane number

• biodiesel Modification

Introduction

Quantitative data from different related articles

were analyzed to investigate the possibility of

use biodiesel in I.C engines.

Methodology

Finding 1 • The viscosity of vegetable oils differs in the range of 30-40 cSt at 38 °C.

• The huge molecular mass is the reason of the high viscosity in these oils in the range of 600-900 kg/m3,

Vegetable oil Kinematic viscosity at

38°C (cSt)

Cetane No.

Heating value (MJ/kg)

Cloud point (°C)

Pour point (°C)

Flash point (°C)

Density

(kg/l)

Diesel 3.06 50 43.8 – –16 76 0.855

Corn 34.9 37.6 39.5 - 1.1 - 40.0 277 0.9095

Cottonseed 33.5 41.8 39.5 1.7 -15.0 234 0.9148

Crambe 53.6 44.6 40.5 10.0 - 12.2 274 0.9048

Linseed 27.2 34.6 39.3 1.7 -15.0 241 0.9236

Peanut 39.6 41.8 39.8 12.8 -6.7 271 0.9026

Rapeseed 37.0 37.6 39.7 -3.9 -31.7 246 0.9115

Safflower 31.3 41.3 39.5 18.3 -6.7 260 0.9144

Sesame 35.5 40.2 39.3 -3.9 -9.4 260 0.9133

Soya bean 32.6 37.9 39.6 -3.9 -12.2 254 0.9138

Sunflower 33.9 37.1 39.6 7.2 -15.0 274 0.9161

Palm 39.6 42.0 – 31.0 – 267 0.9180

Finding 2 • The heating value of different vegetable oils are nearly 90 % of diesel fuel in the range of 39-40 MJ/KG compared to 45 MJ/KG for diesel fuel.

• Cetane numbers are in the range of 35-50, it is similar to that of diesel fuel.

Vegetable oil Kinematic viscosity at

38°C (cSt)

Cetane No.

Heating value (MJ/kg)

Cloud point (°C)

Pour point (°C)

Flash point (°C)

Density

(kg/l)

Diesel 3.06 50 43.8 – –16 76 0.855

Corn 34.9 37.6 39.5 - 1.1 - 40.0 277 0.9095

Cottonseed 33.5 41.8 39.5 1.7 -15.0 234 0.9148

Crambe 53.6 44.6 40.5 10.0 - 12.2 274 0.9048

Linseed 27.2 34.6 39.3 1.7 -15.0 241 0.9236

Peanut 39.6 41.8 39.8 12.8 -6.7 271 0.9026

Rapeseed 37.0 37.6 39.7 -3.9 -31.7 246 0.9115

Safflower 31.3 41.3 39.5 18.3 -6.7 260 0.9144

Sesame 35.5 40.2 39.3 -3.9 -9.4 260 0.9133

Soya bean 32.6 37.9 39.6 -3.9 -12.2 254 0.9138

Sunflower 33.9 37.1 39.6 7.2 -15.0 274 0.9161

Palm 39.6 42.0 – 31.0 – 267 0.9180

Finding 3 Vegetable oils modifications

vegetable oils can be modified to become similar to diesel fuel by transesterification and blending methods .

Sl. no.

Fuel Relative

density

Kinematic

viscosity

(cSt)

Calorific value (MJ/kg)

Flash point (°C)

1 Karanja oil

0.912 27.84 34.00 205

2 B100 0.876 9.60 36.12 187

3 B20 0.848 3.39 38.28 79

4 B40 0.856 4.63 37.85 81

5 B60 0.864 5.42 37.25 84

6 B80 0.869 6.56 36.47 92

7 Diesel 0.846 2.60 42.21 52

Viscosity: Reduction of viscosity of vegetable oils is the best way to avoid these problems and improve the performance of the fuel engine

The heating value and Cetane number: heating values are almost similar to diesel also vegetable oils have a reasonable high cetane number which makes the engine works rapidly.

Discussion

Advantages of vegetable oils after modifications:

• contains low aromatics.

• It has a reasonable cetane number and hence possesses less knocking tendency.

• Low sulphur content and hence environment friendly.

• Enhanced lubricity, thereby no major modification is required in the engine.

Discussion

Problems of environment pollution and energy

shortage can be avoided by shift of our energy

economy from fossil fuels to biodiesel fuel.

Conclusion

• Balakrishna. (2012). vegetable oil as a fuel in C.I engines: problems and

possible solution. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 4(11), pp.1-2.

• Jaichandar, S. Annamalai, K. (2011). The Status of Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 2 (2011), pp. 71-75.

• Kasundra, Paresh. Gohil, Ashish. (2011). Performance Test of CI Engine with DifferentVegetable Oil as a Fuel. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 21(3), p.31.

thank you

“Design” involves the people who need something and the people who can make stuff.

References