Vegetables are Sensitive to Many Field Crop Herbicides by Julie Kikkert

Weeds seemed to have emerged as quickly as the field corn I’ve seen so far this year. Those weedy fields will soon be sprayed with herbicides – many of which can stunt or kill vegeta-ble crops. Herbicides that contain dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, Distinct, Marksman, NorthStar, Status, Yukon), 2,4-D (Crossbow, Shotgun), and mesotrione (Callisto, Camix, Halex GT, Lexar, Lumax), are particularly troublesome. We will see even more of these products used in the future as both dicamba and 2,4-D resistant field corn and soybeans are being devel-oped http://ipm.illinois.edu/ifvn/volume16/frveg1608.html#dicamba.

Damage has been seen both from drift of these herbicides (Fig. 1) or because spray tanks were improperly cleaned out (Fig. 2) before application of pesticides to vegetables. Dicamba and 2,4-D are plant growth regulators which cause leaf cupping, twisting, and death. In one case, an entire field of cabbage was lost because damaged plants did not form marketable heads. I've seen damage to both peas and cole crops from mesotrione. Leaves of the susceptible plants turned white or had white blotches on them. In one case, young seedlings were completely killed from spray drift that moved across a 20 ft wide hedge row and then 30 ft or more into the adjoining vegetable field.

Vegetable growers should inform their neighbors who grow corn of the risk from these herbicides. Buffers of 50 to 100 ft are recommended. Avoid spraying when condi-tions are favorable for atmospheric inversion or

Volume 7, Issue 11 June 8, 2011

Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program

Cornell University

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Contents General

Vegs Sensitive to Many Field Crop Herbicides ........ 1 Cover Crops for Unplanted Acres ............................ 3 Footnote to 35 Years of Planting Seasons .............. 2 Farmers Market News: Promo Funds Available ...... 7

Dates .......................................................................... 2

Sponsors ..................................................................... 7

Weather Charts .......................................................... 7

Crops Crops: Tidbits & Insights .......................................... 5 Cabbage & Cole Crops: Diamondback Moths ......... 4 Onion Ground Unplanted: Try Cover Crops ............ 3 Peppers: Slugs ......................................................... 2 Potatoes: Late Blight SV Accumulations ................. 6 Sweet Corn: Trap Network Report, 6/7/11 ............. 4 Sweet Corn: Clipping Curiosities May be Geese ..... 6

Continued on page 2

Fig. 1. Injury from drift of

mesotrione applied to

nearby field corn.

Fig. 2. Same sprayer was used for cabbage

after application of dicamba to field

corn. Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Original article appeared in the May 18th issue of Veg Edge Weekly

C. MacNeil, CVP: In 1947 Ralph Hemminger, Dale’s

father, began farming on his own. That same year Ed Hansen’s (Sr) father died and young Ed’s responsibilities undoubtedly grew. Howard Hemminger, Dale’s uncle, remembers the year well. Howard says, “They never turned a wheel in the area until June 13th.” A TV weatherman recently reported that 1947 was the wettest spring on record in Rochester with 15” of rain in 3 months. It shows that isolated weather extremes are nothing new.

June 8, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 11 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 2

Continued from cover

wind drift. Spray when wind is moving away from sensitive crops, use larger droplets, lower boom heights, and lower pressures. For more info on reduc-ing pesticide drift, see http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/landers/pestapp/index.htm

It's always best not to use the same spray equipment on sensitive crops. However, where this is necessary, proper clean out of the spray tank is a must. Read the product labels for details on sprayer clean out.

Dates... June 14 - Farm IT: How to Use Web Soil Survey to Know Your Soils Better 7-9pm, Cornell Food & Agricultural Technology Park, 500 Technology Farm Dr., Geneva. Learn how to use the power of Web Soil Survey, a genuinely useful and free database & map set. Real examples of ways to view a complete map of soils on your property will be used, learn how to interpret the symbols and colors, calculate acreages of various fields, and make plans to develop your country property. A few other free on-line sources of property images, data, and maps will be reviewed and how to navigate them. Cost: $10 per person, space limited. To REGISTER: Call Nancy Ander-son at 585-394-3977 x427 or send name, address and phone number to nea8@cornell.edu

June 27 - Identification, Management & Updates in Forecasting Tomato/Potato Late Blight 6:30-8:30pm, CCE Monroe Co, 249 Highland Ave, Roch-ester. No fee but pre-registration required. A light supper will be served. DEC pesticide credits available. Contact Carol MacNeil at crm6@cornell.edu or 585-313-8796.

June 27 - Farm IT: Online Relationship Marketing of Your Farm 7-9pm, Cornell Food & Agricultural Technology Park, Geneva. Keeping in touch with farm customers using popular social networking tools takes time and effort, so is it worth it? Dig into the practical side of on-line social media like Twitter, ConstantContact, and Face-book. The objective is to help you decide which, if any, can be a benefit to your farm. See examples of how social media should and should not be used as part of your farm marketing plan. Cost: $10 per person, space limited. To REGISTER: Call Nancy Anderson at 585-394-3977 x427 or send name, address and phone number to nea8@cornell.edu

July 13 - 2011 Cornell University Vegetable Weed Science Field Day H.C. Thompson Research Farm, Freeville, NY (10 miles Northeast of Ithaca, Fall Creek Rd, Rt. 366 Extension, 8:00 am Registration, 8:30 am – 11:30 am Vegetable Crop Weed Control (with Dr. Robin Bellinder). $8 per person. Pre-Register by July 11th by contacting Maxine Welcome, 607-255-5439 or mw45@cornell.edu

J. Reid, CVP: In wet years such as 2011, slugs can be a critical pest for a number of crops. Often damage from slugs goes unnoticed until harvest, at which time feeding holes can be seen on fruit (including tomatoes and eggplant). However when populations are high feeding damage to leaves can stunt young plants. In worst case scenarios growing points are destroyed (see photo of slug damage on peppers).

Slugs thrive in situations where there is high organic matter, includ-ing decaying plant tissue. Although we promote soil conservation measures such as mulch and the inter-seeding of cover crops, these practices encourage slugs. Conversely tillage lowers slug popula-tions. Thus, there is no single recommendation to make, as there are more goals than slug control when one considers how to ap-proach soil management. Fortunately there are some chemical con-trol options, organic and otherwise.

Control Materials: Deadline Bullets (Metaldehyde) has a label for peppers, tomatoes and eggplant at a rate of 20-40 lbs per acre. The applicator is warned to not contaminate any edible portion of the plant with the product, which has a 12 hr REI.

Iron phosphate (under various labels) is also labeled to control slugs (and snails) in peppers, tomatoes and eggplant. The OMRI approved formulation is marketed as SLUGGO and has 0 hrs REI. The rate is approximately 1lb per 1000 sq ft, or 20-44 lbs per acre.

Surround WP has shown 100% slug mor-tality within 48 hours of appli-cation accord-ing to research by Cornell sci-entists (Shelton and Plate); however this label does not include slugs as a target pest under peppers, tomatoes or eggplant, and is therefore not an approved use at this time.

Slugs on Peppers

35 Years of PLANTING SEASONS

Footnote to...

Slug damage on peppers

June 8, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 11 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 3

Growers are advised to contact their crop insurance agent if they were un-able to plant an insured crop by the last planting date, or if they’ve lost a crop to excess rain, etc. Whether a crop was insured or not they should contact the Farm Service Agency office in their area. Farmers with unplanted acres have a few options for these acres. They can plant an alternative crop on uninsured acres, leave them fallow, work on improving drainage, or plant a cover crop.

Planting a cover crop on unplanted acres will provide protection from ero-sion, improve the soil, suppress weeds, sequester crop nutrients for the next crop, and in some cases “grow” nitro-gen (N) and suppress diseases. Select-ing a cover crop should be based on the desired outcome, cost, ease of management, time of planting, soil characteristics and crop rotation. Some options would include oats, ce-real rye or wheat, ryegrass, sorghum-sudan, sudangrass, a variety of crucifer cover crops, medium red clover, buck-wheat, etc. Each of these cover crop species provides different benefits. Select the one that will meet your goals.

Buckwheat is a short-seasoned sum-mer crop which is excellent at crowding out weeds and aggregating soil but it doesn’t tolerate compact soil. It must be killed before seed sets. Sorghum-sudan and sudangrass are summer crops which produce a lot of biomass but must be mowed a couple of times and incorporated in the fall because of woody stems which can interfere with next spring’s planting. Legumes like medium red clover and hairy vetch can grow substantial N for next year’s crop but should not be used if you already have a lot of legumes (beans, peas, soybeans, etc) in your rotation. Red clover can be planted anytime. Vetch is typically planted with a grass nurse crop in the late summer/early fall. Vetch seed can’t easily be separated from wheat.

Brown mustards (Florida Broadleaf, Caliente 199, Pacific Gold) can be grown as a shorter season cover in the summer for weed and disease suppres-sion. Other crucifer cover crops have a variety of benefits depending on the species including weed suppression, soil aggregation, deep roots, but re-quire a moderate N fertilizer rate to maximize their growth. Some bolt quickly, others slowly, but you need to incorporate before the earliest flowers set seed. If you grow a lot of cabbage, other crucifers (including crucifer greens) you should probably not use a crucifer cover crop. Forage radishes (Tillage Radish, GroundHog) are best seeded by mid-late August. They are getting to be well known for their thick, fleshy taproots and deep fibrous tap roots which can break through com-paction. They usually winter kill (the fleshy taproots fully breakdown). For-age turnips more often survive the win-ter requiring prompt killing to avoid seed set. Refer to the 8/10 Veg Edge for a good crucifer cover crop sum-mary.

Oats winterkill and need to be planted by early fall but could be planted ear-lier, or in the early spring. Ryegrass is very good at aggregating soil but needs to be planted by late summer and its sod may be hard to kill in the early spring. Rye can be planted the latest, to mid-October or later, but must be killed early, at no more than 6 – 8” tall next spring, for easiest kill and greatest overall benefits. Wheat is more man-ageable than rye.

Sequential planting of a summer cover and then a fall cover crop may provide the best benefit. Mixtures that include crucifers or legumes and a grass may also provide the best combination of results desired. Caution is needed when planting seeds of different sizes as they will separate in the seed hop-per and may require very different planting depths. Also, for fast-growing, aggressive cover crops, use a lower percentage in the mix.

For much more information on select-ing a cover crop and on the characteris-tics of the various species go to the Cornell Cover Crops website at: http://covercrop.net or the Midwest Cover Crop Council website at: http://mcccdev.anr.msu.edu/

Cover Crops for Unplanted Acres

Paul Gross, Michigan State Extension News, 5/26; (edited by C. MacNeil with info from T. Bjorkman, Cornell)

Onion Ground Out of Production? Experiment with Crucifer Cover Crops C. Hoepting, CVP; edited by CRM: Growers who will be taking onion ground out of production this year due to prevented planting or crop failure due to water damage have some oppor-tunities to improve drainage and soil quality. Many growers will take this year to improve drainage via deep rip-ping in some of these fields. It could also be a good opportunity to experi-ment with some different cover crops, such as crucifer cover crops.

Brown mustard (varieties Florida Broad-leaf, Caliente 199, Pacific Gold) can be planted in the spring or summer par-ticularly for its biofumigant properties. When these mustards are grown in the heat of summer they produce glucosi-nolates, which are toxic to many micro-organisms, especially damping off pathogens, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and Fusarium spp. Brown mustard would require some nitrogen at plant-ing and would need to be chopped at flowering (but before the earliest flow-ers set seed) when the plants contain the highest levels of glucosinolates. Chopped plants need to be incorpo-rated into the soil within 30 minutes of chopping. Use of Brown mustard in Michigan has proven highly effective for improving stand for onions grown on muck soil. There are also some growers in NY that have started to experiment with Brown mustard in rotation with onions grown on muck in New York.

Forage radish, or “tillage rad-ish” (varieties Tillage radish or Ground-Hog) is a crucifer cover crop that can be planted in late August for improving drainage and breaking up hard pans. It can make 2-inch wide holes in the plow layer and has a thin tap root that ex-tends several feet deep. It usually win-ter kills leaving deep drainage channels in its place.

June 8, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 11 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 4

The warm weather of the past week has brought on diamondback moths (DBM), which can be found in most fields and some fields needing to be sprayed. The critical growth stage to control DBM is from the 8 leaf stage until head formation. Look for newly hatched larvae in the heart leaves where their feeding leaves tiny brown scarring. Once they get bigger, they generally feed on the undersides of leaves making small irregular holes (windows) leaving the upper leaf sur-

drops to 5% through harvest. Bts (Dipel, Xentari, etc.) are all very effec-tive against ICW and can also be used for DBM at low populations. Avaunt, Radiant, Coragen, Voliam Xpress and Proclaim are also very effective against all the main worm pests and are rec-ommended if high populations of DBMs appear. Pyrethroids are gener-ally effective for ICW but note that their use is sometimes associated with a buildup of DBM.

face intact. This type of injury generally does not affect yield UNLESS popula-tions are high or the DBM are feeding in the heartleaves prior to head forma-tion. When scouting, be sure to look at both the undersides of leaves as well as digging into the heart leaves. DBM wriggle when prodded and hang by a silk thread. In seedlings, treatment is warranted if 20% (all worms included) of plants are infested. The threshold rises to 30% infestation in the early vegetative to cupping stage and then

Cabbage & Other Cole Crops: Diamondback Moths

Diamondback moth feeding damage in heart leaves.

Diamondback moth feeding (window paning) on undersides of leaves.

Diamondback moth larvae.

European corn borer numbers have increased from last week at several locations, and egg masses were found in a field in the early tassel stage in Yates county and a field in Erie county. Corn earworm moths are being caught in numbers higher than we have seen at this time of year. While we usually think of corn earworm laying eggs on silks and primarily damaging the ear, they will feed on whorl stage corn if silk stage is not available. Feeding resembles that of fall armyworm more than European corn borer (see photo). Find more photos of corn earworm damage on whorl stage corn at http://bulletin.ipm.illinois.edu/article.php?id=973.

Low numbers of fall armyworm were caught at a couple of locations.

Fields in or approaching the tassel stage in areas with high moth counts should receive an insecticide application this week to control newly hatched ECB and CEW larvae. Keep in mind that there have been reports of pyrethroid resistance in corn earworm populations in other parts of the US, but resistance has not yet been documented here. Moths arriving from other areas may or may not be resistant.

WNY Sweet Corn Trap Network Report, 6/7/11

Abby Seaman, NYS IPM Program

ECB ECB

Location -E -Z CEW FAW WBC

Batavia (Genesee) 2 0 1 0 NA

Bellona (Ontario) NA NA NA NA NA

Eden (Erie) 0 8 19 0 3

Farmington (Ontario) 51 0 0 0 NA

Hamlin (Monroe) NA NA NA NA NA

LeRoy (Genesee) NA NA NA NA NA

Lockport (Niagara) 0 0 0 0 NA

Penn Yan (Yates) 15 10 3 0 NA

Spencerport (Monroe) 0 0 0 0 NA

Waterport (Orleans) 1 2 0 0 NA

Williamson (Wayne) NA NA NA NA NA

WNY Pheromone Trap Catches: June 07 2011

CROPS Tidbits & Insights

June 8, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 11 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 5

Weather stress has been the bane of most vegetable farmers this season. There are countless stories of plantings being delayed, washed out, rotting plants in the field, poor or non-existent germination, or just lousy plant growth. We have seen radish, bush bean, cilantro, and spinach plantings germinate, grow a few inches then yellow and die off or bolt prematurely. Many parts of the country have been experi-encing similar conditions, so at least our region isn’t alone.

BROCCOLI Plant stress seems to be the big culprit with broccoli this season. Early heading and bolting can be found in many plantings. Having to hold transplant for long periods of time combined with the fluctuations in temperature and wet soils have really hurt some plantings.

LETTUCE The ups and downs of temperature and heavy winds have hurt some lettuce plantings. Damaged outer leaves show yellowing and spotting. In some places where it remained wet, bottom rot has increased. In younger plantings where higher organic matter content remains, cut worms have been a problem. Cutworms are generally a night feeder. Application of insecticides in the late afternoon may be more effective than earlier spray times. Keep an eye out for leafhoppers moving into plantings from surrounding hay land, especially as hay starts to be cut.

ONIONS Transplanting continues. The hot windy weather has now put direct seeded onions at the first true leaf stage at risk for burning off and wind damage. Weed control is a high priority. Botrytis leaf blight is similar to last week with transplanted fields with 6 or more leaves generally being above the spray threshold of 1 lesion per leaf. More and more direct seeded fields are also above threshold. Scout all fields for BLB and begin fungicide spray programs accordingly. See VE Weekly issue No. 9 & 10 for more info on spray options. In general, onion thrips are non-existent, although some have been detected in small-scale production. See page 3 for experimenting with crucifer cover crops if you have onion ground out of production.

POTATOES While some growers have finished planting many potatoes will be planted very late this year. There are a few early potatoes which should be setting seed. Be sure season total nitrogen (N) rates do not exceed those recommended in the 2011 Cornell Veg Guidelines at: http://www.nysaes.cals.cornell.edu/recommends/24frameset.html so you can kill them well ahead of harvest, harvest with no more than normal bruising, and before weather turns cold. Do not sidedress N if potatoes are greater than 8” tall.

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) pressure may be intense on the few potatoes that have emerged and they’ll travel some distance to reach them. CPB eggs are becoming common now. Scout regularly. Remember that CPB eggs hatch and larvae grow rapidly in hot weather, re-quiring very tight spray intervals for some insecticides. See the April and May Veg Edge and the last Veg Edge Weekly for recommenda-tions.

European corn borer (ECB) moths are just beginning to be caught in traps across the area (See “Pheromone Trap Catches” in Abby Seaman’s sweet corn insect article). When little corn is available ECB moths will lay eggs in early potatoes. It can take just 3 – 4 days for eggs to hatch in hot weather. Target small larvae for control before they bore into stalks. None of the imidacloprid or thiamethoxam seed, in-furrow, or single product foliar insecticides controls ECB. Radiant, Entrust (OMRI), Avaunt, Altacor, Voliam Xpress, pyrethroid-containing insecticides and mixes (Leverage and Endigo ZC), and Assail (only for eggs) are effective.

From AJ Bussan, in the 6/3 Wisconsin Veg Crop Update: With the long day-lengths of mid-late June stolon development and tuber initiation will be promoted quickly. However, warm soils (>75 F) could delay tuber initiation once stolons form. Warm soils are likely with sunny, hot weather prior to canopy closure. Once tubers set, adequate soil moisture becomes critical for optimizing yield and quality (reducing scab and tuber defects).

PROCESSING CROPS Finally, a fairly decent planting week across most of our area. Processors estimate the following percent of acres have been planted: beets 33%, carrots 50%, snap beans 5-15%, and sweet corn 35%. Pea planting is done, but the desired number of acres was not achieved. Many pea fields have suffered from sitting in too much water. Pea har-vest won’t begin until early July this year because early varieties were not grown. The 95 degree heat predicted for today, is a concern for germinating and newly emerged carrot and beet seedlings, especially on the muck. We may see death right above the soil line due to heat injury. This different than wirestem disease where blackened stems extend below the soil line.

SWEET CORN Many fields still trying to recover from poor conditions. Stands with shrunken varieties have had a tough time with germination and estab-lishment. Where soils have had a chance to drain, plant growth has been improving.

VINE CROPS Summer squash and zucchini plantings are looking better. Cucumber beetles have shown up in force. Transplant treatments of Admire may be wearing off depending on the age of the plants. New applications of insecticides is warranted with such heavy populations. Early plant-ings of cucumbers are being hit hard as well. Reducing the feeding of the cucumber beetles will help prevent bacterial wilt later in the sea-son.

Soil Temperature Crop 68 F 77 F 86 F

Beets 6 d 5 d 5 d Carrots 7 d 6 d 6 d Snap Beans 11 d 8 d 6 d Sweet Corn 7 d 4 d 4 d

Days required for seedling emergence at various soil temperatures from seed planted ½ inch deep. (Knott’s Vegetable Handbook)

June 8, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 11 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 6

It’s not just insects that damage corn stands. We are getting a number of reports of clipped corn seedlings in fields, yet no cutworm can be found. The likely culprit in several of these cases is Canada Geese. Geese forage on young grass shoots, including winter wheat in early spring and emerging corn seedlings later in the spring, often bypassing many broadleaf plants and weeds. Many times they will pull up the young seedlings to get the seed itself. This feeding injury may be espe-cially common in open fields near areas that provide open water and other suitable nesting and roosting habitat.

Cutworm clipping typically occurs uni-formly at or just below the soil line and proceeds down the row. The cutworm is usually found just below the soil sur-face or under debris during the day near the next plant to be cut. Clipping from geese will be more variable in height, anywhere from down to the seed to the tip of the leaf, and may be several plants in the row and can often be several plants in the adjacent row depending upon the direction the bird is walking. Tracks may or may not be evident. Clipped off plant parts are usually more scattered around after goose feeding than after cutworm in-jury.

Cutworm clipping typically occurs uni-formly at or just below the soil line and proceeds down the row. The cutworm

wild goose, note that they are a regu-lated game species. Contact the Michi-gan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) for rules on hunting. You can also find information on scare devices, repellents and “Goose Round Ups” by visiting their site or contact the local MDNR Wildlife Management Unit of-fice nearest you.

is usually found just below the soil sur-face or under debris during the day near the next plant to be cut. Clipping from geese will be more variable in height, anywhere from down to the seed to the tip of the leaf, and may be several plants in the row and can often be several plants in the adjacent row depending upon the direction the bird is walking. Tracks may or may not be evident. Clipped off plant parts are usually more scattered around after goose feeding than after cutworm in-jury.

The clipped leaves may not be a prob-lem if the growing point is undisturbed. In some cases the plant is clipped off higher than the growing point and no appreciable damage to the stand will occur. When the seed is pulled up, however, the plant is dead.

Before you get out your shotgun and start looking for a recipe for deep-fried

Corn Clipping Curiosities May be Geese

Fred Springborn, Michigan State University Extension, May 25, 2011

Late Blight Severity Value Accumulations

*Accumulations start 5/05/11 **Airport stations, with RH increased to estimate field conditions

Location Week Total* Location Week Total*

Albion 1 25 Geneva 2 37

Appleton 1 27 Lafayette 2 35

Baldwinsville 0 ** Lodi 0 22

Buffalo** 0 29 Portland 1 26

Ceres 2 22 Ransomville 1 28

Elba * 22 Sodus 0 22

Farmington 0 21 Williamson 0 27

Fayette 0 23 Wellsville** 2 28

Late Blight Severity Value Accumulation 6/07/11* C. MacNeil,CVP: Most locations have had a welcome reprieve from late blight (LB)-favorable weather this past week! All locations are well above the 18 severity value (SV) threshold for starting fungicide sprays on potatoes 4” tall, however.

Left, close-up of a missing seed. Right, several plants in a row that are missing their seeds.

High clipped corn by geese.

Volume 7, Issue 11 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 7

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Weather Charts

*Airport stations ** Data from other station/airport sites is at: http://newa.cornell.edu/ Weather Data, Daily Summary and Degree Days.

June 8, 2011

J. Gibbons, CVP:

Farmers Market News The Farmers Market Promotion Program Notice of Funds Availability came out recently listed in the Federal Register. More information will be available on the FMPP website soon. Go to: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/

getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5091241&acct=fmpp

Rainfall (inch) Temp (°F)

Location Week Month Max Min

Albion 0.30 0.30 88 45

Appleton, South 0.02 0.02 87 42

Baldwinsville 0.02 0.02 90 48

Buffalo* 0.34 0.34 83 47

Ceres 0.36 0.36 88 39

Elba **** **** ** **

Farmington 0.12 0.12 89 44

Geneva 0.10 0.10 90 49

Himrod **** **** 93 47

Lafayette 0.01 0.01 89 44

Lodi 0.14 0.14 92 47

Lyndonville 0.29 0.29 89 42

Ransomville 0.30 0.30 87 45

Rochester* 0.18 0.18 91 45

Syracuse* 0.01 0.01 92 49

Williamson 0.17 0.17 91 46

Weekly Weather Summary: 6/01 - 6/07

Location 2011 2010 2009

Albion 394 554 342

Appleton, South 323 474 271

Buffalo 444 552 371

Elba *** 570 263

Farmington 472 570 315

Geneva 490 745 379

Himrod 461 570 347

Lafayette 493 542 350

Lodi 499 656 ***

Lyndonville 385 555 322

Ransomville 389 553 321

Rochester 448 609 339

Syracuse 593 616 403

Williamson 397 594 326

Accumulated Growing Degree Days (AGDD) Base 50°F: Jan. 1 — June 06, 2011

Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program

Cornell University Serving Allegany, Cattaraugus,

Erie, Genesee, Monroe, Niagara,

Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans,

Seneca, Wayne and Yates Counties

Veg Edge Weekly is a seasonal weekly publication of the Cornell Vegetable Program providing information about crop development, pest activity and management, pesticide updates, local weather conditions, meetings and resources.

Veg Edge is published 28 times annually, monthly from October-May and weekly from May-September. If you have any questions about this publication, contact Julie Kikkert at 585-394-3977 x404 or jrk2@cornell.edu. Visit the Cornell Vegetable Program website at http://cvp.cce.cornell.edu/ for information on our research, upcoming events and enrolling in our program.

Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities.

Robert Hadad 585-739-4065 Cell rgh26@cornell.edu

Christy Hoepting 585-721-6953 Cell cah59@cornell.edu

Julie Kikkert 585-313-8160 Cell jrk2@cornell.edu

Carol MacNeil 585-313-8796 Cell crm6@cornell.edu

Judson Reid 585-313-8912 Cell jer11@cornell.edu

Cornell Vegetable Program Extension Specialists

John Gibbons, 716-474-5238 Cell

Katie Klotzbach 585-732-2545 Cell

CVP Assistants

This publication contains pesticide recommendations. Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are possible. Some materials may no longer be available and some uses may no longer be legal. All pesticides distributed, sold or applied in New York State must be registered with the New York State Department of Environ-mental Conservation (DEC). Questions concerning the legality and/or registration status for pesticide usage in New York State should be directed to the appropriate Cornell

Cooperative Extension specialist or your regional DEC office.

Cornell Cooperative Extension and its employees assume no liability for the effectiveness or results of any chemicals for pesticide usage. No endorsement of products or com-panies is made or implied. READ THE LABEL BEFORE APPLYING ANY PESTICIDE.

Yates County Cornell Cooperative Extension 417 Liberty Street Penn Yan, NY 14527