VELOCITY CONTROL OF MOTORVELOCITY CONTROL OF MOTORBIKE USING PICBIKE USING PIC

BYBYN.KATHIRAVAN P.ARUN KUMARN.KATHIRAVAN P.ARUN KUMAR GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGG. GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGG. TIRUNELVELI - 07. TIRUNELVELI - 07.

OVERVIEWOVERVIEWOne of the main reason for accidentOne of the main reason for accident-Over speed-Over speed

This paper deals with controlling of speed This paper deals with controlling of speed automatically in two wheelers in SLA’s.automatically in two wheelers in SLA’s.This is done with the help of PIC( Peripheral This is done with the help of PIC( Peripheral Interface Controller ) and FM.Interface Controller ) and FM.By implementing this system, the speed of By implementing this system, the speed of motor bike reduces to 40km/hr when enteringmotor bike reduces to 40km/hr when enteringinto Speed Limited Areas (SLA).into Speed Limited Areas (SLA).So, accidents are reduced to some extent.So, accidents are reduced to some extent.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONAccording to the survey in India, every According to the survey in India, every

year 3,00,000 accidents were reported.year 3,00,000 accidents were reported.Studies reveals that- 77% due to Studies reveals that- 77% due to

improper driving (Over speed).improper driving (Over speed).Analysis shows that- 80% due to Analysis shows that- 80% due to Human error.Human error.So, minority of accidents only due to So, minority of accidents only due to

bad roads & weather.bad roads & weather.

ACCIDENTS HAPPENED DURING THE ACCIDENTS HAPPENED DURING THE YEAR 1991-2000YEAR 1991-2000

Year RegisteredVehicles

Accidents Casualties Injured

1991 11,72,592 11,043 3,718 12,2811992 12,92,033 11,851 3,638 13,3911993 14,09,061 12,756 3,821 15,1941994 15,46,595 13,915 4,129 16,7561995 17,20,990 16,610 4,863 20,5041996 19,28,527 18,891 5,430 24,2141997 21,46,741 19,879 5,620 25,6391998 23,82,241 20,798 5,622 26,8811999 26,47,979 21,132 6,010 26,5452000 28,88,060 19,932 5,388 25,433

SURVEY BY MINISTRY OF ROAD AND SURVEY BY MINISTRY OF ROAD AND TRANSPORTTRANSPORT

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WHY THESE ACCIDENTS ARE WHY THESE ACCIDENTS ARE INCREASING EVERY YEARINCREASING EVERY YEAR

Over speed of vehicle atOver speed of vehicle at Speed Limit areas Speed Limit areas During OvertakingDuring Overtaking Improper of Land discipline,Improper of Land discipline, Lack of space when driving,Lack of space when driving, Jumping of signals.Jumping of signals.

OVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAMOVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAM

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MAJOR COMPONENTSMAJOR COMPONENTS

FM TransmitterFM TransmitterFM ReceiverFM ReceiverSpeed monitoring unitSpeed monitoring unit (Digital speedometer)(Digital speedometer)Speed controlling UnitSpeed controlling Unit (PIC Microcontroller)(PIC Microcontroller)

ADVANTAGES OF FMADVANTAGES OF FM

Better noise immunityBetter noise immunityEfficiency of transmission is HighEfficiency of transmission is HighRejects interfering signals Rejects interfering signals

(Capture Effect).(Capture Effect).Improved noise performance.Improved noise performance.

SPEED MONITORING UNITSPEED MONITORING UNIT In analog speedometerIn analog speedometer Speed Speed ~ eddy current in rotating disc.~ eddy current in rotating disc. Lack in accuracy and precision.Lack in accuracy and precision. It is replaced by digital speedometer.It is replaced by digital speedometer. It comprises ofIt comprises of TransducerTransducer Mechanical unitMechanical unit Digital DisplayDigital Display

DIGITAL SPEEDOMETERDIGITAL SPEEDOMETER

FEATURES OF PICFEATURES OF PIC

1.1. ONLY 35 ONLY 35 INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONS

2.2. DATA MEMORYDATA MEMORY3.3. (368 BYTES)(368 BYTES)4.4. FLASH PROGRAMFLASH PROGRAM5.5. MEMORY(8KB)MEMORY(8KB)6.6. 10 BIT A/D MODULE10 BIT A/D MODULE7.7. 2 ANALOG 2 ANALOG

COMPARATORCOMPARATOR

SPEED CONTROL UNITSPEED CONTROL UNIT

FUNCTIONFUNCTION

Microcontroller feds the control signal Microcontroller feds the control signal to gate terminal of TRIACto gate terminal of TRIAC

It varies the ON & OFF cycle of It varies the ON & OFF cycle of TRIAC.TRIAC.

By varying the i/p to gate, the voltage By varying the i/p to gate, the voltage of Spark plug is controlled.of Spark plug is controlled.

Thus, output torque of an engine is Thus, output torque of an engine is controlled, in turn the speed reduced.controlled, in turn the speed reduced.

FLOW CHART FOR OVERALL OPERATIONFLOW CHART FOR OVERALL OPERATION

OVERALL OPERATIONOVERALL OPERATION

OPERATION

NORMAL MODE UNDER SPEED MODE

OVER SPEEDMODE

THE LAST WORDS…..,THE LAST WORDS…..,This is one time investment and cost is This is one time investment and cost is

also affordable to everyone. also affordable to everyone. This system makes the user to follow This system makes the user to follow

the rules in polite way.the rules in polite way. It reduces the accidents due to over It reduces the accidents due to over

speedspeedAnd allowing the safe drive.And allowing the safe drive.

RECOGNITIONRECOGNITION This concept was inspired by Mr.M.Raja, This concept was inspired by Mr.M.Raja,

Systems Engineer, Robert Bosch India Systems Engineer, Robert Bosch India Ltd., and guided us to do this project.Ltd., and guided us to do this project.

We express our gratitude to Mr.Selwin We express our gratitude to Mr.Selwin

Rajadurai, Lecturer, Dept. of Mechanical Rajadurai, Lecturer, Dept. of Mechanical Engg., GCE-Thirunelveli for his consistent Engg., GCE-Thirunelveli for his consistent helps and efforts for the success of this helps and efforts for the success of this project.project.

REFERENCESREFERENCES “ “Electronics for you- January 2005” for Electronics for you- January 2005” for

Digital Speedometer.Digital Speedometer.

“ “ The PIC Hand book” by Mike Predo, The PIC Hand book” by Mike Predo, TMH publications.TMH publications.

“ “Programming PIC with Mbasic and Programming PIC with Mbasic and Emedded C” by John F.Wester.Emedded C” by John F.Wester.