Verb inflections as indicators of Bilingual SLISharon Armon-Lotem, The Bilingual SLI project*Bar Ilan University*This project is funded by ISF grant no. 938CLS, July17-19, Reading

AcknowledgementThis work has been done in collaboration with:

Anat Blass, Jonathan Fine, Efrat Harel, Elinor Saiegh-Haddad, and Joel Walters, Bar-Ilan University

Galit Adam, The Open University

With the help of:

Dori Braude, Michal Giladi, Ruti Litt, Lyle Lustinger, and Efrat Shimon

The bilingual SLI Project - AimExamining the linguistic production of bilingual children, ages 4-7, who were diagnosed for SLI in order to assess the relative contribution of each to the childs linguistic representations and underlying processes. In the overall effort, we look at the interface of SLI and bilingualism, exploring primarily the use of morpho-syntax, pragmatics, and discourse, as well as lexical, phonological, and sub-lexical processing. The present paper focuses on the use of the inflectional verbal system by English-Hebrew bilingual children

DefinitionsSpecific Language Impairment (SLI)Children with normal performance IQ, who score 12 months/1 SD below chronological age on standardized language tests, and have no: hearing disabilities, emotional or behavior problems, observed neurological deficit, or severe articulation/phonological deficit.

Bilingual childrenChildren with bilingual background who are able to function in two languages (carry a conversation and understand) at a near native level (typical or impaired). This includes both simultaneous bilinguals and sequential bilinguals.

Subject selectionPreschool children from bilingual or monolingual English-speaking homes, who attend regular preschools and special language preschools, and have been exposed to Hebrew for at least two years. All children come from the same neighbourhood and same (middle-high) SESChildren are screened for both languages and are categorized in accordance with their linguistic abilities as diagnosed by standardized tests (e.g., CELF Preschool for English, Goralnik for Hebrew), where TD is measured by less than 1.5 SD below norm. This yields a division into children with typical development in both languages (TD), children with English typical development (E-TD), and children with English atypical development (E-ATD). This later group comprises of children with Hebrew typical development (H-TD), and children with atypical development in both languages (A-TD) all are considered at-risk for SLI.

TD-children: 6 case studies6 case studies, 3 simultaneous, 3 sequential3 boys, 3 girls Age range 5;5-6;5

Sheet1

GoralnikCELF

age eqivOverall Test Scoreage eqivTotal Lang ScoreLength of exposureAgeName

6;37;084sim6;1Efi (F)BSEfrat

6;3161sim5;11NadirKidsNadav

6;31663E5;9AriellaKidsAriel

5;91557;0903H6;2Mici (F)BSMichal

4;91377;0952H5;5Eli (M)BSEliya

5;6148Sim5;4YanivKidsYanai

GoralnikCELF

Length of exposureAgeName

3H6;5Im605

sim6;1Ef601

3H6;2Mf602

sim5;9Af509

sim5;9Nm509

2H5;5Em505

Sheet2

Sheet3

E-TD children 5 case studies5 case studies3 boys, 2 girls Age range 4;1-6;6

ASSMNTSUM (2)

ASSMNTSUMASSESSMENT SUMMARIES (E + H)

ENGLISH ASSESSMENT STANDARD SCORES

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS

Name/ subtest standard scoreBirth DateAgeLing ConceptsBasic ConceptsSentence StrucReceptive Lang ScoreRecalling SentencesForm LabelsWord StrucExpr Lang ScoreTotal Lang ScorePercentile RankNorm Curve Equivalent

Akiva1.12.995.657577333506711

Shlomo1.12.995.557679433626927

Yonatan9.01.987.636874333697027

David24.10.986.6955814366973413

Miri25.05.01412599510713100974246

Arye13.06.013.1111101110479993984547

Orya Hadas22.2.996.27611914477380922

Adiya9.08.986.953365333656311

Liat24.1.005.5131059753671831326

Racheli5.11.986.6101213110979901005050

Binyamin13.9.995.8129898551184912737

Tzvi15.11.995.679687771394902536

Testing was in May (and June) 2005

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELF-PRESCHOOL SUBTEST STANDARD SCORES, DEVIATIONS

FROM THE MEAN &PERCENTILE RANKS

Subtest Standard ScoreStandard Deviations from the MeanPercentile Rank

19+399

16+298

13+184

100 (mean)50

7-116

4-22

1-31

RELATIONSHIP BET CELF-PRESCHOOL RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE, EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE & TOTAL

LANGUAGE COMPOSITE STANDARD SCORES, DEVIATIONS FROM THE MEAN & PERCENTILE RANKS

Composite Standard ScoreStandard Deviations from the MeanPercentile Rank

145+399

130+298

115+184

100050

85-116

77-1.56

70-22

62-2.51

55-3

At risk children: 6 case studies6 case studies, 3 from each sub-group 3 boys, 3 girls Age range 5;5-6;9H-TD

A-TD

ASSMNTSUM (2)

ASSMNTSUMASSESSMENT SUMMARIES (E + H)

ENGLISH ASSESSMENT STANDARD SCORES

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS

Name/ subtest standard scoreBirth DateAgeLing ConceptsBasic ConceptsSentence StrucReceptive Lang ScoreRecalling SentencesForm LabelsWord StrucExpr Lang ScoreTotal Lang ScorePercentile RankNorm Curve Equivalent

Akiva1.12.995.657577333506711

Shlomo1.12.995.557679433626927

Yonatan9.01.987.636874333697027

David24.10.986.6955814366973413

Miri25.05.01412599510713100974246

Arye13.06.013.1111101110479993984547

Orya Hadas22.2.996.27611914477380922

Adiya9.08.986.953365333656311

Liat24.1.005.5131059753671831326

Racheli5.11.986.6101213110979901005050

Binyamin13.9.995.8129898551184912737

Tzvi15.11.995.679687771394902536

Testing was in May (and June) 2005

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELF-PRESCHOOL SUBTEST STANDARD SCORES, DEVIATIONS

FROM THE MEAN &PERCENTILE RANKS

Subtest Standard ScoreStandard Deviations from the MeanPercentile Rank

19+399

16+298

13+184

100 (mean)50

7-116

4-22

1-31

RELATIONSHIP BET CELF-PRESCHOOL RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE, EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE & TOTAL

LANGUAGE COMPOSITE STANDARD SCORES, DEVIATIONS FROM THE MEAN & PERCENTILE RANKS

Composite Standard ScoreStandard Deviations from the MeanPercentile Rank

145+399

130+298

115+184

100050

85-116

77-1.56

70-22

62-2.51

55-3

Linguistic Measures: InflectionsEnglish: past tense 3rd person in the presentHebrew: gender and number in present tensegender, number and person in past and future

Inflections in Monolingual SLI and TD BilingualsEnglish: Both SLI and bilinguals use root infinitives (RIs), e.g., David play ball.

Hebrew: SLI children find past tense 2nd person inflection more difficult.

TasksNaturalistic samples (interview, story telling, free play

Sentence completion (Based on Dromi et al 1999)Enactment (Based on Dromi et al 1999)Elicited imitation

TD verb inflectionsNo errors in Hebrew enactment In other tasks, error rate is very low, mostly less than 10% and never more then 20% (on the sentence completion task).

Chart1

0.818181818210.73333333330.951

0.863636363610.95555555560.851

0.81818181820.96153846150.91111111110.8251

0.81818181820.80769230770.97777777780.951

0.77272727270.884615384610.951

0.909090909110.97777777780.8751

Sentence completion E N=22

Imitation E N=26

Sentence completion H N=45

Imitation H N=40

Enactment H N=24

TD Rate of Target Responses by Task (in Percentage)

6 at risk kids

sentence completion English

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing0%0%7%

Wrong tense6%12%12%

Wrong 3rd person8%16%24%

Root Infinitives19%47%53%

sentence completion - Hebrew

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Root Infinitives1.2%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense5.0%3.8%2.5%

wrong gender0.0%8.0%8.0%

wrong conjugation5.5%17.0%5.5%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Pi'el6.5%17.0%13.0%

Hitpa'el7.5%19.0%0.0%

Hif'il10.0%50.0%10.0%

Hebrew Enactment

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg37.50%12.50%6.25%

2nd ms62.50%12.50%0.00%

2nd fm62.50%0.00%0.00%

2nd pl6.25%0.00%0.00%

3 conjugation errors

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg6.25%6.25%6.25%

2nd ms6.25%43.75%56.25%

2nd fm25%31.25%25%

1st pl6.25%18.75%25%

2nd pl12.50%56.25%68.75%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

Conjugation errors in E-TD and H-TD

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing for 3rd0.00%0.00%37.50%

Wrong tense0.00%0.00%0.00%

Wrong 3rd person25.00%0.00%0.00%

Root Infinitives3.12%60.00%60.00%

6 at risk kids

0000

0000

0000

V+ing

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Sentence Completion - EnglishPercentage of erroneous responses

9AR+6TD

0000

0000

0000

Root Infinitives

Wrong tense

wrong gender

wrong conjugation

Sentence completion - Hebrew

3No-TD BS

000

000

000

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

Error rate by conjugation

3H-TD BS

0000

0000

0000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

2nd pl

Enactment - HebrewError (mostly 3rd person) rate by target person

3E-TD BS

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Imitation - Hebrew

Sum TD and At risk

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Imitation - English

6 TD and 9 at risk success

sentence completion English

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

V+ing0%0%4%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense8%4%4%10.4%0.0%4.2%

Wrong 3rd person6%11%28%5.6%27.8%17.0%

Root Infinitives13%50%48%6.3%60.4%33.0%

sentence completion - Hebrew

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

Root Infinitives0.8%0.0%0.0%0.8%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense4.4%4.4%5.9%2.4%1.5%1.8%

wrong gender6.3%7.9%7.1%4.0%0.0%6.0%

Wrong Number3.2%0.8%0.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%

wrong conjugation8.9%8.9%3.0%3.7%0.0%1.5%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

Pi'el0.0%9.8%5.1%5.1%0.0%2.5%

Hitpa'el30.6%16.7%2.8%5.6%0.0%4.1%

Hif'il13.3%26.7%6.7%6.7%0.0%3.4%

Hebrew Enactment

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

1st sg24.00%4.17%4.17%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd ms75.00%8.33%16.67%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd fm72.41%4.17%20.83%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Mostly 3rdMostly 3rdMostly 3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

1st sg4.17%16.67%4.17%4.2%4.2%4.2%

2nd ms29.17%41.67%68.00%12.5%4.2%8.3%

2nd fm13%20.83%42%8.3%4.2%6.2%

1st pl8.33%16.67%17%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd pl37.50%37.50%79.17%29.2%12.5%16.2%

Mostly 1stMostly 1stMostly 1st

7/9 one boy8/9 one girl

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

V+ing for 3rd0.00%0.00%12.50%0.00%8.3%4.1%

Wrong tense0.00%2.08%0.00%0.00%0.0%0.0%

Wrong 3rd person13.33%0.00%3.33%0.00%0.0%0.0%

Root Infinitives2.08%60.42%60.42%0.0%35.4%17.6%

6 TD and 9 at risk success

0000

0000

V+ing

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

TD sentence completion - English

Hebrew

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Sentence completion - English

9 at risk

000

000

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

TD conjugation errors

3TD BS

000

000

000

000

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

conjugation errors

000

000

000

000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Enactment

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

TD Imitation - Hebrew

00000

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Imitation - Hebrewerror rate

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

TD Imitation - English

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Imitation - Englisherror rate

00000

00000

Root Infinitives

Wrong tense

wrong gender

Wrong Number

wrong conjugation

TD sentence completion - Hebrew

00000

00000

00000

00000

Root Infinitives

Wrong tense

wrong gender

Wrong Number

wrong conjugation

Sentence completion - Hebrew

sentence completion English

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

V+ing [N=160.0%6.3%9.1%5.1%

Wrong tense [N=16]0.0%6.3%6.3%4.2%

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]33.3%33.3%16.7%27.8%

Root Infinitives [N=16]37.5%43.8%62.5%47.9%

sentence completion - Hebrew

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

Root Infinitives [N=42]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=42]8.9%4.8%0.0%4.6%

wrong gender [N=42]2.4%7.1%9.5%6.3%

Wrong Number [N=42]2.4%0.0%0.0%0.8%

wrong conjugation [N=45]2.2%0.0%6.7%3.0%

error rate for the different conjugations

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%0.0%15.4%5.1%

Hitpa'el [N=12]8.3%0.0%0.0%2.8%

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%0.0%20.0%6.7%

Hebrew Enactment

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

1st sg0.0%12.5%0.0%4.2%

2nd ms50.0%0.0%0.0%16.7%

2nd fm62.5%0.0%0.0%20.8%

All 3rd3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

1st sg0.0%0.0%12.5%4.2%

2nd ms100.0%25.0%87.5%70.8%

2nd fm75.0%37.5%12.5%41.7%

1st pl0.0%50.0%0.0%16.7%

2nd pl100.0%37.5%100.0%79.2%

Mostly 1st sgMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sg

English - Imitation

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%15.4%7.7%7.7%

Wrong tense [N=16]3.8%0.0%0.0%1.3%

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]10.0%0.0%0.0%3.3%

Root Infinitives [N=16]62.5%68.8%50.0%60.4%

00000

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

00000

00000

00000

00000

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

000

000

000

000

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

000

000

000

000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd person) by target person

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total contexts

sentence completion English

LianOritAdiH-TDLianOritAdi

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%V+ing [N=16000

Wrong tense [N=16]6.3%0.0%0.0%2.1%Wrong tense [N=16]100

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]000

Root Infinitives [N=16]62.5%50.0%68.8%60.4%Root Infinitives [N=16]10811

sentence completion - Hebrew

LianOritAdiH-TD

Root Infinitives [N=42]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=42]4.8%4.8%2.4%4.0%

wrong gender [N=42]9.5%9.5%4.8%7.9%

Wrong Number [N=42]2.4%0.0%0.0%0.8%

wrong conjugation [N=45]2.2%15.6%8.9%8.9%

error rate for the different conjugations

LianOritAdiH-TD

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%26.7%0.0%8.9%

Hitpa'el [N=12]8.3%30.8%8.3%15.8%

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%20.0%60.0%26.7%

Hebrew Enactment

LianOritAdiH-TD

1st sg0.0%12.5%0.0%4.2%

2nd ms0.0%0.0%25.0%8.3%

2nd fm12.5%0.0%0.0%4.2%

gender3rd person3rd person

Hebrew-Imitation

LianOritAdiH-TD

1st sg12.5%25.0%0.0%12.5%

2nd ms37.5%62.5%25.0%41.7%

2nd fm0.0%62.5%0.0%20.8%

1st pl12.5%25.0%12.5%16.7%

2nd pl0.0%100.0%12.5%37.5%

English - Imitation

LianOritAdiH-TD

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=26]3.8%0.0%0.0%1.3%

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Root Infinitives [N=16]62.5%50.0%68.8%60.4%

00000

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

00.06666666670.071428571400.0222222222

00.04444444440.09523809520.09523809520.2444444444

0.02380952380.02380952380.023809523800.0222222222

0.00793650790.0449735450.06349206350.03174603170.0962962963

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

000

000

000

000

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

000

000

000

000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd person) by target person

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total contexts

01010

0008

00011

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

sentence completion English

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%TzikiBeniReli

Wrong tense [N=16]12.5%12.5%0.0%8.3%V+ing [N=16000

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]16.7%0.0%0.0%5.6%Wrong tense [N=16]220

Root Infinitives [N=16]18.8%0.0%18.8%12.5%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]100

Root Infinitives [N=16]303

sentence completion - Hebrew

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

Root Infinitives [N=42]0.0%0.0%2.4%0.8%

Wrong tense [N=42]6.7%4.4%2.4%4.5%

wrong gender [N=42]7.1%9.5%2.4%6.3%

Wrong Number [N=42]0.0%9.5%0.0%3.2%

wrong conjugation [N=45]2.2%24.4%2.2%9.6%

error rate for the different conjugations

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Hitpa'el [N=12]8.3%83.3%0.0%30.6%

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%20.0%20.0%13.3%

Hebrew Enactment

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

1st sg66.7%0.0%0.0%22.2%

2nd ms87.5%100.0%50.0%79.2%

2nd fm100.0%91.7%25.0%72.2%

All 3rd personMostly 3rd personAll 3rd person

Hebrew-Imitation

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

1st sg12.5%0.0%0.0%4.2%

2nd ms0.0%62.5%25.0%29.2%

2nd fm37.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%

1st pl0.0%12.5%12.5%8.3%

2nd pl0.0%87.5%25.0%37.5%

2 3rd person1st & other1st & 3rd

English - Imitation

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]30.0%10.0%0.0%13.3%

Root Infinitives [N=16]6.3%0.0%0.0%2.1%

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

00000

00000

00000

00000

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

000

000

000

000

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

000

000

000

000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd person) by target person

00000

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total contexts

0213

0200

0003

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

sentence completion English

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%5.1%

Wrong tense [N=16]10.4%8.3%2.1%4.2%

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]5.6%5.6%0.0%27.8%

Root Infinitives [N=16]6.3%12.5%60.4%47.9%

sentence completion - Hebrew

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

Root Infinitives [N=42]1.6%0.8%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=42]2.4%4.5%4.0%4.6%

wrong gender [N=42]4.0%6.3%7.9%6.3%

Wrong Number [N=42]0.0%3.2%0.8%0.8%

wrong conjugation [N=45]3.7%9.6%8.9%3.0%

error rate for the different conjugations

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

Pi'el [N=13]5.1%0.0%8.9%5.1%

Hitpa'el [N=12]5.6%30.6%15.8%2.8%

Hif'il [N=5]6.7%13.3%26.7%6.7%

Hebrew Enactment

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg0.0%22.2%4.2%4.2%

2nd ms0.0%79.2%8.3%16.7%

2nd fm0.0%72.2%4.2%20.8%

Mostly 3rdMostly 3rdMostly 3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg4.2%4.2%12.5%4.2%

2nd ms12.5%29.2%41.7%70.8%

2nd fm8.3%12.5%20.8%41.7%

1st pl0.0%8.3%16.7%16.7%

2nd pl29.2%37.5%37.5%79.2%

English - Imitation

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%7.7%

Wrong tense [N=26]0.0%0.0%1.3%1.3%

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]0.0%13.3%0.0%3.3%

Root Infinitives [N=16]0.0%2.1%60.4%60.4%

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

00000

00000

00000

00000

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erronous responses

000

000

000

000

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

000

000

000

000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd person) by target person

00000

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total responses

9

Engligh- total target responses by task

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiEliMiciEfi

E Sentence completion N=2245.5%68.2%81.8%50.0%68.2%31.8%45.5%22.7%13.6%81.8%86.4%90.9%

E Imitation N=2669.2%84.6%96.2%46.2%53.8%38.5%38.5%19.2%42.3%100.0%100.0%100.0%

N=22 N=26

Tziki45.5%69.2%Eli81.8%100.0%

Beni68.2%84.6%Mici86.4%100.0%

Reli81.8%96.2%Efi90.9%100.0%

Lian50.0%46.2%Eli81.8%100.0%

Orit68.2%53.8%Mici86.4%100.0%

Adi31.8%38.5%Efi90.9%100.0%

Dadi45.5%38.5%Eli81.8%100.0%

Aki22.7%19.2%Mici86.4%100.0%

Shlomi13.6%42.3%Efi90.9%100.0%

47.5%54.3%86.4%100.0%

22.5%24.6%3.9%0.0%

Hebrew - total target responses by task

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiEliMiciEfi

H Sentence completion N=4571.1%46.7%80.0%71.1%51.1%82.2%75.6%71.1%73.3%73.3%95.6%97.8%

H Imitation N=4082.5%42.5%80.0%85.0%42.5%85.0%37.5%70.0%50.0%95.0%85.0%87.5%

H Enactment N=2412.5%33.3%83.3%91.7%87.5%79.2%50.0%91.7%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

N=45 N=40 N=24

Tziki71.1%82.5%12.5%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Beni46.7%42.5%33.3%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Reli80.0%80.0%83.3%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

Lian71.1%85.0%91.7%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Orit51.1%42.5%87.5%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Adi82.2%85.0%79.2%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

Dadi75.6%37.5%50.0%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Aki71.1%70.0%91.7%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Shlomi73.3%50.0%100.0%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

69.1%63.9%69.9%88.9%89.2%100.0%

12.2%20.4%30.5%11.7%4.5%0.0%

Im605

Ef601

Mf602

Af509

Nm509

Em505SeqSim

Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601

N=2281.8%86.4%90.9%Sentence completion E N=2282%86%82%82%77%91%

N=26100.0%100.0%100.0%Imitation E N=26100%100%96%81%88%100%

N=4573.3%95.6%97.8%Sentence completion H N=4573%96%91%98%100%98%

N=4095.0%85.0%87.5%Imitation H N=4095%85%83%95%95%88%

N=24100.0%100.0%100.0%Enactment H N=24100%100%100%100%100%100%

90.9%93.2%95.5%0.9615384615

89.4%93.5%95.1%

0.950.8846153846

90.0%93.4%95.2%

5.56.26.10.95

2.03.06.0

0.81818181820.9777777778

0.8076923077

N=22 N=26 N=45 N=40 N=24

45.5%69.2%71.1%82.5%12.5%61.9%47.5%56.2%5.62

68.2%84.6%46.7%42.5%33.3%66.5%37.9%55.1%5.83

81.8%96.2%80.0%80.0%83.3%86.0%81.7%84.3%6.64

50.0%46.2%71.1%85.0%91.7%55.8%88.3%68.8%5.52

68.2%53.8%51.1%42.5%87.5%57.7%65.0%60.6%6.23.5

31.8%38.5%82.2%85.0%79.2%50.8%82.1%63.3%6.92

45.5%38.5%75.6%37.5%50.0%53.2%43.8%49.4%6.62

22.7%19.2%71.1%70.0%91.7%37.7%80.8%54.9%5.64

13.6%42.3%73.3%50.0%100.0%43.1%75.0%55.9%5.64

0.900.930.950.560.550.840.690.610.630.490.550.56

5.56.26.15.65.86.65.56.26.96.65.65.6

23623423.52244

6.96.66.66.26.26.15.85.65.65.65.55.5

0.630.490.840.930.610.950.550.560.550.560.900.69

22433.56324422

64443.53322222

0.950.550.560.840.610.930.550.560.900.690.630.49

91%93%95%62%66%86%56%58%51%53%38%43%

89%94%95%48%38%82%88%65%82%44%81%75%

5.56.26.15.65.86.65.56.26.96.65.65.6

23623423.52244

64443.53322222

95%43%86%38%58%66%93%51%53%56%62%91%

95%75%82%81%65%38%94%82%44%88%48%89%

6.96.66.66.26.26.15.85.65.65.65.55.5

51%53%86%58%93%95%66%62%38%43%91%56%

82%44%82%65%94%95%38%48%81%75%89%88%

0.45454545450.6923076923

0.68181818180.8461538462

0.81818181820.9615384615

0.50.4615384615

0.68181818180.5384615385

0.31818181820.3846153846

0.45454545450.3846153846

0.22727272730.1923076923

0.13636363640.4230769231

E Sentence completion N=22

E Imitation N=26

English total target responses by task per child

0.71111111110.8250.125

0.46666666670.4250.3333333333

0.80.80.8333333333

0.71111111110.850.9166666667

0.51111111110.4250.875

0.82222222220.850.7916666667

0.75555555560.3750.5

0.71111111110.70.9166666667

0.73333333330.51

H Sentence completion N=45

H Imitation N=40

H Enactment N=24

Hebrew total target responses by task per child

E Sentence completion N=22

E Imitation N=26

H Sentence completion N=45

H Imitation N=40

H Enactment N=24

Total target responses by task per child

Tziki

Beni

Reli

Lian

Orit

Adi

Dadi

Aki

Shlomi

0.45454545450.68181818180.81818181820.50.68181818180.31818181820.45454545450.22727272730.1363636364

0.69230769230.84615384620.96153846150.46153846150.53846153850.38461538460.38461538460.19230769230.4230769231

0.71111111110.46666666670.80.71111111110.51111111110.82222222220.75555555560.71111111110.7333333333

0.8250.4250.80.850.4250.850.3750.70.5

0.1250.33333333330.83333333330.91666666670.8750.79166666670.50.91666666671

0.45454545450.69230769230.71111111110.8250.125

0.68181818180.84615384620.46666666670.4250.3333333333

0.81818181820.96153846150.80.80.8333333333

0.50.46153846150.71111111110.850.9166666667

0.68181818180.53846153850.51111111110.4250.875

0.31818181820.38461538460.82222222220.850.7916666667

0.45454545450.38461538460.75555555560.3750.5

0.22727272730.19230769230.71111111110.70.9166666667

0.13636363640.42307692310.73333333330.51

N=22

N=26

N=45

N=40

N=24

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Sentence completion E N=22

Imitation E N=26

Sentence completion H N=45

Imitation H N=40

Enactment H N=24

TD Rate of Target Responses by Task (in Percentage)

(ing) [N=16]000000012

[N=16]220100011

[N=6]100000221

[N=16]303108116710

(ing) [N=26]000000042

[N=26]000100100

[N=10]310000100

[N=16]1001081110118

[N=42]001000000

[N=42]321221420

[N=42]341442134

[N=42]040100100

[N=42]6103763654

[N=45]41143105636

-

100120001

052352827

300050631

011121040

072081838

-

600010010

784002400

882100500

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

(ing) [N=16]

[N=16]

[N=6]

[N=16]

(ing) [N=26]

[N=26]

[N=10]

[N=16]

[N=42]

[N=42]

[N=42]

[N=42]

0.45454545450.69230769230.71111111110.8250.125

0.68181818180.84615384620.46666666670.4250.3333333333

0.81818181820.96153846150.80.80.8333333333

0.50.46153846150.71111111110.850.9166666667

0.68181818180.53846153850.51111111110.4250.875

0.31818181820.38461538460.82222222220.850.7916666667

0.45454545450.38461538460.75555555560.3750.5

0.22727272730.19230769230.71111111110.70.9166666667

0.13636363640.42307692310.73333333330.51

N=22

N=26

N=45

N=40

N=24

0.45454545450.68181818180.81818181820.50.68181818180.31818181820.45454545450.22727272730.1363636364

0.69230769230.84615384620.96153846150.46153846150.53846153850.38461538460.38461538460.19230769230.4230769231

0.71111111110.46666666670.80.71111111110.51111111110.82222222220.75555555560.71111111110.7333333333

0.8250.4250.80.850.4250.850.3750.70.5

0.1250.33333333330.83333333330.91666666670.8750.79166666670.50.91666666671

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

[N=42]

[N=45]

sentence completion English

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%6.3%9.1%V+ing [N=16000000012

Wrong tense [N=16]12.5%12.5%0.0%6.3%0.0%0.0%0.0%6.3%6.3%Wrong tense [N=16]220100011

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]16.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%33.3%33.3%16.7%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]100000221

Root Infinitives [N=16]18.8%0.0%18.8%62.5%50.0%68.8%37.5%43.8%62.5%Root Infinitives [N=16]303108116710

Total6231181181114N=16

Tziki32Eli

Beni00Mici

Reli31Efi

Lian102Eli

Orit80Mici

Adi111Efi

Dadi62Eli

Aki70Mici

Shlomi101Efi

61

3.77859468290.8660254038

sentence completion - Hebrew

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

Root Infinitives [N=42]0.0%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%Root Infinitives [N=42]001000000

Wrong tense [N=42]6.7%4.4%2.4%4.8%4.8%2.4%8.9%4.8%0.0%Wrong tense [N=42]321221420

wrong gender [N=42]7.1%9.5%2.4%9.5%9.5%4.8%2.4%7.1%9.5%wrong gender [N=42]341442134

Wrong Number [N=42]0.0%9.5%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%Wrong Number [N=42]040100100

wrong conjugation [N=45]2.2%24.4%2.2%2.2%15.6%8.9%2.2%0.0%6.7%wrong conjugation [N=45]41143105636

Total16.0%47.9%9.4%18.9%29.8%16.0%15.9%11.9%16.2%Total102171016812810

error rate for the different conjugations

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%26.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%15.4%4.7%Pi'el [N=13]002041224

Hitpa'el [N=12]8.3%83.3%0.0%8.3%30.8%8.3%8.3%0.0%0.0%16.4%Hitpa'el [N=12]1101341310

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%20.0%20.0%0.0%20.0%60.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%15.6%Hif'il [N=5]211023102

Hebrew Enactment

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

1st sg66.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%12.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%0.0%1st sg600010010

2nd ms87.5%100.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%25.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%2nd ms784002400

2nd fm100.0%91.7%25.0%12.5%0.0%0.0%62.5%0.0%0.0%2nd fm882100500

All 3rd personMostly 3rd personAll 3rd persongender3rd person3rd personAll 3rd3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

1st sg12.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%25.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%12.5%1st sg100120001

2nd ms0.0%62.5%25.0%37.5%62.5%25.0%100.0%25.0%87.5%2nd ms052352827

2nd fm37.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%62.5%0.0%75.0%37.5%12.5%2nd fm300050631

1st pl0.0%12.5%12.5%12.5%25.0%12.5%0.0%50.0%0.0%1st pl011121040

2nd pl0.0%87.5%25.0%0.0%100.0%12.5%100.0%37.5%100.0%2nd pl072081838

2 3rd person1st & other1st & 3rdMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sg

English - Imitation

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%15.4%7.7%V+ing for 3rd [N=26]000000042

Wrong tense [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%Wrong tense [N=26]000100100

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]30.0%10.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%10.0%0.0%0.0%Wrong 3rd person [N=10]310000100

Root Infinitives [N=16]6.3%0.0%0.0%62.5%50.0%68.8%62.5%68.8%50.0%Root Infinitives [N=16]1001081110118

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd) by target person

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Number of erroneous responses

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Number of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Number of errors by conjugation

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Number of error (mostly 3rd person) by target person

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Number of errors by target person

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Number of errors of total responses

sentence completion English

TD BS

EliMiciEfiTDEliMiciEfi

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%V+ing [N=160000

Wrong tense [N=16]12.5%12.5%6.3%10.4%Wrong tense [N=16]2215

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]0.0%16.7%0.0%5.6%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]0101

Root Infinitives [N=16]12.5%0.0%6.3%6.3%Root Infinitives [N=16]2013

43290.1363636364

sentence completion - Hebrew

EliMiciEfiTDEliMiciEfi

Root Infinitives [N=42]2.4%2.4%0.0%1.6%Root Infinitives [N=42]1102

Wrong tense [N=42]4.8%2.4%0.0%2.4%Wrong tense [N=42]2103

wrong gender [N=42]9.5%0.0%2.4%4.0%wrong gender [N=42]4015

Wrong Number [N=42]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%Wrong Number [N=42]0000

wrong conjugation [N=45]11.1%0.0%0.0%3.7%wrong conjugation [N=45]5005

1221150.1111111111

error rate for the different conjugations

EliMiciEfiTDEliMiciEfi

Pi'el [N=13]15.4%0.0%0.0%5.1%Pi'el [N=13]2002

Hitpa'el [N=12]16.7%0.0%0.0%5.6%Hitpa'el [N=12]2002

Hif'il [N=5]20.0%0.0%0.0%6.7%Hif'il [N=5]1001

50050.1111111111

Hebrew Enactment

EliMiciEfiTD

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

No errors

Hebrew-Imitation

EliMiciEfiTDEliMiciEfi

1st sg0.0%0.0%12.5%4.2%1st sg0011

2nd ms12.5%25.0%0.0%12.5%2nd ms1203

2nd fm0.0%12.5%12.5%8.3%2nd fm0112

1st pl0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%1st pl0000

2nd pl12.5%37.5%37.5%29.2%2nd pl1337

265130.325

EliMiciEfi

English - ImitationE Sentence completion N=2281.8%86.4%90.9%

E Imitation N=26100.0%100.0%100.0%

EliMiciEfiTDH Sentence completion N=4573.3%95.6%97.8%

V+ing for 3rdH Imitation N=4095.0%85.0%87.5%

Wrong tenseH Enactment N=24100.0%100.0%100.0%

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

No errors

0

0

0

0

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

0202

0210

0101

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Number of erroneous responses

12405

11000

00100

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Number of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Number of errors by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Number of errors by target person

At Risk Verb Inflections

Chart1

0.50.80769230770.33333333330.850.125

0.22727272730.69230769230.24444444440.450

0.45454545450.69230769230.71111111110.8250.125

0.68181818180.84615384620.46666666670.4250.3333333333

0.81818181820.96153846150.80.80.8333333333

0.50.46153846150.71111111110.850.9166666667

0.68181818180.53846153850.51111111110.4250.875

0.31818181820.38461538460.82222222220.850.7916666667

0.13636363640.42307692310.73333333330.51

0.22727272730.19230769230.71111111110.70.9166666667

0.45454545450.38461538460.75555555560.3750.5

E Sentence completion N=22

E Imitation N=26

H Sentence completion N=45

H Imitation N=40

H Enactment N=24

Total target responses by task per child

6 at risk kids

sentence completion English

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing0%0%7%

Wrong tense6%12%12%

Wrong 3rd person8%16%24%

Root Infinitives19%47%53%

sentence completion - Hebrew

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Root Infinitives1.2%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense5.0%3.8%2.5%

wrong gender0.0%8.0%8.0%

wrong conjugation5.5%17.0%5.5%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Pi'el6.5%17.0%13.0%

Hitpa'el7.5%19.0%0.0%

Hif'il10.0%50.0%10.0%

Hebrew Enactment

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg37.50%12.50%6.25%

2nd ms62.50%12.50%0.00%

2nd fm62.50%0.00%0.00%

2nd pl6.25%0.00%0.00%

3 conjugation errors

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg6.25%6.25%6.25%

2nd ms6.25%43.75%56.25%

2nd fm25%31.25%25%

1st pl6.25%18.75%25%

2nd pl12.50%56.25%68.75%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

Conjugation errors in E-TD and H-TD

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing for 3rd0.00%0.00%37.50%

Wrong tense0.00%0.00%0.00%

Wrong 3rd person25.00%0.00%0.00%

Root Infinitives3.12%60.00%60.00%

6 at risk kids

V+ing

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Sentence Completion - EnglishPercentage of erroneous responses

9AR+6TD

Root Infinitives

Wrong tense

wrong gender

wrong conjugation

Sentence completion - Hebrew

3No-TD BS

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

Error rate by conjugation

3H-TD BS

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

2nd pl

Enactment - HebrewError (mostly 3rd person) rate by target person

3E-TD BS

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Imitation - Hebrew

Sum TD and At risk

V+ing for 3rd

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Imitation - English

6 TD and 9 at risk success

sentence completion English

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

V+ing0%0%4%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense8%4%4%10.4%0.0%4.2%

Wrong 3rd person6%11%28%5.6%27.8%17.0%

Root Infinitives13%50%48%6.3%60.4%33.0%

sentence completion - Hebrew

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

Root Infinitives0.8%0.0%0.0%0.8%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense4.4%4.4%5.9%2.4%1.5%1.8%

wrong gender6.3%7.9%7.1%4.0%0.0%6.0%

Wrong Number3.2%0.8%0.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%

wrong conjugation8.9%8.9%3.0%3.7%0.0%1.5%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

Pi'el0.0%9.8%5.1%5.1%0.0%2.5%

Hitpa'el30.6%16.7%2.8%5.6%0.0%4.1%

Hif'il13.3%26.7%6.7%6.7%0.0%3.4%

Hebrew Enactment

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

1st sg24.00%4.17%4.17%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd ms75.00%8.33%16.67%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd fm72.41%4.17%20.83%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Mostly 3rdMostly 3rdMostly 3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

1st sg4.17%16.67%4.17%4.2%4.2%4.2%

2nd ms29.17%41.67%68.00%12.5%4.2%8.3%

2nd fm13%20.83%42%8.3%4.2%6.2%

1st pl8.33%16.67%17%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd pl37.50%37.50%79.17%29.2%12.5%16.2%

Mostly 1stMostly 1stMostly 1st

7/9 one boy8/9 one girl

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

V+ing for 3rd0.00%0.00%12.50%0.00%8.3%4.1%

Wrong tense0.00%2.08%0.00%0.00%0.0%0.0%

Wrong 3rd person13.33%0.00%3.33%0.00%0.0%0.0%

Root Infinitives2.08%60.42%60.42%0.0%35.4%17.6%

6 TD and 9 at risk success

V+ing

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

TD sentence completion - English

Hebrew

V+ing

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Sentence completion - English

imitation

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

TD conjugation errors

11 at risk success

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

conjugation errors

11 at risk

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Enactment

9 at risk

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

TD Imitation - Hebrew

3-6TD BS

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Imitation - Hebrewerror rate

V+ing for 3rd

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

TD Imitation - English

V+ing for 3rd

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Imitation - Englisherror rate

Root Infinitives

Wrong tense

wrong gender

Wrong Number

wrong conjugation

TD sentence completion - Hebrew

Root Infinitives

Wrong tense

wrong gender

Wrong Number

wrong conjugation

Sentence completion - Hebrew

sentence completion English

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

V+ing [N=160.0%6.3%9.1%5.1%

Wrong tense [N=16]0.0%6.3%6.3%4.2%

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]33.3%33.3%16.7%27.8%

Root Infinitives [N=16]37.5%43.8%62.5%47.9%

sentence completion - Hebrew

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

Root Infinitives [N=42]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=42]8.9%4.8%0.0%4.6%

wrong gender [N=42]2.4%7.1%9.5%6.3%

Wrong Number [N=42]2.4%0.0%0.0%0.8%

wrong conjugation [N=45]2.2%0.0%6.7%3.0%

error rate for the different conjugations

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%0.0%15.4%5.1%

Hitpa'el [N=12]8.3%0.0%0.0%2.8%

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%0.0%20.0%6.7%

Hebrew Enactment

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

1st sg0.0%12.5%0.0%4.2%

2nd ms50.0%0.0%0.0%16.7%

2nd fm62.5%0.0%0.0%20.8%

All 3rd3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

1st sg0.0%0.0%12.5%4.2%

2nd ms100.0%25.0%87.5%70.8%

2nd fm75.0%37.5%12.5%41.7%

1st pl0.0%50.0%0.0%16.7%

2nd pl100.0%37.5%100.0%79.2%

Mostly 1st sgMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sg

English - Imitation

DadiAkiShlomiNo-TD

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%15.4%7.7%7.7%

Wrong tense [N=16]3.8%0.0%0.0%1.3%

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]10.0%0.0%0.0%3.3%

Root Infinitives [N=16]62.5%68.8%50.0%60.4%

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd person) by target person

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total contexts

sentence completion English

LianOritAdiH-TDLianOritAdi

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%V+ing [N=16000

Wrong tense [N=16]6.3%0.0%0.0%2.1%Wrong tense [N=16]100

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]000

Root Infinitives [N=16]62.5%50.0%68.8%60.4%Root Infinitives [N=16]10811

sentence completion - Hebrew

LianOritAdiH-TD

Root Infinitives [N=42]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=42]4.8%4.8%2.4%4.0%

wrong gender [N=42]9.5%9.5%4.8%7.9%

Wrong Number [N=42]2.4%0.0%0.0%0.8%

wrong conjugation [N=45]2.2%15.6%8.9%8.9%

error rate for the different conjugations

LianOritAdiH-TD

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%26.7%0.0%8.9%

Hitpa'el [N=12]8.3%30.8%8.3%15.8%

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%20.0%60.0%26.7%

Hebrew Enactment

LianOritAdiH-TD

1st sg0.0%12.5%0.0%4.2%

2nd ms0.0%0.0%25.0%8.3%

2nd fm12.5%0.0%0.0%4.2%

gender3rd person3rd person

Hebrew-Imitation

LianOritAdiH-TD

1st sg12.5%25.0%0.0%12.5%

2nd ms37.5%62.5%25.0%41.7%

2nd fm0.0%62.5%0.0%20.8%

1st pl12.5%25.0%12.5%16.7%

2nd pl0.0%100.0%12.5%37.5%

English - Imitation

LianOritAdiH-TD

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=26]3.8%0.0%0.0%1.3%

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Root Infinitives [N=16]62.5%50.0%68.8%60.4%

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

00.06666666670.071428571400.0222222222

00.04444444440.09523809520.09523809520.2444444444

0.02380952380.02380952380.023809523800.0222222222

0.00793650790.0449735450.06349206350.03174603170.0962962963

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd person) by target person

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total contexts

01010

0008

00011

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

sentence completion English

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%TzikiBeniReli

Wrong tense [N=16]12.5%12.5%0.0%8.3%V+ing [N=16000

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]16.7%0.0%0.0%5.6%Wrong tense [N=16]220

Root Infinitives [N=16]18.8%0.0%18.8%12.5%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]100

Root Infinitives [N=16]303

sentence completion - Hebrew

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

Root Infinitives [N=42]0.0%0.0%2.4%0.8%

Wrong tense [N=42]6.7%4.4%2.4%4.5%

wrong gender [N=42]7.1%9.5%2.4%6.3%

Wrong Number [N=42]0.0%9.5%0.0%3.2%

wrong conjugation [N=45]2.2%24.4%2.2%9.6%

error rate for the different conjugations

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Hitpa'el [N=12]8.3%83.3%0.0%30.6%

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%20.0%20.0%13.3%

Hebrew Enactment

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

1st sg66.7%0.0%0.0%22.2%

2nd ms87.5%100.0%50.0%79.2%

2nd fm100.0%91.7%25.0%72.2%

All 3rd personMostly 3rd personAll 3rd person

Hebrew-Imitation

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

1st sg12.5%0.0%0.0%4.2%

2nd ms0.0%62.5%25.0%29.2%

2nd fm37.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%

1st pl0.0%12.5%12.5%8.3%

2nd pl0.0%87.5%25.0%37.5%

2 3rd person1st & other1st & 3rd

English - Imitation

TzikiBeniReliE-TD

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]30.0%10.0%0.0%13.3%

Root Infinitives [N=16]6.3%0.0%0.0%2.1%

0

0

0

0

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd person) by target person

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total contexts

0213

0200

0003

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

sentence completion English

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%5.1%

Wrong tense [N=16]10.4%8.3%2.1%4.2%

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]5.6%5.6%0.0%27.8%

Root Infinitives [N=16]6.3%12.5%60.4%47.9%

sentence completion - Hebrew

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

Root Infinitives [N=42]1.6%0.8%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense [N=42]2.4%4.5%4.0%4.6%

wrong gender [N=42]4.0%6.3%7.9%6.3%

Wrong Number [N=42]0.0%3.2%0.8%0.8%

wrong conjugation [N=45]3.7%9.6%8.9%3.0%

error rate for the different conjugations

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

Pi'el [N=13]5.1%0.0%8.9%5.1%

Hitpa'el [N=12]5.6%30.6%15.8%2.8%

Hif'il [N=5]6.7%13.3%26.7%6.7%

Hebrew Enactment

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg0.0%22.2%4.2%4.2%

2nd ms0.0%79.2%8.3%16.7%

2nd fm0.0%72.2%4.2%20.8%

Mostly 3rdMostly 3rdMostly 3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg4.2%4.2%12.5%4.2%

2nd ms12.5%29.2%41.7%70.8%

2nd fm8.3%12.5%20.8%41.7%

1st pl0.0%8.3%16.7%16.7%

2nd pl29.2%37.5%37.5%79.2%

English - Imitation

TDE-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%7.7%

Wrong tense [N=26]0.0%0.0%1.3%1.3%

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]0.0%13.3%0.0%3.3%

Root Infinitives [N=16]0.0%2.1%60.4%60.4%

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erronous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd person) by target person

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total responses

9

Engligh- total target responses by task

E-TDH-TDA-TD

Cm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606EliMiciEfi

E Sentence completion N=2245.5%68.2%81.8%50.0%68.2%31.8%13.6%22.7%45.5%81.8%86.4%90.9%

E Imitation N=2669.2%84.6%96.2%46.2%53.8%38.5%42.3%19.2%38.5%100.0%100.0%100.0%

N=22 N=26

Tziki45.5%69.2%Eli81.8%100.0%

Beni68.2%84.6%Mici86.4%100.0%

Reli81.8%96.2%Efi90.9%100.0%

Lian50.0%46.2%Eli81.8%100.0%

Orit68.2%53.8%Mici86.4%100.0%

Adi31.8%38.5%Efi90.9%100.0%

Dadi45.5%38.5%Eli81.8%100.0%

Aki22.7%19.2%Mici86.4%100.0%

Shlomi13.6%42.3%Efi90.9%100.0%

47.5%54.3%86.4%100.0%

22.5%24.6%3.9%0.0%

Hebrew - total target responses by task

Cm504Bm509Rf606L502Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm607EliMiciEfi

H Sentence completion N=4571.1%46.7%80.0%71.1%51.1%82.2%73.3%71.1%75.6%73.3%95.6%97.8%

H Imitation N=4082.5%42.5%80.0%85.0%42.5%85.0%50.0%70.0%37.5%95.0%85.0%87.5%

H Enactment N=2412.5%33.3%83.3%91.7%87.5%79.2%100.0%91.7%50.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

N=45 N=40 N=24

Tziki71.1%82.5%12.5%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Beni46.7%42.5%33.3%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Reli80.0%80.0%83.3%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

Lian71.1%85.0%91.7%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Orit51.1%42.5%87.5%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Adi82.2%85.0%79.2%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

Dadi75.6%37.5%50.0%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Aki71.1%70.0%91.7%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Shlomi73.3%50.0%100.0%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

69.1%63.9%69.9%88.9%89.2%100.0%

12.2%20.4%30.5%11.7%4.5%0.0%

Im605

Ef601

Mf602

Af509

Nm509

Em505SeqSim

Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601

N=2281.8%86.4%90.9%Sentence completion E N=2282%86%82%82%77%91%

N=26100.0%100.0%100.0%Imitation E N=26100%100%96%81%88%100%

N=4573.3%95.6%97.8%Sentence completion H N=4573%96%91%98%100%98%

N=4095.0%85.0%87.5%Imitation H N=4095%85%83%95%95%88%

N=24100.0%100.0%100.0%Enactment H N=24100%100%100%100%100%100%

90.9%93.2%95.5%0.9615384615

89.4%93.5%95.1%

0.950.8846153846

90.0%93.4%95.2%

5.56.26.10.95

2.03.06.0

0.81818181820.9777777778

0.8076923077

N=22 N=26 N=45 N=40 N=24

45.5%69.2%71.1%82.5%12.5%61.9%47.5%56.2%5.62

68.2%84.6%46.7%42.5%33.3%66.5%37.9%55.1%5.83

81.8%96.2%80.0%80.0%83.3%86.0%81.7%84.3%6.64

50.0%46.2%71.1%85.0%91.7%55.8%88.3%68.8%5.52

68.2%53.8%51.1%42.5%87.5%57.7%65.0%60.6%6.23.5

31.8%38.5%82.2%85.0%79.2%50.8%82.1%63.3%6.92

45.5%38.5%75.6%37.5%50.0%53.2%43.8%49.4%6.62

22.7%19.2%71.1%70.0%91.7%37.7%80.8%54.9%5.64

13.6%42.3%73.3%50.0%100.0%43.1%75.0%55.9%5.64

0.900.930.950.560.550.840.690.610.630.490.550.56

5.56.26.15.65.86.65.56.26.96.65.65.6

23623423.52244

6.96.66.66.26.26.15.85.65.65.65.55.5

0.630.490.840.930.610.950.550.560.550.560.900.69

22433.56324422

64443.53322222

0.950.550.560.840.610.930.550.560.900.690.630.49

91%93%95%62%66%86%56%58%51%53%38%43%

89%94%95%48%38%82%88%65%82%44%81%75%

5.56.26.15.65.86.65.56.26.96.65.65.6

23623423.52244

64443.53322222

95%43%86%38%58%66%93%51%53%56%62%91%

95%75%82%81%65%38%94%82%44%88%48%89%

6.96.66.66.26.26.15.85.65.65.65.55.5

51%53%86%58%93%95%66%62%38%43%91%56%

82%44%82%65%94%95%38%48%81%75%89%88%

E Sentence completion N=22

E Imitation N=26

English total target responses by task per child

H Sentence completion N=45

H Imitation N=40

H Enactment N=24

Hebrew total target responses by task per child

E Sentence completion N=22

E Imitation N=26

H Sentence completion N=45

H Imitation N=40

H Enactment N=24

Total target responses by task per child

Cm506

Bm509

Rf606

L505

Of603

Af609

Dm606

Am506

Sm506

N=22

N=26

N=45

N=40

N=24

Sentence completion E N=22

Imitation E N=26

Sentence completion H N=45

Imitation H N=40

Enactment H N=24

TD Rate of Target Responses by Task (in Percentage)

(ing) [N=16]000000012

[N=16]220100011

[N=6]100000221

[N=16]303108116710

(ing) [N=26]000000042

[N=26]000100100

[N=10]310000100

[N=16]1001081110118

[N=42]001000000

[N=42]321221420

[N=42]341442134

[N=42]040100100

[N=42]6103763654

[N=45]41143105636

-

100120001

052352827

300050631

011121040

072081838

-

600010010

784002400

882100500

(ing) [N=16]

[N=16]

[N=6]

[N=16]

(ing) [N=26]

[N=26]

[N=10]

[N=16]

[N=42]

[N=42]

[N=42]

[N=42]

0.45454545450.69230769230.71111111110.8250.125

0.68181818180.84615384620.46666666670.4250.3333333333

0.81818181820.96153846150.80.80.8333333333

0.50.46153846150.71111111110.850.9166666667

0.68181818180.53846153850.51111111110.4250.875

0.31818181820.38461538460.82222222220.850.7916666667

0.45454545450.38461538460.75555555560.3750.5

0.22727272730.19230769230.71111111110.70.9166666667

0.13636363640.42307692310.73333333330.51

N=22

N=26

N=45

N=40

N=24

0.45454545450.68181818180.81818181820.50.68181818180.31818181820.45454545450.22727272730.1363636364

0.69230769230.84615384620.96153846150.46153846150.53846153850.38461538460.38461538460.19230769230.4230769231

0.71111111110.46666666670.80.71111111110.51111111110.82222222220.75555555560.71111111110.7333333333

0.8250.4250.80.850.4250.850.3750.70.5

0.1250.33333333330.83333333330.91666666670.8750.79166666670.50.91666666671

[N=42]

[N=45]

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDA-TD

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

1st sg12.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%25.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%12.5%1st sg100120100

1st pl0.0%12.5%12.5%12.5%25.0%12.5%0.0%50.0%0.0%1st pl011121040

2nd ms0.0%62.5%25.0%37.5%62.5%25.0%100.0%25.0%87.5%2nd ms052352728

2nd fm37.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%62.5%0.0%75.0%37.5%12.5%2nd fm300050136

2nd pl0.0%87.5%25.0%0.0%100.0%12.5%100.0%37.5%100.0%2nd pl072081838

2 3rd person1st & other1st & 3rdMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sg3124318316822

12.5%50.0%16.7%12.5%75.0%12.5%91.7%33.3%66.7%

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDA-TD

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%15.4%7.7%V+ing for 3rd [N=26]000000240

Wrong tense [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%Wrong tense [N=26]000100001

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]30.0%10.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%10.0%0.0%0.0%Wrong 3rd person [N=10]310000001

Root Infinitives [N=16]6.3%0.0%0.0%62.5%50.0%68.8%62.5%68.8%50.0%Root Infinitives [N=16]1001081181110

English ImitationE-TDH-TDA-TD

SeqSimCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef6012nd Person Errors in Hebrew3124318316822

3rd person001220Root Infinitives in English1001081181110

past tense0003102nd Person Errors in Hebrew13%50%17%13%75%13%92%33%67%

Root Infinitives001530Root Infinitives in English6%0%0%63%50%69%50%69%63%

0%0%13%31%19%0%

Hebrew Imitation

SeqSim

Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601

1st sg000001

1st pl000000

2nd ms122100

2nd fm012011

2nd pl133113

267224

1st sg000000.125

1st pl000000

2nd ms0.1250.250.250.12500

2nd fm00.1250.2500.1250.125

2nd pl0.1250.3750.3750.1250.1250.375

8%25%29%8%8%17%

Hebrew Imitation

SeqTDSim-TDE-TDH-TDA-TD

Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601Cm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

2nd Person Errors in Hebrew8%25%29%8%8%17%13%50%17%13%75%13%92%33%67%

Root Infinitives in English0%0%13%31%19%0%6%0%0%63%50%69%50%69%63%

Sim-TDSeqTDE-TDH-TDA-TD

Nm509Af509Ef601Em505Mf602Im605Cm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

2nd Person Errors in Hebrew8%8%17%8%25%29%13%50%17%13%75%13%92%33%67%

Root Infinitives in English31%19%0%0%0%13%6%0%0%63%50%69%50%69%63%

Root Infinitives in English

2nd Person Errors in Hebrew

2nd Person Errors in Hebrew

Root Infinitives in English

Indicative errors at-risk children

2nd Person Errors in Hebrew

Root Infinitives in English

indicative errors - TD

2nd Person Errors in Hebrew

Root Infinitives in English

Indicaive errors

9

Engligh- total target responses by task

E-TDH-TDA-TD

Mf401Am411Cm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606EliMiciEfi

E Sentence completion N=2250.0%22.7%45.5%68.2%81.8%50.0%68.2%31.8%13.6%22.7%45.5%81.8%86.4%90.9%

E Imitation N=2680.8%69.2%69.2%84.6%96.2%46.2%53.8%38.5%42.3%19.2%38.5%100.0%100.0%100.0%

N=22 N=26

Tziki45.5%69.2%Eli81.8%100.0%

Beni68.2%84.6%Mici86.4%100.0%

Reli81.8%96.2%Efi90.9%100.0%

Lian50.0%46.2%Eli81.8%100.0%

Orit68.2%53.8%Mici86.4%100.0%

Adi31.8%38.5%Efi90.9%100.0%

Dadi45.5%38.5%Eli81.8%100.0%

Aki22.7%19.2%Mici86.4%100.0%

Shlomi13.6%42.3%Efi90.9%100.0%

47.5%54.3%86.4%100.0%

22.5%24.6%3.9%0.0%

Hebrew - total target responses by task

E-TDH-TDA-TD

Mf401Am411Cm504Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm607EliMiciEfi

H Sentence completion N=4533.3%24.4%71.1%46.7%80.0%71.1%51.1%82.2%73.3%71.1%75.6%73.3%95.6%97.8%

H Imitation N=4085.0%45.0%82.5%42.5%80.0%85.0%42.5%85.0%50.0%70.0%37.5%95.0%85.0%87.5%

H Enactment N=2412.5%0.0%12.5%33.3%83.3%91.7%87.5%79.2%100.0%91.7%50.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

N=45 N=40 N=24

Tziki71.1%82.5%12.5%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Beni46.7%42.5%33.3%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Reli80.0%80.0%83.3%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

Lian71.1%85.0%91.7%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Orit51.1%42.5%87.5%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Adi82.2%85.0%79.2%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

Dadi75.6%37.5%50.0%Eli73.3%95.0%100.0%

Aki71.1%70.0%91.7%Mici95.6%85.0%100.0%

Shlomi73.3%50.0%100.0%Efi97.8%87.5%100.0%

69.1%63.9%69.9%88.9%89.2%100.0%

12.2%20.4%30.5%11.7%4.5%0.0%

Im605

Ef601

Mf602

Af509

Nm509

Em505SeqSim

Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601

N=2281.8%86.4%90.9%Sentence completion E N=2282%86%82%82%77%91%

N=26100.0%100.0%100.0%Imitation E N=26100%100%96%81%88%100%

N=4573.3%95.6%97.8%Sentence completion H N=4573%96%91%98%100%98%

N=4095.0%85.0%87.5%Imitation H N=4095%85%83%95%95%88%

N=24100.0%100.0%100.0%Enactment H N=24100%100%100%100%100%100%

90.9%93.2%95.5%0.9615384615

89.4%93.5%95.1%

0.950.8846153846

90.0%93.4%95.2%

5.56.26.10.95

2.03.06.0

0.81818181820.9777777778

0.8076923077

N=22 N=26 N=45 N=40 N=24

45.5%69.2%71.1%82.5%12.5%61.9%47.5%56.2%5.62

68.2%84.6%46.7%42.5%33.3%66.5%37.9%55.1%5.83

81.8%96.2%80.0%80.0%83.3%86.0%81.7%84.3%6.64

50.0%46.2%71.1%85.0%91.7%55.8%88.3%68.8%5.52

68.2%53.8%51.1%42.5%87.5%57.7%65.0%60.6%6.23.5

31.8%38.5%82.2%85.0%79.2%50.8%82.1%63.3%6.92

45.5%38.5%75.6%37.5%50.0%53.2%43.8%49.4%6.62

22.7%19.2%71.1%70.0%91.7%37.7%80.8%54.9%5.64

13.6%42.3%73.3%50.0%100.0%43.1%75.0%55.9%5.64

0.900.930.950.560.550.840.690.610.630.490.550.56

5.56.26.15.65.86.65.56.26.96.65.65.6

23623423.52244

6.96.66.66.26.26.15.85.65.65.65.55.5

0.630.490.840.930.610.950.550.560.550.560.900.69

22433.56324422

64443.53322222

0.950.550.560.840.610.930.550.560.900.690.630.49

91%93%95%62%66%86%56%58%51%53%38%43%

89%94%95%48%38%82%88%65%82%44%81%75%

5.56.26.15.65.86.65.56.26.96.65.65.6

23623423.52244

64443.53322222

95%43%86%38%58%66%93%51%53%56%62%91%

95%75%82%81%65%38%94%82%44%88%48%89%

6.96.66.66.26.26.15.85.65.65.65.55.5

51%53%86%58%93%95%66%62%38%43%91%56%

82%44%82%65%94%95%38%48%81%75%89%88%

E Sentence completion N=22

E Imitation N=26

English total target responses by task per child

H Sentence completion N=45

H Imitation N=40

H Enactment N=24

Hebrew total target responses by task per child

E Sentence completion N=22

E Imitation N=26

H Sentence completion N=45

H Imitation N=40

H Enactment N=24

Total target responses by task per child

0.81818181820.86363636360.9090909091

111

0.73333333330.95555555560.9777777778

0.950.850.875

111

0.45454545450.68181818180.81818181820.50.68181818180.31818181820.45454545450.22727272730.1363636364

0.69230769230.84615384620.96153846150.46153846150.53846153850.38461538460.38461538460.19230769230.4230769231

0.71111111110.46666666670.80.71111111110.51111111110.82222222220.75555555560.71111111110.7333333333

0.8250.4250.80.850.4250.850.3750.70.5

0.1250.33333333330.83333333330.91666666670.8750.79166666670.50.91666666671

Cm506

Bm509

Rf606

L505

Of603

Af609

Dm606

Am506

Sm506

0.45454545450.68181818180.81818181820.50.68181818180.31818181820.45454545450.22727272730.1363636364

0.69230769230.84615384620.96153846150.46153846150.53846153850.38461538460.38461538460.19230769230.4230769231

0.71111111110.46666666670.80.71111111110.51111111110.82222222220.75555555560.71111111110.7333333333

0.8250.4250.80.850.4250.850.3750.70.5

0.1250.33333333330.83333333330.91666666670.8750.79166666670.50.91666666671

0.45454545450.69230769230.71111111110.8250.125

0.68181818180.84615384620.46666666670.4250.3333333333

0.81818181820.96153846150.80.80.8333333333

0.50.46153846150.71111111110.850.9166666667

0.68181818180.53846153850.51111111110.4250.875

0.31818181820.38461538460.82222222220.850.7916666667

0.45454545450.38461538460.75555555560.3750.5

0.22727272730.19230769230.71111111110.70.9166666667

0.13636363640.42307692310.73333333330.51

N=22

N=26

N=45

N=40

N=24

0.6333372183

0.4939432789

0.8426107226

0.9338383838

0.6062781663

0.9523737374

0.5505944056

0.5615928516

0.5494716395

0.5585547786

0.9003030303

0.6878632479

0.9523737374

0.5494716395

0.5585547786

0.8426107226

0.6062781663

0.9338383838

0.5505944056

0.5615928516

0.9003030303

0.6878632479

0.6333372183

0.4939432789

0.90909090910.8944444444

0.93181818180.9351851852

0.95454545450.9509259259

0.61932141930.475

0.66487956490.3791666667

0.85990675990.8166666667

0.55754985750.8833333333

0.57713027710.65

0.50833980830.8208333333

0.53157213160.4375

0.37689717690.8083333333

0.43092463090.75

0.95454545450.9509259259

0.43092463090.75

0.85990675990.8166666667

0.37689717690.8083333333

0.57713027710.65

0.66487956490.3791666667

0.93181818180.9351851852

0.50833980830.8208333333

0.53157213160.4375

0.55754985750.8833333333

0.61932141930.475

0.90909090910.8944444444

0.50833980830.8208333333

0.53157213160.4375

0.85990675990.8166666667

0.57713027710.65

0.93181818180.9351851852

0.95454545450.9509259259

0.66487956490.3791666667

0.61932141930.475

0.37689717690.8083333333

0.43092463090.75

0.90909090910.8944444444

0.55754985750.8833333333

0.818181818210.73333333330.951

0.863636363610.95555555560.851

0.81818181820.96153846150.91111111110.8251

0.81818181820.80769230770.97777777780.951

0.77272727270.884615384610.951

0.909090909110.97777777780.8751

Sentence completion E N=22

Imitation E N=26

Sentence completion H N=45

Imitation H N=40

Enactment H N=24

TD Rate of Target Responses by Task (in Percentage)

sentence completion English

E-TDH-TDA-TD

Mf401Am411Cm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%9.1%6.3%0.0%V+ing [N=16000000012

Wrong tense [N=16]18.8%0.0%12.5%12.5%0.0%6.3%0.0%0.0%6.3%6.3%0.0%Wrong tense [N=16]220100011

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]16.7%16.7%16.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%16.7%33.3%33.3%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]100000221

Root Infinitives [N=16]43.8%75.0%18.8%0.0%18.8%62.5%50.0%68.8%62.5%43.8%37.5%Root Infinitives [N=16]303108116710

Total6231181181114N=16

Tziki32Eli

Beni00Mici

Reli31Efi

Lian102Eli

Orit80Mici

Adi111Efi

Dadi62Eli

Aki70Mici

Shlomi101Efi

61

3.77859468290.8660254038

sentence completion - Hebrew

MimiArikTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

Root Infinitives [N=42]4.8%2.4%0.0%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%Root Infinitives [N=42]001000000

Wrong tense [N=42]14.3%4.8%6.7%4.4%2.4%4.8%4.8%2.4%8.9%4.8%0.0%Wrong tense [N=42]321221420

wrong gender [N=42]21.4%16.7%7.1%9.5%2.4%9.5%9.5%4.8%2.4%7.1%9.5%wrong gender [N=42]341442134

Wrong Number [N=42]7.1%31.0%0.0%9.5%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%Wrong Number [N=42]040100100

wrong conjugation [N=45]4.4%26.7%2.2%24.4%2.2%2.2%15.6%8.9%2.2%0.0%6.7%wrong conjugation [N=45]41143105636

Total52.1%81.4%16.0%47.9%9.4%18.9%29.8%16.0%15.9%11.9%16.2%Total102171016812810

error rate for the different conjugations

MimiArikTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%15.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%26.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%15.4%4.7%Pi'el [N=13]002041224

Hitpa'el [N=12]16.7%50.0%8.3%83.3%0.0%8.3%30.8%8.3%8.3%0.0%0.0%16.4%Hitpa'el [N=12]1101341310

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%60.0%0.0%20.0%20.0%0.0%20.0%60.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%15.6%Hif'il [N=5]211023102

Hebrew Enactment

E-TDH-TDA-TD

MimiArikTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

1st sg75.0%100.0%66.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%12.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%0.0%1st sg600010010

2nd ms100.0%100.0%87.5%100.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%25.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%2nd ms784002004

2nd fm100.0%100.0%100.0%91.7%25.0%12.5%0.0%0.0%62.5%0.0%0.0%2nd fm882100005

All 3rd personAll 3rd personAll 3rd personMostly 3rd personAll 3rd persongender3rd person3rd personAll 3rd3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDA-TD

MimiArikTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

1st sg0.0%12.5%12.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%25.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%12.5%1st sg100120100

2nd ms0.0%66.7%0.0%62.5%25.0%37.5%62.5%25.0%100.0%25.0%87.5%2nd ms052352728

2nd fm12.5%37.5%37.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%62.5%0.0%75.0%37.5%12.5%2nd fm300050136

1st pl0.0%28.6%0.0%12.5%12.5%12.5%25.0%12.5%0.0%50.0%0.0%1st pl011121040

2nd pl12.5%62.5%0.0%87.5%25.0%0.0%100.0%12.5%100.0%37.5%100.0%2nd pl072081838

2 3rd person1st & other1st & 3rdMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sg

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDA-TD

MimiArikTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%15.4%7.7%V+ing for 3rd [N=26]000000240

Wrong tense [N=26]0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%Wrong tense [N=26]000100001

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]10.0%10.0%30.0%10.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%10.0%0.0%0.0%Wrong 3rd person [N=10]310000001

Root Infinitives [N=16]12.5%18.8%6.3%0.0%0.0%62.5%50.0%68.8%62.5%68.8%50.0%Root Infinitives [N=16]1001081181110

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

sentence completion English

E-TDH-TDA-TD

Cm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%9.1%6.3%0.0%V+ing [N=16000000012

Wrong tense [N=16]12.5%12.5%0.0%6.3%0.0%0.0%6.3%6.3%0.0%Wrong tense [N=16]220100011

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]16.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%16.7%33.3%33.3%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]100000221

Root Infinitives [N=16]18.8%0.0%18.8%62.5%50.0%68.8%62.5%43.8%37.5%Root Infinitives [N=16]303108116710

Total6231181181114N=16

Tziki32Eli

Beni00Mici

Reli31Efi

Lian102Eli

Orit80Mici

Adi111Efi

Dadi62Eli

Aki70Mici

Shlomi101Efi

61

3.77859468290.8660254038

sentence completion - Hebrew

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

Root Infinitives [N=42]0.0%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%Root Infinitives [N=42]001000000

Wrong tense [N=42]6.7%4.4%2.4%4.8%4.8%2.4%8.9%4.8%0.0%Wrong tense [N=42]321221420

wrong gender [N=42]7.1%9.5%2.4%9.5%9.5%4.8%2.4%7.1%9.5%wrong gender [N=42]341442134

Wrong Number [N=42]0.0%9.5%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.0%Wrong Number [N=42]040100100

wrong conjugation [N=45]2.2%24.4%2.2%2.2%15.6%8.9%2.2%0.0%6.7%wrong conjugation [N=45]41143105636

Total16.0%47.9%9.4%18.9%29.8%16.0%15.9%11.9%16.2%Total102171016812810

error rate for the different conjugations

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiTzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomi

Pi'el [N=13]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%26.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%15.4%4.7%Pi'el [N=13]002041224

Hitpa'el [N=12]8.3%83.3%0.0%8.3%30.8%8.3%8.3%0.0%0.0%16.4%Hitpa'el [N=12]1101341310

Hif'il [N=5]0.0%20.0%20.0%0.0%20.0%60.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%15.6%Hif'il [N=5]211023102

Hebrew Enactment

E-TDH-TDA-TD

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

1st sg66.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%12.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%0.0%1st sg600010010

2nd ms87.5%100.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%25.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%2nd ms784002004

2nd fm100.0%91.7%25.0%12.5%0.0%0.0%62.5%0.0%0.0%2nd fm882100005

All 3rd personMostly 3rd personAll 3rd persongender3rd person3rd personAll 3rd3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDA-TD

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

1st sg12.5%0.0%0.0%12.5%25.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%12.5%1st sg100120100

2nd ms0.0%62.5%25.0%37.5%62.5%25.0%100.0%25.0%87.5%2nd ms052352728

2nd fm37.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%62.5%0.0%75.0%37.5%12.5%2nd fm300050136

1st pl0.0%12.5%12.5%12.5%25.0%12.5%0.0%50.0%0.0%1st pl011121040

2nd pl0.0%87.5%25.0%0.0%100.0%12.5%100.0%37.5%100.0%2nd pl072081838

2 3rd person1st & other1st & 3rdMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sgMostly 1st sg

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDA-TD

TzikiBeniReliLianOritAdiDadiAkiShlomiCm506Bm509Rf606L505Of603Af609Sm506Am506Dm606

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%15.4%7.7%V+ing for 3rd [N=26]000000240

Wrong tense [N=26]0.0%0.0%0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%3.8%0.0%0.0%Wrong tense [N=26]000100001

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]30.0%10.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%10.0%0.0%0.0%Wrong 3rd person [N=10]310000001

Root Infinitives [N=16]6.3%0.0%0.0%62.5%50.0%68.8%62.5%68.8%50.0%Root Infinitives [N=16]1001081181110

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Error rate (mostly 3rd) by target person

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of errors out of total responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Number of erroneous responses

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Number of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Number of errors by conjugation

111

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Number of error (mostly 3rd person) by target person

11111

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Number of errors by target person

1111

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Number of errors of total responses

V+ing for 3rd [N=26]

Wrong tense [N=26]

Wrong 3rd person [N=10]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Frequency of Error Types

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

Frequency of errors (mostly 3rd person) by target person

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Frequency of Errors by Target Person

sentence completion English

TD BSSeqSim

EliMiciEfiTDEliMiciEfiEm505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601

V+ing [N=160.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%V+ing [N=160000V+ing [N=160000000

Wrong tense [N=16]12.5%12.5%6.3%10.4%Wrong tense [N=16]2215Wrong tense [N=16]2200015

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]0.0%16.7%0.0%5.6%Wrong 3rd person [N=6]0101Wrong 3rd person [N=6]0112105

Root Infinitives [N=16]12.5%0.0%6.3%6.3%Root Infinitives [N=16]2013Root Infinitives [N=16]20324112

432943445222

0.1363636364

0.125

0.1388888889

0.0520833333

sentence completion - Hebrew

EliMiciEfiTDEliMiciEfiSeqSim

Root Infinitives [N=42]2.4%2.4%0.0%1.6%Root Infinitives [N=42]1102Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601

Wrong tense [N=42]4.8%2.4%0.0%2.4%Wrong tense [N=42]2103Root Infinitives [N=42]110000

wrong gender [N=42]9.5%0.0%2.4%4.0%wrong gender [N=42]4015Wrong tense [N=42]211000

Wrong Number [N=42]0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%Wrong Number [N=42]0000wrong gender [N=42]403101

wrong conjugation [N=45]11.1%0.0%0.0%3.7%wrong conjugation [N=45]5005Wrong Number [N=42]000000

1221150.1111111111

error rate for the different conjugations

EliMiciEfiTDEliMiciEfi

Pi'el [N=13]15.4%0.0%0.0%5.1%Pi'el [N=13]2002

Hitpa'el [N=12]16.7%0.0%0.0%5.6%Hitpa'el [N=12]2002

Hif'il [N=5]20.0%0.0%0.0%6.7%Hif'il [N=5]1001

50050.1111111111

Hebrew Enactment

EliMiciEfiTD

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

No errors

Hebrew-Imitation

EliMiciEfiTDEliMiciEfi

1st sg0.0%0.0%12.5%4.2%1st sg0011

2nd ms12.5%25.0%0.0%12.5%2nd ms1203

2nd fm0.0%12.5%12.5%8.3%2nd fm0112

1st pl0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%1st pl0000

2nd pl12.5%37.5%37.5%29.2%2nd pl1337

265130.325

Hebrew Imitation

SeqSim

Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601

1st sg000001

2nd ms122100

2nd fm012011

1st pl000000

2nd pl133113

267225

1st sg000000.125

1st pl000000

2nd ms0.1250.250.250.12500

2nd fm00.1250.2500.1250.125

EliMiciEfi2nd pl0.1250.3750.3750.1250.1250.375

English - ImitationE Sentence completion N=2281.8%86.4%90.9%8%25%29%8%8%17%

E Imitation N=26100.0%100.0%100.0%

EliMiciEfiTDH Sentence completion N=4573.3%95.6%97.8%

V+ing for 3rdH Imitation N=4095.0%85.0%87.5%

Wrong tenseH Enactment N=24100.0%100.0%100.0%

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

No errors

English Imitation

SeqSim

Em505Mf602Im605Nm509Af509Ef601

3rd person001220

past tense000310

Root infinitives000

0

0

0

0

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Percentage of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Error rate by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Error rate by target person

0202

0210

0101

V+ing [N=16

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Number of erroneous responses

12405

11000

00100

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Wrong Number [N=42]

wrong conjugation [N=45]

Number of erroneous responses

Pi'el [N=13]

Hitpa'el [N=12]

Hif'il [N=5]

Number of errors by conjugation

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Number of errors by target person

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

Sentence Completion - English: Type of Erroneous Responses (in Numbers)

Root Infinitives [N=42]

Wrong tense [N=42]

wrong gender [N=42]

Sentence Completion - Hebrew: Type of Erroneous Responses (in Numbers)

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Hebrew

3rd person

past tense

English

Types of errors - EnglishV-ing: The cat hops and the dog hoppingWrong tense: Here the boy jumps and the girl jumpedWrong 3rd person: The cat hops and the dogs hopsRoot infinitives: The cat hops and the dog hop

Types of Errors - HebrewRoot infinitivesWrong tense past for present or vice versaWrong gender masculine for feminineWrong number singular for pluralWrong person 1st person for 2nd person and or versa

TD - Sentence Completion Task: Frequency of Error Types5/96 wrong tense, 12/96 person and tense omission (Root Infinitives), (13%) wrong 3rd person with plural subject2/252 infinitive, 4/252 wrong tense, 9/256 wrong gender (all present, feminine, plural [N=24])

Chart1

202

210

013

022

014

101

Wrong tense [N=16]

Wrong 3rd person [N=6]

Root Infinitives [N=16]

English

6 at risk kids

sentence completion English

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing0%0%7%

Wrong tense6%12%12%

Wrong 3rd person8%16%24%

Root Infinitives19%47%53%

sentence completion - Hebrew

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Root Infinitives1.2%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense5.0%3.8%2.5%

wrong gender0.0%8.0%8.0%

wrong conjugation5.5%17.0%5.5%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Pi'el6.5%17.0%13.0%

Hitpa'el7.5%19.0%0.0%

Hif'il10.0%50.0%10.0%

Hebrew Enactment

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg37.50%12.50%6.25%

2nd ms62.50%12.50%0.00%

2nd fm62.50%0.00%0.00%

2nd pl6.25%0.00%0.00%

3 conjugation errors

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

1st sg6.25%6.25%6.25%

2nd ms6.25%43.75%56.25%

2nd fm25%31.25%25%

1st pl6.25%18.75%25%

2nd pl12.50%56.25%68.75%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

Conjugation errors in E-TD and H-TD

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TD

V+ing for 3rd0.00%0.00%37.50%

Wrong tense0.00%0.00%0.00%

Wrong 3rd person25.00%0.00%0.00%

Root Infinitives3.12%60.00%60.00%

6 at risk kids

0000

0000

0000

V+ing

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Sentence Completion - EnglishPercentage of erroneous responses

9AR+6TD

0000

0000

0000

Root Infinitives

Wrong tense

wrong gender

wrong conjugation

Sentence completion - Hebrew

3No-TD BS

000

000

000

Pi'el

Hitpa'el

Hif'il

Error rate by conjugation

3H-TD BS

0000

0000

0000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

2nd pl

Enactment - HebrewError (mostly 3rd person) rate by target person

3E-TD BS

00000

00000

00000

1st sg

2nd ms

2nd fm

1st pl

2nd pl

Imitation - Hebrew

Sum TD and At risk

0000

0000

0000

V+ing for 3rd

Wrong tense

Wrong 3rd person

Root Infinitives

Imitation - English

6 TD and 9 at risk success

sentence completion English

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

V+ing0%0%4%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense8%4%4%10.4%0.0%4.2%

Wrong 3rd person6%11%28%5.6%27.8%17.0%

Root Infinitives13%50%48%6.3%60.4%33.0%

sentence completion - Hebrew

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

Root Infinitives0.8%0.0%0.0%0.8%0.0%0.0%

Wrong tense4.4%4.4%5.9%2.4%1.5%1.8%

wrong gender6.3%7.9%7.1%4.0%0.0%6.0%

Wrong Number3.2%0.8%0.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%

wrong conjugation8.9%8.9%3.0%3.7%0.0%1.5%

error rate for the different conjugations

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

Pi'el0.0%9.8%5.1%5.1%0.0%2.5%

Hitpa'el30.6%16.7%2.8%5.6%0.0%4.1%

Hif'il13.3%26.7%6.7%6.7%0.0%3.4%

Hebrew Enactment

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

1st sg24.00%4.17%4.17%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd ms75.00%8.33%16.67%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd fm72.41%4.17%20.83%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Mostly 3rdMostly 3rdMostly 3rd

Hebrew-Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

1st sg4.17%16.67%4.17%4.2%4.2%4.2%

2nd ms29.17%41.67%68.00%12.5%4.2%8.3%

2nd fm13%20.83%42%8.3%4.2%6.2%

1st pl8.33%16.67%17%0.0%0.0%0.0%

2nd pl37.50%37.50%79.17%29.2%12.5%16.2%

Mostly 1stMostly 1stMostly 1st

7/9 one boy8/9 one girl

English - Imitation

E-TDH-TDNo-TDTD-BSTD=KGTD-All

V+ing for 3rd0.00%0.00%12.50%0.00%8.3%4.1%

Wrong tense0.00%2.08%0.00%0.00%0.0%0.0%

Wrong 3rd person13.33%0.00%3.33%0.00%0.0%0.0%

Root Infinitives2.08%60.42%60.42%0.0%35.4%17.6%

6 TD and 9 at risk success

0000

0000

V+ing

Wrong tens