verb review (sp3, sem 2) this year we have covered all the tenses in spanish! : 1) present 2)...

VERB REVIEW (Sp3, Sem 2)This year we have covered all the tenses in Spanish! :1) Present 2) Preterite3) Imperfect4) Pretertie VS Imperfect5) Present Subjunctive6) Commands7) Future8) Conditional9) Imperfect Subjunctive10) Present Perfect11) Pluperfect12) Conditional Perfect13) Future Perfect14) Present Perfect Subjunctive15) Pluperfect Subjunctive16) Sequence of tenses/Si clauses

1) Present (now or in general)REGULAR-ar endings -er endings -ir endings-o -amos -o -emos -o

-imos-as -es -es-a -an -e -en -e -en

Irregulars=Shoe verbs, yo-go verbs, lots to memorize. See your 1st semester notes for details.

2) Preterite (yesterday/past)RegularAR- é, aste, ó, amos, aronER/IR- í, iste, ió, imos, ieron_________________________________________________________Irregulars: LOTSChanclas: O-UEdormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos,

durmieronE-I serví, serviste, sirvió, servimos, sirvieronI-Y oí, oíste, oyó, oímos, oyeron

Root Changers- Tener- tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvieron etc.

Extras- ir, ser etc

3) Imperfect- “were doing”REGULAR-ar endings -er/ir endings-aba -ábamos -ía -íamos-abas -------- -ías -------aba -aban -ía -ían___________________________________________________IRREGULARS Ir =to go ser=to be ver=to seeIba era veíaIbas eras veíasIba era veíaíbamos éramos veíamosIban eran veían

4) Preterite VS ImperfectUnlike English that has only one past tense,

Spanish has 2, the preterite and the imperfect. Though they both express action in the past, there are specific uses for each tense.

The preterite is generally used to relate what happened; it tells the story or provides the plot. It is often translated as the “ed” in English (walked).

The imperfect gives background information and describes conditions or continuing events.

5) Present Subjunctive (is/are and will)Start in the yo form of the present indicative

tense, drop the o and add opposite endings.AR verbs-e, es, e, emos, en

Hablar= hable, hables, hable, hablemos, hablenER/IR verbs- a, as, a, amos, an

Comer- coma, comas, coma, comamos, comanVivir- viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, vivan

Irregulars- ir (vaya…), saber (sepa…), ser (sea…), estar (esté…), dar (dé…), haber (haya…)

6) CommandsUD/ UDS/ Tú negativeStart in the yo form of the present indictaive tense,

drop the o and add opposite endings.AR verbs Ud –e Uds -en Tú negative= No

-es ER/IR verbs Ud –a Uds -an Tú negative= No

-as Irregulars- ir (vaya, vayan, no vayas), saber (sepa,

sepan, no sepas), ser (ser, sean, no seas), estar (esté, estén, no estés), dar (dé, den, no des)

_________________________________________________Tú positiveTú positive commands will be the 3rd person singular

of the present indicative. AR verbs- a, ER/IR verbs -e. “Little” irregulars (Vendisal haz ten véponse.)

7) Future (WILL)Endings for all verbs. Add to infinitive.Yo -é Nosotros -emosTú -ásÉl, Ella, UD -á Ellos(as), Uds –án

12 irregulars- tener (tendr), venir (vendr), hacer (har), decir (dir), querer (querr), salir (saldr), poder (podr), poner (pondr), valer (valdr), caber (cabr), saber (sabr), haber (habr)

8) Conditional (WOULD)Endings for all verbs. Add to infinitive.Yo -ía Nosotros -íamosTú -íasÉl, Ella, Ud -ía Ellos (as), Uds -ían

Same irregulars as the Future tense12 irregulars- tener (tendr), venir (vendr), hacer

(har), decir (dir), querer (querr), salir (saldr), poder (podr), poner (pondr), valer (valdr), caber (cabr), saber (sabr), haber (habr)

9) Imperfect Subjunctive (was/ were and would have)Start in the ellos form of the preterite, drop

the -on and add a, as, a, amos, an (accent on nosotros) OR drop the -ron and add se, ses, se, semos, sen (accent on the nosotros form.)

*No irregulars*

Tener- tuvieron, drop the –on = tuviera, tuvieras, tuviera, tuviéramos, tuvieran

OR drop the –ron = tuviese, tuvieses, tuviese, tuviésemos, tuviesen

10) Present Perfect (have, has done)Haber in the present tense +Past Participlehe hemoshas + -ado, -idoha han

Irregular past participles- Abrir (Abierto), Decir (Dicho), Descubrir (Descubierto), Escribir (Escrito), Hacer (Hecho), Morir (Muerto), Poner (Puesto), Romper (Roto), Ver (Visto), Volver (Vuelto), Freír (Frito).

11) Pluperfect (had done)Haber in the imperfect tense +Past Participlehabía habíamoshabías + -ado, -idohabía habían


12) Conditional Perfect (would have done)Haber in the conditional tense +Past Participlehabría habríamoshabrías + -ado, -idohabría habrían


13) Future Perfect (will have done)Haber in the future tense +Past Participlehabré habremoshabrás + -ado, -idohabrá habrán


14) Present Perfect Subjunctive (have, has, will have done)Haber in the present subjunctive tense +Past

Participlehaya hayamoshayas + -ado, -idohaya hayan


15) Pluperfect Subjunctive (had, would have done)Haber in the imperfect subjunctive tense +Past

Participlehubiera hubiéramoshubieras + -ado, -idohubiera hubieran


16) Sequence of Tenses and Si Clauses1) Decide if you need indicative (no doubt) or subjunctive

(doubt).2) If indicative, decide where you are in time (now,

yesterday, tomorrow, etc).3) If subjunctive: Present, future, or present perfect in

the independent clause gives you present subjunctive or present perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause. Preterite, Imperfect, Conditional, or Pluperfect in the independent clause give you imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause.

4) Si clauses- present with future, conditional with imperfect subjunctive, conditional perfect with pluperfect subjunctive.

Study hard!! Don’t forget about vocab and all other

grammar concepts that are not verb tenses.

verb review (sp3, sem 2) this year we have covered all the tenses in spanish! : 1) present 2)...

Documents