VERNMENT O F BRITISH COLUMBIA

MEMORANDUM

1 TO.. ......... A.,...!?., .... K0hU.t ..........................................

....... :..

FROM

...........

M. Zubel Geological Engineer Groundwater Se c t i on ..........................................................................

78 ........................................ ........ Februa~..-??12, ..................................... 19.. ........ GrOun..dwater..S.ect.iO~n II OUR FILE 0239014-B SUBJECT. .Wa te r . . su~~ l~ . . - l n - . t~h~e . . .~o .u t~ . . .~~ .~~ .~on ...................................

- Goat River Area

INTRODUCTION

YOUR FILE ..........................

In a memorandum dated November 30, 1977 ( f i l e no. W-13-77), Mr. J. D. C. Fu l l e r , Chief of t h e Engineering Division of t he Water Inves t iga t ions Branch, requested t h e Hydrology Division t o give them any information as t o t h e groundwater p o t e n t i a l i n t he South Creston - Goat River a rea . l i ned on the accompanying topographic map (Figure 1 ) .

The area of s tudy is out-

SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION

This i nves t iga t ion dea ls s o l e l y i n an o f f i c e s tudy of t h e ava i l ab le geologica l , s u r f i c i a l and s o i l s maps, previous r e p o r t s , d r i l l i n g logs and an examination of t he a e r i a l photographs of t he s tudy area. o f t h i s prel iminary s tudy .

The following r epor t is a r e s u l t

PREVIOUS GROUNDWATER INVEST1 GAT1 ONS

Early i n 1966, a proposal was made by E . Livingston, then Chief of t h e Ground- water Sect ion of the Water Inves t iga t ions Branch, t o i n v e s t i g a t e the ground- water p o s s i b i l i t i e s i n t h e Camp Lister area f o r domestic and an increas ing a g r i c u l t u r a l need. Several shallow dug wells had been completed u n t i l then, bu t t h e i r y i e lds were low t o n i l . Consequently, an explora tory d r i l l i n g pro- gram was i n i t i a t e d by t h e Groundwater Sect ion i n September, 1966 i n which f i v e t e s t holes pene t ra ted l acus t r ine clays and underlying g l a c i a l till containing minor amounts of sand and grave l . depths; fou r of which were loca ted on t h e east s i d e of t h e s tudy a rea wi th in a mile of t h e Moyie Range, and one i n t h e c e n t e r of t h e s tudy area, j u s t south of Lister. A copy of t h e d r i l l logs and location:, map (F igu re ' l ) of t h e t e s t holes are enclosed with t h i s r e p o r t . D r i l l i n g f a i l e d t o loca t e any s i g n i f i c a n t aqu i f e r s , even though minor sand and grave l zones were encountered i n some of t he t e s t holes . Nevertheless , t hese zones were never screened o r t e s t e d so t h a t t h e i r y i e l d s a re not known. t h e t e s t holes were apparent ly plugged and abandoned. r epor t s as t o any subsequent groundwater i nves t iga t ions i n t h e s tudy area.

The t e s t holes were d r i l l e d t o var ious

A t t h e end of t h e d r i l l i n g program, There are no ava i l ab le

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

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The s tudy are.a l i e s i n an inter-mountain v a l l e y drained by t h e Kootenay River and i ts t r i b u t a r i e s . The Kootenay River e n t e r s from t h e south and flows i n a

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February 2 2 , 1978

north-wester ly d i r e c t i o n i n t o Kootenay Lake. east by t h e Moyie Range of t h e Purce l l Mountains; on t h e south by t h e i n t e r - n a t i o n a l boundary; on the west by t h e Kootenay River and f loodpla in ; and on the nor th by Goat River which flows from t h e Purce l l Mountains and e n t e r s t he Kootenay system south of Creston. The s tudy area contains approximately 20 square miles o r n e a r l y 13,000 acres, and e l eva t ions range from approximately 1,900 feet t o about 2,400 feet above sea l e v e l . exce l l en t drainage pa ths f o r sur face runoff .

The v a l l e y is bounded on t h e

Numerous streams provide

BEDROCK GEOLOGY

The area fa l l s exc lus ive ly wi th in t h e Purce l l Trench south of Kootenay Lake. Elevat ions i n t h e area range between 1,900 feet t o 2,500 feet above sea l eve l . The Purce l l Trench i s under la in by i n t r u s i v e hornblende gabbro, t h i n t o th ick- bedded, greenish-grey q u a r t z i t e and interbedded m e t a r g i l l i t e of t h e Kitchener Formation (Daly, 1912). To t h e east of t h e Purce l l Trench, t h e Moyie Range is made up of massive t o thin-bedded, grey q u a r t z i t e and m e t a r g i l l i t e of t h e Creston Formation. According t o R. A. Daly (1912), t h e r e appears t o be a minor f a u l t between t h e Creston q u a r t z i t e and t h e i n t r u s i v e (Figure 2 ) .

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SURFICIAL GEOLOGY

An aer ial photograph s tudy and t h e s o i l survey o f t h e Creston area (Wittneben and Sprout , 1971) i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e s tudy area contains e s s e n t i a l l y fou r types of s u r f i c i a l depos i t s : g l ac io l acus t r ine , g l a c i a l t ill , g l a c i o f l u v i a l and f l u v i a l fan ma te r i a l s (Figure 3 ) .

The g l ac io l acus t r ine depos i t is varved and occupies most of t he area. depos i t cons i s t s of c l ay and s i l t and v a r i e s i n th ickness up t o a t least 160 feet (Test Hole 1 ) . Due t o t h e low permeabi l i ty of s i l t and c l ay , t h i s depos i t i s not a favourable groundwater supply p o s s i b i l i t y .

The g l a c i a l t ill depos i t under l ies t h e g l a c i o l a c u s t r i n e depos i t , and occurs on pro t ruding kno l l s i n s eve ra l a reas where the l a c u s t r i n e sediments had been completely eroded away o r n o t deposi ted. cons i s t s of unsorted c l ay , s i l t , sand, grave l and boulders . Due t o i t s he terogenei ty , t h i s depos i t i s not considered a s i g n i f i c a n t groundwater supply p o s s i b i l i t y , even though l imi ted water-bearing sand and grave l zones can be encountered l o c a l l y .

The only s i g n i f i c a n t g l a c i o f l u v i a l depos i t i n t h e area i s the l a rge outwash kame area east of Lister. r e f l e c t i n g t h e underlying loose, sandy and g rave l ly kame depos i t . Although t h i s depos i t i s n o t very ex tens ive o r t h i c k ( l e s s than 100 f e e t ) , it may contain the b e s t p o s s i b i l i t y f o r groundwater supply because of i t s medium t o high permeabi l i ty .

This

- The u n s t r a t i f i e d g l a c i a l d r i f t

4 The topography appears undulat ing and hummocky

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A. P e h u t

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February 2 2 , 1978

The small f l u v i a l fan on the N . E . sec t ion of the s tudy area, adjacent t o T.H.4, may contain a very l imi ted supply of groundwater. This deposi t con- sists of very permeable sands and grave ls , as wel l as cobbles and boulders a t t he apex of t h e fan .

GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL

There a re e s s e n t i a l l y two f a c t o r s i n consider ing p o t e n t i a l groundwater supp l i e s , namely :

1.) the loca t ion , thickness and ex ten t of permeable ma te r i a l s 2) t he source of recharge

The first f a c t o r w i l l de f ine the quant i ty o f groundwater ava i l ab le i n the a rea , while t h e second f a c t o r w i l l determine how long t h i s supply can las t .

1. L i s t e r Area

A s was previously mentioned, t h e outwash kame depos i t e a s t of Lister appears t o be one of t he bes t p o s s i b i l i t i e s of groundwater supply because of i t s permeable sands and gravels . The depos i t is approx- imately 2.5 miles long by 0.5 miles wide and of unknown thickness . (Fig. Test holes 2 and 3 near t h i s depos i t encountered bedrock at approx- imately 50 f e e t , so t h a t the thickness of t he kame deposi t is probably l e s s than 100 f e e t t h i ck . Several spr ings nea r t h i s deposi t were located on the a e r i a l photographs, suggest ing t h a t the water t a b l e i s near the sur face and t h a t the depos i t i s i n a recharge zone. The source of recharge f o r t h i s a rea is probably due t o r a i n f a l l i n f i l - t r a t i o n , and p a r t l y t o runoff from the s t e e p eas t e rn s lopes and g u l l i e s of the Moyie Rimge. no t known because the thickness o f t h e depos i t and the water- table l e v e l a r e not exac t ly known. necessary t o d r i l l a wel l i n t h e deposi t and pump t e s t it t o determine t h e y i e l d .

The sa tu ra t ed s to rage wi th in t h i s deposi t i s

To obta in t h i s information it w i l l be

2 . Goat River Area

According t o a Dayton and Knight Ltd. memorandum (dated Apri l 18, 1975) t o the Town of Creston regarding P r i m a r y Water Supply, a statement on page 3 of the memorandum s t a t e d t h a t t h e Goat River f loodpla in was the most probable source of groundwater i n the Creston a rea . dum a l s o s t a t e d t h a t a wel l of good q u a l i t y water had been d r i l l e d and developed t o y i e l d a l imi ted 150 gpm (Figure 1).

This memoran-

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February 2 2 , 1978

A second production well was d r i l l e d and t e s t e d i n October, 1976 which y i e lded 933 gpm with only 1.44 fee t of drawdown (Figure 1 ) . This is considered t o be a very good producing well. Well card d a t a from the Groundwater Sec t ion f i l es i n d i c a t e two o the r wells loca ted nea r t he above-mentioned production wells; one y i e ld ing 8-10 gpm and t h e o the r 225 gpm.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In order t o eva lua te the groundwater p o t e n t i a l i n t h e g l a c i o f l u v i a l depos i t east of Lister, it i s recommended t h a t a s i t e inves t iga t ion be made of t h e depos i t and the spr ings around it. taken i n T.H.2 and T.H.3. program cons i s t ing of one o r two e ight - inch diameter wells t o determine t h e th ickness of t h e depos i t and t h e s t a t i c water l eve l . be done t o determine t h e t r ansmiss iv i ty and an estimate of t h e y i e l d from wells i n t h i s p o t e n t i a l aqui fe r .

If poss ib l e , water l e v e l readings may be This could be followed by an explora tory d r i l l i n g

A pump t e s t should a l s o

The groundwater p o t e n t i a l i n t h e northern p a r t of t h e Goat River f loodpla in has been determined i n seve ra l p laces (Figure 4) . i n t h e southern p a r t of t h e Goat River, s eve ra l t e s t holes w i l l be needed west of Canyon and wi th in 1,000 feet of t he r i v e r .

However, t o eva lua te t h e p o t e n t i a l

M. Zubel Geological Engineer Groundwater Se c t ion

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Attach .

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February 2 2 , 1978

REFERENCES

Daly, R. A. Geology of t h e 49th Parallel . Geological Survey of Canada.

Dayton & Knight Ltd. ‘Town of Creston - Primary Water Supply’:

Memoir No. 38, 1912.

Memorandum, Apri l 18, 1975.

Dayton & Knight Ltd. “Town of Creston - Production Well # 2 , Pump Test and Log’: Drawing 65-29-1. October, 1976.

Livingston, E . ‘‘Notes on Quaternary Geology o f Creston-Wyndel-Camp Lister Area:‘

Livingston, E . “Notes on Quaternary Geology of Camp Lister Area:

January 19, 1966.

September,

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Sprout , P . N . S o i l Survey of t h e Creston Area. B.C. Depart-

/ ment of Agricul ture , 1971.

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