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TIDBITS® DRINKS

MILKby Janet Spencer

On May 14, 1853, a patent application for commercially condensed milk was received, having been sent by a pioneer in milk technology, a man whose first name was Gail. Come along with Tidbits as we drink milk!

CONDENSING MILK

• When a man named Gail was traveling by ship from England to America in the 1850s, cows were on board to provide milk for babies. The ship rocked so much that the cows could not produce milk, and several infants died. Gail knew there must be a way to preserve milk so it could be used on long voyages.

• He knew that the religious sect known as Shakers used vacuum pans to preserve fruits, so he moved to a Shaker community in New York to use their equipment. Adapting their methods, he perfected a way of preserving milk in a can, calling it condensed milk.

• He had a hard time marketing it because it was more expensive than fresh milk, and housewives thought real milk was better than canned milk. It didn’t catch on until the Civil War made it essential to get unspoiled food to soldiers. After the war, thousands of soldiers went home and introduced their wives to condensed milk. Gail’s company thrived and is still going strong today. The company is named after Gail’s last name. What was his last name?

Answer on next page.

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May 16-22, 2014 Issue #00173

Page 2 Cosita Publishing www.TidbitsVernon.ca For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

CROSSWORD Across

1 “The Matrix Reloaded” actress Pinkett Smith5 Site of many rolls15 Asian sea16 One of Sophocles’ Theban plays17 Brought up18 “Been there”19 Walked to the gangplank, say21 One in a rack, maybe22 Edible Andean tubers23 Cindy Bear’s boyfriend24 It may be thrown in26 Less enthused28 Strauss’ “__ Rosenkavalier”29 Toss up31 Duke Frederick’s daughter in “As You Like It”33 Bowl, e.g.35 At sea40 Nerdy41 1978 LPGA Tour Rookie of the Year42 Ristorante suffix43 N.C. State is in it46 Former Prussian province49 “Give me a break!”

52 Buck back?53 When Annie sings “Maybe”54 Skit site, for short55 Saturate57 Showmanship60 “__ girl!”61 Trooper relative62 Common subject in “The Far Side”63 Bit of bun flavoring64 Granny __

Down1 Short blows2 Decks out3 Dismantled Korean automaker4 Older brother of designers Vasco and Rodolfo5 Lock arrangement6 Cam button7 Recipe phrase8 Edged with shears, as cloth9 Elf10 Calendar abbr.11 Comparatively base12 Place for an allergy alert13 Not to mention14 They used to be

together20 Warm-colored gem24 Oakland paper, familiarly25 Degree hurdle27 Titular Wes Craven street30 Harmful32 2011 Huffington Post acquirer34 Fayetteville athlete35 SADD focus36 Never37 Noble pets of imperial China38 Admired speaker39 __ tree

44 Brother of Lucrezia Borgia45 Epic poem divisions47 Antiviral brand48 Couple’s address50 Pie not served for dessert51 Noddy Holder’s rock group53 Onassis et al.55 __ Center: former N.J. Nets home56 Word with Side or End58 Ornamental flower59 Series finale

CONDENSED MILK, con’t

Gail’s last name was Borden. Incidentally, Gail Borden was distantly related to Lizzie Borden of axe fame who supposedly murdered her parents.

FACT

8 ounces (.24 l.) of condensed milk has 982 calories; evaporated milk has 338; whole milk has 150; 2% has 121; 1% has 102; cultured buttermilk has 99; and skim milk has 86.

MILK SAFETY

• Germs responsible for transmitting tuberculosis, typhoid fever, cholera, and scarlet fever live in cow manure. When the cow kicks up the manure, the germs land on the teats. If they are not washed before milking, the germs go in the milk. In the 1890s scientists finally had the evidence they needed to prove that outbreaks of these diseases came from contaminated milk.

• Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization just at that time. In pasteurization, milk is heated briefly to kill organisms without damaging or changing the milk. In 1891 in New Jersey the first milk plant to install a pasteurizer was exhibited as a modern marvel. Dairymen opposed the new technology for many reasons. They claimed it was unhealthy to alter milk this way; that the extra expense involved would send the price of milk prohibitively high; and that unscrupulous dairymen would rely so much on the pasteurizer to clean their milk that they would let their cattle and barns become filthy. Children, they claimed, were better off drinking live bacteria in real milk than dead bacteria in altered milk.

• Teddy Roosevelt ordered the Public Health Service to do a study. They concluded that pasteurization did not alter milk in any way except to kill all deadly germs. The following year, Chicago became the first city to require all milk sold to be pasteurized.

• Opponents of pasteurization went to court, arguing that requiring pasteurization interfered with free trade. Chicago courts repealed the ordinance. In 1911, the American Medical Association came out in favor of pasteurization, and New York City ordered all milk pasteurized. Milk producers, arguing hardship, managed to get enough loopholes in the law that it was essentially still legal to sell raw milk. But in 1913 when an epidemic of typhoid hit New York due to

unsanitary milk, the loopholes were closed. Eventually all cities followed suit. Infant mortality dropped drastically. Today the milk we drink rarely sees either light or air between the time it leaves the cow and the time it enters your glass.

QUICK BITS

• In the 1930s each milk bottle had an average life span of 35 round trips between dairy and home.

• Before World War II, about 80% of milk was delivered directly to the door. Gas rationing hastened the end of that practice and people started buying their milk at the store.

• Homogenized milk is milk that has been treated to prevent the cream from rising to the top. The milk has been forced through a fine mesh which breaks up the globules of fat which remain suspended in the milk instead of rising. It has nothing to do with purity.

• Unfortified milk has only tiny traces of vitamin D. Vitamin D is found naturally in egg yolk and fish liver oil, but nowhere else.

• Iron is added to many foods, but it is not added to milk because iron-fortified milk turns coffee green.

• Sheep milk was popular in medieval England, and a sheep dairy was called a ‘wich.’ The name survives in many village names such as Greenwich, Norwich, and Sandwich.

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FAMOUS CANADIANS:

JAMES KRAFT• James Kraft was born on a dairy farm near

Stevensville, Ontario, Canada in 1874, the second of eleven children. He went to work in a local grocery store at the age of 18, and later moved to Buffalo, New York, where he invested in a cheese factory. The company sent him to Chicago to manage a branch of the firm. While he was there, he was ousted from the company. With only $65 to his name, James Kraft needed to do something to survive, but cheese was the only business he knew.

• At the time, selling cheese was a dicey business. Because there was no refrigeration, cheese melted in the summer heat and rotted quickly. Many merchants refused to carry cheese because the quality was iffy and the shelf life was short. In 1903, Kraft invested his $65 in a horse and wagon, and began buying cheese early in the morning and selling it to merchants before the heat of the day could spoil it. Profits were plowed back into his own dairy herd, and he spent his spare time experimenting with cheese, certain that there must be a way to pasteurize cheese the same way milk was pasteurized.

• The problem was that heating cheese caused it to separate into oils and solids, rendering it unpalatable. However, Kraft eventually discovered that if he shredded the cheese first,

and stirred it quickly while heating it, the growth of mold and bacteria would stop, and the resulting product was tasty and shelf-stable. It did not require refrigeration and could be shipped long distances.

• Competing cheese producers insisted that Kraft label his product as ‘embalmed cheese’ because the aging process had been stopped. Federal regulations later ruled that his product be labeled as ‘processed cheese.’

• The new venture was successful and by 1909, several of his brothers had joined the company. By 1911, when James became an American citizen, the new company was advertising on billboards and reaching out to retail grocers with direct mailing campaigns.

• The company opened its first cheese factory in Illinois in 1914, distributing 30 kinds of cheese. In 1915, Kraft sold $5000 worth of cheese. By 1916, sales had risen to $150,000. During World War I, Kraft supplied American forces with 6 million pounds of cheese, and soldiers were introduced to his product. By 1926, the Kraft Canadian organization was making 25 million five-pound boxes per year in British Columbia.

• Meantime, the company kept introducing new products: Velveeta in 1928, Miracle Whip in 1933, macaroni and cheese in 1937, Parkay margarine in 1940, sliced processed cheese in 1950, and Cheez Whiz in 1952. In 1933, Kraft started packaging cheese spreads in a container

that could be used as a drinking glass when emptied. Hand-painted and nicely designed, the glasses were called Swankyswigs. In the first year following their introduction, sales rose 601% and 94.3% of women who purchased the spreads reported that they were saving the glasses. Today Swankyswigs are collectible items. • “After we are gone,” he wrote, “There will be Kraft salesmen trekking the veldt of Africa, braving the snows

of Siberia and battling the superstitions of Mongolia -- all earnestly striving to increase sales, which by that time will be far in excess of a hundred million.” He wasn’t far from the truth, as Kraft is now the second largest food conglomerate on the planet, after Nestles.

• James Kraft died in 1953, by which time Canada had become the world’s biggest consumer of Kraft Macaroni & Cheese.

Page 4 Cosita Publishing www.TidbitsVernon.ca For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

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LACKING LACTASE

• Milk contains lactose sugar. In order to digest it, people have to produce an enzyme called lactase in their digestive tract. Babies produce this necessary enzyme naturally until they are about six. After that, their bodies continue to produce lactase only if they continue to eat milk products regularly.

• If a person goes for a long period without eating milk products, they lose the ability to digest milk and will suffer from stomach cramps, nausea, and diarrhea if they try to drink milk again. In many parts of the world where cattle were never domesticated, entire races of people lost the ability to digest milk and many cultures still believe that milk products are unclean and unhealthy. Today lactase is available in tablet form for people

who suffer a deficiency of it but still enjoy eating milk products.

COLIC CONNECTION

• 20% of infants suffer from a little understood disorder called colic. This causes sustained uncontrollable fits of crying in the baby. A recent study has turned up evidence that colic may be caused by intolerance to certain antibodies produced in the cow and passed to the baby through the milk. But some babies suffer from colic even when they are fed exclusively human milk. Researchers theorized that these cow antibodies are passed to the baby through mother’s milk. They asked mothers to stop eating milk products themselves, and in half of the cases, the colic cleared up in the child as a result.

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CHEESE• When cream is placed in a crock and

jiggled a lot, the result is butter. But one day in ancient times some person placed milk or cream in a sack made from the intestines or stomach of an animal. After being agitated, perhaps during a day’s ride, the result was not butter, but a primitive form of cheese. That was the first discovery that the enzymes and acids in the lining of an animal’s stomach will cause milk to coagulate.

• Known as rennet, these chemicals are essential in the manufacture of cheese. Rennet contains many enzymes which coagulate the milk, causing it to separate into solids (curds) and liquid (whey). This helps young mammals digest and assimilate their mother’s milk.

• Cheese is little more than artificially coagulated milk, with different types of bacteria and/or molds added. There are 18 different categories of cheese and well over 1,000 different varieties.

• The average American eats about 26 lbs. (12 kg) of cheese each year.

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Page 6 Cosita Publishing www.TidbitsVernon.ca For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

Q: Our 10-year old Australian Shepherd-mix has been treated for four years for seizures. She became overweight, largely due to all the medications: potas-sium bromide and phenobarbital for seizures, as well as thyroid medication and steroids for allergies. We slowly weaned her from the meds and she lost 20 pounds. She’s acting like a puppy again, except that her seizures have returned. Is there anything we can do to prevent the seizures, but still not have our dog gain weight or be reduced to a zombie state?

A: Veterinary neurologist Dr. Michael Podell, of Chi-cago, says the drugs you’re using to control seizures are first generation drugs, ripe with potential side ef-fects. Newer choices are not only more effective, but it’s also less likely your dog would experience adverse reactions. Levetiracetam and Zonisamide are among the newer drugs.Still, Podell can’t help but wonder about the role the steroids and/or thyroid medication may have played in your dog’s weight gain. No matter, though, since the other meds may be a better choice, so speak with your veterinarian. You could also seek out a veteri-nary neurologist through the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, www.acvim.org.

Q: I can’t get Mindy, our fat cat, to do a thing. She won’t even get off the sofa. Any suggestions?

A: Obesity is epidemic in pets. You don’t feel like play-ing if you’re not feeling well. The same is true for Min-dy. She may also be arthritic and/or another medical issue may be contributing to her lethargy. See your veterinarian. In general, cats become less active as they gain weight, and then they gain even more weight, which even makes them even less active. They more they gain, the more lackadaisical they become. Talk to your veterinarian about a special diet. And if you’re currently leaving food out all the time, scheduled feedings three or four times daily makes sense. Also, instead of leaving food in bowls, offer it food in vari-ous places so Mindy will have to move to “hunt” for the food, which I’m inclined to believe she’s motivated to do. Also, begin to get Mindy off that sofa using an in-teractive fishing pole-type toy or Cat Dancer. At first, she may only “paw” at the object (after all, she’s hardly an Olympic athlete), but the more you can get Mindy to move, the more she’ll continue to move in the right direction, gradually becoming more active.

Canadian Tid-bits▶ The word ‘lynx’ comes from a Greek word meaning ‘to shine’ referring to the animal’s eyes.

▶ 31% of Canada is covered by forests.

▶ St. John’s, NL, is the Canadian city that is closest to Europe.

▶ About 2.4 million caribou live in Canada.

▶ The maple leaf on the Canadian flag has 11 points, because that’s what looked right. In reality, most maple leaves have 32 points.

▶ Chris Farley was originally cast as the voice of Shrek. He had recorded about 90% of his lines when he died from a drug over-dose. The movie was re-written, and “Satur-day Night Live” co-star Mike Myers was cast in the role instead.

▶ A single Canada goose can produce 57 kg (125 lbs) of goose poop per year.

▶ Which province elected the first female provincial premier in 1993? PEI.

CHEESE FACTS & ANECDOTES• A mouse will not eat cheese if other

food is available. Mice have been known to eat glue, leather, plastic, paste, soap, bugs, leaves, roots, stems, and seeds— but they just don’t go for cheese.

• Canadian cheese makers wanted to have a very unique display at Chicago’s World’s Columbian Exposition in 1983. They created a cheese centerpiece that weighed 22,000 pounds (10,000 kg). The train that was hauling it to Chicago broke down under the strain several times on the way. When it was maneuvered into place at the Expo, it promptly crashed through the floor of the building.

CHEESE FACTS & ANECDOTES• President Andrew Jackson had just

a few days left in office when a dairy presented him with 1,400 lbs (635 kg) of cheese. What to do with it? Jackson decided to hold a party in the White House and invite the public at large to attend. On February 22, 1837, he threw open the doors of the White House and the public surged in. By nightfall, the only thing left of the cheese were stains left where bits of it had been ground into the rugs, furniture, and walls. When Martin van Buren moved into the White House ten days later, the place still smelled like cheese.

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Community Events

Do You Have A Local Event?submit the details online at

www.tidbitsvernon.ca

International Museum Day Open HouseFriday, May 16, 2014 from 10am to 3pm at Greater Vernon Museum & Archives, 3009 - 32nd Ave. Vernon, BC, Vernon. Come celebrate International Museum Day with us. This free community event will have something for everyone. Children can participate in traditional crafts and games. Adults, and children, can choose from a selection of scheduled activities including presentations on the newly restored Post Office clock tower, a demonstration of the linotype printing press, guided tours of the archives, or artifact cataloguing with the museum’s registrar. You can also meet with museum curator Ron Candy, participate in our “What Is It?” contest, speak with our historical partners on site and view our new “History of the Vernon Court Houses” display. Don’t forget to leave yourself some time to enjoy refreshments, have a peek in our gift shop and explore the museum on your own, as well. Please call the Museum at (250) 542-3142 or see www.vernonmuseum.ca For a detailed schedule of events and times.

Vernon Farmers Market Green Thumb Festival

Monday, May 19, 2014, from 8am to 1pm at Kal Tire Place, 3445 - 43rd Avenue, Vernon. Join us for The Victoria Day / Green Thumb Festival at The Vernon Farmers Market. Come for a day of everything Gardening. Take in some gardening advice from the Vernon Garden Club, pick up a tree seedling courtesy of PRT, Seed pack kits for the kids, Alpaca display, Bouncy Castle, Featuring entertainment by Turtle Mountain Allstars. Plus everything you LOVE about the Market! Fresh Fruits & Veggies, Artisanal treats, Delicious Baking, and more. Check us out on Facebook for the Contest Question…you could win Market Bucks. www.vernonfarmersmarket.ca

RCAF 899 Wing and the 223 Red Lion Air Cadets Hanger/Garage/BBQ Sale

Saturday May 24, 2014 from 9am to 1:30pm at Brigadier Murphy Armoury , 1811 29 Street Vernon. The 223 Red Lion Air Cadets are fundraising for a Citizenship Tour. Huge Hanger/Garage Sale including a hot dog concession. The Air Cadet Program runs from September to June for youth aged 12 – 19 years. This is a great opportunity to meet some Cadets and see where they host their weekly meetings at the historical Brigadier Murphy Armoury. For more information about the Air Cadet Program call (250) 309 - 9490 or follow us on Twitter@223RedLion

New & Used Fishing equipment. Lures, Gang Trolls, Plugs, Flashers, etc. Call for more info: (250) 832-2855 (S. Arm)

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Page 8 Cosita Publishing www.TidbitsVernon.ca For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

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