versailles summary
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TRANSCRIPT
Impact of the war on Germany by 1918
Germany was virtually bankrupt
• National income was about one-third of what
it had been in 1913
© Hodder Murray
• War left 600,000 widows and 2 million children without fathers – by 1925 the state was spending about one-third of its budget in war pensions
© Hodder Murray
• Industrial production was about two-
thirds of what it had been in 1913
The war had deepened divisions in German society
• There were huge gaps between the living standards
of the rich and the poor
• Many German workers were bitter at the restrictions placed on their earnings during the war while the factory owners made vast fortunes from the war
• During the war women were called up to work in the factories. Many people saw this as damaging to traditional family values and society as a whole
Germany had a revolution and became an unstable democratic
republic
• Stresses of war led to a revolution in October–November 1918
• Many ex-soldiers and civilians despised the new democratic leaders and came to believe that the heroic leader Field Marshal Hindenburg had been betrayed by weak politicians
How did the allies react to Germany after World War One?
Aims : To understand the reaction of the French, British and Americans to Germany after World War One.
• Paris Peace Conference
• Palace of Versailles
• Dominated by the three main victorious countries – France, Britain and USA.
• Named the Big Three
• Met to decide what should now happen in Europe and what should happen to Germany.
Woodrow WilsonGeorges Clemenceau David Lloyd George
What is the message of the cartoon?
What is the message of the cartoon?
What is the message of the cartoon?
• The peace treated was dominated by the three main allied powers of France, Britain and America who has done most of the fight against Germany.
• They were known as the Big Three.
Georges Clemenceau(Prime Minister of France)
David Lloyd George(Prime Minister of Britain)
Woodrow Wilson(President of the USA)
The Big 3.
France
• Clemenceau• Cripple Germany• Revenge• Divide into smaller states• Reduce military
Britain
• David Lloyd George• Moderate treaty• Reduce navy• Take colonies• Allow Germany to trade again• Concerned about threat of Communism in
Germany if punished too much
America
• Woodrow Wilson• Fair treaty• 14 Points• League of Nations• Self Determination• Cooperation for a lasting peace
Loss of Money
Reparations
Germany had to pay to the allies a total of
£6,600 million
Loss of Land
Alsace Lorraine Polish Corridor
Not allowed union with Austria
Demilitarised Rhineland
League of Nations
Germany could not join until it showed it
was a peaceful nation
Loss of Pride
War Guilt Clause 231
German people blamed for war
Loss of Military
Only 100,000 menNo conscription
6 Battle shipsNo submarines,
military aircraft or tanks
5 L’sTreaty of Versailles
What are the main differences after the treaty?
Land
• Rhineland demilitarised• Lost Alsace Lorraine • Lost land to make Polish corridor• Lost colonies e.g. Cameroon• Lost Sudetenland to make Czechoslovakia• No union with Austria• 10% of land lost
Money
• Reparations• 6600M• Take until 1980’s to pay• Germany already economically crushed after
the war
Military
• Only 6 battleships• No tanks• No Submarines• No aircraft• No conscription• Only 100,000 men
Pride
• Clause 231• Blamed specifically on German people
League of Nations
• Germany not allowed to join until showed it was a peaceful nation
• Joined in 1926• One of Wilson’s 14 points• Part of all the peace treaties
What did the Treaty do?
5 L’s
Loss ofMoney
Reparations
Loss ofPride
Clause 231
League of Nations
Loss of Land
Loss of Military
10 % of land 12.5 % of Population
Reparations were
crippling
No self determination for Germans in
Austria
No self determination for Germans in Czechoslovakia
Sole blame for the war
Other countries
did not disarm
100,000 men a tiny army
Saarland was
important to industry
Britain and France
expanding empires
Loss of pride
Vulnerable No tanks,
submarines or aircraft