vespa velutina icz 2008€¦ · bi doup, vietnam, june 2008 apis cerana has an efficient defensive...

A new enemy of honeybees in Europe: the invasive Asian hornet Vespa velutina

XXth International Congress of Zoology - Paris, 26-29 August 2008

* MNHN-Paris, France ** IRBI-Université de Tours, France ; *** LEGS/CNRS-Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Villemant C.*, Perrard A.*, Rome Q.*, Gargominy O. *, Haxaire J.*, Darrouzet E. ** & Rortais A. ***

European Hornet (Vespa crabro L.)♀ 35-40 mm long

Oriental Hornet (Vespa orientalis L.)♀ 25-35 mm long

Yellow Legged Hornet (Vespa velutina Lepeletier)♀ 25-30 mm long

3 Vespaspecies in

Europe

Vespa velutina in Europe - XXth International Congress of Zoology - Paris, 26-29 August 2008

First records of V. velutina nigrithorax in France(Lot-et-Garonne district)

Haxaire et al. 2006 Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 111 (2) : 194Villemant et al. 2006 Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr., 111 (4) : 535

Winter 20042 nests destroyed by a farmer:

introduction through horticulture trade (potteries imported from China?)

November 2005♂♂

♀♀

Nest

Queens

Bordeaux

Agen

November 2005 April 2006


V. velutinanigrithorax

Vespavelutina

Vespa crabro

Vespaorientalis

North IndiaChina, Korea, Indonesia

Before 2004?

Origin


Rortais et al. 2008. ALARM Atlas (in press)

A bee killer

In Asia, V. velutina attacks domestic and wild bee colonies

Bi Doup, Vietnam, June 2008

Apis cerana has an efficient defensive strategy

hornet

V. velutina variana


Villemant 2008. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr., (in press)

²

Life cycle in France

Founder queensFebruary-march : end of hibernation April : embryo nest

May : 1rst workersJuly20 cm


5cm

Autumn :sexual adults’ emergence

♂

♀

♂

November-December:

Death of the colony

Life cyclein France

1m

♀

♂


Bordeaux-Nord

90% on trees (550 recorded nests)

10% on buildings

Underground nesting is rare

Mature nests


Villemant, Gargominy & Rome (in prep.)


Hosting trees

Oaks: 25%

Acacias: 13%

Poplars: 19%

Conifers: 11%

90% on high treesPlum Pear Sour cherry

Laurel

Birch

517 nests

1% on bushes

1% on fruit trees


Nest structure

Largest nests :

- 8-11 combs- ~ 10-20,000 cells (estimation)- ~ 15-30,000 individuals?

20 cm

©IRBI Tours

• Number of sexual females produced?

• Duration of sexual emergence period?

lateralentrancehole


Villemant, Darrouzet et al. (in prep.)

©B.A. Rivière

18/07/2007

25/09/2007

Secondary nests

destroyed

29/09/2007

? Nest relocation

I

I

II

II

Ifallen

IIsecondary

Vespa velutina in Europe - XXth International Confgress of Zoology - Paris, 26-29 August 2008

high treefrequency?

I

hive

Paper wasps

Bees

Halictids

©M. Jacobs

Preys

Bumble bees


Flies

Vertebrate flesh....Spiders....

Perrard et al. 2008. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (accepted)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

06 VII 10 VII 16 VII 18 VII 23 VII 25 VII

Pel

let n

umbe

r

Flesh pellets Pulp pellets

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

06 VII 10 VII 16 VII 18 VII 23 VII 25 VII

VertebrateInsectaFliesWild beesHoney bees

Diet First data:One nestAgen city6-25 July 2007

88% of honey bees

Variability in relation - nest location ?- season ? - colony development ?

236 pellets

Perrard et al. 2008. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (accepted) Study in progress…

INPN

National Inventory ofNatural Patrimony

http://inpn.mnhn.fr/http://inpn.mnhn.fr/isn/recherche?espèce=Vespa velutina

Expansion 2004-2007 in France


Vespa velutina

1295 nests recorded in 552 districtsof 20 “départements”

Rortais et al. 2008. ALARM Atlas (in press)

Influence of hydrographic network


Comparison between:- the 552 districts where the hornet has been recorded- all the districts comprised in the polygon containing these 552 districts

From Mapinfo® principal hydrographic network

Calculation:

1) Dh: shortest distance from the district to the hydrographic network

2) for districts containing rivers (Dh=0), Sh%: the relative surface (versus district’s area) of the 100m buffered hydrographic network

non-parametric Wilcoxon test::

Is there a correlation between the hornet presence / absence and these non gaussianparameters?


Influence of hydrographic network


Wilcoxon test:

Strong correlation between - hornet presence- proximity and importance of the hydrographic network

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 0-2400 2400-5300 5300-9600 >9600

distance to the principal hydrographic network

% o

f com

mun

es

with V. velutinaof the polygon

Nesting preference ?or greater availability of high trees along rivers?

Dh


districts

% o

f dis

trict

s

Invasion potentialities in France


Graphical representation of ecological similarity betweennot yet invaded versusinvaded districts

see poster:Villemant et al. ICZ 2008

Districts whereV. velutina has been recorded

30 - < 4040 - < 5050 - < 6060 - < 7070 - < 8080 - < 9090 - < 100100%

% of similarity


Invasion potentialities in Europe


Maxent representation

the maximum entropy method used for modelling species distributions(Phillips et al., 2006)

see poster:Villemant et al. ICZ 2008

Predicted V. velutina potentialinvasion (warmer colorscorrespond to better predictions)

White dots : districts where V. velutina has been recordedVillemant, Gargominy & Rome (in prep.)


Research project

“Study of the biology and behavior of Vespa velutina and assessment of its impact on honeybees in order to define specific control strategies”

Contract EC-797 2007-2010European program for apiculture

Partners:

MNHN UMR5202 & INPN Population dynamics

CNRS UPR9034, LEGS Gif / Yvette Behavior, predation and defenseSee communication: Rortais et al, ICZ 2008

IRD-CNRS LEGS Gif / Yvette Population structure and origin (genetic study)

INRA UMR1065, Bordeaux Population control, trapping


Taste ! It’s delicious !!!

Thank you for your attention

vespa velutina icz 2008€¦ · bi doup, vietnam, june 2008 apis cerana has an efficient defensive...

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