veterinary education and the importance of the veterinary statutory bodies dr bernard vallat...
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Veterinary Education and the importanceVeterinary Education and the importanceof the Veterinary Statutory Bodies of the Veterinary Statutory Bodies
Dr Bernard VallatDr Bernard VallatDirector General of the OIEDirector General of the OIE
Introduction Introduction (1)(1)
This Conference addresses the need for better
global harmonisation of veterinary education
worldwide, based on OIE guidelines.
It also focuses on strengthening the role of
Veterinary Statutory Bodies (VSB) in regulating the
activities of veterinarians and veterinary para-
professionals and ensuring these activities are
ethical and of high quality.
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Introduction Introduction (2)(2)
The activities of Veterinary Services (VS),
both public and private components, are
recognised as a global public good. .
Quality veterinary education together with
effective VSBs are cornerstones of good
veterinary governance
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Introduction Introduction (3)(3)
There is an urgent need, particularly in the
developing world, to strengthen VS and VSB
competence in line with the international standards
of the OIE, especially those dealing with quality of
VS and good governance.
This Conference is a key part of the OIE strategy
to support Member countries who are taking steps
to strengthen veterinary governance.
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The global contextThe global context (1) (1)
Many countries do not have acceptable quality
veterinary education, and this problem is
worsened by inadequate regulation of the
veterinary profession by the VSB.
A recent OIE survey in Africa shows that only 36
of 52 countries have established formal VSBs
and in many cases the compliance of the VSB
with the OIE standards is not optimal.
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The global context The global context (2)(2)
Society has high expectations of the veterinary
profession, particularly with respect to veterinary
public health, animal welfare and food safety.
To help VS meet these expectations, Member
Countries mandated the OIE to take a global
leadership role in making recommendations on
veterinary education and governance, including
requirements for effective VSBs.6
The global context The global context (3)(3)
+1 billion people by 2050
Demand for animal protein is expected to increase by more than 50% before 2020
Intensification is unavoidable
Focus on developing / transition countries
Low impact to global consumption of the decrease of animal protein consumption in developed countries
706560551950 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 150
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8Billions
Total
Global Population: 1950-2015
Source: US Bureau of the Census
706560551950 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15706560551950 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 150
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8Billions
Total
Global Population: 1950-2015
Source: US Bureau of the Census
Global demand for food security
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Trends on world productionTrends on world production
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
World meat production (milion tonnes)Source: FAOSTAT
East Asia
Europe
NorthAmerica
Other
Central &South America
Million tonnes
Source: FAOSTAT
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
World milk production (million tonnes)Source: FAOSTAT
East Asia
W. Europe
N. America
Central & S. America
Other
South Asia
E. Europe
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
World eggs production (million tonnes)Source: FAOSTAT
East Asia
Europe
N. America
Central & S. America
Other
Million tonnes
Million tonnes
Meat Milk
Eggs
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The global context The global context (4)(4)
Pathogens can spread via people, animals and goods – they do not respect international frontiers
Zoonotic pathogens are increasingly implicated in serious human illness and new and re-emerging diseases - and have potential for use in bioterrorism.
The Five T´s : The Five T´s : trade, travel, transport tourism trade, travel, transport tourism and terrorism.and terrorism.
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The importance of the zoonotic potentialThe importance of the zoonotic potentialof animal pathogensof animal pathogens
• 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic;
• 75% of emerging diseases are zoonotic;
• 80% of agents with potential bioterrorist use are zoonotic pathogens;
• Veterinarians are on the front line to protect human health.
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a global public good
Reducing poverty
Market access
Protecting animal health
Animal welfare
Protecting public health
Animal production food safety
Food security
The Veterinary ServicesThe Veterinary Servicesin the front line in the front line
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The OIE vision – key conceptsThe OIE vision – key concepts To improve animal health and welfare globally, in
order to help guarantee veterinary public health, food safety and food security.
• Concept of Public Good• Concept of “One Health”• Good veterinary governance• Animal health strategies and
programmes at the global,regionaland national level
• Global control programmes: FMD, PPR, rabies in dogs
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The OIE vision – global standardsThe OIE vision – global standards
To improve animal health and welfare globally, in order to help guarantee veterinary public health, food safety and food security.
Reference organisation for the WTO with respect to science-based standards for, surveillance, disease control, the VS and international trade
Animal production food safety (in collaboration with the Codex Alimentarius Commission)
Prevention of biological disasters Animal welfare
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The OIE vision – excellence in the practiceThe OIE vision – excellence in the practiceof veterinary medicineof veterinary medicine
Veterinarians have an essential role in society; Good governance is essential for national
Veterinary Services (public and private sector) and Aquatic Animal Health Services;
OIE recommendations on the quality of veterinary education (initial and continuing);
Capacity building and support for OIE Members;
Public – private partnerships; Quality of the Veterinary Statutory Body.
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Initiatives for good governance and veterinary education are under the umbrella of the OIE PVS Pathway, established in 2006 to support Member Countries wishing to strengthen their national VS and to comply with OIE quality standards.
At the request of Members, the OIE carries out missions to evaluate the performance of VS, including veterinary education and VSB performance.
As at December 2013, more than 250 PVS Pathway missions had been carried out in 117 countries, most of which are developing countries.
The OIE PVS Pathway The OIE PVS Pathway
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Capacity building for Capacity building for VSVS
http://www.oie.int/en/support-to-oie-members/pvs-pathway/
« Diagnosis » « Prescription »
« Treatment »
The OIE collaborates with governments, donors and other stakeholders
including Veterinary Services’ Strategic Priorities
Capacity Building,
Specific Activities,
Projects and Programs
PVSGap Analysis
PVS Evaluation
PVS PathwayFollow-Up Missions
Veterinary Legislation
Public / PrivatePartnerships
VeterinaryEducation
Laboratories
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OIE Member
s
OIE PVSEvaluation
PVS Gap Analysis
Legislation PVS
Evaluation Follow-up
Requests Missions
doneRequests
Missions done
Requests Missions
doneRequests
Missions done
Africa 52 53 50 43 36 27 17 12 9
Americas 29 25 22 15 11 7 4 5 2
Asia & Pacific 32 19 18 15 11 5 5 3 2
Europe 53 16 16 8 6 3 2 1 1
Middle East 12 12 11 8 4 4 4 1 0
TOTAL
178 125 117 89 68 46 32 22 14
OIE PVS Pathway – State of playOIE PVS Pathway – State of play
5 November 2013
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GlobalGlobal conferencesconferences The 1st global Conference (Paris 2009) identified the need
to define minimum competencies that newly graduated veterinarians should have in order that Veterinary Services (public and private components) can meet their mandate in accordance with the OIE standards published in the Terrestrial and Aquatic Animal Health Codes
This does not exclude local circumstances
The OIE created an expert ad hoc Group on Veterinary Education, which produced recommendations on veterinary ´Day 1´ competencies: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Support_to_OIE_Members/Vet_Edu_AHG/DAY_1/DAYONE-B-ang-vC.pdf
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Global conferencesGlobal conferences The 2nd global Conference (Lyon 2011) highlighted
the importance of a minimum veterinary curriculum which would enable the attainment of the competencies; underlined the important role of the VSB, and encouraged the OIE to develop the concept of twinning for Veterinary Education Establishments.Guidelines on the Core Veterinary Curriculum are on the OIE website: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Support_to_OIE_Members/Vet_Edu_AHG/formation_initiale/Core-ENG-v6.pdf
The Twinning conceptThe Twinning concept
The OIE developed a programme for Veterinary Education Establishments (VEE) to enter into a Twinning arrangement with a parent institution.
The OIE helps Member countries to promote the funding of twinning projects by working with governments, donors and international organisations
The OIE continually promotes collaboration between VS, Veterinary Education establishment (VEE) and VSB
OIE OIE achievements achievements and veterinary and veterinary
statutory statutory bodiesbodies
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The Bamako DeclarationThe Bamako Declaration The OIE Regional Representation for Africa held a
conference on ‘The role of Veterinary Statutory Bodies’ in Mali in April 2011.
The conference recommended that the OIE augment its standards on VSBs and related critical competencies in the OIE PVS Tool, and called for the establishment of a twinning mechanism to provide for transfer of expertise and experience between VSBs in OIE Member Countries.
The Bamako Declaration: http://www.rr-frica.oie.int/docspdf/en/2011/VSB/Bamako_Declaration.pdf
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Standards on VSB in the CodeStandards on VSB in the Code (1)(1)
In Chapter 3.2 (Evaluation of Veterinary Services), Article 3.2.12 sets out standards for VSBs, including:
• objectives and functions;• legislative basis, autonomy and functional capacity;• the composition of the VSB and organisations
represented in it;• accountability and transparency of decision-making;• sources and management of funding;• administration of training and development programmes.
Effective mechanisms for coordination between the Veterinary Authority and the VSB should also be established in compliance with OIE standards
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Standards on VSB in the Code Standards on VSB in the Code (2) (2)
The policy and objectives of VSBs, including their power and functions, should be defined by law, notably with regard to:
• licensing / registration of veterinarians and veterinary para-professionals to perform veterinary activities;
• minimum standards of education (initial and continuing);• standards of professional conduct and competence;• procedures for investigating complaints and applying
disciplinary procedures.
VSBs should be independent of undue political and commercial interests, and
Where applicable, regional agreements for the recognition of veterinary qualifications should be implemented.
VSBs – the state of playVSBs – the state of play Many Member countries do not have a VSB that
complies with the standards in the Terrestrial Code, A recent OIE review in Africa shows that only 36/ 52
OIE Member countries have a VSB and the VSB does not, in most cases, comply with the OIE recommendations.
A similar situation applies in some other regions, notably in eastern Europe and parts of Asia and Latin America.
There is scope for establishing Twinning agreements between VSBs – for more information see the OIE guidelines: http://www.oie.int/VSB_Twinning_Guide.pdf
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Since the OIE was established, veterinary medicine has evolved:
Expectations for the conference Expectations for the conference (1)(1)
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Veterinary education and governance must evolve to satisfy the growing demands of society for protection against risks related to food safety and food security, animal diseases and zoonoses, while respecting reasonable expectations on animal welfare.
The conference should provide recommendations on the continuing management of this evolution, to help ensure the high quality competence and ethical behaviour of all veterinarians licensed to practice veterinary medicine worldwide.
Member countries should make a strong committment to support the OIE in the development of standards, and to implement the adopted standards, including through harmonisation of objectives of national veterinary legislation and veterinary curriculum with respect to the standards.
Expectations for the conference Expectations for the conference (2)(2)
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The Conference will provide:An analysis of Day 1 veterinary competencies and the basic core curriculum promoted by the OIE and how influence policy makers to consider them;
An analysis of the current situation with veterinary education and the performance of VSBs globally, including relevant issues pertaining to the national veterinary legislation;
Information on general principles and best practices on establishing a VSB;
Better international awareness of OIE standards and recommendations relevant to the quality and performance of public and private components of VS (including the legislative basis and organisational structure), veterinary education and VSB performance;
Greater awareness of veterinarians in the public and the private sector on their role and responsibilities under the legal framework of responsibilities given to the VSB;
Expectations for the conference Expectations for the conference (3)(3)
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Information on the experiences of OIE Members in the domain of veterinary education and VSB quality, including the challenges and priorities of developing countries;
A discussion amongst OIE Members on ways and means to improve governance using the OIE Twinning procedures for VEEs and VSBs and other elements of the OIE PVS framework (initial PVS evaluation, PVS gap analysis, PVS follow-up and veterinary legislation missions);
Identification of other tools and support that can be provided to national VS in developing countries, as appropriate to their needs;
An active discussion on future needs and priorities to strengthen veterinary education and VSB performances, within the framework of the PVS Pathway, including recommendations to the OIE on future activities and initiatives..
Expectations for the conference Expectations for the conference (4)(4)
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The quality of initial and continuing veterinary education and effective regulation by VSBs, are pillars of good governance for the national Veterinary Services.
The OIE has the global mandate to support the improvement of veterinary education to guarantee effective public and private sector components of national Veterinary Services.
The OIE objective, in this context, is to help ensure that veterinarians (both public and private sector) have the competence to apply the OIE standards for animal health and welfare.
Conclusions Conclusions (1)(1)
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The OIE objective is also to help guarantee the excellence of the veterinary profession globally, so that societal expectations are fulfilled and the profession enjoys high standing and respect from the public and from governments.
In light of the ´Global Good´ nature of Veterinary Services and national animal health programmes, governments and donors should prioritise needed investments in laws, infrastructure and education to achieve a sustainable strengthening of the public and private sector components of national Veterinary Services.
The OIE advocates these actions on behalf of VS.
Conclusions Conclusions (2)(2)
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The quality of Veterinary Education Establishments (VEE) needs to be improved throughout the world.
A global federation of existing regional associations of VEE and accrediting bodies could help to facilitate the application of the OIE guidelines on veterinary education.
Conclusions Conclusions (3)(3)
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This event is historical and for that we commend our collegues from Brazil. I encourage you all to participate actively and contribute your views during the next two and a half days here in Foz do Iguazu.
The recommendations of the Conference will guide the OIE as it develops new initiatives and programmes to support countries wishing to strengthen their compliance with the OIE standards and wishing a more efficient and respected veterinary profession.
Your ongoing support for the OIE and active involvement with our activities are vital to achieve these important goals.
Conclusions Conclusions (4)(4)
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Organisation mondialede la santé animale
World Organisationfor Animal Health
Organización Mundialde Sanidad Animal
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
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