Veterinary Officials & their Veterinary Officials & their role in equestrian sportrole in equestrian sport

Veterinary Officials & their Veterinary Officials & their role in equestrian sportrole in equestrian sport

Professor Leo JeffcottProfessor Leo JeffcottUniversity of SydneyUniversity of Sydney

FEI and its role in equestrian sportFEI and its role in equestrian sport role of Vet Committee & Medication role of Vet Committee & Medication

Advisory GroupAdvisory Group range of Vets at FEI Eventsrange of Vets at FEI Events role of Event Vetsrole of Event Vets conflicts of interestconflicts of interest how to become an FEI Event Vethow to become an FEI Event Vet

““Do’sDo’s” and “” and “Don’tsDon’ts” for official vets” for official vets

Plan for the talkPlan for the talkPlan for the talkPlan for the talk

FEI Purpose & PrinciplesFEI Purpose & PrinciplesFEI Purpose & PrinciplesFEI Purpose & Principles

to be the sole responsibility for all to be the sole responsibility for all international events in the international events in the disciplines ofdisciplines of Dressage, Jumping, Dressage, Jumping, Eventing, Driving, Endurance, Eventing, Driving, Endurance, Vaulting, Reining & Para-Vaulting, Reining & Para-equestrianequestrian

that the organisation be based on that the organisation be based on principles of equality & mutual principles of equality & mutual respect between all participating respect between all participating National Federations (NFs)National Federations (NFs)

FEI Code of conductFEI Code of conductFEI Code of conductFEI Code of conduct

The Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) requires The Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) requires all those involved in international equestrian sport to all those involved in international equestrian sport to adhere to the FEI’s Code of Conduct and to adhere to the FEI’s Code of Conduct and to acknowledge and accept that at all times the welfare of acknowledge and accept that at all times the welfare of the horse must be paramount and must never be the horse must be paramount and must never be subordinated to competitive or commercial influences.subordinated to competitive or commercial influences.

1.1. At all stages during the preparation and training of At all stages during the preparation and training of competition horses, welfare must take precedence competition horses, welfare must take precedence over all other demands. This includes good horse over all other demands. This includes good horse management, training methods, farriery and tack, and management, training methods, farriery and tack, and transportation.transportation.

2.2. Horses and competitors must be fit, competent and in Horses and competitors must be fit, competent and in good health before they are allowed to compete. This good health before they are allowed to compete. This encompasses medication use, surgical procedures encompasses medication use, surgical procedures that threaten welfare or safety, pregnancy in mares that threaten welfare or safety, pregnancy in mares and the misuse of aids.and the misuse of aids.

FEI Code of conduct FEI Code of conduct (cont)(cont)FEI Code of conduct FEI Code of conduct (cont)(cont)

3.3. Events must not prejudice horse welfare. This Events must not prejudice horse welfare. This involves paying careful attention to the involves paying careful attention to the competition areas, ground surfaces, weather competition areas, ground surfaces, weather conditions, stabling, site safety and fitness of conditions, stabling, site safety and fitness of the horse for onward travel after the event.the horse for onward travel after the event.

4.4. Every effort must be made to ensure that Every effort must be made to ensure that horses receive proper attention after they have horses receive proper attention after they have competed and that they are treated humanely competed and that they are treated humanely when their competition careers are over. This when their competition careers are over. This covers proper veterinary care, competition covers proper veterinary care, competition injuries, euthanasia and retirement.injuries, euthanasia and retirement.

5.5. The FEI urges all involved with the sport to The FEI urges all involved with the sport to attain the highest levels of education in their attain the highest levels of education in their areas of expertise.areas of expertise.

No

of

NF

sN

o o

f N

Fs

Growth of FEI 1921 - 2005Growth of FEI 1921 - 2005Growth of FEI 1921 - 2005Growth of FEI 1921 - 2005

0

50

100

150

1921 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005

Sec. Gen.Sec. Gen.Sec. Gen.Sec. Gen.

FEI PresidentFEI PresidentFEI PresidentFEI President

BureauBureauBureauBureau

Committee Committee StructureStructure

Committee Committee StructureStructure

General AssemblyGeneral AssemblyGeneral AssemblyGeneral Assembly

ExecutiveExecutiveBoardBoard

ExecutiveExecutiveBoardBoard

SecretariatSecretariatSecretariatSecretariat

FEI OrganisationFEI OrganisationFEI OrganisationFEI Organisation

FEI Committees Administrator

Eventing Catrin Norinder

Jumping John Roche

Dressage, Vaulting, Reining & Ponies

Eva Salomon

Endurance, Driving & Para-equestrian

Ian Williams

Veterinary Frits Sluyter

Discipline CommitteesDiscipline CommitteesDiscipline CommitteesDiscipline Committees

FEI BureauFEI BureauFEI BureauFEI Bureau

President:President: Princess Haya of JordanPrincess Haya of Jordan1st Vice Pres:1st Vice Pres: S.Holmberg (SWE)S.Holmberg (SWE)2nd Vice Pres:2nd Vice Pres: C.Hodson (NZL)C.Hodson (NZL)Sec General:Sec General: M.Stone (IRE)M.Stone (IRE)Treasurer:Treasurer: G.Sarmento(BRA)G.Sarmento(BRA)

MembersMembersMembersMembers

Group Chairman:-Group Chairman:- C.Croce C.Croce (ITA);(ITA); H.Haring H.Haring (GER);(GER); A.Machkevitch A.Machkevitch (KAZ);(KAZ); K.Jackson K.Jackson (USA);(USA); P.Mayorga P.Mayorga (ARG);(ARG); D.Ramos Baez D.Ramos Baez (DOM);(DOM); Khalid Khalid (UAE);(UAE); D.K.Ahn D.K.Ahn (KOR);(KOR); E.Holtz E.Holtz (RSA)(RSA)

Technical Chairman:-Technical Chairman:- M.Withages (BEL); S.Holmberg (SWE); M.Withages (BEL); S.Holmberg (SWE); R.Nicoll (USA); W.Roycroft (AUS); H.Sommerseth (NOR); R.Nicoll (USA); W.Roycroft (AUS); H.Sommerseth (NOR);

J.McEwen (GBR) J.McEwen (GBR)Standing Cttee Chairman:-Standing Cttee Chairman:- S.Brooks-Ward S.Brooks-Ward (GBR);(GBR); K.Lalo K.Lalo (ISR)(ISR)

OfficersOfficersOfficersOfficers

FEI President ‘06FEI President ‘06

Vet Committee founded 1966:-Vet Committee founded 1966:-1966-901966-90 Chairman Chairman Prof Igor Bobylev Prof Igor Bobylev (RUS)(RUS)

1990-981990-98 Chairman Dr Peter Cronau Chairman Dr Peter Cronau (GER)(GER)

1998-061998-06 Chairman Prof Leo Jeffcott Chairman Prof Leo Jeffcott (GBR)(GBR)

2006-2006- ChairmanChairman Mr John McEwen Mr John McEwen (GBR)(GBR)

Vet Dept founded 1982:-Vet Dept founded 1982:-1982-19951982-1995 HeadHead Dr Alex Atock (IRL) Dr Alex Atock (IRL)1995-1995- HeadHead Dr Frits Slutyer (NED) Dr Frits Slutyer (NED)

FEI Veterinary mattersFEI Veterinary matters FEI Veterinary mattersFEI Veterinary matters

FEI Veterinary DepartmentFEI Veterinary DepartmentFEI Veterinary DepartmentFEI Veterinary Department

Head & Manager:-Head & Manager:-Dr. Frits Sluyter (NED)Dr. Frits Sluyter (NED)

Veterinary Assistants :-Veterinary Assistants :-Miss A.Kaltenreider : Miss A.Kaltenreider : all vet mattersall vet matters

MsMs D.Rochat D.Rochat : : MCP / Vet ReportsMCP / Vet Reports

Miss G.Braillard: Miss G.Braillard: PassportsPassports

Offices:-Offices:-FEI, Ave. Mon-Repos 24, PO Box 157, 1005 FEI, Ave. Mon-Repos 24, PO Box 157, 1005

LausanneLausanne

Frits SluyterFrits Sluyter

organises vets for events organises vets for events (~350/year)(~350/year)

manages MCP programme (~2000 samples manages MCP programme (~2000 samples per year)per year)

administration of FEI passports (~7500/yr)administration of FEI passports (~7500/yr) liaises on international disease problemsliaises on international disease problems organises updating of Vet Regs every 4 yrsorganises updating of Vet Regs every 4 yrs runs Vet Committee, MAG & MCP meetingsruns Vet Committee, MAG & MCP meetings liaises with Contact Vets, NFs, other FEI liaises with Contact Vets, NFs, other FEI

depts, Bureau, GA + EU, OIE & Racing depts, Bureau, GA + EU, OIE & Racing AuthoritiesAuthorities

Duties of Vet DeptDuties of Vet DeptDuties of Vet DeptDuties of Vet Dept

FEI Veterinary StructureFEI Veterinary StructureFEI Veterinary StructureFEI Veterinary Structure

Veterinary CtteeVeterinary Cttee(Chairman + 5 members)(Chairman + 5 members)

Veterinary CtteeVeterinary Cttee(Chairman + 5 members)(Chairman + 5 members)

Welfare Welfare SubcommitteeSubcommittee

(Chairman + 7 members(Chairman + 7 members))

Welfare Welfare SubcommitteeSubcommittee

(Chairman + 7 members(Chairman + 7 members))

Vet DeptVet Dept(HQ in Lausanne)(HQ in Lausanne)

Vet DeptVet Dept(HQ in Lausanne)(HQ in Lausanne)

Medication Advisory Medication Advisory GroupGroup

(Chairman + 6 members)(Chairman + 6 members)

Medication Advisory Medication Advisory GroupGroup

(Chairman + 6 members)(Chairman + 6 members)

Medication Advisory GroupMedication Advisory Group Medication Advisory GroupMedication Advisory Group

Chairman: Dr Andrew Higgins Chairman: Dr Andrew Higgins (GBR)(GBR)

Members:Members: Dr Terry Wan Dr Terry Wan (HKG)(HKG)

Dr Kent Allen Dr Kent Allen (USA)(USA)

Dr Yves Bonnaire Dr Yves Bonnaire (FRA)(FRA)

Dr Michael Duee Dr Michael Duee (GER)(GER)

Dr Bjorn Nolting Dr Bjorn Nolting (GER)(GER)

Mr Jean Maurice Bonneau Mr Jean Maurice Bonneau (FRA)(FRA)

Ex officio: Dr Frits Sluyter Ex officio: Dr Frits Sluyter (NED)(NED)

Meet:Meet: Twice a year + meetings Twice a year + meetings with Judicial & Vet Committees with Judicial & Vet Committees as necessary as necessary

Chairman:Chairman: Mr John McEwen Mr John McEwen (GBR)(GBR)

Secretary:Secretary: Dr F Sluyter Dr F Sluyter (NED)(NED) - - Head, Vet Dept FEIHead, Vet Dept FEI

Members:Members: Dr Nigel Nichols Dr Nigel Nichols (AUS)(AUS)

Mr Paul FarringtonMr Paul Farrington (GBR) (GBR)

Dr Sergio Salinas Dr Sergio Salinas (MEX)(MEX)

Prof Jack SnyderProf Jack Snyder (USA) (USA)

Dr Emile Welling Dr Emile Welling (NED)(NED)

Co-opted:Co-opted: Dr A Higgins Dr A Higgins (GBR) - (GBR) - Chairman MAG & Chairman MAG & WSCWSC

Invited:Invited: Ms A.Kaltenrieder - Ms A.Kaltenrieder - Asst Vet Dept FEIAsst Vet Dept FEI

Ms D Indermuele - Ms D Indermuele - Asst Vet Dept FEIAsst Vet Dept FEI

FEI Veterinary Committee 2006FEI Veterinary Committee 2006FEI Veterinary Committee 2006FEI Veterinary Committee 2006

reviews & update Vet Regulationsreviews & update Vet Regulations

establishes policy for medication & its establishes policy for medication & its control with the assistance of the MSCcontrol with the assistance of the MSC

organises training for FEI vets world wideorganises training for FEI vets world wide

promotes veterinary promotes veterinary research & welfareresearch & welfare

reviews Event Vet list reviews Event Vet list & encourages new& encourages newrecruitmentrecruitment

Role of FEI Vet CommitteeRole of FEI Vet CommitteeRole of FEI Vet CommitteeRole of FEI Vet Committee

Vet Committee in Jerez ‘02Vet Committee in Jerez ‘02

list of official Event Vets maintained by list of official Event Vets maintained by FEI FEI (but nominated by NF)(but nominated by NF)

from this list vets can be chosen for:-from this list vets can be chosen for:- Veterinary Delegate/Associate DelegateVeterinary Delegate/Associate Delegate President of the Veterinary CommissionPresident of the Veterinary Commission Foreign Veterinary DelegateForeign Veterinary Delegate

Vet Delegate vs Vet CommissionVet Delegate vs Vet Commission Vet Commission for CIOs, Cup Finals, Vet Commission for CIOs, Cup Finals,

Championships & GamesChampionships & Games Vet Delegate for all other FEI competitionsVet Delegate for all other FEI competitions

FEI Event VeterinariansFEI Event VeterinariansFEI Event VeterinariansFEI Event Veterinarians

Provides information on:Provides information on: FEI Secretariat/Bureau/Exec FEI Secretariat/Bureau/Exec

BoardBoard Standing Committees (including Standing Committees (including

Vet Committee)Vet Committee) Media Advisory CommitteeMedia Advisory Committee National Federation addressesNational Federation addresses Regional Groups of NFsRegional Groups of NFs Useful contactsUseful contacts

FEI DirectoryFEI DirectoryFEI DirectoryFEI Directory

FEI Directory is FEI Directory is published every published every

two yearstwo years

Veterinary DelegateVeterinary Delegate

Associate Veterinary Del.Associate Veterinary Del.

Veterinary Commission:-Veterinary Commission:-

President President (NF appointed)(NF appointed)

Associate Member Associate Member (NF appointed)(NF appointed)

Foreign Veterinary Delegate Foreign Veterinary Delegate (FEI appointed)(FEI appointed)

Official Vets from FEI lists:-Official Vets from FEI lists:-Official Vets from FEI lists:-Official Vets from FEI lists:-

Veterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI events

Testing Veterinarian Testing Veterinarian for Medication for Medication ControlControl

MCP in Gps I & II is MCP in Gps I & II is the FEI appointed the FEI appointed vet officialvet official

TVs meet once a TVs meet once a year to debrief with year to debrief with the MAG and Vet the MAG and Vet CommitteeCommittee

Official Vets from FEI lists:-Official Vets from FEI lists:-Official Vets from FEI lists:-Official Vets from FEI lists:-

Veterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI events

TV at work at the OlympicsTV at work at the Olympics

TVs at dinner after debriefingTVs at dinner after debriefing

Team Vets (appointed by NF)Team Vets (appointed by NF) Individual Competitor’s PrivateIndividual Competitor’s Private

Vet (accredited by OC) Vet (accredited by OC) Treating Vets (appointed by OC)Treating Vets (appointed by OC) Examining Vet for the Holding BoxExamining Vet for the Holding Box Quarantine/ Dept of Agriculture VetsQuarantine/ Dept of Agriculture Vets Vets appointed by the National Board of Vets appointed by the National Board of

AgricultureAgriculture Vet Coordinator or Vet Services Manager Vet Coordinator or Vet Services Manager

at Olympics & WEGat Olympics & WEG

Other Vets with official duties:-Other Vets with official duties:-Other Vets with official duties:-Other Vets with official duties:-

Veterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI eventsVeterinarians at FEI events

Oz National Team VetOz National Team Vet

Examining VeterinarianExamining VeterinarianExamining VeterinarianExamining Veterinarian

should be experienced ‘orthopaedic’ vetshould be experienced ‘orthopaedic’ vet

examines the horse in the Holding Box, in examines the horse in the Holding Box, in consultation with the Team Vet or ICPV.consultation with the Team Vet or ICPV.

reports the findings of the examination to reports the findings of the examination to the Inspection Committeethe Inspection Committee

should not discuss the specific findings should not discuss the specific findings with PR,but can give opinion that the with PR,but can give opinion that the horse is unfit to compete & could be horse is unfit to compete & could be withdrawnwithdrawn

Vet Regs 1011 para 3.4Vet Regs 1011 para 3.4Vet Regs 1011 para 3.4Vet Regs 1011 para 3.4

Olympics - 1 Commission for 3 disciplines:-Olympics - 1 Commission for 3 disciplines:- President (usually a national of host NF)President (usually a national of host NF) Foreign Vet Del (sometimes 2 appointed - 1 Foreign Vet Del (sometimes 2 appointed - 1

for for 3DE & 1 for Dressage/Jumping)3DE & 1 for Dressage/Jumping) Associate (usually 2 nationals - 1 for 3DE & 1 Associate (usually 2 nationals - 1 for 3DE & 1

for Dressage/Jumping)for Dressage/Jumping)

WEG - 3 Commissions for 7 disciplines:-WEG - 3 Commissions for 7 disciplines:- Eventing, Driving & ReiningEventing, Driving & Reining Dressage, Jumping & VaultingDressage, Jumping & Vaulting EnduranceEndurance

Vet Commission at Olympics & WEGVet Commission at Olympics & WEGVet Commission at Olympics & WEGVet Commission at Olympics & WEG

a Team or Private Vet may a Team or Private Vet may notnot act as a Vet Del, member of act as a Vet Del, member of Veterinary Commission or Veterinary Commission or compete at an event.compete at an event.

Vet Del or member of Veterinary Vet Del or member of Veterinary Commission may Commission may notnot act as a act as a Team Vet, Treating or compete at Team Vet, Treating or compete at an event.an event.

Gen Regs Article 162, paras 6 & 7:-Gen Regs Article 162, paras 6 & 7:-Gen Regs Article 162, paras 6 & 7:-Gen Regs Article 162, paras 6 & 7:-

Conflict of InterestConflict of InterestConflict of InterestConflict of Interest

being asked to act as a Treating Vet being asked to act as a Treating Vet (e.g.CICs; Shows with National & FEI (e.g.CICs; Shows with National & FEI classes)classes)

having to make decisions on clients’ having to make decisions on clients’ horses or having prior knowledge of a horses or having prior knowledge of a particular horseparticular horse

acting as an advisor or consultant for a acting as an advisor or consultant for a team or National Federation duringteam or National Federation during an event an event

Situations for official vets to avoid :-Situations for official vets to avoid :-Situations for official vets to avoid :-Situations for official vets to avoid :-

Conflict of interest - problemsConflict of interest - problemsConflict of interest - problemsConflict of interest - problems

Specific duties:-Specific duties:- OC, FEI, GJ, Appeal Cttee, PR, OC, FEI, GJ, Appeal Cttee, PR, Team Vet, Chef d’EquipeTeam Vet, Chef d’Equipe

Advice:-Advice:-horse welfare during competition and FEI horse welfare during competition and FEI StewardsStewards

Surveillance:-Surveillance:-Veterinary RegulationsVeterinary Regulations

Enforcement:-Enforcement:-vet exams/inspections, passports, vet exams/inspections, passports, emergency response & treatmentemergency response & treatment

Role of Event VeterinariansRole of Event VeterinariansRole of Event VeterinariansRole of Event Veterinarians

nominated by NF and approved by FEInominated by NF and approved by FEI

different NFs have different different NFs have different qualifying rules and numbersqualifying rules and numbers

need to be experienced in 1 need to be experienced in 1 or more FEI disciplinesor more FEI disciplines

must be able to speak at least must be able to speak at least one of the 2 official FEI languagesone of the 2 official FEI languages

Event VeterinariansEvent VeterinariansEvent VeterinariansEvent Veterinarians

FEI Event Vet at work!!FEI Event Vet at work!!FEI Event Vet at work!!FEI Event Vet at work!!

Apply to your National Federation (NF)Apply to your National Federation (NF) conditions vary with NFs:-conditions vary with NFs:-

in Europe work with Vet. Delegate at CI or CAin Europe work with Vet. Delegate at CI or CAoutside Europe work with Vet. Del. at 3 CNsoutside Europe work with Vet. Del. at 3 CNs

pass this course (or contribute to my pass this course (or contribute to my personal charity!)personal charity!)

learn all the FEI acronyms!! (e.g. NF, TV, ICPV, learn all the FEI acronyms!! (e.g. NF, TV, ICPV, PR, MCP, CV, GJ etc.....) PR, MCP, CV, GJ etc.....)

If NF approves your nomination for 1+ If NF approves your nomination for 1+ disciplines disciplines Vet Dept at FEI Vet Dept at FEI

Vet Cttee approves it Vet Cttee approves it your name is added your name is added to next edition of the FEI list of event vetsto next edition of the FEI list of event vets

How to become an FEI VetHow to become an FEI VetHow to become an FEI VetHow to become an FEI Vet

Eye Test for FEI Event VetsEye Test for FEI Event VetsEye Test for FEI Event VetsEye Test for FEI Event Vets

Controversial issuesControversial issuesControversial issuesControversial issues

how to get your NF to nominate you to get how to get your NF to nominate you to get on the list of FEI Event Vet?on the list of FEI Event Vet?

how many Event Vets should be listed by how many Event Vets should be listed by an NFan NF

how long should an Event Vet stay on the how long should an Event Vet stay on the list?list?

should there be payment for FEI Vets (cf. should there be payment for FEI Vets (cf. MCP TVs)?MCP TVs)?

why can’t there be standard guidelines for why can’t there be standard guidelines for all Horse Inspections?all Horse Inspections?

why shouldn’t Inspections be carried out why shouldn’t Inspections be carried out by vets alone?by vets alone?

No. of Event Vets/NFNo. of Event Vets/NFNo. of Event Vets/NFNo. of Event Vets/NF

National FederationNational Federation

No

. Ev

en

t V

ets

Lis

ted

No

. Ev

en

t V

ets

Lis

ted

Contact VeterinariansContact VeterinariansContact VeterinariansContact Veterinarians

one CV for each NF appointedone CV for each NF appointedby NF in consultation withby NF in consultation withNational Vet. AuthorityNational Vet. Authority

objective of CV objective of CV to assist the to assist the communication between FEIcommunication between FEI& Event Vets& Event Vets

CV must be:CV must be: experienced equine vet; familiar with equestrian experienced equine vet; familiar with equestrian

sports; keep up with all matters relating to health sports; keep up with all matters relating to health and import/export.and import/export.

FEI must provide CVs with all FEI FEI must provide CVs with all FEI documentationdocumentation

Julian WillmoreJulian Willmore

be involved with OC in plans for eventbe involved with OC in plans for eventavoid any possible conflict of interestavoid any possible conflict of interestcarry copy of Vet Regs at all timescarry copy of Vet Regs at all timesmeet with GJ and Appeal Ctteemeet with GJ and Appeal Ctteemeet all Team Vets and ICPVsmeet all Team Vets and ICPVsregularly walk through stable arearegularly walk through stable areacheck arrangements for Horse Inspectionscheck arrangements for Horse Inspectionswalk the course before the eventwalk the course before the eventensure you have proper accreditationensure you have proper accreditation

““Do’s” for Vet DelegatesDo’s” for Vet Delegates““Do’s” for Vet DelegatesDo’s” for Vet Delegates

eliminate a horse on vet grounds without eliminate a horse on vet grounds without proper consultation with Ground Juryproper consultation with Ground Jury

at inspections palpate horses without at inspections palpate horses without Ground Jury permissionGround Jury permission

give permission for medication without a give permission for medication without a Medication Authorisation FormMedication Authorisation Form

permit the use of a prohibited substance permit the use of a prohibited substance without a very good reasonwithout a very good reason

inform a PR or Chef that a horse is inform a PR or Chef that a horse is required for doping control unless it has required for doping control unless it has finished competingfinished competing

leave before the end of the competitionleave before the end of the competition

““Dont’s” for Vet DelegatesDont’s” for Vet Delegates““Dont’s” for Vet DelegatesDont’s” for Vet Delegates

ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions

the responsibilities of Vet. Delegates/Vet. the responsibilities of Vet. Delegates/Vet. Commission are considerable.Commission are considerable.

in addition to experience and current in addition to experience and current knowledge of the sport, Vet. Regs. etc, knowledge of the sport, Vet. Regs. etc, the Vet. has a role as ambassador for the the Vet. has a role as ambassador for the professionprofession

the profile of the Vet. has been raised the profile of the Vet. has been raised considerably in recent years (e.g. Atlanta) considerably in recent years (e.g. Atlanta) the Vet. is being called in to assist in the Vet. is being called in to assist in preventing a potential crisis rather than preventing a potential crisis rather than coping once one has occurred.coping once one has occurred.

To be continued !!To be continued !!