vetivervetiver in thailand: in thailandsurat thani songkhla 3 vetiver in thailand suitability of...

Vetiver in Thailand:General aspects

andbasic studies


andbasic studies

Nualchavee RoongtanakiatNualchavee Roongtanakiat

Vetiver in Thailand:Vetiver in Thailand:

NualchaveeNualchavee RoongtanakiatRoongtanakiat

General aspects and basic studiesGeneral aspects and basic studies


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Natural resources in ThailandNatural resources in ThailandIntroductionIntroduction


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Problems of natural resourcesProblems of natural resources

• Depletion of the resources• Environmental pollution

IntroductionIntroduction


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Soil and water resources

Soil deterioration

• Soil erosion

• Soil contamination

• Soil infertility



andbasic studies


andbasic studies


His Majesty the King His Majesty the King BhumibolBhumibol AdulyadejAdulyadej

has promoted the initiative of using “vetiver”for soil and water conservation since 1991.



andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Vetiver in Thailand Faek or Ya Faek = Vetiver


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Vetiver in Thailand

Faek DonUpland vetiver

Vetiveria nemoralis

Faek HomLowland vetiver

Vetiveria zizanioides

Faek or Ya Faek = Vetiver


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Kamphaeng Phet 2

Thai Vetiver Ecotypes

Ratchaburi Songkhla 3

VetiverVetiverinin

ThailandThailand

Faek DonUpland vetiver

Vetiveria nemoralis

Faek HomLowland vetiver

Vetiveria zizanioides

Prachuab Khiri Khan


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Suitability of vetiver ecotypesin various soil types

VetiverVetiverinin

ThailandThailand• Sandy soil

Nakorn SawanKamphaeng Phet 1

• Laterite soilPrachuab Khiri KhanSongkhla 3

• Clay loam soilLoeiSurat Thani


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


North:Nakhon SawanKamphaeng Phet 1

Northeast:Roi EtSongkhla 3

Central and east:RatchaburiPrachuab Khiri Khan

South:Surat ThaniSongkhla 3

VetiverVetiverinin

ThailandThailand

Suitability of vetiver ecotypesin different regions


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


• Knowledge dissemination

Research and developmentThe Office of Royal Development Projects Board

(ORDPB)

• Financial support • Coordination and monitoring


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


ResearchResearch and and

developmentdevelopment

Master plans ofMaster plans of ORDPBORDPB

Basic and applied research(1993-1994)

Extension and promotion(2002-2006)

Knowledge dissemination(1997-1999)


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Role of Kasetsart UniversityRole of Kasetsart University

The studies on vetiver beganat Kasetsart University in 1992.


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Genetic studyGenetic studyRole ofRole ofKasetsartKasetsartUniversityUniversity


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Genome analysis ofThai vetiver ecotypes

Both SSCP and RAPD analyses are sufficient to distinguisheach ecotypes of Faek Don and Faek Hom. (Srifah et al.)

GeneticGeneticstudystudy


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


GeneticGeneticstudystudy Karyomorphological study

Chromosome number = 20Chromosome length = 1.5 – 8.4 micron. (Kongpraphon el al.)

5_m

5_m

5_m

5_m


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


GeneticGeneticstudystudy Meiosis of vetiver germplasm

Normal and abnormal chromosome behaviors ofvetiver meiotic cells. (Kongpraphon et al.)

NN

NN

NN

NNNN

11 22

33 44

55 66


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Plant developmentand breeding studyPlant developmentand breeding study

Role ofRole ofKasetsartKasetsartUniversityUniversity


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


PlantPlantdevelopmentdevelopmentand breedingand breeding

studystudyShoot apex development

Four vetiver ecotypes had similar patterns of apex developmentbut differed in the duration and rate of each development.(Kaveeta et al.)


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Tissue culture technique

Tissue culture technique using lateral buds gave 70%survival rate of plantlets. (Department of Botany, KU)


studystudy


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Salt tolerance in vetiver

50 Gy gamma irradiated calli of Kamphaeng Phet 1 ecotypehad maximum degree of salt tolerance. (Na Nakorn et al.)


studystudy NaCl(%)

0

0.5

0.75

1.0

KP1


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Glufosinate resistance in vetiver

The glufosinate resistance was mainly due to increasingGS activity and its decrease in sensitivity to the herbicide.(Prasertsongkun et al.)


studystudy


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Vetiverand soil fertility studyVetiverand soil fertility study

Role ofRole ofKasetsartKasetsartUniversityUniversity


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


VetiverVetiverand soil fertilityand soil fertility

studystudySoil fertility improvementby vetiver

• Vetiver cultivation could improve soil properties such as pH, OM, bulk density, permeability, etc. (Thatachasatid)

• Vetiver mulching conserved topsoil moisture and increased available-N, available-P and extractable-K. (Roongtanakiat et al.)

0

200

400

600

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

CobSeed

Straw

Yeild dry weight

Treatment


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


VetiverVetiverand soil fertilityand soil fertility

studystudy

The VA mycorrhiza increased vetiver biomass and nutrientuptake. (Techapinyawat et al.)

Vetiverand soil microorganisms


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


PhytoremediationPhytoremediation study studyRole ofRole of

KasetsartKasetsartUniversityUniversity

Mn Pb

Fe

Cu Zn

Cd


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Vetiverand heavy metal uptake

• Heavy metals did not affect the growth of vetiver.• Vetiver is not a heavy metal hyperaccumulator plant. (Roongtanakiat and Chairoj)

Phytoremediationstudy

Shoot dry weight

K R SLevel of heavy metal

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

100

1 2 3 4 5

60 days120 days

K R SK R SK R SK R S


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Uptake of heavy metals fromlandfill leachate by vetiver

Leachate strength of landfill affected vetiver growthand heavy metal uptake. (Roongtanakiat et al.)

Vetiver height

Leachate strength (%)



andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Vetiver for wastewatertreatment

• Heavy metals concentrated more in vetiver root than in shoot.• Sri Lanka ecotype had the best growth and highest heavy metal removal efficiencies. (Roongtanakiat et al.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Rem

oval

effic

iency

(%)

Mn Fe Cu Zn Pb

Heavy metal

W1 W2 W3 W4



andbasic studies


andbasic studies


C o n c l u s i o nC o n c l u s i o n

What makes vetiver work so well ?How to enhance the potential for phytoremediation ?

How to obtain shade tolerant and cold tolerant vetiver ?

Basic research is still required toelucidate more on vetiver.


andbasic studies


andbasic studies


Vetiver in Thailand:General aspects and basic studies

Vetiver in Thailand:General aspects and basic studies


T h a n k y o uT h a n k y o u

vetivervetiver in thailand: in thailandsurat thani songkhla 3 vetiver in thailand suitability of...

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